| 序号 | 专利名 | 申请号 | 申请日 | 公开（公告）号 | 公开（公告）日 | 发明人 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 101 | Method for creating a one way visible screening smoke | US772056 | 1996-12-04 | US5682010A | 1997-10-28 | Janon F. Embury, Jr. |
| A method of producing a visible one-way screening smoke is disclosed. The thod includes substantially concurrently deploying into ambient atmosphere a first smoke cloud containing a light absorbent material such as carbon black and a second smoke cloud containing a white nonabsorbent visible screening smoke substantially parallel to and apart from the first cloud so that a two layer obscurant cloud having a one-way visibility effect is created in which visibility is substantially maintained only in the direction of the first cloud through the second cloud. | ||||||
| 102 | Pyrotechnic smoke composition for camouflage purposes | US495443 | 1995-12-18 | US5656794A | 1997-08-12 | Uwe Krone; Klaus Moller; Ernest Shulz |
| In a continuously burning pyrotechnic composition, compounds of graphite serve as additional components that are capable of thermal expansion in the C-axis perpendicular to the lattice plane and expand in the reaction zone of the pyrotechnic composition, being released with the reaction products of the burning pyrotechnic composition. This permits production of camouflage smokes that are effective in the optically visible range, the IR range and the MMW-RADAR range of electromagnetic radiation. | ||||||
| 103 | Fire extinguishing methods and systems | US328993 | 1994-10-25 | US5588493A | 1996-12-31 | Yechiel Spector; Esther Jacobson; Vida Naishtut; Michael Vittenberg; Zohar Beinert |
| A method of extinguishing a fire, which includes pre-positioning a fire extinguishing device which includes at least two reactants such that when the reactants are activated they react to create solid particulate products having a diameter of about one micron or less such that, when the products come in contact with the fire they chemically inhibit the chain reactions of the fire flame and bring about the extinguishing of the fire. In one embodiment, the device is submerged in a liquid coolant and includes means for preventing entry of coolant into the device while allowing the escape of said products into the coolant when activated. Another embodiment is used to generate non-toxic smoke using a device which includes a first reactant which is potassium chlorate, potassium perchlorate, potassium dichromate, cesium nitrate or potassium nitrate, and a second reactant serving as a reduction agent. When the reactants are activated they react to create solid particulate products having a diameter of about one micron or less which creates a smoke. | ||||||
| 104 | Aluminum metal composition flake having reduced coating | US225999 | 1994-04-12 | US5531930A | 1996-07-02 | Yishai Karton; Moshe Kleiman |
| Infrared, visible or mm. radiation is screened by an aerosol comprising flakes (0.03-0.3.times.1.5-20 microns) of aluminum metal composition, having a mass extinction coefficient of at least 4.5 m.sup.2 /g in respect of infrared radiation and at least 3.5 m.sup.2 /g in respect of visible radiation. The invention includes also the flakes per se, and formulations containing them, the flakes being additionally characterized by the facts that the amount of manufacturing process additive with which they are coated has been reduced to between 0 and 2.5 weight percent, and that they have a bulk density at least 0.5, preferably at least 1.5 g/cc. The reduction in the coating additive may be achieved by modifying the amount of additive used in the manufacturing process, or by treating the conventionally manufactured flakes with solvents to reduce the amount of coating additive to the desired level. Compressing the thus-treated flakes increases bulk density, with no significant reduction in the mass extinction coefficient. | ||||||
| 105 | Low-toxicity obscuring smoke formulation | US90768 | 1993-07-12 | US5522320A | 1996-06-04 | David R. Dillehay |
| Smoke-producing compositions are disclosed that combine the low toxicity of an organic acid smoke and the high obscuration effect of a red phosphorus (RP) smoke. Phosphoric acid produced by RP is neutralized by an acid scavenger added to at least one of the RP or organic acid smoke formulations. To prevent chemical reaction between ingredients of the two smoke-producing formulations, they are separated in the apparatus of the present invention such that only the resulting smokes mix. Very small amount of a RP smoke formulation increases the obscuration index of organic acid smokes comparable to conventional hygroscopic chloride (HC) smokes. | ||||||
| 106 | Smoke charge and method for its preparation | US311164 | 1994-09-23 | US5466314A | 1995-11-14 | Walter Rauber; Markus Tobler |
| A smoke-generating combustion charge is disclosed having a nitrate-containing oxidizing agent combined with wetted carbon granules to cause polar binding of the oxidizing agent. Such a charge produces a non-toxic smoke, and is environment-compatible, even when the charge fails to ignite, or is combusted incompletely. The method of preparation for the smoke charge comprises the separate treatment of the oxidizing agent and the reducing agent, followed by common mixing and press-forming to produce pellets. | ||||||
| 107 | Method and composition for precipitation of atmospheric water | US893284 | 1992-06-04 | US5360162A | 1994-11-01 | Slavko Mentus |
| A method for precipitating atmospheric water by means of multicomponent aerosols, including iodide based complex multicomponent aerosol compositions. The compositions comprise a solid mass formed by a compacted mixture of silver iodide and the iodides, iodates, and periodates of alkali metals, lead, copper, barium; ammonia, barium chromate, and selected oxidizers such as ammonium perchlorate, and fuels such as poly-p-phenylene, phenol formaldehyde resin, epoxide resin, and shellac and mixtures thereof. The compositions, upon burning, produce an aerosol effective to promote atmospheric water precipitation. | ||||||
| 108 | Obscuring and nontoxic smoke compositions | US745501 | 1991-08-15 | US5154782A | 1992-10-13 | Graham C. Shaw; Daniel B. Nielson; Leon L. Jones; Stanley G. Summers |
| A composition which is capable of producing an obscuring white smoke is disclosed which employs a dicarboxylic acid as the primary smoke producing agent. It is found that by using a dicarboxylic acid smoke producing agent, a generally non-toxic and non-corrosive smoke is achieved. Also included within the composition are a binder, a fuel or coolant, and an oxidizer. The binder may be any one of a number of binders such as nitrocellulose or a polymer binder. A low energy fuel is preferred in order to minimize heat and flame produced. Such fuels may include, for example, starch, dextrose, lactose, sucrose, or sulphur. The presently preferred oxidizer is KCLO.sub.3. Other substances may also be added to the composition. For example, sodium bicarbonate may be added to act as a buffer for the KCLO.sub.3 and as a further coolant. In some cases it may also be desirable to add aluminum for purposes of producing more uniform burning and increased thermal conductivity through out the composition. | ||||||
| 109 | High nitrogen smoke compositions | US404677 | 1982-08-03 | US5061329A | 1991-10-29 | Russell Reed, Jr.; May L. Chan |
| High nitrogen smoke compositions capable of rapid dispersion of smoke dyesnd capable of low temperature deflagration. Some compositions are capable of flameless deflagration in air. Compositions include pressed mixtures of 5,5'-bitetrazole and smoke dyes such as red, green, or yellow dyes. Other compositions include cast cured mixtures of azido binders such as glycidyl azide polymer and dyes, some of these compositions also including 5,5'-biterazole or an ammonium salt of 5-nitraminotetrazole. | ||||||
| 110 | Method for the generation of monodispersed aerosols for filter testing | US636159 | 1990-12-31 | US5059352A | 1991-10-22 | Hugh R. Carlon; Mark A. Guelta; Bernard V. Gerber |
| An improved method of testing a particulate filter. This is accomplished byassing a salt nucleus coated with a composition containing a poly-alpha olefin having chain length in %, by volume, of about 97-99% of 20 carbon atoms, and about 3% of 30 carbon atoms. | ||||||
| 111 | Method of testing the efficiency of gas mask filters using monodispersed aerosols | US636164 | 1990-12-31 | US5059351A | 1991-10-22 | Hugh R. Carlon; Mark A. Guelta; Bernard V. Gerber |
| An improved method of testing a particulate filter. This is accomplished byassing the following ester mixture on salt nuclei consisting essentially in percentage, by volume, of about:______________________________________ % Chemical ______________________________________ 58 methyl oleate 24 methyl stearate 14 methyl linoleate 4 methyl palmitate. ______________________________________ | ||||||
| 112 | Pyrotechnical mixture for producing a smoke screen | US350737 | 1989-04-26 | US4968365A | 1990-11-06 | Uwe Krone |
| A pyrotechnic mixture for producing a smoke screen includes a reduction agent comprising a light metal, at least one oxidation agent comprising potassium nitrate, combustion moderators including at least one carbonate and a nitrogen producing compound and at least one sublimable or evaporatable, smoke generating, nontoxic additive. | ||||||
| 113 | Device for the rapid generation of a smoke screen and a method for preparing a smoke charge | US274244 | 1988-11-21 | US4898098A | 1990-02-06 | Yvonne Frey; Jorg Kutzli; Walter Rauber; Hans Schmocker; Markus Tobler |
| For generation of smoke screens for civilian and military applications, briquetted, combustible masses are used, which, by means of scattering charges, are spread in a buckshot-like manner. Smoke charges serve mostly toxic substances which, at least when failing to burn or when only partly burning, constitute an environmental hazard.According to the invention, there is provided a device consisting of nontoxic, hygroscopic smoke charges fully encapsulated in a moisture-impervious ignition layer. An ammunition body comprises smoke charges of differing sizes and geometries, and facilitates the ground-covering laying of smoke screens over large target areas.A preferred manufacturing method for the smoke charges and the ignition layer is described. | ||||||
| 114 | Process for making smoke producing composition | US785709 | 1985-10-09 | USH705H | 1989-11-07 | Joel H. Selzer; Michael D. Smith |
| In general, this invention relates to smoke-producing pellets for use in a mortar shell.More particularly, this invention relates to an improved process of making smoke-producing pellets for the 81 mm cartridge of the XM819 mortar shell. | ||||||
| 115 | Protecting military targets against weapons having IR detectors | US213148 | 1980-12-04 | US4756778A | 1988-07-12 | Victor R. Deitz; Joseph P. Reardon; Neldon L. Jarvis |
| Pyrolyzed carbon fibers are intercalated with alkali metal by contacting fibers with hot metal vapors at a specified temperature to produce an infrared emissive chaff. This chaff can be released into the air to produce a heat generating cloud, which can serve as an infrared decoy or screen to protect military targets against weapons having infrared detectors. The chaff gives off a longer lasting, more moderate heat supply due to the intercalation of its active element, and is much easier to store and handle than prior art pyrophorics. | ||||||
| 116 | Smoke producing composition | US903629 | 1986-08-29 | USH233H | 1987-03-03 | Gene V. Tracy |
| The present invention is an essentially non-toxic, smoke-producing, pyrotnic composition. The composition uses 1,4 benzenedicarboxylic acid which produces a superior visual screening smoke when vaporized by heat provided a reaction between suitable fuel and oxidizer. The composition additionally contains potassium chlorate and sugar. The composition burns at a low temperature without a visual flame and is suited for use in smoke grenades and smoke pots. | ||||||
| 117 | Smoke-producing composition | US900918 | 1986-08-26 | USH232H | 1987-03-03 | Joel H. Selzer |
| The composition of this invention contains red phosphorus, magnesium, sod nitrate, and an epoxy binder. It can optionally contain silica to aid in processing. The magnesium is used to sustain the smoke produced by the red phosphorus for a period greater than 5 minutes for screening of military operations. Further, the composition does not exhibit any increased sensitivity to impact or friction over traditional smoke-producing compositions. This is the case even though the composition contains a high-level of red phosphorus. | ||||||
| 118 | Air purge system for vehicle engine exhaust smoke systems | US845668 | 1986-03-26 | USH172H | 1986-12-02 | William J. Pribyl; Donald L. Curtis |
| An air purge system device for use with nozzle tubes carrying fuel oil to aiesel engine exhaust system for vaporization of the fuel oil. Provided is at least one nozzle tube for carrying fuel oil to the diesel engine exhaust system and an electrically controlled solenoid valve for controlling flow of fuel from a fuel supply source for the diesel engine to the nozzle tubes. An air purge line is provided for forcing air into the tube from the diesel engine air box. A one-way check valve is provided to permit air flow from the air purge line to the tube and prevent fuel flow from the fuel valve to the air purge line.The method described prevents coke build-up in nozzle tubes carrying the fuel oil, which fuel is vaporized during operation of a fuel supply valve. The method contemplates supplying air under pressure from a positive pressure air source to an air purge line positioned to force air into the nozzle tubes when fuel supply valve is closed and regulating flow in the air purge line by a one-way check valve on the purge line which permits air flow towards the tube and prevents fuel flow in the air purge line. Operation of the device in engine compartments having an operating temperature above the vaporization temperature of fuel oil purges the nozzle tubes and cools the interior of the nozzle tubes to prevent coking by volatilization of residual fuel oil in the system after the supply has been turned off. | ||||||
| 119 | Red phosphorous smoke producing composition | US574836 | 1984-01-30 | US4534810A | 1985-08-13 | Charles A. Knapp |
| A smoke-producing composition which will produce a dense smoke in about 5 conds and continues to produce a visible cloud having a duration of about 10 minutes for military screening operations in the field. The composition has critical limits in proportions and particle size for effective and efficient use in the 81 mm mortar cartridge. The composition consists essentially of 75 to 90 parts red phosphorus of 10.+-.5.mu. in size, 10 to 20 parts sodium nitrate of 30.+-.15.mu., and 4 to 10 parts of an epoxy binder. All parts being by weight. | ||||||
| 120 | Simultaneous red smoke and bright flame composition containing ammonium iodate | US405648 | 1982-08-05 | US4398977A | 1983-08-16 | Henry A. Webster, III |
| A pyrotechnic composition is formulated which, when burned, produces red ke and bright flame. The composition is comprised of between 25 and 65 percent of ammonium iodate, between 30 and 45 percent of iodoform, between 0 and 5 percent of diatomaceous earth and the balance of a fuel selected from a group consisting of bismuth, molybdenum, and a mixture of bismuth and magnesium. | ||||||
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