Means of measuring temperature and neutron flux
阅读：968发布：2023-09-11
专利汇可以提供Means of measuring temperature and neutron flux专利检索，专利查询，专利分析的服务。并且Temperature-sensing device including an emitter capsule containing a radioisotope fuel, a collector housing enclosing the emitter capsule, emitter capsule support means which produces a dominant thermal conduction loss in the heat balance of the device and which maintains the external emitter surface at a predetermined spacing from the internal collector surface, a cesium vapor source communicating with the interelectrode space, and emitter and collector connections providing an electrical output from the device. In this device, collector temperature is directly coupled to emitter temperature and allows determination of ambient (collector) temperature from emitter temperature which can be accurately derived from the device''s output curve. Neutron-flux-sensing device is obtained by fueling the device with a material which undergoes an exothermic reaction under neutron bombardment. Heat produced is directly proportional to neutron flux present and is directly proportional to emitter temperature in a thermal conduction dominated device, for a given collector temperature. Thus, the neutron flux can be determined from the emitter temperature which can be derived from the device''s output curve. Alternately, in this device or a device where the thermal conduction loss is not dominant, the neutron flux can be determined from the maximum power point of the output curve.，下面是Means of measuring temperature and neutron flux专利的具体信息内容。
1. A sensor comprising: an emitter structure including aN emitter surface thereon; fuel material for heating said emitter surface; a collector structure including a collector surface thereon; a housing adapted to enclose said emitter and collector structures and maintain a quasi-vacuum vacuum condition within said housing; means for supporting and maintaining said emitter surface normally at a substantially predetermined spacing from said collector surface, said support means being constructed to produce a predetermined degree of thermal coupling of said emitter surface to said collector surface such that thermal conduction loss is dominant in a heat balance of said sensor and collector surface temperature is then directly coupled to emitter surface temperature; and output means adapted to connect respectively with said emitter and collector surfaces, for providing an electrical output from said sensor whereby an output curve can be established therefrom.
2. The invention as defined in claim 1 wherein said fuel material includes a radioisotope fuel material, and said collector surface is substantially at ambient temperature whereby determination of emitter surface temperature from said output curve allows the determination of said ambient temperature therefrom.
3. The invention as defined in claim 2 including adjustable load means connected to said output, said load means being variable to provide different output signals corresponding to respective output curve readings of said sensor, and computing means for determining said emitter and collector surface temperatures from said readings whereby ambient temperature can be measured.
4. The invention as defined in claim 1 wherein said support means is constructed to provide a predetermined degree of thermal coupling of said emitter surface to said collector surface such that thermal radiation loss is dominant in a heat balance of said sensor, and said fuel material includes a material which undergoes exothermic reaction under neutron bombardment whereby said sensor can be used to measure nominal neutron flux level which is proportional to the emitter surface temperature or the maximum power point of said output curve.
5. The invention as defined in claim 4 including adjustable load means connected to said output, said load means being variable to provide different output signals corresponding to respective output curve readings of said sensor, and computing means for determining a selected one of both the emitter surface temperature and the maximum power point of said output curve from said readings whereby nominal neutron flux level is measured.
6. The invention as defined in claim 5 wherein said adjustable load means is variable in discrete steps to provide said different output signals corresponding to respective output curve readings of said sensor.
7. The invention as defined in claim 1 wherein said fuel material includes a material which undergoes exothermic reaction under neutron bombardment whereby said sensor can be used to measure nominal neutron flux level which is proportional to the emitter surface temperature or the maximum power point of said output curve.
8. The invention as defined in claim 7 including, in addition, another sensor similar to said sensor and connected in series in opposite polarity thereto, said fuel material of said similar sensor comprising a material which undergoes exothermic reaction essentially only to gamma radiation whereby any small gamma contribution is prevented from appearing in the measured neutron flux level.
9. The invention as defined in claim 7 including adjustable load means connected to said output, said load means being variable to provide different output signals corresponding to respective output curve readings of said sensor, and computing means for determining a selected one of both the emitter surface temperature and the maximum power point of said output curve from said readings whereby neutron flux level is measured.
10. The invention as defined in claim 9 wherein said adJustable load means is variable in discrete steps to provide said different output signals corresponding to respective output curve readings of said sensor.
11. A measuring system comprising: a sensor including an emitter capsule containing a fuel material therein, and having an external emitter surface thereon, a collector housing having an internal collector surface therein, said housing being adapted to enclose said capsule and maintain a quasi-vacuum condition within said housing, means for supporting said capsule in said housing and maintaining said emitter surface normally at a substantially predetermined spacing from said collector surface, said support means being constructed to produce a predetermined degree of thermal coupling of said emitter surface to said collector surface, and output means adapted to connect respectively with said emitter and collector surfaces, for providing an electrical output from said sensor; adjustable load means connected to said output, said load means being variable to provide different output signals from said sensor; and means for converting said different output signals into respective output readings whereby an output curve can be established therefrom.
12. The invention as defined in claim 11 wherein said adjustable load means is variable in discrete steps to provide said different output signals corresponding to respective output curve readings of said sensor.
13. The invention as defined in claim 11 wherein said fuel material is a radioisotope, and said collector surface is substantially at ambient temperature whereby determination of emitter surface temperature from said output curve allows the determination of said ambient temperature therefrom.
14. The invention as defined in claim 13 including computing means for determining said emitter and collector surface temperatures from said readings whereby ambient temperature can be measured.
15. A measuring system comprising: a sensor including an emitter structure having an emitter surface thereon, a fuel material for heating said emitter surface, a collector structure having a collector surface thereon, a housing adapted to enclose said emitter and collector structures and maintain a quasi-vacuum condition within said housing, means for supporting and maintaining said emitter surface normally at a substantially predetermined spacing from said collector surface, said support means being constructed to produce a predetermined degree of thermal coupling of said emitter surface to said collector surface, and output means adapted to connect respectively with said emitter and collector surfaces, for providing an electrical output from said sensor; adjustable load means connected to said output, said load means being variable to provide different output signals from said sensor; and means for converting said different output signals into respective output readings whereby an output curve can be established therefrom.
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