Aerial Vehicle Refueling System incorporating a Universal Refueling Interface |
|||||||
申请号 | US15160071 | 申请日 | 2016-05-20 | 公开(公告)号 | US20170334581A1 | 公开(公告)日 | 2017-11-23 |
申请人 | Michael White; Miles Austin; | 发明人 | Michael White; Miles Austin; | ||||
摘要 | A system for autonomously replacing batteries or fuel cells on small aerial vehicles such as Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) or radio-controlled aircraft (RC) is described. At the core of this system is a “universal battery receptacle” that can be added to a variety of unmanned aircraft platforms and provides a uniform interface for battery or fuel cell replacement in the form of a commensurately designed “universal fuel cell”.Additionally, a system is described through which an aerial vehicle can be accepted, manipulated, the batteries replaced, and the vehicle re-launched, all without direct user intervention. Such systems can be deployed across a geographic area to increase the range of aerial vehicles without extensive ground support personnel. | ||||||
权利要求 | What is claimed is: |
||||||
说明书全文 | This invention relates to the automated or autonomous replenishment of batteries, fuel cells, fuel, or other power sources for aerial vehicles, especially small, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and remote control (RC) aircraft. Currently there is significant interest in using UAV's (sometimes called “drones”) for local and municipal activities ranging from package deliveries to rapid medical response, to surveillance to traffic control. There are many companies creating UAV systems for this application, including battery systems and fuel cell systems for UAV power. However, the range of continuous flight for such systems is necessarily finite, and eventually refueling is required to continue flight or return to a home base. In this way, UAV air traffic is very similar to manned commercial air traffic, where commercial airports serve as refueling and unloading depots for a wide variety of aircraft. A similar refueling platform is required for UAV traffic. The benefit of UAVs in many applications is the elimination of delivery personnel and the reduction of conventional fuel required to cover short distances. Currently trucks and automobiles are typically used for deliveries and rapid on-scene response of many kinds, requiring full-time operators. The increase in traffic and pollution associated with these modes of transportation further reduce efficiency and drive up costs. UAV's can provide an alternative, but the balance of UAV power and energy sources, such as batteries, currently necessitates a short range (about 10 miles) of flight before refueling. UAV package delivery applications depend on large serviceable populations within flight range of a UAV fleet. Further, such a UAV fleet must generally depart from a central hub or warehouse to capitalize on economies of scale. Therefore, the ability to boost the UAV flight range in areas around a distribution hub, without significantly adding to the maintenance workforce, could provide direct benefits to such applications. A device that enables largely automated to autonomous refueling of a large variety of UAV platforms is needed to realize the potential benefits of UAV services. While many manufacturers are creating UAV systems, the power delivery mechanism is remarkably consistent, consisting of some configuration of rechargeable DC battery cells, though the exact mechanical, electronic, and visual configuration of these cells varies greatly. This suggests great potential of a uniform design for batteries and refueling hardware, similar to the standardization of fuels and associated refueling equipment in the commercial aviation and automotive industry. A device that interfaces with a broad range of UAV designs and enables rapid refueling at a standardized “UAV filling station” is a necessary enabling technology for emerging small aerial vehicle services. A battery receptacle is described that is adaptable to a wide variety of aerial vehicle platforms. The receptacle includes a port or ports for standardized fuel cell modules, which could be DC chemical batteries, hydrogen fuel cells, gas fuel cells (such as butane), or liquid fuel cells. The fuel cell is packaged to insert and lock into the receptacle, and for removal and replacement by a robotic arm or similar tool. The standardized receptacle and fuel cell modules together therefore constitute a “universal refueling interface”. The universal battery receptacle provides a standardized apparatus for integrating fuel cells into numerous aerial platforms. The receptacle also has a physical design that enables automated interfacing, handling, and grasping of the UAV for fuel cell replacement and other ground support activities. Referring now to Now referring to Referring now to In some embodiments, the universal battery receptacle can be an integral part of a UAV design. In this way the balance and power requirements can be optimized for a specific airframe or application. In some embodiments, the universal battery receptacle can be a separate mechanical assembly, suitable for retro-fit on a variety of existing UAV platforms. In this way existing UAV products can be made suitable for use with universal fuel cells and associated refueling systems. In certain embodiments, the universal fuel cell could represent a standardized package envelope, with locking mechanisms and other specifics, but differing in energy storage technology. The fuel cell could be direct current (DC) chemical batteries, hydrogen fuel cells, gas fuel cells (such as butane), or liquid fuel cells. The energy vending system could choose the proper fuel cell technology for a particular UAV that arrived at an automated landing pad. In some sensor-embedded embodiments, additional data about the UAV and its owner could be determined based on markings or coding on The landing skids, or through direct communication with the UAV. Additionally, the fuel cells can be coded to provide information about, source, lifetime, and ownership. In some embodiments, the automated landing pad can be an indoor facility that protects the UAV from the elements and enables landing in still air by blocking wind. In some sensor embodiments, aerial vehicles that enter a landing pad but are not authorized to do so can be mechanically rejected from the landing pad area, thereby not occupying the system and preventing an authorized UAV from landing. Similarly, UAVs that have been refueled, but cannot or will not leave the landing pad on their own power, can be mechanically rejected from the system onto a separate area until they are ready to resume their mission, thereby not occupying the system and preventing continued refueling of air vehicle traffic. In some embodiments, other grasping and conveying mechanisms including but not limited to conveyor belts and robotic arms can be used, rather than the indicated gantry system in |