Process and apparatus for the gasification of organic matter
阅读：998发布：2021-09-06
专利汇可以提供Process and apparatus for the gasification of organic matter专利检索，专利查询，专利分析的服务。并且A process for converting solid fuels, particularly the organic matter of solid waste alone or supplemented by solid or liquid fuels, into combustible gases by thermal decomposition with gaseous oxygen. An oxygen-containing gas, particularly gaseous oxygen with or without minor amounts of other gases, such as nitrogen, argon, and steam, is directed into an ignited fuel bed in a manner that will convert the organic matter into a gas and will cause the inorganic matter to melt and will form a central cavity in the fuel bed. The molten inorganic matter is removed from the process in solid form, principally granulated. The gases and vapors are heated in a second chamber to continue the chemical reactions for improving the gas and for decreasing the amount of ungasified matter. The product gases may be used raw for the firing of nearby furnaces, or may be cleaned of undesirable components by conventional means, such as scrubbing, condensation, desulfurization, etc. The process has the dual function of (1) converting low-grade waste and fuel into a gas having utility as a clean fuel and as a synthesis gas, and (2) disposing of solid wastes and waste oils. The process will assist in meeting the energy crisis by utilizing domestic resources of organic matter and converting them into a gas that will supplement available fuel gas.，下面是Process and apparatus for the gasification of organic matter专利的具体信息内容。
1. IN A PROCESS FOR CONVERTING SOLID FUEL TO USEFUL GASEOUS PRODUCTS BY PROVIDING A SUBSTANTIALLY VERTICAL REACTOR CONTAINING A DEEP BED OF PREPARED SOLID FUEL, AND FEEDING A SOLID FUEL MIXTURE CONTAINING ORGANIC MATTER IN A MANNER TO MINIMIZE THE INFILTRATION OF AIR OR EXFILTRATION OF GAS AND DELIVER THE FUEL IN A LOOSE CONDITION INTO THE UPPER PORTION OF SAID REACTOR, THE IMPROVEMENT WHICH COMPRISES FEEDING OXYGEN-ENRICHED GAS CENTRALLY INTO THE BOTTOM OF SAID FUEL BED AND UPWARDLY THROUGH AND TO FORM A CENTRAL CAVITY MAINTAINED AT COMBINATION BED AND TO FORM A CENTRAL CAVITY MAINTAINED AT COMBUSTION TEMPERATURES IN THE FUEL BED AND TO FORM COMBUSTIBLE PRODUCT GASES WHICH FLOW FROM THE TOP OF SAID BED, FORCING RADIALLY INWARDLY THE LOWER PORTIONS OF THE BED BY EXTERNAL MECHANICAL
2. A process as described in claim 1 wherein the fuel mixture introduced into the reactor contains up to 25 percent of a liquid or meltable fuel.
3. A process as described in claim 1 wherein the fuel feed mixture is compressed by a ram within a compression conduit communicating with the reactor while being introduced into the reactor, thereby to reduce the voids and passages between the particles and thus to minimize air infiltration into the reactor and to minimize exfiltration of product gas from the reactor to the atmosphere.
4. A process as described in claim 1 wherein the fuel mixture contains waste or refuse material having a carbon content of about 30 to 65 percent dry basis.
5. A process as described in claim 4 wherein the inorganic matter, such as glass and metal, is substantially removed from the fuel mixture fed into the reactor before it is introduced into the reactor.
6. A process as described in claim 4 wherein the fuel mixture introduced into the reactor contains inorganic material such as ceramics and metal, which metal is partially oxidized and which ceramics and any remaining metal is melted in the fuel bed of the reactor, and discharging the molten inorganic material from the bottom of the reactor and cooling the same to solidify.
7. A process as described in claim 1 wherein the combustible product gases contain fixed gases, condensable vapors and entrained matter and such product gases are flowed through a tubular converter where said product gases are heated and chemically altered to form a gas of increased calorific value.
8. A process as described in claim 7 wherein the gas from the converter is cooled so as to condense and collect water, tar, organic liquids, and organic and inorganic dusts; and the tar, organic liquids and dusts are removed from the condensed water and recycled to the fuel introduced into the reactor.
9. A process as described in claim 1 wherein the fuel mixture introduced into the reactor is comminuted to particle size no greater than about 1/20 the diameter of the reactor.
10. An apparatus for converting solid fuel to gaseous products comprising a generally vertical reaction chamber adapted to contain a deep bed of prepared fuel, means for feeding a fuel mixture including waste material, in a manner to minimize the infiltration of air and deliver the fuel in a loose condition into the upper portion of said chamber, means for feeding oxygen-enriched gas centrally into the bottom of said fuel bed and upwardly through said bed thereby to form a central cavity maintained at combustion temperatures at the bottom of said fuel bed and to maintain said combustion in said fuel bed and form combustible gases, an array of rams or screws arraNged peripherally around the bottom portion of said chamber to force portions of the solid fuel at the lower portions of said bed radially inwardly thereby to control and limit the size of said cavity, mechanical means for contouring the top of said bed to a generally domed shape thereby to provide more uniform flow of gases upwardly through said bed, and pipe means for withdrawing said gases from the top of said reaction chamber.
11. An apparatus as described in claim 10 wherein the means for contouring the top of said bed is an arrangement of laterally extending arms supported from above by a vertical rotatable shaft, said arms defining the upper surface of said bed and said dome shape.
12. An apparatus as described in claim 10 including a slag well mounted centrally below said fuel bed and positioned to collect molten inorganic material formed from inorganic material contained in the fuel mixture fed to the reaction chamber.
13. An apparatus as described in claim 10 including ram means mounted in a conduit communicating with said reaction chamber, said ram means for compressing said fuel mixture being introduced into said reaction chamber and thereby to reduce the voids and passages between the particles and thus to minimize air infiltration into the reactor and to minimize exfiltration of product gas from the reactor to the atmosphere.
14. An apparatus as described in claim 13 including means to disengage the particles of the compressed fuel mixture being fed to the reaction chamber before it reaches said bed.
15. An apparatus as described in claim 10 including a tubular converter communicating with said pipe means for withdrawing said gas from the top of said reaction chamber, and combustion means associated with said converter for indirectly heating and chemically altering the gas to increase its calorific value.
16. An apparatus as described in claim 15 including means for partially cooling the converted gas by indirect heat transfer with combustion air for the heating means for said converter.
17. An apparatus as described in claim 16 including means for further cooling said converted gas by indirect heat exhange so as to condense and collect water, tar, organic liquids and organic and inorganic dusts; and means for recycling the tar, organic liquids and dusts to the fuel fed in the reaction chamber.
18. An apparatus as described in claim 11 wherein screws are used to force the bottom portions of said bed inwardly.
19. An apparatus as described in claim 18 wherein said screws are mounted substantially radially.
20. An apparatus as described in claim 18 wherein said screws are mounted at an angle to the radial direction thereby to impart a significant rotational motion to the fuel mixture in the bed.
21. An apparatus as described in claim 11 wherein ram means are used to force inwardly the fuel mixture in the lower portion of said bed, and said rams are mounted substantially radially.
22. An apparatus as described in claim 11 wherein ram means are used to force inwardly the fuel mixture in the lower portion of said bed, and said rams are mounted on an angle to the radius of said chamber, thereby to impart a significant rotational motion to the fuel in said bed.
23. An apparatus as described in claim 11 wherein the surface of said arms are inclined at an angle to the vertical in a direction away from the direction of rotation thereof, where they contact the upper surface of said bed.
24. An apparatus as described in claim 11 wherein said arms are spirally shaped starting from a location near said shaft and spiraling outwardly to a location near the periphery of said bed.
25. An apparatus as described in claim 11 including torque sensing means for monitoring the resistance to turning of said shaft.
26. An apparatus as described in claim 25 wherein said torque sensing means includes a sheave connected to and rotating with said shaft and a belt means contacting and traveling on the periphery of said sheave or said torque senSing means includes a sprocket connected to and rotating with said shaft and a chain means contacting and traveling on the periphery of said sprocket, said belt having a driving portion contacted by a pressure sensing device, said driving portion being responsive to the resistance to turning of said shaft, and means associated with said driving portion to indicate said resistance to turning.
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