Processes applying mesoporous titanium containing zeolite based catalysts for selective oxidation or epoxidation of hydrocarbons by peroxides.

There are disclosed are a method for producing at least one compound selected from a carbonyl compound and a hydroxy adduct compound by an oxidative cleavage or addition reaction of an olefinic double bond of an olefin compound,

   which contains

      reacting an olefin compound with hydrogen peroxide, utilizing as a catalyst, at least one member selected from

• (a) tungsten,
• (b) molybdenum, or
• (c) a tungsten or molybdenum metal compound containing
  • (ia) tungsten or (ib) molybdenum and
  • (ii) an element of Group IIIb, IVb, Vb or VIb excluding oxygen, and

In the reaction of catalytic gas phase oxidation induced by the supply of at least a raw material to be oxidized and a molecular oxygen-containing gas to a reactor for catalytic gas phase oxidation, a method for starting up the reactor for catalytic gas phase oxidation is disclosed which is characterized by causing the raw material and the molecular oxygen-containing gas to pass a range in which the concentration of the raw material is less than the lower explosion limit of the raw material and the concentration of oxygen is not less than the limiting oxygen concentration, but excluding the concentration of the raw material of 0 vol.%. The method enables the reactor to be started up economically and safely by avoiding the explosion range induced by the composition of a raw material and a molecular oxygen-containing gas supplied to the reactor and decreasing the amount of a diluting gas to be supplied.

The present invention provides a process for preparing an alcohol derivative, where the alcohol derivative is an ester, acetal, ketal, ether, or alkyl glycoside, by reacting an alcohol with a carbonyl compound, alcohol, olefin, epoxy compound or saccharide, where C_2-4 vicinal alkylene oxides are excluded, in the presence of (A) an aluminum alkoxide and (B) sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid.

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Verbindungen der Formeln I bzw. II in denen R¹ Wasserstoff oder einen aliphatischen, cycloaliphatischen, araliphatischen, aromatischen oder heterocyclischen Rest oder einen Acylrest bedeutet, wobei diese Reste weitere Substituenten, die nicht mit Acetylenen oder Allenen reagieren, tragen können und die Reste R unabhängig voneinander für Wasserstoff oder aliphatische, cycloaliphatische, araliphatische, aromatische oder heterocyclische Reste stehen, die unter Bildung eines Ringes miteinander verbunden sein können und m für 0 oder 1 steht, durch Addition von Verbindungen der Formel III



        R¹OH     III



an Acetylene oder Allene der Formeln IV bzw. V



        R―C≡C―R     IV



wobei R¹ und R die oben angegebenen Bedeutungen haben, in der Gasphase bei erhöhter Temperatur in Gegenwart eines heterogenen, ein Silikat enthaltenden Katalysators, bei dem man einen Katalysator verwendet, der als aktiven Bestandteil ein durch Ausfällung in wäßriger Lösung aus einer löslichen Silizium- und Zinkverbindung erhältliches Zinksilikat enthält oder aus diesem besteht, wobei das Zinksilikat

• a) ein im wesentlichen röntgenamorphes Zinksilikat der Formel VI,
  
  
  
          Zn_aSi_cO_a+2c-0,5e(OH)_e.fH₂O     VI,
  
  
  
  in der e die Werte 0 bis zur Summe aus 2_a + 2_c bedeutet und das Verhältnis a/c 1 bis 3,5 und f/a 0 bis 200 beträgt und/oder
• b) ein kristallines Zinksilikat mit der Struktur von Hemimorphit der Formel Zn₄Si₂O₇(OH)₂·2H₂O ist.

Multilayer transparent, antireflex, coloured or opaline plates, with smooth or embossed surfaces, optionally thermouldable with external layers in acrylic polymers, low thickness, in the range of 1.5 up to lower thicknesses of 10 mm, by employing one or more polymeric continuous films which have the property to have elastic modulus lower than the one of PMMA of at least 30%, and/or elongation at break higher than at least 40%, measured by the test according to ISO 527 for plates or films, placed inside the panel.

A petrochemical (i.e. a hydrocarbon derivative) is produced by the vapour phase reaction of a hydrocarbon with air in the presence of a suitable catalyst. The petrochemical is removed from the reactor effluent, and part or all of the remaining petrochemical-free gas stream is passed through a hydrocarbon-selective adsorbent, which adsorbs hydrocarbon from the gas stream, leaving a hydrocarbon-depleted waste gas. Hydrocarbon is purged from the adsorbent with air, and the air-hydrocarbon mixture is recycled to the partial oxidation reactor. The purge air, and preferably both the purge air and the petrochemical-free gas stream are dried by passage through beds of zeolite 3A prior to being introduced into the hydrocarbon-selective adsorbent, and the beds of zeolite 3A are regenerated by passing heated hydrocarbon-depleted waste gas therethrough.