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序号	专利名	申请号	申请日	公开（公告）号	公开（公告）日	发明人
81	SUPERCRITICAL NOBLE GASES AND COLORING METHODS	US13413490	2012-03-06	US20120159720A1	2012-06-28	William B. CARLSON; Gregory D. PHELAN; Philip A. SULLIVAN
Coloring compositions including, for example, a supercritical fluid comprising a noble gas in a supercritical state and a colorant within the supercritical fluid are disclosed. For example, the noble gas may be at least one of helium, argon, krypton, neon, xenon and radon. Methods of producing such compositions and methods of coloring an article with such composition are also disclosed.
82	Supercritical noble gases and coloring methods	US13413490	2012-03-06	US08192507B1	2012-06-05	William B. Carlson; Gregory D. Phelan; Philip A. Sullivan
Coloring compositions including, for example, a supercritical fluid comprising a noble gas in a supercritical state and a colorant within the supercritical fluid are disclosed. For example, the noble gas may be at least one of helium, argon, krypton, neon, xenon and radon. Methods of producing such compositions and methods of coloring an article with such composition are also disclosed.
83	Supercritical noble gases and coloring methods	US13002272	2010-08-06	US08152862B2	2012-04-10	William B. Carlson; Gregory D. Phelan; Philip A. Sullivan
A coloring system can include a noble gas, colorant, and one or more vessels configured to convert the noble gas into a supercritical fluid, and/or receive and color an article of manufacture with the noble gas in the supercritical fluid state. A coloring process can include converting a noble gas into a supercritical fluid state; dissolving, suspending, or absorbing a colorant into the supercritical noble gas, and coloring an article of manufacture with the noble gas in the supercritical fluid state. A coloring composition can include a noble gas in a supercritical fluid state, and a colorant located in the supercritical noble gas.
84	MINERAL STAINS FOR WOOD AND OTHER SUBSTRATES	US12623205	2009-11-20	US20100068390A1	2010-03-18	Stephen B. Auger
According to the invention, a metal salt and an oxygen source are applied to penetrate or impregnate a suitable substrate sequentially in effective amounts so as to react in contact with the substrate and produce a mineral compound fixed within the surface of the substrate. The inventive combination of a mutually compatible metal salt, oxygen source, and substrate brings about an in situ reaction, and modifies the substrate to bring about a lasting desired effect. The mineral compound that is produced according to the invention is linked to the substrate, is stable and long-lasting or permanent, and is immobilized or insolubilized in the substrate. The mineral compound is bound or contained within and on the surface of the substrate, so it may be said to be ingrained in the fibers or matrix of the substrate, or embedded within the substrate. The desired effect is preferably a color. A wide variety of metal salts may be used depending on the desired effect. The oxygen source is preferably a peroxide, and the substrate is preferably a cellulose product such as wood, cotton, or paper; leather; or masonry. The invention contemplates methods of treating substrates, treatment kits, and treated products. With wood products, the invention provides a water-based stain of low toxicity useful for soft woods.
85	MINERAL STAINS FOR WOOD AND OTHER SUBSTRATES	US12100371	2008-04-09	US20080187668A1	2008-08-07	Stephen B. AUGER
According to the invention, a metal salt and an oxygen source are applied to penetrate or impregnate a suitable substrate sequentially in effective amounts so as to react in contact with the substrate and produce a mineral compound fixed within the surface of the substrate. The inventive combination of a mutually compatible metal salt, oxygen source, and substrate brings about an in situ reaction, and modifies the substrate to bring about a lasting desired effect. The mineral compound that is produced according to the invention is linked to the substrate, is stable and long-lasting or permanent, and is immobilized or insolubilized in the substrate. The mineral compound is bound or contained within and on the surface of the substrate, so it may be said to be ingrained in the fibers or matrix of the substrate, or embedded within the substrate. The desired effect is preferably a color. A wide variety of metal salts may be used depending on the desired effect. The oxygen source is preferably a peroxide, and the substrate is preferably a cellulose product such as wood, cotton, or paper; leather; or masonry. The invention contemplates methods of treating substrates, treatment kits, and treated products. With wood products, the invention provides a water-based stain of low toxicity useful for soft woods.
86	Mineral stains for wood and other substrates	US11818004	2007-06-11	US20070240265A1	2007-10-18	Stephen Auger
According to the invention, a metal salt and an oxygen source are applied to penetrate or impregnate a suitable substrate sequentially in effective amounts so as to react in contact with the substrate and produce a mineral compound fixed within the surface of the substrate. The inventive combination of a mutually compatible metal salt, oxygen source, and substrate brings about an in situ reaction, and modifies the substrate to bring about a lasting desired effect. The mineral compound that is produced according to the invention is linked to the substrate, is stable and long-lasting or permanent, and is immobilized or insolubilized in the substrate. The mineral compound is bound or contained within and on the surface of the substrate, so it may be said to be ingrained in the fibers or matrix of the substrate, or embedded within the substrate. The desired effect is preferably a color. A wide variety of metal salts may be used depending on the desired effect. The oxygen source is preferably a peroxide, and the substrate is preferably a cellulose product such as wood, cotton, or paper; leather; or masonry. The invention contemplates methods of treating substrates, treatment kits, and treated products. With wood products, the invention provides a water-based stain of low toxicity useful for soft woods.
87	Retroreflective inks	US11529719	2006-09-26	US20070071954A1	2007-03-29	Brian Sagar
The combination of ingredients, especially for use in the formulation of a one or two-pack retroreflective ink, comprising retroreflective elements, microbeads additional to said retroreflective elements and/or constituting said retroreflective elements at least in part, binder chemicals for attaching the retroreflective elements and microbeads to a substrate to which the ink is to be applied, and a coupling agent for coupling the microbeads and cross-linking the binder chemicals, the coupling agent being unreactive until the printing process is carried out.
88	Mineral stains for wood and other substrates	US09932976	2001-08-21	US06905520B2	2005-06-14	Stephen B. Auger
According to the invention, a metal salt and an oxygen source are applied to penetrate or impregnate a suitable substrate sequentially in effective amounts so as to react in contact with the substrate and produce a mineral compound fixed within the surface of the substrate. The inventive combination of a mutually compatible metal salt, oxygen source, and substrate brings about an in situ reaction, and modifies the substrate to bring about a lasting desired effect. The mineral compound that is produced according to the invention is linked to the substrate, is stable and long-lasting or permanent, and is immobilized or insolubilized in the substrate. The mineral compound is bound or contained within and on the surface of the substrate, so it may be said to be ingrained in the fibers or matrix of the substrate, or embedded within the substrate. The desired effect is preferably a color. A wide variety of metal salts may be used depending on the desired effect. The oxygen source is preferably a peroxide, and the substrate is preferably a cellulose product such as wood, cotton, or paper; leather; or masonry. The invention contemplates methods of treating substrates, treatment kits, and treated products. With wood products, the invention provides a water-based stain of low toxicity useful for soft woods.
89	Vapor process for mineral dyeing cellulosic fabrics	US491151	1983-05-04	US4445902A	1984-05-01	David A. Yeadon
A vapor process for mineral dyeing cotton textiles is disclosed. Cellulosic fabric is impregnated with a chromium solution, exposed to sulfur dioxide vapors, dried, cured, and washed. The result is a superior process to "pearl gray" mineral dye fabric. Chromium containing salts used in the pad bath are selected from the group consisting of (NH.sub.4).sub.2 Cr.sub.2 O.sub.7 ; K.sub.2 CrO.sub.4 ; (NH.sub.4).sub.2 CrO.sub.4, Na.sub.2 CrO.sub.4 ; Na.sub.2 Cr.sub.2 O.sub.7 ; and K.sub.2 Cr.sub.2 O.sub.7. The pad baths contain from about 3.5% to 5.0% chromium consisting of 40 to 50 parts of a 20 to 28% sodium dichromate dihydrate solution made alkaline with 25 to 50 parts of 10 to 20% sodium hydroxide solution to attain a pH of about 9.6 to 13.0 with about 0.5 parts of wetting agent and 0-30 parts of water. A pad bath comprising about 3 parts of ammonium dichromate, 7.5 parts ammonium carbonate, 0.6 parts zirconyl ammonium carbonate and 0.5 parts wetting agent in about 90 parts water, reacted with about 40 parts concentrated ammonium hydroxide to result in a final pH of about 11, can also be used.
90	Method for marking fabric with erasable color marking composition	US822207	1977-08-05	US4170669A	1979-10-09	Ichiro Okada
A method is provided for color marking wherein a color marking composition is ejected through a hollow needle into each of piled fabric pieces, said composition containing a water dispersion of an acid- and/or base-soluble inorganic pigment, a penetrant, a volatization retardant and an anti-settling agent. The mark obtained by this process is erasable with an appropriate acid or base.
91	Single bath fungicidal chrome-zirconyl acetate mineral dyeing process for cellulosics	US45391074	1974-03-22	US3917446A	1975-11-04	CONNER CHARLES J
The present unique process is based on an acid complex of chromium hydroxydiacetate and zirconyl acetate and a dodecylbenzylfurfuryldimethyl ammonium chloride quaternary, with or without an aliphatic polyether wetting agent. The clear blackish-green bath is stable for days, and decomposes on cellulosics, with heat, to produce a chrome gray-green mineral dyeing along with a quaternary-zirconium fungicide. The process makes it possible to produce a chrome fungicidal mineral dyeing from a single bath zirconyl acetate system, where no alkali is required, and only one bath is required to deposit both dye and fungicide.
92	Turnbull{3 s blue single bath mineral dyeing process (ferri-zirc) for cellulosic textiles	US40497473	1973-10-10	US3895907A	1975-07-22	CONNER CHARLES JAMES
Certain inhibited reducing agents are combined in a single bath with a ferric salt and an alkali metal ferricyanide, which is activated by heat decomposition of the inhibited reducers, to cause reduction of the ferric salt to the ferrous state on the cellulosic, in contact with the ferricyanide, thereby producing Turnbull''s Blue in the cellulosic textile. A zirconium salt is used in the bath to lock the dye to the cellulosic. The resulting uniform pure blue mineral dyeing of cellulose by this single bath process has been defined as the FERRI-ZIRC BLUE PROCESS.
93	Method of dyeing polymers containing nitrile groups and articles made of same	US3790341D	1970-01-12	US3790341A	1974-02-05	KALONTAROV I; REPINA E; MAKHKAMOV K
A method of dyeing polymers containing nitrile groups and articles made from such polymers so as to impart colors thereto ranging from yellow to brown, according to which sulfur is introduced into said polymers and articles made therefrom by treating them with an aqueous solution of hydrosulfuric acid or salts thereof in a neutral medium with a subsequent treatment of said polymers and articles in a weakly acidic medium. Further treatment with a metal salt capable of forming a chelate with the sulfhydryl groups in the dyed polymer imparts decay-resistance, light-fastness, thermal stability and hydrophobic properties.
94	Activated single bath pearl gray chrome green mineral dyeing and composition therefor	US3768965D	1971-08-31	US3768965A	1973-10-30	CONNER C
Conventional ''''pearl gray'''' chrome green mineral dyes require a double decomposition process for depositing green chromium oxide in cellulosics. By forming a unique alkaline complex of a chromic chloride with ammonium oxalate and zirconyl ammonium carbonate, a single dye bath is produced, enabling the dyes to apply the ''''pearl gray'''' chrome green mineral dyeing by a simple pad, dry, cure, and wash procedure. The dyeings are uniform and the cellulosic is not tendered or physically degraded. Not only does this invention reduce processing steps, but it eliminates the conventional problem of tendering resulting from drying the chromic chloride on cellulosics prior to processing through a second bath of soda ash and soap. The invention makes it possible to prepare a modified chromic chloride stock solution that can be used for either the conventional ''''pearl gray'''' processing or the single bath process described above.
95	Use of urea and n-methylol compounds in mineral dyeing of fabric	US3622259D	1970-06-24	US3622259A	1971-11-23	HAMALAINEN CARL; ST HUBERT H; COOPER ALBERT S JR; REEVES WILSON A
A practical mineral dyeing process for imparting to cellulosic textiles the qualities of improved dimensional stability, resistance to actinic degradation, and resistance to microbial degradation is produced. The textiles are simultaneously mineral dyed and treated with N-methylol resin and urea mixtures to minimize the tendering of the textiles which is generally associated with the use of metal chlorides upon overdrying.
96	Method of separating cations from solutions containing the same	US66465267	1967-08-31	US3408291A	1968-10-29	RAINER THOMAS; PAUL WEBER

97	Method of separating cations from solutions containing the same and for incorporating cations into bodies of regenerated cellulose	US46205665	1965-06-07	US3347968A	1967-10-17	RAINER THOMAS; PAUL WEBER

98	Electrical conductor having composite central dielectric member	US27980952	1952-04-01	US2797394A	1957-06-25	CLOGSTON ALBERT M
715,359. Transmission lines. WESTERN ELECTRIC CO., Inc. Feb. 29, 1952 [March 7, 1951], No. 5363/52. Class 40 (8). [Also in Groups XXXVI and XL(c)] Losses due to skin effect are reduced at frequencies within the megacycle range by utilizing a conductor consisting of an assembly of spaced elongated conductive elements insulated from each other and extending parallel to the direction of flow of current, the elements having a transverse dimension which is small compared to the "skin-depth" of a corresponding solid conductor. The skin depth is the distance at which the current or field penetrating into a solid conductor decreases by one neper, i.e. is reduced by a factor 1/ e =.3679.... The invention may be applied to co-axial cables, wave-guides, antennae, coils, parallel cables or to single composite conductors. Fig. 7b shows the invention applied to a co-axial line, the inner and outer conductors of which are made up of alternate laminations of metal 66 and dielectric material 67 separated by a body of dielectric material 63 whose dielectric constant is made equal to # 1 (1+w/t) where # 1 is the dielectric constant of the material 67 and W and t are respectively the thicknesses of the metal layers 66 and dielectric layers 67. Under these conditions the electromagnetic wave propagates in the conductor at a certain critical velocity at which penetration into the conductor is much greater than the penetration into a solid conductor of the same dimensions. In other words, the skin-depth is effectively increased. The core 64 of the inner conductor may be of either metal or dielectric and the outer conductor may be surrounded by a metallic sheath 65. Modifications are described in which the outer or the inner conductor comprises a conventional solid conductor, the other conductor being of the laminated construction of the invention. In a further modification the dielectric 63 is replaced by an air-space or is composed of laminae according to the invention. Fig. 10 shows a waveguide in which two opposite walls 81, 82 are of laminated construction, the other walls 85, 86 being of conductive material. Instead of being in the form of laminae the conductive elements may be in the form of filaments having a diameter which is small compared with the skin depth. In the two-conductor line of Fig. 12 the filaments 101 are embedded in a body of dielectric 103 which may be surrounded by a conductive sheath. The filamented conductor 131 of Fig. 15 is in the form of a coil embedded in a body of dielectric 132. The co-axial lines of the invention may be joined to a conventional dielectric-filled co-axial line 201 in the manner shown in Fig. 23. Where the inner member 64 is of dielectric material, the inner conductor 202 of the line 201 is flared out at its end to make contact with the conductive laminae 66. Where the laminae 66, 67 occupy the whole space between the inner member 64 and the outer sheath 65, the dielectric constant of the material 203 is made equal to the average dielectric constant of the laminated conductor. Specification 616,109, [Group XXXVI], is referred to.
99	Composite wave guide	US28354852	1952-04-22	US2797393A	1957-06-25	CLOGSTON ALBERT M
715,359. Transmission lines. WESTERN ELECTRIC CO., Inc. Feb. 29, 1952 [March 7, 1951], No. 5363/52. Class 40 (8). [Also in Groups XXXVI and XL(c)] Losses due to skin effect are reduced at frequencies within the megacycle range by utilizing a conductor consisting of an assembly of spaced elongated conductive elements insulated from each other and extending parallel to the direction of flow of current, the elements having a transverse dimension which is small compared to the "skin-depth" of a corresponding solid conductor. The skin depth is the distance at which the current or field penetrating into a solid conductor decreases by one neper, i.e. is reduced by a factor 1/ e =.3679.... The invention may be applied to co-axial cables, wave-guides, antennae, coils, parallel cables or to single composite conductors. Fig. 7b shows the invention applied to a co-axial line, the inner and outer conductors of which are made up of alternate laminations of metal 66 and dielectric material 67 separated by a body of dielectric material 63 whose dielectric constant is made equal to # 1 (1+w/t) where # 1 is the dielectric constant of the material 67 and W and t are respectively the thicknesses of the metal layers 66 and dielectric layers 67. Under these conditions the electromagnetic wave propagates in the conductor at a certain critical velocity at which penetration into the conductor is much greater than the penetration into a solid conductor of the same dimensions. In other words, the skin-depth is effectively increased. The core 64 of the inner conductor may be of either metal or dielectric and the outer conductor may be surrounded by a metallic sheath 65. Modifications are described in which the outer or the inner conductor comprises a conventional solid conductor, the other conductor being of the laminated construction of the invention. In a further modification the dielectric 63 is replaced by an air-space or is composed of laminae according to the invention. Fig. 10 shows a waveguide in which two opposite walls 81, 82 are of laminated construction, the other walls 85, 86 being of conductive material. Instead of being in the form of laminae the conductive elements may be in the form of filaments having a diameter which is small compared with the skin depth. In the two-conductor line of Fig. 12 the filaments 101 are embedded in a body of dielectric 103 which may be surrounded by a conductive sheath. The filamented conductor 131 of Fig. 15 is in the form of a coil embedded in a body of dielectric 132. The co-axial lines of the invention may be joined to a conventional dielectric-filled co-axial line 201 in the manner shown in Fig. 23. Where the inner member 64 is of dielectric material, the inner conductor 202 of the line 201 is flared out at its end to make contact with the conductive laminae 66. Where the laminae 66, 67 occupy the whole space between the inner member 64 and the outer sheath 65, the dielectric constant of the material 203 is made equal to the average dielectric constant of the laminated conductor. Specification 616,109, [Group XXXVI], is referred to.
100	Electrical conductor comprising multiplicity of insulated filaments	US28327252	1952-04-21	US2797392A	1957-06-25	CLOGSTON ALBERT M
715,359. Transmission lines. WESTERN ELECTRIC CO., Inc. Feb. 29, 1952 [March 7, 1951], No. 5363/52. Class 40 (8). [Also in Groups XXXVI and XL(c)] Losses due to skin effect are reduced at frequencies within the megacycle range by utilizing a conductor consisting of an assembly of spaced elongated conductive elements insulated from each other and extending parallel to the direction of flow of current, the elements having a transverse dimension which is small compared to the "skin-depth" of a corresponding solid conductor. The skin depth is the distance at which the current or field penetrating into a solid conductor decreases by one neper, i.e. is reduced by a factor 1/ e =.3679.... The invention may be applied to co-axial cables, wave-guides, antennae, coils, parallel cables or to single composite conductors. Fig. 7b shows the invention applied to a co-axial line, the inner and outer conductors of which are made up of alternate laminations of metal 66 and dielectric material 67 separated by a body of dielectric material 63 whose dielectric constant is made equal to # 1 (1+w/t) where # 1 is the dielectric constant of the material 67 and W and t are respectively the thicknesses of the metal layers 66 and dielectric layers 67. Under these conditions the electromagnetic wave propagates in the conductor at a certain critical velocity at which penetration into the conductor is much greater than the penetration into a solid conductor of the same dimensions. In other words, the skin-depth is effectively increased. The core 64 of the inner conductor may be of either metal or dielectric and the outer conductor may be surrounded by a metallic sheath 65. Modifications are described in which the outer or the inner conductor comprises a conventional solid conductor, the other conductor being of the laminated construction of the invention. In a further modification the dielectric 63 is replaced by an air-space or is composed of laminae according to the invention. Fig. 10 shows a waveguide in which two opposite walls 81, 82 are of laminated construction, the other walls 85, 86 being of conductive material. Instead of being in the form of laminae the conductive elements may be in the form of filaments having a diameter which is small compared with the skin depth. In the two-conductor line of Fig. 12 the filaments 101 are embedded in a body of dielectric 103 which may be surrounded by a conductive sheath. The filamented conductor 131 of Fig. 15 is in the form of a coil embedded in a body of dielectric 132. The co-axial lines of the invention may be joined to a conventional dielectric-filled co-axial line 201 in the manner shown in Fig. 23. Where the inner member 64 is of dielectric material, the inner conductor 202 of the line 201 is flared out at its end to make contact with the conductive laminae 66. Where the laminae 66, 67 occupy the whole space between the inner member 64 and the outer sheath 65, the dielectric constant of the material 203 is made equal to the average dielectric constant of the laminated conductor. Specification 616,109, [Group XXXVI], is referred to.

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