Soybean beverage and process

申请号 US37458173 申请日 1973-07-06 公开(公告)号 US3901978A 公开(公告)日 1975-08-26
申请人 UNIV ILLINOIS; 发明人 NELSON ALVIN I; STEINBERG MARVIN P; WEI LUN-SHIN;
摘要 A bland stable aqueous dispersion of whole soybeans is prepared by: I. TENDERIZING INTACT SOYBEAN COTYLEDONS UNTIL THE SOYBEANS EXHIBIT A TENDEROMETER VALUE OF BETWEEN ABOUT 16 AND ABOUT 300 POUNDS/100 GRAMS OF SOYBEANS ON A WHOLE BEAN BASIS; II. HEATING THE INTACT SOYBEAN COTYLEDONS SUFFICIENTLY TO INACTIVATE THE LIPOXIDASE ENZYME; III. FORMING A SLURRY OF THE SOYBEANS AND WATER, SAID SLURRY HAVING A SOYBEAN CONCENTRATION OF LESS THAN ABOUT 20 PERCENT BY WEIGHT; IV. HOMOGENIZING SAID SLURRY IN AT LEAST ONE PASS THROUGH A HOMOGENIZATION ZONE AT A PRESSURE BETWEEN ABOUT 1,000 AND 10,000 PSI. AT A TEMPERATURE BETWEEN ABOUT 32*F. and the boiling point of the slurry at the pressure within the homogenizing zone; and, V. RECOVERING A BLAND, STABLE AQUEOUS DISPERSION OF WHOLE SOYBEANS.
权利要求
1. PROCESS FOR PREPARING A BLAND, STABLE AQUEOUS DISPERSION OR WHOLE SUYBEANS COAMPRISING: I. TENDERIZING INTACT SOYBEAN COTYLEDONS UNTIL THE SOYBEANS EXIHIBIT A TENDEROMETER VALUE OF BETWEEN ABOUT 16 AND ABOUT 300 POUNDS/100 GMS OF SOYBEANS, II. HEATING THE INTACT SOYBEAN COTYLEDONS SUFFICIENTLY TO INACTIVATE THE LIPOXIDASE ENZYME CONTAINED THEREIN, III. FORMING A SLURRY OF THE SOYBEANS AND WATER, SAID SLURRY HAVING A SOYBEAN CONCENTRATION OF LESS THAN ABOUT 20 PERCENT BY WEIGHT, IV. HOMOGENIZING SAID SLURRY IN AT LEAST ONE PASS THROUGH A HOMOGENIZATION ZONE AT A PRESSURE BETWEEN ABOUT 1,000 AND 10,000 PSI. AT A TEMPERATURE BETWEEN ABOUT 32*F. AND THE BOILING POINT OF THE SLURRY AT THE PRESSURE WITHIN THE HOMOGENIZING ZONE, AND, V. RECOVERING A BLAND, STABLE AQUEOUS DISPERSION OF WHOLE SOYBEANS.
2. Process as defined in claim 1 wherein the soybeans are dehulled before, during or after tenderization.
3. Process as defined in claim 1 wherein tenderization is effected on whole hull-containing soybeans.
4. Process as defined in claim 1 wherein tenderization is effected by exposing intact soybean cotelydons either simultaneously or sequentially to a combination of moisture and heat until an equivalent tenderometer value in the range of about 16 to about 300 pounds per 100 grams soybeans on a whole bean basis is obtained.
5. Process as defined in claim 1 wherein tenderization is effected by soaking the soybeans in water until the beans are saturated therewith and then blanching the soybeans, for a period of time sufficient to inactivate the lipoxidase enzyme contained therein.
6. Process as defined in claim 5 wherein soaking is effected in an alkaline solution.
7. Process as defined in claim 5 wherein the soaking and blanching of the soybeans are effected in an alkaline solution.
8. Process as defined in claim 1 wherein tenderization is effected by blanching previously unsoaked soybeans.
9. Process as defined in claim 1 wherein homogenization is effected such that the minimum degree of homogenization is inversely related to the degree of tenderization effected.
10. Process as defined in claim 1 wherein soybeans are tenderized to a tenderometer value ranging from about 16 to less than about 185 pount per 100 grams soybeans and a slurry of said soybeans is homogenized in at least one pass through a homogenizer at a pressure ranging from 1,000 to less than about 6,000 psi. with slurry temperature ranging from about 32*F. to about the boiling point of the slurry at the system pressure.
11. Process as defined in claim 10 wherein the slurry is homogenized at a slurry temperature of about 180*F. by passing the slurry twice through the homogenizer at about 3,500 psi.
12. Process as defined in claim 1 wherein soybeans are tenderized to a tenderometer value ranging from about 185 to about 300 pounds per 100 grams soybeans and a slurry of said soybeans is homogenized in at least one pass through a homogenizer at a pressure ranging from greater than 6,000 to about 10,000 psi with slurry temperatures ranging from about 180*F. to about the boiling point of the slurry under the system pressure.
13. Process as defined in claim 12 wherein the pressure in the first pass through the homogenizer ranges from about 6,000 to 10, 000 psi and the pressure in the second pass ranges from about 1, 000 to 6,000 psi.
14. A bland, stable aqueous dispersion of whole soybeans prepared by the process of claim 1.
15. A bland, stable aqueous dispersion of whole soybeans prepared by the process of claim 2.
16. A bland, stable aqueous dispersion of whole soybeans prepared by the process of claim 3.
17. Process as defined in claim 1 wherein from about 100 to about 400 parts per million of a viscosity reducing agent is added to the soybean slurry prior to or during homogenization.
18. A soybean dispersion prepared by the process of claim 17.
19. Process as defined in claim 1 wherein cheese whey is admixed with the soybean dispersion.
20. A soybean dispersion produced by the process of claim 19.
21. Process as defined in claim 1 wherein the resulting soybean dispersion is admixed with cheese whey, flavorings and an edible oil and the resulting mixture is cooled to about 28*F and whipped in air to produce an imitation soft ice cream.
22. A soft ice cream produced by the process of claim 21.
23. Process for preparing a bland, stable aqueous dispersion of whole soybeans comprising: i. tenderizing intact soybean cotyledons until the soybeans exhibit a degree of tenderization as measured by equivalent tenderometer values, on a whole bean basis, of between about 16 and 300 pounds per 100 grams soybeans (wet basis); ii. simultaneously or sequentially heating the intact soybean cotyledons sufficiently to inactivate the lipoxidase enzyme contained therein; iii. forming an aqueous slurry of the soybean solids; and iv. homogenizing said slurry in at least one pass through a homogenizing zone at a temperature ranging from about 32*F. to about the boiling point of the slurry at the pressure within the homogenizing zone and at a pressure of from about 1,000 to 10,000 psi., the minimum degree of homogenization required as measured by increases in temperature, pressure and duration within the homogenizing zone being inversely related to the degree of tenderization effected.
24. Process for preparing a bland, stable aqueous dispersion of whole soybeans comprising: i. soaking soybeans in an aqueous NaHCO3 solution, ii. blanching the soaked soybeans in an aqueous NaHCO3 solution, the combined effect of said soaking and blanching being such that the soybeans exhibit a tenderometer value below about 185 pounds per 100 grams soybeans. iii. wet milling said beans to obtain an aqueous slurry of said soybeans having a solids content of about 12 percent by weight; and iv. passing said slurry twice through a homogenization zone at a temperature of about 180*F. and a pressure of about 3,500 psi.
25. Process for preparing a bland, stable aqueous dispersion of whole soybeans comprising: i. heating intact soybean cotyledons sufficiently to inactivate the lipoxidase enzyme and to partially tenderize the soybeans but insufficiently to tenderize the soybeans to a tenderometer value of between about 16 and about 300 pounds/100 gms. of soybeans; ii. partially reducing the size of said soybeans; iii. further tenderizing the soybeans until the soybeans exhibit a tenderometer value on an equivalent whole bean basis of between about 16 and 300 pounds per 100 gram soybeans; iv. forming a slurry of the soybeans and water, said slurry having a soybean concentration of less than about 20 percent by weight; v. homogenizing said slurry in at least one pass through a homogenization zone at a pressure between about 1,000 and 10,000 psi. at a temperature between about 32*F. and the boiling point of the slurry at the pressure within the homogenization zone; and, vi. recovering a bland, stable aqueous dispersion of whole soybeans.
26. Process for preparing a bland, stable aqueous dispersion of soybeans comprising: i. heating intact soybean cotyledons sufficiently to inactivate the lipoxidase enzyme contained therein and to partially tenderize said soybean cotyledons, ii. forming an aqueous slurry of the soybeans, said slurry having a soybean concentration of less than about 20 percent by weight; iii. further tenderizing the soybeans in said slurry until the soybeans exhibit a tenderomEter value of between about 16 and about 300 poungs/100 grams of soybeans on an equivalent whole bean basis; iv. homogenizing said slurry in at least one pass through a homogenization zone at a pressure between about 1,000 and 10, 000 psi at a temperature between about 32*F. and the boiling point of the slurry at the pressure within the homogenizing zone; and, v. recovering a bland, stable aqueous dispersion of soybeans.
27. Process as defined in claim 26 wherein the soybeans are first dehulled to obtain said soybean cotyledons.
28. Process for preparing a bland, stable aqueous dispersion of soybeans comprising: i. heating intact soybean cotyledons sufficiently to inactivate the lipoxidase enzyme contained therein and to partially tenderize said soybean cotyledons; ii. further tenderizing said soybean cotyledons until the soybeans exhibit a tenderometer value of between about 16 and about 300 pounds/100 grams of soybeans; iii. forming an aqueous slurry of the soybeans, said slurry having a soybean concentration of less than 20 percent by weight; iv. homogenizing said slurry in at least one pass through a homogenization zone at a pressure between about 1,000 and 10, 000 psi at a temperature between about 32*F. and the boiling point of the slurry at the pressure within the homogenizing zone; and v. recovering a bland, stable aqueous dispersion of soybeans.
29. Process as defined in claim 28 wherein the soybeans are first dehulled to obtain said soybean cotyledons.
30. A process for preparing a stable aqueous soybean dispersion from lipoxidase inactivated soybean material comprising: i. forming a slurry of lipoxidase inactivated intact soybean cotyledons and water, said slurry having a soybean concentration of less than about 20 percent by weight; ii. tenderizing said lipoxidase inactivated soybean material in said slurry until said soybean material exhibits a tenderometer value of between 16 and about 30 poungs/100 grams of soybean on an equivalent whole bean basis; and, iii. homogenizing said slurry in at least one pass through a homogenizing zone at a temperature ranging from about 32*F. to about the boiling point of the slurry at the pressure within the homogenizing zone at at a pressure of from about 1,000 to 10,000 psi, the degree of homogenization being inversely commensurate with the degree of tenderization of said soybean material to produce a stable aqueous dispersion of said soybean material.
31. Process as defined in claim 30 wherein the lipoxidase inactivated soybean material is first tenderized and the tenderized soybean material is then formed into a slurry with water and said slurry is thereafter homogenized.
32. Process as defined in claim 30 wherein the soybean material is dehulled before lipoxidase inactivation.
33. Process as defined in claim 30 wherein the lipoxidase inactivated soybean material is dehulled after lipoxidase inactivation.
34. Process as defined in claim 30 wherein tenderization is effected on whole hull-containing soybeans.
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