| 序号 | 专利名 | 申请号 | 申请日 | 公开（公告）号 | 公开（公告）日 | 发明人 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 221 | Computed pivotal center surgical robotic system and method | US10974256 | 2004-10-26 | US07006895B2 | 2006-02-28 | Philip S. Green |
| A teleoperator system with telepresence is shown which includes right and left hand controllers (72R and 72L) for control of right and left manipulators (24R and 24L) through use of a servomechanism that includes computer (42). Cameras (46R and 46L) view workspace (30) from different angles for production of stereoscopic signal outputs at lines (48R and 48L). In response to the camera outputs a 3-dimensional top-to-bottom inverted image (30I) is produced which, is reflected by mirror (66) toward the eyes of operator (18). A virtual image (30V) is produced adjacent control arms (76R and 76L) which is viewed by operator (18) looking in the direction of the control arms. By locating the workspace image (30V) adjacent the control arms (76R and 76L) the operator is provided with a sense that end effectors (40R and 40L) carried by manipulator arms (34R and 34L) and control arms (76R and 76L) are substantially integral. This sense of connection between the control arms (76R and 76L) and end effectors (40R and 40L) provide the operator with the sensation of directly controlling the end effectors by hand. By locating visual display (246) adjacent control arms (244R and 244L) image (240I) of the workspace is directly viewable by the operator. (FIGS. 12 and 13.) Use of the teleoperator system for surgical procedures also is disclosed. (FIGS. 7–9 and FIG. 13.). | ||||||
| 222 | Articulated surgical instrument for performing minimally invasive surgery with enhanced dexterity and sensitivity | US10076812 | 2002-02-15 | US06991627B2 | 2006-01-31 | Akhil J. Madhani; J. Kenneth Salisbury |
| An articulated surgical instrument for enhancing the performance of minimally invasive surgical procedures. The instrument has a high degree of dexterity, low friction, low inertia and good force reflection. A unique cable and pulley drive system operates to reduce friction and enhance force reflection. A unique wrist mechanism operates to enhance surgical dexterity compared to standard laparoscopic instruments. The system is optimized to reduce the number of actuators required and thus produce a fully functional articulated surgical instrument of minimum size. | ||||||
| 223 | Robotically controlled medical instrument with a flexible section | US10976066 | 2004-10-28 | US20050216033A1 | 2005-09-29 | Woojin Lee; Andres Chamorro; Barry Weitzner |
| A robotically controlled medical instrument includes a bending section with a unibody construction, a tool supported at a distal end of the bending section and used to perform a medical procedure on a subject such as a human patient, and an electronic controller that controls the bending section to provide at least one degree-of-freedom of movement. | ||||||
| 224 | Surgical instrument | US10008457 | 2001-11-16 | US06949106B2 | 2005-09-27 | David L. Brock; Woojin Lee |
| A master station of a master/slave surgery system, adapted to be manually manipulated by a surgeon to, in turn, control motion at a slave station at which is disposed a surgical instrument in response to the surgeon manipulation, the master station comprising: a lower positioner assembly; upper positioner assembly supported over the lower positioner assembly and rotational relative to the lower positioner assembly to enable lateral side-to-side surgeon manipulation; and an arm assembly having a hard assembly at its distal end for engagement by the surgeon's hand, and a proximal end pivotally supported from the upper positioner assembly to enable an orthogonal forward-and-back surgeon manipulation in a direction substantially orthogonal to the lateral surgeon manipulation. | ||||||
| 225 | Flexible robotic surgery system and method | US10974593 | 2004-10-26 | US20050065658A1 | 2005-03-24 | Philip Green |
| A teleoperator system with telepresence is shown which includes right and left hand controllers (72R and 72L) for control of right and left manipulators (24R and 24L) through use of a servomechanism that includes computer (42). Cameras (46R and 46L) view workspace (30) from different angles for production of stereoscopic signal outputs at lines (48R and 48L). In response to the camera outputs a 3-dimensional top-to-bottom inverted image (301) is produced which, is reflected by mirror (66) toward the eyes of operator (18). A virtual image (30V) is produced adjacent control arms (76R and 76L) which is viewed by operator (18) looking in the direction of the control arms. By locating the workspace image (30V) adjacent the control arms (76R and 76L) the operator is provided with a sense that end effectors (40R and 40L) carried by manipulator arms (34R and 34L) and control arms (76R and 76L) are substantially integral. This sense of connection between the control arms (76R and 76L) and end effectors (40R and 40L) provide the operator with the sensation of directly controlling the end effectors by hand. By locating visual display (246) adjacent control arms (244R and 244L) image (240I) of the workspace is directly viewable by the operator. (FIGS. 12 and 13.) Use of the teleoperator system for surgical procedures also is disclosed. (FIGS. 7-9 and FIG. 13.) | ||||||
| 226 | Surgical system | US09607758 | 2000-06-29 | US06850817B1 | 2005-02-01 | Philip S. Green |
| A teleoperator system with telepresence is shown which includes right and left hand controllers (72R and 72L) for control of right and left manipulators (24R and 24L) through use of a servomechanism that includes computer (42). Cameras (46R and 46L) view workspace (30) from different angles for production of stereoscopic signal outputs at lines (48R and 48L). In response to the camera outputs a 3-dimensional top-to-bottom inverted image (30I) is produced which, is reflected by mirror (66) toward the eyes of operator (18). A virtual image (30V) is produced adjacent control arms (76R and 76L) which is viewed by operator (18) looking in the direction of the control arms. By locating the workspace image (30V) adjacent the control arms (76R and 76L) the operator is provided with a sense that end effectors (40R and 40L) carried by manipulator arms (34R and 34L) and control arms (76R and 76L) are substantially integral. This sense of connection between the control arms (76R and 76L) and end effectors (40R and 40L) provide the operator with the sensation of directly controlling the end effectors by hand. By locating visual display (246) adjacent control arms (244R and 244L) image (240I) of the workspace is directly viewable by the operator. (FIGS. 12 and 13.) Use of the teleoperator system for surgical procedures also is disclosed. (FIGS. 7-9 and FIG. 13.) | ||||||
| 227 | Surgical instrument | US10008871 | 2001-11-16 | US06843793B2 | 2005-01-18 | David L. Brock; Woojin Lee |
| A program of instructions for the processor which include: receiving an insertion length of a medical instrument inserted in a patient; and determining a distal end location of the instrument at a target site in the patient from the insertion length. The instrument typically has a straight proximal portion and curved distal portion, lies in a single plane and is a rigid guide member. The instrument is typically inserted and then fixed at a pivot axis outside the patient. The pivot axis is generally aligned with an insertion point at which the instrument is inserted into the patient. The program of instructions may include determining a subsequent location of the distal end associated with pivoting about the pivot axis. The program of instructions may include determining a subsequent location of the distal end associated with axial rotation of the instrument, determining a subsequent location of the distal end associated with linear translation along a length axis of the instrument and/or determining a subsequent movement of the distal end in a single plane about the pivot axis. The pivotal axis is typically a reference point used by the program of instructions in determining subsequent movement of the distal end. | ||||||
| 228 | Surgical instrument with a universal wrist | US10460382 | 2003-06-11 | US20040253079A1 | 2004-12-16 | Dan Sanchez |
| A robotically controlled endoscopic medical instrument that includes an end effector coupled to a wrist. The wrist provides two separate degrees of freedom about the same pivot point. The end effector can be moved and actuated by pins. The pins allow for a compact minimally invasive medical instrument that has a wrist with two degrees of freedom. | ||||||
| 229 | System and method for remote endoscopic surgery | US09583389 | 2000-05-30 | US06731988B1 | 2004-05-04 | Philip S. Green |
| A teleoperator system with telepresence is shown which includes right and left hand controllers (72R and 72L) for control of right and left manipulators (24R and 24L) through use of a servomechanism that includes computer (42). Cameras (46R and 46L) view workspace (30) from different angles for production of stereoscopic signal outputs at lines (48R and 48L). In response to the camera outputs a 3-dimensional top-to-bottom inverted image (30I) is produced which, is reflected by mirror (66) toward the eyes of operator (18). A virtual image (30V) is produced adjacent control arms (76R and 76L) which is viewed by operator (18) looking in the direction of the control arms. By locating the workspace image (30V) adjacent the control arms (76R and 76L) the operator is provided with a sense that end effectors (40R and 40L) carried by manipulator arms (34R and 34L) and control arms (76R and 76L) are substantially integral. This sense of connection between the control arms (76R and 76L) and end effectors (40R and 40L) provide the operator with the sensation of directly controlling the end effectors by hand. By locating visual display (246) adjacent control arms (244R and 244L) image (240I) of the workspace is directly viewable by the operator (FIGS. 12 and 13). Use of the teleoperator system for surgical procedures is also disclosed (FIGS. 7-9 and 13). | ||||||
| 230 | Robot remote controlling apparatus and robot apparatus | US10136532 | 2002-05-02 | US06650966B1 | 2003-11-18 | Katsuyuki Baba; Shigeaki Ino; Yoichi Takamoto |
| The invention has an object to provide a robot remote controlling apparatus that can easily and comfortably carry out operations at the finger portion operating portion and arm portion operating portion and can easily and comfortably carry out operations at other parts than at the above-described operating portions. The robot remote controlling apparatus includes a rack 30 that accommodates said computer apparatus excluding a display 24 and an input device 28, and at the same time, that mounts the display 24; an up and down moving arm 20 that is rotatably disposed on said rack and whose tip end portion 20b can move up and down; a supporting section 10 rotatably disposed on said tip end portion, which detects a turning angle with respect to said tip end portion as a left and right turning angle of a head portion, and detects a turning angle of a roller 14a disposed on the upper surface thereof as an up and down turning angle of the head portion, and in which said input device 28 is disposed at the front side thereof, and said left and right upper limb portion operating portions 11 are disposed at the left and right sides thereof; and an independent box-shaped leg operating section 70 on which said fuselage operating portion is disposed. | ||||||
| 231 | Surgical system | US10379302 | 2003-03-03 | US20030176948A1 | 2003-09-18 | Philip S. Green |
| A teleoperator system with telepresence is shown which includes right and left hand controllers (72R and 72L) for control of right and left manipulators (24R and 24L) through use of a servomechanism that includes computer (42). Cameras (46R and 46L) view workspace (30) from different angles for production of stereoscopic signal outputs at lines (48R and 48L). In response to the camera outputs a 3-dimensional top-to-bottom inverted image (30I) is produced which, is reflected by mirror (66) toward the eyes of operator (18). A virtual image (30V) is produced adjacent control arms (76R and 76L) which is viewed by operator (18) looking in the direction of the control arms. By locating the workspace image (30V) adjacent the control arms (76R and 76L) the operator is provided with a sense that end effectors (40R and 40L) carried by manipulator arms (34R and 34L) and control arms (76R and 76L) are substantially integral. This sense of connection between the control arms (76R and 76L) and end effectors (40R and 40L) provide the operator with the sensation of directly controlling the end effectors by hand. By locating visual display (246) adjacent control arms (244R and 244L) image (240I) of the workspace is directly viewable by the operator. (FIGS. 12 and 13.) Use of the teleoperator system for surgical procedures also is disclosed. (FIGS. 7-9 and FIG. 13.) | ||||||
| 232 | Hydraulic control system with tactile force and position feedback | US09809233 | 2001-03-15 | US06508058B1 | 2003-01-21 | Louis A. Seaverson |
| An apparatus for translating the movements of a portion of an operators anatomy residing in communication with an input fitment into hydraulic signals thereby directing the motion of a machine member moved by a hydraulic driver with natural motion of the operator. The subject apparatus also transfers the motion of the machine member under control to a proportional motion of the control fitment, giving the operator a tactile sense of the direction and magnitude of the motion being executed by the machine member under the control of the apparatus. Additionally, the subject apparatus conveys a force proportional to that experienced as a resistance to movement by a machine member under the control of the apparatus to the operator through the control fitment, giving the operator a tactile sense of the resistance opposing the machine operation being directed by the operator. | ||||||
| 233 | Surgical manipulator for a telerobotic system | US10124573 | 2002-04-16 | US20020111635A1 | 2002-08-15 | Joel F. Jensen; John W. Hill |
| The invention is directed to mainpulator assembly (2) for holding and manipulating a surgical instrument (14) in a telerobotic system. The assembly comprises a base (6) by fixable by means of passive or power driven positioning devices to a s surface, such as an operating table, and an instrument holder (4) movably mounted on the base. The instrument holder comprises a chassis (6) and an instrument support (70) movably mounted on the body and having an interface engageable with the surgical instrument to releasably mount the instrument to the instrument holder. A drive assembly (7) is operatively coupled to the instrument holder for providing the instrument with at least two degrees of freedom. The instrument holder is serarable from the base and the drive assembly so that the holder can be sterilized. The assembly further includes a force sensing element (52) mounted distal to the holder and the drive assembly for detecting forces exerted on the surgical instrument and providing feedback to the surgeon. The assembly is attached to a remote center positioner (300) for constraining the instrument to rotate a point coincident with the entry incision and an inclinometer (350) for preventing gravitational forces acting on the system's mechanisms from being felt by the surgeon. | ||||||
| 234 | Flexible instrument | US10011449 | 2001-11-16 | US20020087048A1 | 2002-07-04 | David L. Brock; Woojin Lee; Gary Rogers; Barry Weitzner |
| A remote control flexible instrument system, employing a shaft which supports a tool, is described in which the has proximal and distal ends with at least a portion thereof extending through a lumen of the human body so as to locate the shaft at an internal target site. A master station including an input device provides control of the instrument situated at a slave station. The master station can control at least one degree-of-freedom of the flexible instrument. A controller intercouples the master and slave stations and is operated in accordance with a computer algorithm that receives a command from the input device for controlling at least one degree-of-freedom of the catheter so as to respond in accordance with action at the input device. The flexible instrument further comprises a controlled flexible segment along the shaft, for controlled bending at the flexible segment to guide the shaft and to dispose the tool at an operative site. | ||||||
| 235 | Method and apparatus for transforming coordinate systems in a telemanipulation system | US09813506 | 2001-03-21 | US20010046313A1 | 2001-11-29 | Philip S. Green |
| In a telemanipulation system for manipulating objects located in a workspace at a remote worksite by an operator from an operator's station, such as in a remote surgical system, the remote worksite having a manipulator with an end effector for manipulating an object at the workspace, such as a body cavity, a controller including a hand control at the control operator's station for remote control of the manipulator, an image capture device, such as a camera, and image output device for reproducing a viewable real-time image, the improvement wherein a position sensor associated with the image capture device senses position relative to the end effector and a processor transforms the viewable real-time image into a perspective image with correlated manipulation of the end effector by the hand controller such that the operator can manipulate the end effector and the manipulator as if viewing the workspace in true presence. Image transformation according to the invention includes translation, rotation and perspective correction. | ||||||
| 236 | Articulated surgical instrument for performing minimally invasive surgery with enhanced dexterity and sensitivity | US30661 | 1998-02-25 | US5976122A | 1999-11-02 | Akhil J. Madhani; J. Kenneth Salisbury |
| An articulated surgical instrument for enhancing the performance of minimally invasive surgical procedures. The instrument has a high degree of dexterity, low friction, low inertia and good force reflection. A unique cable and pulley drive system operates to reduce friction and enhance force reflection. A unique wrist mechanism operates to enhance surgical dexterity compared to standard laparoscopic instruments. The system is optimized to reduce the number of actuators required and thus produce a fully functional articulated surgical instrument of minimum size. | ||||||
| 237 | Endoscopic robotic surgical tools and methods | US890366 | 1997-07-09 | US5954692A | 1999-09-21 | Kevin W. Smith; Juergen Andrew Kortenbach; Charles R. Slater; Anthony I. Mazzeo; Theodore C. Slack, Jr.; Thomas O. Bales |
| The methods and devices of the invention include an encoder, an endoscopic robotic instrument, and an encoder/robotic instrument interface. A preferred embodiment of the encoder has a chest/shoulder plate provided with telescoping tubes and joints. Each joint is provided with a direct drive potentiometer to monitor movement and provide a corresponding signal. The chest plate is preferably adaptable to a large range of human chest sizes and the telescopic segments are strapped to the arms of the practitioner at the elbows. A pistol grip is provided at the wrist end of the telescopic segments. According to the presently preferred embodiment, the encoder encodes flexion and rotation at the shoulder, elbow and wrist of each arm in addition to gripping at each hand. The encoding device is coupled to a circuit which operates a servo system. The servo system includes a series of servo motors. A series of pulleys corresponding to the number of servo motors are arranged in a housing. The robotic instrument preferably comprises two arms mounted at the distal end of a multi-lumen tube. Each arm has rotational and flexional joints corresponding to the shoulder, elbow, and wrist of the practitioner. Tendons are coupled to the pulleys of the servo motors and are fed through the multi-lumen tube to the joints of the two arms. | ||||||
| 238 | Method and apparatus for transforming coordinate systems in a telemanipulation system | US783644 | 1997-01-14 | US5859934A | 1999-01-12 | Philip S. Green |
| In a telemanipulation system for manipulating objects located in a workspace at a remote worksite by an operator from an operator's station, such as in a remote surgical system, the remote worksite having a manipulator with an end effector for manipulating an object at the workspace, such as a body cavity, a controller including a hand control at the control operator's station for remote control of the manipulator, an image capture device, such as a camera, and image output device for reproducing a viewable real-time image, the improvement wherein a position sensor associated with the image capture device senses position relative to the end effector and a processor transforms the viewable real-time image into a perspective image with correlated manipulation of the end effector by the hand controller such that the operator can manipulate the end effector and the manipulator as if viewing the workspace in true presence. Image transformation according to the invention includes translation, rotation and perspective correction. | ||||||
| 239 | Six axis force feedback input device | US734966 | 1996-10-23 | US5828813A | 1998-10-27 | Timothy Ohm |
| The present invention is a low friction, low inertia, six-axis force feedback input device comprising an arm with double-jointed, tendon-driven revolute joints, a decoupled tendon-driven wrist, and a base with encoders and motors. The input device functions as a master robot manipulator of a microsurgical teleoperated robot system including a slave robot manipulator coupled to an amplifier chassis, which is coupled to a control chassis, which is coupled to a workstation with a graphical user interface. The amplifier chassis is coupled to the motors of the master robot manipulator and the control chassis is coupled to the encoders of the master robot manipulator. A force feedback can be applied to the input device and can be generated from the slave robot to enable a user to operate the slave robot via the input device without physically viewing the slave robot. Also, the force feedback can be generated from the workstation to represent fictitious forces to constrain the input device's control of the slave robot to be within imaginary predetermined boundaries. | ||||||
| 240 | Surgical manipulator for a telerobotic system | US944362 | 1997-10-06 | US5807378A | 1998-09-15 | Joel F. Jensen; John W. Hill |
| The invention is directed to manipulator assembly (2) for holding and manipulating a surgical instrument (14) in a telerobotic system. The assembly comprises a base (6) fixable by passive or power driven positioning devices to a surface, such as an operating table, and an instrument holder (4) movably mounted on the base. The instrument holder comprises a chassis (6) and an instrument support (70) movably mounted on the body and having an interface engageable with the surgical instrument to releasably mount the instrument to the instrument holder. A drive assembly (7) is operatively coupled to the instrument holder for providing the instrument with at least two degrees of freedom. The instrument holder is separable from the base and the drive assembly so that the holder can be sterilized. The assembly further includes a force sensing element (52) mounted distal to the holder and the drive assembly for detecting forces exerted on the surgical instrument and providing feedback to the surgeon. The assembly is attached to a remote center positioner (300) for constraining the instrument to rotate about a point coincident with the entry incision and an inclinometer (350) for preventing gravitational forces acting on the system's mechanisms from being felt by the surgeon. | ||||||
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