Method for separating hydrocarbons especially aromatic hydrocarbons and installations therefor
阅读：685发布：2023-10-20
专利汇可以提供Method for separating hydrocarbons especially aromatic hydrocarbons and installations therefor专利检索，专利查询，专利分析的服务。并且The method and installation are for the enrichment of one of the constituents of an initial mixture containing at least two hydrocarbons, especially with neighboring boiling points, and of which one at least possesses mobile hydrogens. Fractional distillation of this mixture is effected in contact with a phase containing an organo-metallic compound derived from a compound having itself mobile hydrogens and in which the metallic atoms are substituted in reversible manner for these mobile hydrogens. The vapor phase enriched in the hydrocarbon of the initial mixture which has the least affinity for metallic atoms is collected and an unvaporised phase enriched in the hydrocarbon of the initial mixture which has the most affinity for metallic atoms in partially metalled form is also produced. The affinity of the hydrocarbons concerned for the metallic atoms varies sometimes considerably from one hydrocarbon to the other and from one isomer to the other. By conducting operations continuously and in countercurrent in a distillation column relatively few stages suffice to obtain efficient separation of the hydrocarbons. The transmetallation reactions are facilitated by basic catalysts such as tertiary amines and chelating polyamines.，下面是Method for separating hydrocarbons especially aromatic hydrocarbons and installations therefor专利的具体信息内容。
1. METHOD OF ENRICHING ONE OF THE CONSTITUENTS OF AN INITIAL MIXTURE CONTAINING AT LEAST TWO HYDROCARBONS, AND OF WHICH AT LEAST ONE POSSESSES A REPLACEABLE HYDROGEN ATOM MORE READLIY REPLACEABLE BY A METAL OF AN ORGANOMETALLIC COMPOUND THAN A HYDROGEN ATOM OF THE OTHER HYDROCARBON, COMPRISING FRACTIONALLY DISTILLING SAID MIXTURE IN CONTACT WITH SUCH AN ORGANOMETALLIC COMPOUND HAVING A METAL ATOM WHICH PREFERENTIALLY REPLACES A REPLACEABLE HYDROGEN ATOM ON ONE OF SAID HYDROCARBONS, SAID METAL ATOM BEING SUBSTITUTED IN A CHEMICALLY REVERISIBLE MANNER FOR SAID REPLACEMENT HYDROGEN ATOMS, EFFECTING REPLACMENT OF AT LEAST ONE HYDROGEN ATOM OF SAID HYDROCARBON WHOSE HYDROGEN ATOM IS MORE READLY REPLACED BY SAID METAL ATOM WITH SAID METAL ATOM, AND COLLECTING VAPOR PHASE DISTILLATE ENRICHED IN THE HYDROCARBON OF THE INITIAL MIXTURE WHICH HAS THE LEAST AFFINITY FOR SAID METAL AND AN UNVAPORIZED BOTTOMS PHASE ENRICHED IN THE HYDROCARBON OF THE INITIAL MIXTURE WHICH HAS THE MOST AFFINITY FOR SAID METAL ATOM IN A PARTIALLY METALLATED FORM.
2. Method according to claim 1, wherein the compound with mobile hydrogens from which the abovesaid organo-metallic compound is derived has an affinity for the corresponding metal less than that of at least one of the abovesaid hydrocarbons and is constituted by a liquid whose boiling point is higher than those of the hydrocarbons to be separated.
3. Method according to claim 1, wherein said unvaporised phase is subjected in its turn to fractional distillation to collect in the vapor phase the abovesaid hydrocarbon which has most affinity for metallic atoms of the initial mixture in its unmetallated form.
4. Method according to claim 1, wherein one at least of the constituents of the mixture to be separated is constituted by an aromatic hydrocarbon.
5. Method according to claim 4, wherein the mixture contains at least two hydrocarbons of the group o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene and ethylbenzene.
6. Method according to claim 1, wherein said organo-metallic compound are is an organo alkali compounds derived from an aromatic hydrocarbon or from an aromatic tertiary amine, the metal substituting one hydrogen of the aromatic nucleus of the amine.
7. Method according to claim 6, wherein said organo-metallic compounds are organo-alkali compounds derived from N,N-dimethylaniline, the atoms of alkali metals being substituted for hydrogen atoms of its nucleus.
8. Method according to claim 6, wherein said organo-metallic compounds are organo-alkali compounds derived from isopropylbenzene or from isobutylbenzene.
9. Method according to claim 6, wherein said organo-metallic compounds are organo-alkali compounds derived from trimethyl-1,2, 4 benzene, from trimethyl-1,2,3 benzene or from trimethyl-1,3,5 benzene.
10. Method according to claim 1, wherein the organo-metallic compound which is brought into contact with the mixture of hydrocarbons to be separated is in the form of a dispersion a solvent substantially unable to undergo metallation itself and resistant to the action of the organo-metallic compounds.
11. Method according to claim 10, wherein said solvent is constituted by a saturated hydrocarbon or by an aromatic hydrocarbon such as cumene, isobutylbenzene, tertiobutylbenzene or diisopropylbenzene.
12. Method according to claim 10, wherein said solvent is constituted by an aromatic tertiary amine such as N,N-dimethylaniline or N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine.
13. Method according to claim 1, wherein the phase containing the organo-metallic compound which is brought into contact with the mixture of hydrocarbons to be separated is constituted by a solution or a dispersion of this organo-metallic compound in an excess of the compound with mobile hydrogens from which it is derived.
14. Method according to claim 10, wherein said dispersion also contains a basic catalyst constituted by a tertiary amine in which the groups fixed to the nitrogen atom are alkyl or cyclo-alkyl groups.
15. Method according to claim 14, wherein the tertiary amine is a tertiary monoamine such as triethylamine, tripropylamine, tribuTylamine, N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine or a bridged amine such as triethylenediamine or quinuclidine.
16. Method according to claim 10, wherein the dispersion contains a chelating agent constituted by a polyamine in which the amine groups are tertiary and the hydrocarbon groups fixed on their nitrogen atoms or connecting the latter are saturated, the nitrogen atoms of at least two of these amines being sufficiently close to one another to permit the formation of chelates with the metallic atoms of the abovesaid organo-metallic compound.
17. Method according to claim 16, wherein the chelating agent is constituted by a diamine selected from the group consisting of N, N,N'',N''-tetraalkyl-ethylenediamine, N,N,N'',N''-tetraalkyl-1,2-diaminocyclohexane, the alkyl groups being selected from the groups methyl, ethyl, propyl and butyl,
18. Method according to claim 17, wherein the chelating agent is constituted by N,N,N'',N''-tetramethyl-1,2-diaminocyclohexane.
19. Method according to claim 16, wherein the chelating agent is constituted by a polyamine of the general formula:
20. Method according to claim 19, wherein the chelating agent is constituted by one of the polyamines of the following formulae: (CH3)2 N-C2H4-N(CH3)-C2H4-N(CH3)2 (CH3)2 N-C2H4-N(CH3)-C2H4-N(CH3)-C2H4-N(CH3)2
21. Method according to claim 6, wherein in addition to said organometallic compound having replaceable metal atom, the hydrocarbon mixture contacts an organometallic compound of the formula Mg(R)2, Zn(R)2 or Al(R)3 in which R is an alkyl or aryl group.
22. Method according to claim 2 to produce the fractionation of said mixture of hydrocarbons, wherein the placing in contact of the initial mixture to be separated with the phase containing said organo-metallic compound is effected in several stages in countercurrent in a distillation column, the organo-metallic compound being introduced into the column, at a sufficient number of stages above the intake point of the mixture to be fractionated for the vapor phase obtained at the level of the intake point of the organo-metallic compound to be substantially free of the hydrocarbon which has greatest affinity for metallic atoms and at a number of stages below the top of the column sufficient to enable the practically complete separation of the hydrocarbon with the least affinity for metallic atoms.
23. Method according to claim 22, wherein said unvaporised phase withdrawn at the base of the first abovesaid column, is subjected, in a separate second distillation column, to another fractional distillation to collect the said hydrocarbon which has most affinity for metallic atoms of the initial mixture in the vapor phase and in its unmetallated form.
24. Method according to claim 23, wherein the phase withdrawn from the lower portion of said second column is recycled into said first column, at the intake point for the phase containing said organo-metallic compound.
25. Method according to claim 2 for effecting the fractionation of said mixture of hydrocarbons, wherein the placing in contact of this mixture with the phase containing said organo-metallic compound is effected in several stages and in countercurrent in a first distillation column operating under partial vacuum, the phase containing the abovesaid organo-metallic compound being introduced into the upper portion of this first column and the mixture of hydrocarbons being introduced into this first column at a point situated below this upper portion at a sufficient number of stages for the vapor phase obtained at the head of the column to be practically free of the hydrocarbon of the initial mixture which has the most affinity for metallic atoms, collecting and condensing this vapor phase, proceding to a fractional distillation of at least a portion of the condensate in a second column operating at atmospheric pressure to collect at the head the hydrocarbon which has the least affinity for metallic atoms, and vaporising and recycling a portion at least of the tail products of this second column in the lower portion of the first column.
26. Method according to claim 25, wherein the unvaporised phase withdrawn from the lower portion of the abovesaid first column is introduced into the upper portion of a third column operating under partial vacuum and placing in contact, in countercurrent in this column, with a phase containing the compound with free mobile hydrogens from which said organo-metallic compound is derived, collecting and condensing the vapor phase obtained at the head of the column, proceding to a fractional distillation of at least a portion of the condensate in a fourth column operating at atmospheric pressure, to collect at the head the hydrocarbon which has most affinity for metallic atoms in the vapor phase and in its unmetallated form, and recycling a portion at least of the tail products from the fourth column into the upper portion of the third column.
27. Method according to claim 26, wherein the unvaporised phase withdrawn from the lower portion of the third column is recycled into the upper portion of the first column.
28. Method according to claim 1, wherein said organo-metallic compound is derived from a mobile hydrogen compound which possesses an affinity for the corresponding metal higher than those of the hydrocarbons to be separated and is constituted by a liquid whose boiling point is lower than those of these hydrocarbons.
29. Method according to claim 28, wherein said placing in contact is effected in several steps in countercurrent in a fractionating column, collecting and condensing the vapor phase obtained at the head of the column, and proceding to a fractional distillation of a portion at least of the condensate to collect said hydrocarbon to be separated.
30. Method according to claim 29, wherein the unvaporised phase withdrawn from the base of said column is subjected to a fractional distillation in a second fractionating column, in the presence of an excess of said mobile hydrogen compound sufficient to entrain in the vapor phase the hydrocarbon of the initial mixture which has most affinity for metallic atoms, collecting the vapor phase, condensing a portion at least of this vapor phase and subjecting it to fractional distillation to separate said last mentioned hydrocarbon.
31. Method according to claim 28, wherein said organo-metallic compound is constituted by benzyl-sodium.
32. Method according to claim 22, wherein said organo-metallic compound is constituted by an organo-lithium, organo-sodium or organo-potassium compound.
33. Method according to claim 22, wherein said phase containing the organo-metallic compound is introduced into said first fractionating column in the form of a dispersion or of a solution in a solvent substantially unable itself to undergo metallation and resistant to the action of the abovesaid organo-metallic compounds.
34. Method according to claim 22, wherein said phase containing the organo-metallic compounds contains also a chelating agent constituted by a diamine selected from the group consisting of N, N,N'',N''-tetraalkyl-ethylenediamine, N,N,N'',N''-tetraalkyl-1,2-diaminocyclohexane, the alkyl groups selected being the methyl, ethyl, propyl or butyl groups.
35. Method according to claim 34, wherein said chelating agent is constituted by N,N,N'',N''-tetramethyl-1,2-diaminocyclohexane.
36. Method according to claim 22, wherein said phase containing the organo-metallic compound contains also a chelating agent constituted by a polyamine of the general formula:
37. Method according to claim 21, wherein said organometallic compound is in the form of a dispersion which contains an additional organo-metallic compound of the formula: Mg(R)2, Zn(R)2 or Al(R)3 in which R is an alkyl or aryl group.
38. Method according to claim 1, wherein said organo-metallic compound is an organo-alkali compound selected from the group consisting of an organo-lithium, an organo-sodium and an organo-potassium compound.
39. Method according to claim 1 wherein the organo-metallic compound which is brought into contact with the mixture of hydrocarbons to be separated is in the form of a solution in a solvent substantially unable to undergo metallation itself and resistent to the action of the organo-metallic compounds.
40. Method according to claim 21 wherein said organo-metallic compound is in the form of a solution which contained an additional organo-metallic compound of the formula Mg(R)2, Zn(R)2 or Al(R)3 in which R is an alkyl or aryl group.
41. Method according to claim 1 wherein said organo-metallic compound is contacted by said mixture of hydrocarbons in the presence of a basic catalyst constituted by a tertiary amine in which the groups fixed to the nitrogen atom are alkyl or cyclo-alkyl groups.
42. Method according to claim 41 wherein the tertiary amine is a tertiary monoamine such as triethylamine, tripropylamine, tributylamine, N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine or a bridged amine such as triethylenediamine or quinuclidine.
43. Method according to claim 1 wherein in addition to the organo-metallic compound present in the distillation zone there is a chelating agent constituted by a polyamine in which the amine groups are tertiary and the hydrocarbon groups fixed on the nitrogen atoms or connecting the latter are saturated, the nitrogen atoms of at least two of these amines being sufficiently close to one another to permit the formation of chelates with the metallic atoms of said organo-metallic compound.
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