Ballooned, stol aircraft
阅读：451发布：2023-12-27
专利汇可以提供Ballooned, stol aircraft专利检索，专利查询，专利分析的服务。并且A winged aircraft, adapted to takeoff and land with its longitudinal axis at a steep angle of inclination to a horizontal plane, comprising: aerostatic structure having a center of lift forward of and above a plane thru the center of gravity that tends to turn the craft into the said steep angle; a controllable-thrust stern-elevating propeller in a wind channel, having a lift rearward of the center of gravity that in horizontal flight balances the torque of the aerostatic structure; landing gear near the stern and forward of its rearmost end that supports the inclined craft on its after end when on the ground (or water when floats are used); and a forward pivoted plane that provides additional lift and balances the unusually large (maximum) torque of the stern-elevating propeller in takeoff and landing. The craft is preferably very long - like the dirigibles of the 1930''s in length; and the resilient, inflated tubes of its load-carrying body are preferably flatended, inflated with helium at high pressure, and comprise strong, flexible material that will bend without fracture in unusual, dangerous, extreme turbulence while underway.，下面是Ballooned, stol aircraft专利的具体信息内容。
1. A winged vehicle, adapted to move thru the atmosphere, capable of taking off and landing with a steep angle of attack of its wing means, comprising: a load-holding body; aerostatic means, connected to the said body, comprising skin means and lighter-than-air gas within the skin means having a center of lift that is forward of a plane that contains the center of gravity of the body and is normal to its longitudinal axis and above a plane that Is parallel to said axis and contains the center of gravity, exerting a torque about the center of gravity tending to raise the forward part of the vehicle above its stern and to incline its longitudinal axis at a maximum angle that is less than sixty degrees of inclination to a horizontal plane; winged means exerting lift on the craft when it is underway; controllably adjustable stern-elevating means, rearward of the center of gravity, providing a controllable torque about the center of gravity in opposition to the torque of the said aerostatic means, and at its maximum capable of overbalancing the torque of the aerostatic means and lowering the bow of the craft below its stern; and means for moving said vehicle thru the air; the said load-holding body having walls that include resilient tubular members and gaseous material, comprising gas, in said members, each of at least some of said tubular members including a pair of spaced end parts and a plurality of endjoined inflated links between said end parts; each of the said end parts comprising: a rounded portion; a substantially flat tubular-member end that includes two closely adjacent plies of tubular material, joined together, and having a relatively broad span in one direction and a relatively narrow span in another direction, and curved, tapering surfaces slanting inward from said rounded portion to said broad span, and curved, tapering surfaces slanting outward from said rounded portion to said narrow span; each of the said links having: a rounded middle portion; a pair of spaced, wider, flatter and thinner link-end portions, each wider portion being joined to an adjacent link and comprising small amounts of bonding material between adjacent plies of the tubular-member material, said small amounts being spaced in a direction across the width of said wider portion to allow flow of said gas between adjacent links; curved, tapering surfaces slanting inward from said middle portion to said wider portion; and curved, tapering surfaces slanting outward from said middle portion to the thinner part of said wider portion.
2. A vehicle, adapted to move thru the atmosphere, capable of taking off and landing with its longitudinal axis at a steep angle of inclination to a horizontal plane, comprising: a load-holding body having a top and a bottom that are imperforate from the body''s forward end to the vicinity of the vehicle''s center of gravity; aerostatic means, connected to and encompassing a major portion of said body, comprising skin means and lighter-than-air gas within the skin means having a center of lift that is forward of a plane that is normal to said longitudinal axis and contains said center of gravity and is above a plane that is normal to said first-named plane and contains said center of gravity, exerting a torque on said body about the center of gravity tending to raise its forward part above its stern and, when in the air, to incline its longitudinal axis at an angle of over thirty degrees and less than ninety degrees to a horizontal plane, in which the center of aerostatic lift is substantially directly above the center of gravity; stern-elevating, vehicle-attitude-controlling, propulsive means of controllable thrust, having an upright axis, and providing a controllable, stern-lifting torque about the center of gravity that is in opposition to the torque of the said aerostatic means; means for forwardly moving said vehicle thru the air; and winged means on the bottom of the vehicle for aerodynamically lifting said body when the vehicle is underway, comprising tubes connected to bottom portions of said aerostatic means and gas under above-atmospheric pressure in said tubes and lower skin means sheathing at least bottom portions of said tubes; the said aerostatic means, tubes and lower skin means being constructed and arranged to provide a substantial longitudinal and transverse extent of the lower skin means which is inclined to the direction of forward motion and producEs an aerodynamic lift on the vehicle during forward translation relative to the air.
3. A vehicle as set forth in claim 2, in which the said tubes have round middle portions and flat ends.
4. A vehicle, capable of traversing the air, comprising: a load-holding body, including at least one pair of orthogonally arranged walls; aerostatic means for exerting a lifting force on said body, having a center of lift that is forward of the center of gravity of the vehicle, tending when the vehicle is in the air, to incline its longitudinal axis in a positive angle of inclination to a horizontal plane having a maximum value of less than eighty degrees; attitude-controlling means at a rear part of the vehicle, exerting torque on it about said center of gravity that is in opposition to the torque of said aerostatic means; and means for providing forward translation of said body; the said body having walls that include tubular members and gaseous material, comprising gas, in said members, each of at least some of said tubular members comprising a pair of spaced end parts and a plurality of end-joined inflated links between said end parts; each of the said end parts comprising: a rounded portion; a substantially flat tubular-member end that includes two adjacent plies of tubular material, joined together, having a relatively broad span in one direction and a relatively narrow span in another direction, and curved, tapering surfaces slanting inward from said rounded portion to said broad span, and curved, tapering surfaces slanting outward from said rounded portion to said narrow span; each of the said links having: a rounded middle portion; a pair of spaced, wider, flatter and thinner link-end portions, each wider portion being joined to an adjacent link; curved, tapering, surfaces slanting inward from said middle portion to said wider portion; and curved, tapering surfaces slanting outward from said middle portion to the thinner part of said wider portion; the said walls comprising space-filling chocks adjacent to at least some of said link-end portions; each of said chocks having a middle part that is thicker than each of its ends and curvingly tapered surfaces shaped to conform to portions of said tubular-member curved, tapering surfaces, filling space between adjacent tubular members and strengthening them at their junction.
5. A vehicle as set forth in claim 4, including: winged means, exerting lift on the craft when it is underway; and orthogonally arranged body walls, including at least some of said tubular members and chocks.
6. A vehicle as set forth in claim 4, in which said chocks comprise molded plastic.
7. A vehicle adapted to move thru the atmosphere, including: a load-holding body; aerostatic means, connected to the said body, comprising skin means covering at least the top forward portion of said body, and extending rearward to at least a plane that passes through the vicinity of the center of gravity and is normal to the vehicle''s longitudinal axis, said aerostatic means including a plurality of balloon units containing lighter-than-air gas, and having a center of lift that is forward of a plane that contains the center of gravity of the body and is normal to its longitudinal axis, and above a plane that is normal to said first-named plane and contains the center of gravity, exerting a torque about the center of gravity tending to raise the forward part of the vehicle above its stern and to incline its longitudinal axis in an angle of inclination to a horizontal plane that is less than ninety degrees; controllably adjustable stern-elevating means, rearward of the center of gravity, exerting a torque on said body in opposition to the torque of the aerostatic means; and means for moving said vehicle forward thru the air; at least one of the said balloon units having: a rounded middle portion; substantially flat end portions, at least one of which extends substantially vertically into the air when the vehicle is in normal flight, acting as a stabilizer each of said flat end portions comprising two closely adjacent plies of tubular material joined together and having a relatively broad span in one direction and a relatively narrow span in another direction; curved, tapering surfaces at each end of the unit that slant inward from said rounded middle portion to said broad spans; and curved tapering surfaces at each end of the unit that slant outward from said rounded middle portion to said narrow spans.
8. A vehicle as set forth in claim 7, further including winged means exerting an aerodynamic lift on the craft when it is underway, in which: the said angle of inclination is less than sixty degrees; and the said stern-elevating means provides a torque that at its maximum is capable of overbalancing the torque of said aerostatic means and lowering the bow of the craft below its stern.
9. A vehicle as set forth in claim 7, in which at least one of said balloon units has: a said flat end portion adjacent the bow of the vehicle, with its said broad span of closely adjacent plies extending in a normally horizontal direction; and a said flat end portion at a rearward part of the vehicle, with its said broad span of closely adjacent plies extending in a normally vertical direction; portions, each of said end portions comprising two closely adjacent plies of tubular material joined together and having a relatively broad span in one direction and a relatively narrow span in another; curved, tapering surfaces slanting inward from said rounded middle portions to said broad spans; and curved, tapering surfaces slanting outward from said rounded middle portions to said arrow spans.
10. A dirigible-like vehicle, heavier than air, at least when loaded, adapted to move thru the atmosphere, capable of taking off and landing with its longitudinal axis at a steep angle of inclination to a horizontal plane, comprising: a load-holding body, having a top and a bottom that are imperforate from the body''s forward end to the vicinity of the vehicle''s center of gravity; aerostatic means, connected to the said body, comprising skin means and lighter-than-air gas within the skin means having a center of lift that is well forward of a plane that is normal to said longitudinal axis and contains the center of gravity of the vehicle and above a plane that is normal to said first-named plane and contains the center of gravity, exerting a torque about said center of gravity tending, when the vehicle is up in the air, to raise its stern and to incline its longitudinal axis at a steep angle of inclination of less than ninety degrees and of at least twenty-five degrees to a horizontal plane, with the center of aerostatic lift substantially vertically above said center of gravity; stern-elevating, vehicle-attitude-controlling, propulsive means of controllable thrust, having an upright axis and providing a stern-lifting, controllable torque about the center of gravity that is in opposition to the torque of said aerostatic means; winged means, connected to said body, having a center of aerodynamic lift when the vehicle is underway that is between said stern-elevating means and said center of aerostatic lift; means providing forward motion of the vehicle; landing-gear means, holding said vehicle while stationary in an angle of inclination that is less than said steep angle, comprising at least one pair of fore-and-aft-spaced sternward landing-gear elements, mounted on said body at a location rearward of said center of gravity and forward of the rearmost end of the vehicle; the said landing-gear means and said aerostatic means being so constructed and arranged that, while the vehicle is at rest on a landing surface, landing-gear elements acts as a fulcrum of a lever arm between said forward one of said elements and said center of aerostatic lift and the rearward one of said pair acts as a stop, preventing said aerostatic lift from elevating the vehicle into said steep angle of inclination. 11. A vehicle as set forth in claim 10, in which: the rear-end portion of the bottom of said body rearwardly slopes upward toward the rearmost end of the body; the said landing-gear elements are fore-and-aft-arranged landing-gear means, mounted on the body at said rearward and upward sloping portion of its bottom, providing fulcrums for the counteracting leverages of said aerostatic means and the weight of the vehicle effective at said center of gravity, the rearward landing-gear means being spaced a substantial distance rearward of the forward landing-gear means and when at rest on a landing surface providing a subtantially longer lever arm and greater leverage between the fulcrum of its axis and the center of gravity than the lever arm and leverage between the axis of said forward landing-gear means and the center of gravity, resisting the tendency of the aerostatic means to lift the forward landing-gear means off the said surface.
12. A vehicle as set forth in claim 10, in which: said aerostatic means comprises upper and lower balloons; and the said body comprises windowed elements between the upper and lower balloons.
13. A vehicle as set forth in claim 10, in which: the rear-end portion of the bottom of said body rearwardly slopes upward toward the rearmost end of the body; the said landing-gear means comprises two fore-and-aft-spaced pairs of landing-gear elements, mounted on the body at said rearward and upward sloping portion of its bottom, each pair of said elements being at a substantially equal distance from said center of gravity, the said elements at their axes providing fulcrums for the counteracting leverages of the aerostatic means and of the weight of the vehicle effective at the center of gravity, the rearward pair of said elements being spaced a substantial distance from the forward pair and when at rest on a landing surface providing a substantially longer lever arm and greater leverage between the fulcrum of each of their axes and the center of gravity than the lever arm and leverage between each of the axes of said forward pair of elements and the center of gravity.
14. A vehicle as set forth in claim 12, in which: the said landing-gear elements are wheels; the said body comprises as part of its rear-end portion two pairs of upright, wheel-supporting plates, one pair of these plates being at one side of the vehicle and the other pair of said plates being at the other side of the vehicle; and one fore-and-aft-aligned pair of the said wheels are mounted between each pair of said plates.
15. A vehicle as set forth in claim 14, further comprising: two upright, vehicle-stabilizing fins, extending above the upper outlines of said body, the said fins being joined at their bases to upper portions of two of said plates; a horizontal-type stabilizer bridging over the space between said fins, having end edges that are joined to upper edges of the fins; and a pair of rudders hinged to rear-edge portions of two of said plates.
16. A ballooned, winged vehicle, adapted to move thru the atmosphere, capable of taking off and landing with its longitudinal axis at a steep angle of inclination to a horizontal plane, comprising: a load-holding body; aerostatic means, connected to the said body, comprising skin means and lighter-than-air gas within the skin means having a center of aerostatic lift that is forward of a plane that is normal to said longitudinal axis and contains the center of gravity of the vehicle and is above a plane that is normal to said first-named plane and contains said center of gravity, a straight line between the said center of lift and center of gravity making an angle with said longitudinal axis of at least twenty-five degrees and less than eighty degrees, the said aerostatic means exerting a torque about the center of gravity tending, when the vehicle is up in the air, to raise its forward part above its stern and to incline its longitudinal axis at an angle of at least twenty-five degrees and less than eighty degrees to a horizontal plane, with the cEnter of aerostatic lift substantially directly above the center of gravity; winged means having a center of aerodynamic lift when the vehicle is underway that is in a plane which is transverse to said longitudinal axis and in the vicinity of the vehicle''s center of gravity; stern-elevating, vehicle-attitude-controlling, propulsive means of controllable thrust, having an upright axis and providing a controllable, stern-lifting torque about the center of gravity that is in opposition to the torque of the said aerostatic means and at its maximum at least balances the torque of the aerostatic means; other vehicle-attitude-controlling means, mounted on said body, for raising the vehicle''s forward end above its stern and lowering its forward end below its stern; and means for forwardly moving said vehicle thru the air; said body having a top and a bottom that are imperforate from the body''s forward end to the vicinity of said center of gravity.
17. A vehicle as set forth in claim 16, in which said winged means comprises an elongated flat surface on the bottom of the vehicle, having an angle of attack in said taking off and landing.
18. A vehicle as set forth in claim 16, over thirty feet in length, in which: said tubular members are elongated and comprise flexible, ductile wall material; and said gaseous material comprises gas under pressure well above that of the atmosphere.
19. A vehicle as set forth in claim 16, in which: said load-holding body has forward, middle and rear parts; portions of said forward and rear parts project outward beyond exterior outlines of said middle part in spaced substantially planar, balloon-holding walls; and said aerostatic means comprises disk-ended balloon units, having end disks juxtaposed to surfaces of said balloon-holding walls; and glue between said juxtaposed surfaces and end disks.
20. A vehicle as set forth in claim 16, in which said stern-elevating means comprises a wind-channel tube extending from a top portion to a bottom portion of the craft and a rotary propeller in said tube; the said vehicle comprising a second rotary propeller, of controllable thrust, counteracting the vehicle-yawing torque of said first-named propeller, and serving as a means for steering the craft.
21. A vehicle as set forth in claim 16 that is heavier than air.
22. A vehicle as set forth in claim 16, in which: said means for moving the vehicle thru the air comprises fuel-consuming motors; the said vehicle supports a substantial quantity of fuel at takeoff; the vehicle is heavier than air in taking off and lighter-than-air after said motors have consume a substantial amount of said fuel; said stern-elevating means comprises a pivoted elevator, adjustable to have a positive or negative angle of attack; and the vehicle comprises a pivoted, elevating plane, pivotally mounted at a forward part of said body, and controllable to have a positive or a negative angle of attack.
23. A vehicle as set forth in claim 16, in which: its rear part comprises a bottom having a streamlined forward bottom surface, exposed in flight to ambient air, that is more nearly horizontal than the rear-end portion of the bottom, and having a rear bottom surface, exposed in flight to ambient air, sloping upward from its forward end, which is adjacent to the said forward surface, to the rearmost end of the craft; and said vehicle comprises landing-gear means at said rear surface, for facilitating taking off and landing with respect to a takeoff-and-landing medium, the lowermost edges of said landing-gear means, after landing of the vehicle, being in contact with said medium.
24. A vehicle as set forth in claim 16, comprising: an annular wind channel, connected to said body; powered steering means mounted within said wind channel; auxiliary steering means, usable in event of failure of said powered steering means, comprising a rudder, normally in fore-and-aft, substantial alignment with said wind channel; and fairing means, streamlinedly positioned between said rudder and wind channel.
25. A vehicle as set forth in claim 16, in which: the said body comprises forward and rear parts and an elongated middle part, the said forward and rear parts having fore-and-aft-spaced wall portions that jut outward from and are joined to said middle part; a plurality of lighter-than-air units, supported by and between said spaced wall portions; numerous elongated, stiffly resilient tubular members, providing a vehicle-strengthening framework, sheathing said lighter-than-air units, each of said tubular members comprising thin, flexible, dense material, pressurized gas within said material, and sealed flat ends that are fixed to outer edges of said wall portions; and skin means enveloping said tubular members and said lighter-than-air units, streamlinedly connected to said wall portions and flat ends.
26. A vehicle as set forth in claim 16, in which the said winged means comprises a pair of wings, one of which extends from each side of said body.
27. A vehicle as set forth in claim 26, in which said wings have a center line of aerodynamic lift that is rearward of said center of gravity.
28. A vehicle as set forth in claim 26, in which: said winged means comprises tubular spars, extending into and connected within said body; and the vehicle comprises motor means in said body, connected to said spars, for pivoting said wings into variable angles of attack.
29. A vehicle as set forth in claim 26, in which said wings comprise a plurality of tubular members, each of which contains gaseous material under a pressure well above that of the atmosphere at sea level.
30. A vehicle as set forth in claim 29, in which said gas is lighter than air and each of said tubular members comprises a tubular element having substantially flat ends.
31. A vehicle as set forth in claim 16, in which said other vehicle-attitude-controlling means coprises auxiliary airfoil means and mechanism for pivoting said auxiliary means, controllable by the pilot of the vehicle, for counterbalancing at least a portion of the said torque of the aerostatic means.
32. A vehicle as set forth in claim 31, in which: the maximum torque of said stern-elevating propulsive means overbalances the torque of said aerostatic means, depressing the forward end of the vehicle and tending to force said lingitudinal axis into a negative angle with a horizontal plane; and the said auxiliary airfoil means comprises a forward elevator, pivotally mounted on a forward-end portion of the vehicle, controllable by the pilot to counterbalance the said overbalancing torque of the stern-elevating propulsive means.
33. A vehicle as set forth in claim 31, in which said other vehicle-attitude-controlling means comprises a rear elevator, pivotally mounted on a rear-end portion of the vehicle.
34. A vehicle as set forth in claim 31, in which the said other vehicle-attitude-controlling means comprises wing flaps, pivotally mounted on said winged means, at least most of its aerodynamic surfaces being located rearward of said center of gravity.
35. A vehicle as set forth in claim 31, in which the said other vehicle-attitude-controlling means comprises an airfoil that is pivotally mounted on a forward-end portion of the vehicle and an airfoil that is pivotally mounted on a rear-end portion of the vehicle.
36. A vehicle as set forth in claim 16, in which said body has walls that comprise resilient tubular members and gaseous material in said members.
37. A vehicle as set forth in claim 36 in which: at least some of said tubular members comprise individual elongated tubes; each of said tubes has at its ends a pair of said substantially flat end portions; and each of said last-named flat end portions comprises closely juxtaposed, substantially planar portions and bonding material between said planar portions.
38. A vehicle as set forth in claim 37, in which: each of said individual tubes has sufficient length in proportion to the cross-sectional area of its middle portion to be circular in cross section at that middle poRtion; and each of said last-named middle portions is cylindrical.
39. A vehicle as set forth in claim 36, in which said tubular members comprise: flexible, substantially non-extensible material rounded middle portions; substantially flat end the said last-named flat end portion projecting upward into ambient air and serving as a fin-like stabilizer.
40. A vehicle as set forth in claim 39, in which said gaseous material comprises lighter-than-air gas.
41. A vehicle as set forth in claim 39, in which at least some of said tubular members comprise end-joined inflated links in each tubular member, each of said inflated links having: a rounded middle portion; a pair of wider, flatter and thinner link-end portions; tapering, curved surfaces slanting inward from said middle portion to each of said wider link-end portions; and tapering, curved surfaces slanting outward from said middle portion to the thinner part of each of said flatter end portions. d
42. A vehicle as set forth in claim 41, in which the said link-end portion between each two adjacent links comprises bonding material, sealing across the link-end portion, and barring flow of gaseous material between said adjacent links.
43. A vehicle as set forth in claim 41, in which: said body comprises at least one pair of orthogonally-arranged walls; and each of said orthogonally arranged walls comprises space-filling chocks adjacent to at least some of said link-end portions; and each of said chocks has a middle part at a said wider dimension that is thicker than each of its ends, and has curvingly tapered surfaces shaped to conform to portions of said tubular-member curved, tapering surfaces, filling space between adjacent tubular members and strengthening them at their junction.
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