Die Abfallstoffe werden im Vergasungsreaktor bei Temperaturen im Bereich von 800 bis 1100°C vergast, wobei man vom oberen Bereich des Vergasungsreaktors ein Gas-Feststoff-Gemisch einem Abscheider zuführt. Aus dem Abscheider zieht man ein staubhaltiges Gas ab, dessen Gehalt an freiem O₂ höchstens 0,5 Vol.-% beträgt. Das aus dem Abscheider abgezogene Gas verbrennt man partiell in einem Spaltreaktor unter Zufuhr von sauerstoffreichem, zu 70 bis 100 Vol.-% aus O₂ bestehendem Gas. Im Spaltreaktor herrschen Temperaturen im Bereich von 1200 bis 1600°C, so daß flüssige Schlacke entsteht, die man aus dem Spaltreaktor ableitet. Das im Spaltreaktor gebildete Spaltgas wird in mindestens einem Kühler mit einer Abkühlgeschwindigkeit von mindestens 100°C pro Sekunde auf eine Temperatur von höchstens 300°C abgekühlt.

The present invention provides a methanation system (36) for the conversion of carbonaceous material into methane, comprising:

- a gasifier (1) for gasifying carbonaceous material into syngas, said gasifier being at least partially steam fed and comprising:

- an internal volume (4) comprising an upper section (5), a middle section (6) and a lower section (7), and optionally a first connecting section (10), connecting said upper section (5) and said middle section (6) and/or a second connecting section (11), connecting said middle section (6) and said lower section (7), wherein said upper section (5), middle section (6) and lower section (7) are arranged along the longitudinal direction of said gasifier (1), with the upper section (5) placed on top of the middle section (6) which is placed on top of the lower section (7);

- one or more carbonaceous material inlets (2) configured to receive a carbonaceous material feed and fluidly connected to the internal volume (4);

- a bed material (9) inside the middle section (6) and/or lower section (7) and connected to at least one gas inlet (12) to fluidize the bed material;

- a gas outlet (16), fluidly connected to the upper section (5) of the internal volume (4); and

- at least one plasma system (8) configured inside the upper section (5) so that gas that leaves the gasifier (1) via the gas outlet (16) passes through a zone heated by said at least one plasma system (8);



- a first cooling unit (18, 29), comprising a hot gas inlet (19) and a cold gas outlet (20), wherein said hot gas inlet (19) is fluidly connected to the gas outlet (16) of said gasifier (1);

- a methanation unit (21), suitable to produce crude methane from syngas, comprising a syngas inlet (22) and a crude methane outlet (23), wherein said syngas inlet (22) is fluidly connected to said cold gas outlet (20) of the first cooling unit (18);

- a second cooling unit (24,28), comprising a hot methane inlet (25) and a cold methane outlet (26), wherein said hot methane inlet (25) is fluidly connected to said crude methane outlet (23) of the methanation unit (21);

wherein said first cooling unit and said second cooling unit independently comprise an economizer, an evaporator and/or a super-heater for steam production for the gasifier.

Further does the invention also provide a process for the conversion of carbonaceous material in methane using such methanation system.

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft die Erzeugung von brennbarem Gas aus Biomasse durch Vergasung, und betrifft insbesondere eine Biomassevergasungsanlage (1) und ein Verfahren zur Erzeugung von Gas in einer Biomassevergasungsanlage (1) sowie ein Verbundsystem zur Erzeugung von Strom. Um die Erzeugung von brennbarem Gas zu verbessern, ist eine Biomassevergasungsanlage (1) vorgesehen, die eine Transportvorrichtung (2a, 2b) von Biomasse, z.B. Holzhackschnitzel (selten auch andere Biomasse) aufweist, sowie eine Wärmezufuhrvorrichtung zur Erwärmung der im Innenbereich der Transportvorrichtung (2a, 2b) angeordneten Biomasse, und eine Abführvorrichtung (13)zum Abführen des entstehenden Gases, wobei die Absaugvorrichtung (13)unterhalb der Transportvorrichtung vorgesehen ist.

The method of destruction of and retrieving metals, ecological sludge, gas and energy from waste electrotechnical and electronic equipment according to the invention consists in that it is carried out in three basic stages, closely interrelated and following in succession, where in the first stage, the formerly stored equipment is disassembled on the multistation semi-automatic processing line (4) and sorted into groups of components containing iron (5), plastics (6), copper (7), aluminum (8), electrical batteries (9); moreover, luminophore (10) is sucked off from picture tubes, and refrigerant and oil (11) from refrigerating units, and then the sorted iron elements containing iron and aluminum alloys are transported to storages (14 and 15, respectively), while elements containing plastics (6), copper components (7) and electrical batteries (9) to fragmenting devices (18), (21) and (25). Crushed plastics (6) are transported by means of a conveyor to the energy generator; crushed electronic modules (21) to the converter-plasma furnace (32); and fragmented batteries (9) as well as luminophore (10) and oil (11) to the gasifier-plasma furnace (40), where metal alloys (29), (33) and (41), sludges (30), (34) and (42) and syngases (28), (35) and (43) are separated from them; then metal alloys and sludges by means of a belt conveyor (51) are transported to induction crucible furnaces (47) and subject to fire refining, and syngases to the plasma converter (44) and then to the cooling-cleaning device (45) and to the gas furnace (49) and heat exchanger (50), while the quality of combustion gases leaving the gas furnace (49) for the stack (58) is subject to continuous control on the monitoring device (62).

The invention is directed to a process and an apparatus for converting waste into synthesis gas, wherein heavy metals are concentrated to a large extent, so that these may be reused as a source by heavy metal processing industries. In accordance with the invention a process is provided which comprises converting hydrocarbons by pyrolysis at least partly into synthesis gas, feeding said pyrolysis gas to a booster to avoid at least in part condensation, feeding the booster product gas to a converter wherein further hydrocarbons are converted to synthesis gas and subjecting the thereby obtained gas to quenching by contacting it with water at a temperature that is sufficiently high to convert at least part of said water into hydrogen and oxygen. The solid stream of pyrolysis residue is fed to a smelter operated to vaporize at least a part of the heavy metals and to obtain a slag.