Nitrogen constituent analysis
阅读：412发布：2021-09-04
专利汇可以提供Nitrogen constituent analysis专利检索，专利查询，专利分析的服务。并且A unitary system is provided with separate channels for detecting and analyzing different types of nitrogen-containing compounds, particularly those which may be encountered in waste treatment or in pollution control or in food product analysis. The channels are so designed that an injected sample is acted upon in gaseous or suspended form, with reaction products thereof carried through the system by carried gas and ultimately converted to nitric oxide for analysis in a nitric oxide analyzer. Each channel contains reaction columns packed with a suitable substance. There is a total combined nitrogen channel in which a sample is first catalytically oxidized to form nitric oxides. In a nitrite-nitrate nitrogen channel a sample is first treated to form nitrites and injected into a reaction column packed with an acidifying substance and in an ammonia nitrogen channel the sample is injected into a reaction column packed with an alkalyzer before proceeding to a reaction column packed to catalytically oxidize the resulting ammonia to nitrogen dioxide and nitric oxide. In a modified embodiment a suitably pretreated sample suspected of cyanide content may also ultimately be converted to nitric oxide for analysis.，下面是Nitrogen constituent analysis专利的具体信息内容。
1. AN ANALYZER FOR NITROGEN COMPRISING IN COMBINATION: MEANS FOR RECEIVING NITROGEN-CONTAINING SUBSTANCE AND CONVERTING NITROGEN TO OXIDES, MEANS FOR RECEIVING SUCH OXIDES AND REDUCING THE NITROGEN OXIDES TO NITRIC OXIDE, AND A NITRIC OXIDE ANALYZER TO RECEIVE NITRIC OXIDE FROM SAID REDUCING MEANS.
2. The analyzer described in claim 1 including means for directing a stream of carrier gas through the means for converting nitrogen content to oxides and the reducing means successively and means for introducing nitrogen-containing substances in solution or suspension into the means for receiving the nitrogen-containing substance in conjunction with the gas stream.
3. The analyzer described in claim 1 wheRein the means for converting nitrogen content to oxides comprises a column of solid oxide particles.
4. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein the solid oxide particles comprise cupric oxide.
5. The analyzer described in claim 1 wherein the means for reducing nitrogen oxide to nitric oxides comprises a reaction tube and means for maintaining it at a temperature sufficient to reduce nitrogen dioxide to nitric oxide.
6. The analyzer described in claim 5 wherein the reaction tube is packed with vitreous carbon and maintained at a temperature of substantially 550*C.
7. The analyzer described in claim 1 wherein the means for converting to oxides comprises an acidifying means.
8. The analyzer described in claim 1 wherein the means for converting nitrogen content to oxides has the property of reacting with metallic nitrites to yield nitric oxide.
9. The analyzer described in claim 7 wherein the means for converting nitrogen content to oxides comprises a column of phosphoric acid.
10. The analyzer described in claim 1 made selective for the analysis of cyanides wherein means for receiving nitrogencontaining substance and converting nitrogen content to oxides comprises means for breaking down metal cyanide complexes to simple metal cyanides followed by an acidifier.
11. The analyzer described in claim 7 rendered selective to the analysis of cyanides wherein additional means are interposed between the acidifying means and the means for reducing nitrogen oxides to nitric oxide, said additional means comprising means which selectively reduce nitric oxides to nitrogen without affecting compounds containing both carbon and nitrogen, plus oxidizing means.
12. The analyzer described in claim 11 wherein the means for reducing selectively nitrogen oxides to nitrogen comprises a column of reduced metal.
13. The analyzer described in claim 12 wherein the column of reduced metal comprises a column of reduced copper.
14. A selective analyzer for ammonium type nitrogen in a sample comprising in combination. means for receiving the sample and converting nitrogen content to ammonium hydroxide, means for oxidizing the ammonium hydroxide to form oxides of nitrogen, and nitrogen oxide analysis apparatus for receiving the oxides of nitrogen.
15. A selective analyzer for ammonium type nitrogen in a sample comprising in combination: means for receiving the sample and converting nitrogen content to ammonium hydroxide, means for oxidizing the ammonium hydroxide to form oxides of nitrogen, means for receiving the oxides of nitrogen and reducing nitrogen oxides to nitric oxide, and a nitric oxide analyzer arranged to receive nitric oxide from said reducing means.
16. The analyzer as described in claim 15 wherein a condenser is interposed between the means for reducing nitrogen oxides to nitric oxide and the nitric oxide analyzer to remove water vapor formed in the oxidation of ammonium hydroxide.
17. The analyzer described in claim 15 wherein the means for converting to ammonium hydroxide comprises alkalyzing means.
18. A selective analyzer for cyanide content of a nitrogen-containing substance which has been treated to convert any complex metal cyanides in a sample to simple metallic cyanides, said analyzer comprising: means for acidifying the treated sample to evolve gas including cyanide gas, means for reducing any nitrogen oxide in the evolved gas to form nitrogen gas without effect on the evolved cyanide gas, means for oxidizing the cyanide gas to form carbon dioxide and oxides of nitrogen, means for reducing the oxides of nitrogen to nitric oxide, and a nitric oxide analyzer.
19. The method of measuring cyanide content of a sample suspected of containing metal complexes wherein the cyanide group is part of a complex metal cyanide ion comprising the steps of: breaking down the complex by a mercuric ion to produce a simple cyanide, oxidizing the cyanide to form oxidized nitrogen, and measuring oxidized nitrogen as a measure of cyanide content.
20. The method of measuring cyanide content of a sample suspected of containing metal complexes wherein the cyanide group is part of a complex metal cyanide ion comprising the steps of: breaking down the complex by a mercuric ion to produce a simple cyanide, oxidizing the cyanide to form oxidized nitrogen, reducing the oxidized nitrogen to form nitric oxide, and measuring nitric oxide to provide a measure of cyanide content.
21. The method described in claim 20 wherein the sample is acidified to evolve cyanide gases and to evolve oxides of nitrogen if any nitrates or nitrites are present in the sample, and wherein thereafter such oxides are eliminated before oxidizing the cyanide.
22. The method described in claim 21 wherein the nitrogen oxide elimination step comprises exposing the sample to a reducing agent.
23. The method described in claim 22 wherein the reducing agent employed is a reduced metal.
24. The method described in claim 23 wherein the reduced metal is reduced copper.
25. The method of claim 20 wherein the sample is treated with an excess of chloride and thereafter acidified.
26. The method of claim 25 wherein the sample is treated with magnesium chloride to convert mercuric cyanide to magnesium cyanide before acidifying.
27. The method described in claim 20 wherein the sample is acidified by injecting upon hot phosphoric acid.
28. The method described in claim 20 wherein the mercuric ion is introduced by treating the sample with a soluble mercuric salt.
29. The method described in claim 28 wherein the soluble mercuric salt employed is mercuric sulfate.
30. An analyzer for nitrogen in substances in solution or suspension comprising in combination a plurality of channels having a common source of carrier gas and a common analyzer sensitive to nitric oxide, each channel having an initial reaction tube with means for injecting a sample therein and means for maintaining the reaction tube at an elevated temperature followed by a reaction tube for reducing oxides of nitrogen to nitric oxide, the channels including a total combined nitrogen channel in which the initial reaction tube is packed with oxidizing means to convert the sample to oxides of nitrogen and is before the reaction tube for reducing oxides of nitrogen to nitric oxide, a second channel for detection of metallic nitrites including an initial reaction tube packed with means for acidifying the sample and which is before the reaction tube for reducing oxides of nitrogen to nitric oxide and a third channel for detecting ammonia nitrogen in which there is a reaction tube packed with means for alkalyzing the sample to drive off ammonia followed by a reaction tube packed with oxidizing means to convert the sample to oxides of nitrogen and which is mounted before the reaction tube for reducing oxides of nitrogen to nitric oxide.
31. The analyzer described in claim 30 wherein the oxidizing means comprises cupric oxide as an active ingredient.
32. The analyzer described in claim 31 wherein the oxidizer comprises a reaction tube packed with cupric oxide particles.
33. The analyzer described in claim 30 wherein the acidifying means comprises phosphoric acid.
34. The analyzer described in claim 33 wherein the acidifying means comprises a reaction tube packed with particles coated with phosphoric acid.
35. The analyzer described in claim 30 wherein the alkalyzing means comprises magnesium oxide.
36. The analyzer as described in claim 35 wherein the alkalyzing means comprises a reaction tube packed with particles of magnesium oxide.
37. The analyzer described in claim 35 wherein the alkalyzing means is followed by oxidizing means.
38. The analyzer as described in claim 30 wherein the reducing means comprises vitreous carbon.
39. The analyzer described in claim 38 in which the reducing means comprises a reaction tube packed with vitreous carbon.
40. An analyzer for total comBined nitrogen in a fluid sample comprising an oxidizer with an inlet for receiving carrier gas in the oxidizer in conjunction with the sample, a reducer connected to the oxidizer for converting oxides of nitrogen to nitric oxide and a nitric oxide analyzer connected to the reducer.
41. The analyzer described in claim 40 wherein the oxidizer comprises cupric oxide.
42. The analyzer described in claim 41 wherein the oxidizer comprises a reaction tube packed with cupric oxide.
43. The analyzer described in claim 40 wherein the reducer comprises a reaction tube with means for maintaining it at a temperature exceeding 1,000*C.
44. An analyzer as described in claim 40 wherein the reducer comprises a reaction tube packed with vitreous carbon and means for maintaining the tube at a temperature of approximately 550*C.
45. An analyzer for nitrites and nitrates contained in a fluid sample comprising an acidifier with an inlet for carrier gas to carry reaction products of the sample through the acidifier, and means for converting the acidified sample and forming oxidized nitrogen, means for reducing oxides of nitrogen to nitric oxide and a nitric oxide analyzer.
46. An analyzer as described in claim 45 including a reducer connected to the acidifier for converting oxides of nitrogen to nitric oxide and a nitric oxide analyzer connected to the reducer.
47. An analyzer as described in claim 46 wherein the acidifier comprises a body of phosphoric acid.
48. An analyzer as described in claim 47 wherein the acidifier comprises a reaction tube packed with particles coated with phosphoric acid.
49. An analyzer as described in claim 46 wherein the reducer comprises a reaction tube with means for maintaining it at a temperature in excess of 1,000*C.
50. An analyzer as described in claim 46 wherein the reducer comprises a reaction tube packed with vitreous carbon and means for maintaining the combustion tube at a temperature of approximately 550*C.
51. An analyzer for ammonia nitrogen contained in a fluid sample comprising: a column containing an alkalyzer, the column having an inlet with means for receiving gas under pressure to carry reaction products of the sample through the alkalyzer, means for oxidizing the reaction products of the sample to oxides of nitrogen, and means for reducing oxides of nitrogen to nitric oxide for analysis.
52. An analyzer as described in claim 51 wherein the alkalyzer comprises magnesium oxides.
53. An analyzer as described in claim 52 wherein the column comprises a reaction tube packed with particles of magnesium oxide.
54. An analyzer as described in claim 51 wherein an oxidizer is connected to the alkalyzer column to convert the output of the alkalyzer column to oxides of nitrogen.
55. An analyzer as described in claim 54 wherein the oxidizer comprises a reaction tube packed with cupric oxide.
56. An analyzer as described in claim 54 wherein a reducer is connected to the oxidizer and provided with means for maintaining the reducer at a sufficient temperature to convert oxides of nitrogen to nitric oxide.
57. The method of measuring cyanide content of a sample suspected of containing metal complexes wherein the cyanide group is part of a complex metal-cyanide ion, comprising the steps of: breaking down the complex by an ion reactive to produce a simple cyanide, oxidizing the cyanide to form oxidized nitrogen, eliminating reaction products of metallic nitrite or nitrate salts, and measuring remaining oxidized nitrogen as a measure of cyanide content.
58. The method of measuring cyanide content of a sample suspected of containing metal complexes wherein the cyanide group is part of a complex metal-cyanide ion, comprising the steps of: breaking down the complex by an ion reactive to produce simple cyanide, oxidizing the cyanide to form oxidized nitrogen, eliminating reaction products of a metallic nitrite or nitrate salts, reducing oxidized nitrogen remaining after elimination of reaction products of metallic nitrite or nitrate salts, and measuring nitric oxide to provide a measure of cyanide content.
59. The method of detecting and measuring nitrogen content in a sample of substances in solution or suspension which comprises: exposing the sample to an oxidizing agent at elevated temperatures to convert the sample to oxides of nitrogen, carrying the oxides in a gas stream, reducing the oxides of nitrogen to nitric oxide, and measuring nitric oxides.
60. The method of claim 59 wherein the sample is exposed to cupric oxide.
61. The method of claim 59 wherein the sample is exposed to an oxidizing catalyst.
62. The method of claim 59 wherein the step of converting oxides of nitrogen to nitric oxide comprises subjecting the gas stream to a temperature at or above approximately 1,000*C.
63. The method described in claim 59 wherein the step of converting nitrogen oxides to nitric oxide comprises passing the gas stream over a reducing catalyst.
64. The method described in claim 59 wherein the step of converting nitrogen oxides to nitric oxide comprises the step of passing the gas stream over vitreous carbon at an operating temperature of approximately 550*C.
65. The method of claim 59 which comprises the step of acidifying the sample.
66. The method of claim 65 wherein the sample is passed over phosphoric acid.
67. The method of claim 66 wherein the sample is subjected to a temperature in the range between approximately 150* and 225*C while passing it over phosphoric acid.
68. The method of claim 65 wherein metallic nitrates in the sample are first converted to nitrites before acidifying the sample to enable total metallic nitrates and nitrites to be measured in terms of nitric oxide.
69. The method of claim 59 wherein the sample is alkalyzed.
70. The method of claim 69 wherein the sample is passed through magnesium oxide.
71. The method of claim 70 wherein the sample is subjected to a temperature of between approximately 150* and 200*C while passing through the magnesium oxide.
72. The method of claim 69 wherein subsequent to alkalization the sample is converted to oxides of nitrogen.
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