Interrelated controls for gearing, clutch, brakes and engine
阅读：506发布：2022-01-25
专利汇可以提供Interrelated controls for gearing, clutch, brakes and engine专利检索，专利查询，专利分析的服务。并且An automatic gear change system for automatically actuating gear shift devices of a stepped change speed gear box of a motorvehicle provided with a clutch means comprises a central control device; means for monitoring input and output speeds of the stepped change-speed gear box during synchronous running of input and output transmission shafts to be coupled to each other; and synchronizing aids for expediting synchronous running of the two transmission shafts. The control device includes a synchronizing circuit arrangement producing digital control signals during super-synchronous, sub-synchronous and substantially synchronous running of the two transmission shafts, and further includes switching logic means comprising digitally operating switching and gating circuits which actuate the synchronizing aids, gear shift devices and the clutch means. The synchronizing circuit arrangement advantageously uses two Schmitt triggers having different response and fallout thresholds.，下面是Interrelated controls for gearing, clutch, brakes and engine专利的具体信息内容。
1. An automatic gear change system for automatically actuating gear-shift devices of a stepped change-speed gear box of an engine driven motor vehicle having a clutch means at an input shaft of the gear box, comprising: monitoring means for measuring input and output speeds of the stepped change-speed gear box to facilitate synchronous running of input and output transmission shafts to be coupled to each other, synchronizing aid means controlled by said monitoring means and provided for expediting synchronous running of said transmission shafts, said synchronizing aid means including A fuel regulator for controlling the engine speed during a gear changing operation, and engine brake, and another brake for directly braking a transmission shaft; a central control device producing commands for actuating of said gear shift devices from measured variables of said input and output speeds and including a synchronizing circuit arrangement producing digital control signals during super-synchronous, sub-synchronous and substantially synchronous running of the transmission shafts, and further including switching logic means comprising digitally operating switching and gating circuits, which selectively actuate said synchronizing aid means, gear shift devices and clutch means.
2. A system as claimed in claim 1, in which the synchronizing circuit arrangement includes two Schmitt triggers having different response and fall-out thresholds, means for producing variable signals whose values are indicative of the gear box input speed and the gear box output speed and for feeding said speed signals with opposite polarity to the input of each of the two Schmitt triggers, and matching means for matching the input and output speed signals in accordance with a gear to be engaged to bring them into a common range for comparison, said digital control signals being derived from the outputs of said Schmitt triggers.
3. A system as claimed in claim 2, which includes means whereby the two speed signals are transformed by a process including multiplication and addition to bring them into a common range before summing on the Schmitt triggers.
4. A system as claimed in claim 3, in which the matching means include an operational amplifier for each speed signal, and in which each operational amplifier comprises a differential amplifier having non-inverting and inverting inputs and serving to impart opposite polarities to said signals and to match the signals to one another in accordance with the gear to be engaged.
5. A system as claimed in claim 4 in which the matching means include voltage dividers associated with the individual speeds and means to selectively connect the voltage dividers to an input of the differential amplifier in accordance with the gear to be engaged.
6. A system as claimed in claim 2 in which the output signal of one of the two Schmitt triggers of the synchronizing circuit arrangement is inverted, and in which an OR gate is connected to the inverted output signal of the one Schmitt trigger and to the output of the other Schmitt trigger, whereby said digital control signals comprise the inverted output signal of said one Schmitt trigger, the output signal of the other Schmitt trigger and the output signal of the OR gate.
7. A system as claimed in claim 2, in which said means for producing variable signals indicative of the gear box input and output speeds comprise pulse generators with a pulse output train whose pulse frequency is proportional to speed, a monostable trigger circuit connected to each pulse generator and smoothing circuits comprising a low-pass filter for smoothing the output voltages of the monostable trigger circuits so that a direct current voltage proportional to the rotational speed may be taken from an output of each low-pass filter as the respective speed signal.
8. A system as claimed in claim 7, in which each said pulse generator comprises a toothed wheel and a proximity detector adapted to sense peripheral teeth of a respective toothed wheel.
9. A system as claimed in claim 7, in which said control device includes a pulse generator-failure safety device adapted to prevent a gear change operation in the event of failure of one of said pulse generators.
10. A system as claimed in claim 9 in which said pulse generator failure safety device comprises two pulse generator failure detectors, one connected to the output of each pulse generator, and gating circuitry connected to the outputs of the two pulse generator failure detectors, and circuit means adapted so that an output signal of said gating Circuitry indicates a pulse generator failure and thereupon blocks a gear shift operation.
11. A system as claimed in claim 10, in which each pulse generator failure detector includes in a first branch the series combination of a delay circuit and a first Schmitt trigger, and in a second branch connected in parallel with the first branch a series combination of a second Schmitt trigger and an inverting stage and a NOR gate with two inputs, further characterized in that an input of the delay circuit and the input of the second Schmitt trigger are interconnected to form an input of a respective pulse generator failure detector device, the response threshold of said first Schmitt trigger being greater than the response threshold of said second Schmitt trigger, and the outputs of first Schmitt trigger and the inverting stage being connected respectively to the two inputs of the NOR gate on whose output appears a pulse upon detection of a pulse generator failure.
12. A system as claimed in claim 11, in which the response thresholds of said first and second Schmitt triggers and the time constant of the delay circuit are so chosen that an output signal is produced only at a predetermined rate of change of a falling input voltage at said respective detector input.
13. A system as claimed in claim 12, in which said control device includes a change-down blocking trigger stage for preventing a change-down in circumstances wherein the automobile engine would have to be over-sped to achieve synchronization during change-down.
14. A system as claimed in claim 13 in which the change-down blocking trigger stage comprises a Schmitt trigger adapted to be triggered by a speed signal to produce an output signal for blocking a change-down operation in the gear box, the speed signal being dependent upon the anticipated speed of the engine upon change to a lower gear and the response threshold of the Schmitt trigger of the change-down blocking trigger stage being such that the Schmitt trigger is triggered when said anticipated speed reaches substantially the maximum speed of the engine.
15. A system as claimed in claim 14 including means for setting the response threshold of the last-mentioned Schmitt trigger of the change-down blocking trigger stage in accordance with a gear preselected, said speed signal being indicative of the gear box output speed.
16. A system as claimed in claim 15 in which switching transistors are provided for setting the response threshold of the last-mentioned Schmitt trigger of the change-down blocking trigger stage and are adapted to connect to the input of the Schmitt trigger a respective voltage divider which determines the response threshold of the Schmitt trigger of the change-down blocking trigger stage for each preselected gear.
17. A system as claimed in claim 16 in which the switching logic includes a selector switch position memory, a selector switch, and means interconnecting the two for storing gear change command signals as given by the selector switch.
18. A system as claimed in claim 17, comprising a mounting direction switching circuit, in which the selector switch position memory comprises bistable trigger stages forming a counter, each trigger stage having two complementary outputs, either of the two outputs of one bistable trigger stage being selectively connectible to the next following bistable trigger stage by means of the counting direction switching circuit.
19. A system as claimed in claim 18, comprising a decoding circuit, and gate circuits of the type of AND or NOR, in which the outputs of the bistable trigger stages forming the counter are connected to the decoding circuit which has a separate output terminal for each possible gear and wherein the number of said NOR gates or AND gates corresponds to the number of possible gears, each NOR gate or AND gate having a number of inputs corresponding to the number of trigger stages in the counter and connected to appropriate outputs of Such trigger stages.
20. A system as claimed in claim 19 which includes blocking circuits and in which the selector switch position memory has an input for pulses for signalling a shift to a higher gear and an input for pulses for signalling a shift to a lower gear and in which said pulse inputs are connected to the counter by way of said blocking circuits which are connected to the decoding circuit and which serve to block a forward counting step in the counter beyond top gear and to block a backward counting step from a bottom gear.
21. A system as claimed in claim 20 which comprises negaters and an OR gate in which each of said blocking circuits comprises a NOR gate, the pulse inputs for gear shift being connected to first inputs of such NOR gates by way of respective negaters and the decoder output terminals for top and bottom gear being connected respectively to second inputs of such NOR gates and the outputs of the two NOR gates being connected to the counter by way of said OR circuit.
22. A system as claimed in claim 18, in which a monostable trigger stage, whose input is adapted to receive the gear-shift commands for changing to a higher gear or to a lower gear, is provided for triggering the first of the trigger stages forming the counter.
23. A system as claimed in claim 18 in which said counting direction switching circuit includes a change-over switch having two control inputs and two change-over outputs, each control input being adapted for switching the associated change-over output from logic 0 to logic 1 or vice versa, and in which one of the change-over outputs, for the purpose of effecting backward counting, is connected to first inputs of respective NOR gates each arranged between two bistable trigger stages of the counter second inputs of which NOR gates are connected by way of respective negaters to the output of the preceding bistable trigger stage, and the outputs of the NOR gates are connected respectively to first inputs of further NOR gates whose outputs are connected to the next following bistable trigger stage, and the other of said change-over outputs, for the purpose of effecting forward counting is connected via respective NOR gates similarly arranged between the bistable trigger stage to respective second inputs of said further NOR gates.
24. A system as claimed in claim 23, in which said change-over switch comprises a bistable trigger stage which is controllable only by means of setting input signals at its control inputs.
25. A system as claimed in claim 18 in which means are provided for setting the bistable trigger stages of the counter at zero automatically responsively to the switching on of the supply voltage for the entire control device.
26. A system as claimed in claim 17 in which the switching logic contains a gear box position memory for storing a signal indicative of the actual gear engaged in the gear box.
27. A system as claimed in claim 26 which includes gear box position switches, and in which the gear box position memory has inputs which are connectable to said gear box position switches which are located on the gear box, and outputs which comprise a signal and its inverted signal for each gear.
28. A system as claimed in claim 27, in which the gear box position memory contains a bistable trigger stage for each gear box position switch, one input of each bistable trigger stage being connectable to the respective gear box position switch, and the other inputs of the trigger stages being connected to the outputs of respective NOR gates and in which one input of each NOR gate is connectible to a gear box position switch and its other input is connected to a common lead which is itself connected to the output of a further NOR gate having one input for each gear box position switch and connectible thereto.
29. A system as claimed in claim 26 in which the switching logic includes a change-down monitoring circuit having logic circuitry, whose input signals comprise the outPut signals of the gear box and selector switch position memories and whose output signals indicate whether a change-down operation exists and can be carried out by reason of the travelling state, all permissible change-down conditions relating to the gear box position and the selector switch position being simulated by means of the logic circuitry in the change-down monitoring circuit.
30. A system as claimed in claim 29, which includes means connecting the output of the change-down blocking trigger stage to an input of the change-down monitoring circuit.
31. A system as claimed in claim 29 in which the change-down monitoring circuit is adapted to initiate at its output, when the gear box is in the neutral position, the apparance of a signal which enables a change-down operation to be effected.
32. A system as claimed in claim 31, in which the change-down monitoring circuit comprises a plurality of NOR gates so arranged and interconnected as to combine the input signals from the gear box and selector switch position memories to produce a predetermined pattern of output signals.
33. A system as claimed in claim 29, in which the switching logic further includes a gear-shift command generating circuit adapted to compare the position of the gear box position memory with the positions of the selector switch position memory for each gear and to block the production of gear-shift commands in dependence upon at least the output signal of the change-down monitoring circuit.
34. A system as claimed in claim 33 in which the gear-shift command generating circuit includes for each speed a NOR gate whose input signals are the positions of the gear box and selector switch position memories, and whose outputs together with at least the output of the change-down monitoring circuit are connected to an OR gate on the output of which appears information for carrying out the gear-shift command at the gear box.
35. A system as claimed in claim 34 in which the switching logic includes a gear-shift preselector stage whose input is connectible to a selector switch and whose output is connected to the gear-shift command generating circuit.
36. A system as claimed in claim 35, in which the gear-shift preselector stage includes a first OR gate whose inputs are connected to contacts of the selector switch for initiating a change to a higher gear and to a lower gear, and a second OR gate whose inputs are connected to a contact of the selector switch for initiating a change to the neutral position and to a preselection release contact.
37. A system as claimed in claim 36, in which the switching logic includes a starter blocking device which is responsive to signals indicative of the neutral positions of the gear box selector switch position memories, and to signals indicative of the position of the clutch, as ascertained by position contacts, for producing a signal for preventing operation of the engine starter except in appropriate circumstances.
38. A system as claimed in claim 37 for a vehicle with a clutch pedal which has a foot-operated contact for detecting when the clutch pedal is depressed and with a clutch which has a clutch position contact for detecting when the clutch is disengaged, in which said starter blocking device comprises a first NOR gate the inputs of which are connected to receive signals indicative of the neutral positions of the gear box and selector switch position memories, a second NOR gate with connecting means to connect inputs thereof to said pedal and clutch contacts, and a third NOR gate whose inputs are connected to the outputs of the first and second NOR gates and whose output provides the output signal of the starter blocking device.
39. A system as claimed in claim 1 for a vehicle, whose gear box includes hydraulic means for gear operation, said hydraulic means including a hydraulically operating gear-shift device having a hydraulic circuit supplied with hydraulic fluid by a pump unit, and in which said system includes a Pressure switch for indicating a loss of pressure from the hydraulic circuit.
40. A system as claimed in claim 33 for a vehicle whose gear box comprises hydraulic means for gear operation, said hydraulic means including a hydraulically operating gear shift device provided with a pressurized hydraulic operating circuit fitted with hydraulic control valves and a pressure switch responsive to a pressure loss therein, in which said system further includes a pressure failure memory means having an output signal and inputs connectible to said pressure switch and to a clutch position contact for operating when the clutch is engaged, and having a further input connected to an output of the gear-shift command generating circuit, the output signal of said pressure failure memory means serving to prevent said hydraulic control valves from being operated.
41. A system as claimed in claim 40 in which the pressure failure memory means comprises a NOR gate whose first input is connected via a negater to the output of the gear-shift command generating circuit and whose second input is connected to another negater whose input is connectible to said clutch position switch for clutch engaged, and a bistable trigger stage a first of whose inputs is connected to the output of the NOR gate and a second of whose inputs is connectible to the pressure switch.
42. A system as claimed in claim 33 for a vehicle with a gear box having a hydraulically operating gear-shift device for engaging the individual gears, comprising: a disengaging valve which when actuated puts the gear box into the neutral position, gear-shift valves for engaging the individual gears, and in which the switching logic includes a gear-change circuit having inputs which are connected to the outputs of the selector switch position memory and the gear-shift command generating circuit for controlling the disengaging valve and the gear-shift valves.
43. A system as claimed in claim 42 in which outputs of the pulse generator are also connected to inputs of the gear change circuit which has a further input adapted to receive signals indicative of actuation of the clutch.
44. A system as claimed in claim 43, in which the gear-change circuit contains gate means to combine: the signals indicative of the state of the generator failure safety device, the state of the pressure failure memory, the position of the clutch, and the state of the gear-shift command generating circuit, so that the disengaging valve is actuated only when actuation thereof is admissible.
45. A system as claimed in claim 44 in which the switching logic is adapted to produce a first clutching signal for actuating the clutch and a second clutching signal for a clutching operation during a change-down operation, and in which the gear change circuit further contains a NOR gate whose inputs are connected to receive said clutching signals and whose output is connected to a further NOR gate together with the outputs of the generator failure safety device, the pressure failure memory and the gear-shift command generating circuit, the disengaging valve being connected to the output of said further NOR gate.
46. A system as claimed in claim 42 in which the gear-change circuit includes a timer for maintaining the gear-shift valves in their energized states longer than the disengaging valve.
47. A system as claimed in claim 46, in which the timer comprises a monostable trigger switch whose input is connected to the input for the disengaging valve by way of a negater and whose output is connected to a first input of a NOR gate a second input of which is also connected to the input for the disengaging valve.
48. A system as claimed in claim 47, in which the gear-change circuit includes a gear-shift valve control device which comprises an OR gate whose input signals constitute the output signals of the pressure failure memory and the timer, the output signal of an intermediate memory serving to prolong the neutral signal of the gear box positioN memory and the synchronous running signal, and whose output is connected to first inputs of NOR gates for controlling the individual gear-shift valves whose second inputs are connected to respective outputs of the selector switch position memory for the selected gears.
49. A system as claimed in claim 48 in which said intermediate memory comprises a bistable trigger stage, one setting input of which is connected to the output of the timer and the other setting input of which is connected to the output of a NOR gate whose inputs comprise the output of the gear-shift command generating circuit, the negated input for the disengaging valve, and the negated neutral signal of the gear box position memory.
50. A system as claimed in claim 1 in which the clutch means is hydraulically actuated and in which the switching logic means includes a clutch actuating circuit for controlling a hydraulic valve for rapidly operating the clutch and a hydraulic valve for slow engagement of the clutch.
51. A system as claimed in claim 50 in which the clutch actuating circuit contains a first NOR gate, whose output controls the hydraulic valve for rapidly operating the clutch and whose inputs are connected to the generator failure safety device, a clutch foot-operated contact, the pressure failure memory, the gear-shift command generating circuit, a signal source for reengagement of the clutch during change to a lower gear and a signal source for indicating whether the vehicle is moving, and a second NOR gate whose output controls a hydraulic valve for slow engagement of the clutch and whose inputs are connected to the output of the first NOR gate, the clutch foot-operated contact, the pressure failure memory, the output of the selector switch position memory for the neutral signal, a clutch position contact and the signal source for re-engagement of the clutch during change to a lower gear.
52. A system as claimed in claim 51 including a timer in which the output of the second NOR gate is connected to the timer whose output provides a delayed signal after the signal appears at the output of the second NOR gate, the output of the timer being connectible to the hydraulic valve for slowly actuating the clutch.
53. A system as claimed in claim 1 in which the synchronizing aids include at least one of a lay shaft brake and an engine brake and also include an engine accelerating device, in which the switching logic means includes a synchronizing aids control circuit adapted to control the synchronizing aids in dependence upon synchronizing signals, signals for the neutral position of the gear box and clutch position signals, whereby the lay shaft brake and the engine brake, as the case may be, are actuated when changing to a higher gear and the engine accelerating device is actuated when changing to a lower gear.
54. A system as claimed in claim 1, in which the automobile engine is fitted with a fuel regulator, and in which the switching logic includes a synchronizing aids control circuit adapted to so control the fuel regulator during a gear change operation that, irrespective of the position of the accelerator pedal, the speed of the engine is reduced when changing to a higher gear and increased when changing to a lower gear.
55. A system as claimed in claim 54, wherein the fuel regulator is an electronic fuel regulator for regulating the fuel quantity delivered to the engine.
56. A system as claimed in claim 53 in which the synchronizing circuit contains a NOR gate whose output signal serves to control the lay shaft and whose inputs comprise the neutral signal of the selector switch position memory, negated super-synchronous and sub-synchronous running signals of the synchronizing circuit arrangement, the output signal of the gear-shift command generating circuit, the system also including means for producing a negated signal indicative of the clutch being disengaged, and means for producing a signal for signalling the clutch to re-engage during change to a lower geAr.
57. A system as claimed in claim 56 in which said synchronizing aids control circuit includes said means for producing a signal for signalling the clutch to re-engage during change to a lower gear, which means comprises a bistable trigger stage at whose output such signal appears and which serves as an intermediate memory, the input of said intermediate memory being connected the output of a NOR gate to whose inputs are connected the output of the gear-shift command generating circuit, the neutral signal output of the gear box position memory, and the negated super-synchronous and sub-synchronous running signal outputs of the syncrhonizing circuit arrangement, and the reset input of said intermediate memory being connected to an output of an OR gate whose inputs are connected to the synchronous running signal output of the synchronizing circuit arrangement, the output signal of the gear-shift command generating circuit, and a signal output adapted to indicate movement of the vehicle.
58. A system as claimed in claim 57 in which the synchronizing aids control circuit includes a NOR gate whose output serves to control the engine brake and whose inputs are connected to the neutral signal output of the selector switch memory, the output of the gear-shift command generating circuit, the synchronous running signal output of the synchronizing circuit arrangement, a signal output adapted to indicate movement of the vehicle, and a negated signal output adapted to indicate that the clutch is disengaged.
59. A system as claimed in claim 58, in which the synchronizing aids control circuit is adapted to produce a signal for preventing the engine brake from being arbitrarily actuated by the driver during a gear change operation.
60. A system as claimed in claim 58 in which the synchronizing aids control circuit includes a negater for negating the output signal of the gear-shift command generating circuit to produce a signal for preventing the engine brake from being arbitrarily actuated by the driver during a gear change operation.
61. A system as claimed in claim 60 for a vehicle whose engine is fitted with an electronic fuel regulator, in which the synchronizing aids control circuit is adapted to produce two signals for the electronic fuel regulator, the first of which signals serves to initiate an increase in the speed of the automobile engine irrespective of the position of the accelerator pedal, and the second of which serves to effect a decrease in the speed of the engine when the first signal is simultaneously present.
62. A system as claimed in claim 61 in which the synchronizing aids control circuit includes an OR gate whose output provides the first signal for the electronic fuel regulator one input of which is the signal output for actuating the engine brake and another input of which is the output of a NOR gate to whose inputs are connected the neutral signal output of the selector switch position memory, the output of the gear-shift command generating stage, the negated sub-synchronous running signal output of the synchronizing circuit arrangement, and the output of a further NOR gate, whose inputs are connected to the signal output for re-engaging the clutch when changing to a lower gear and a signal output for indicating that the clutch is disengaged.
63. A system as claimed in claim 62 in which the synchronizing aids control circuit is adapted to control a switching device which serves to render arbitrary actuation of the accelerator pedal and the clutch pedal by the driver ineffective and to render the vehicle control fully automatic during gear change.
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