专利汇可以提供COMBINED CORE MAKEUP TANK AND HEAT REMOVAL SYSTEM FOR A SMALL MODULAR PRESSURIZED WATER REACTOR专利检索,专利查询,专利分析的服务。并且A combined makeup tank and passive residual heat removal system that places a tube and shell heat exchanger within the core makeup tank. An intake to the tube side of the heat exchanger is connected to the hot leg of the reactor core and the outlet of the tube side is connected to the cold leg of the reactor core. The shell side of the heat exchanger is connected to a separate heat sink through a second heat exchanger.,下面是COMBINED CORE MAKEUP TANK AND HEAT REMOVAL SYSTEM FOR A SMALL MODULAR PRESSURIZED WATER REACTOR专利的具体信息内容。
This application is related to U.S. Patent Application
This invention pertains generally to small modular pressurized water reactors and more particularly to a combined core makeup tank and heat removal system for such a reactor.
In a nuclear reactor for power generation, such as a pressurized water reactor, heat is generated by fission of a nuclear fuel such as enriched uranium, and transferred into a coolant flowing through a reactor core. The core contains elongated nuclear fuel rods mounted in proximity with one another in a fuel assembly structure, through and over which the coolant flows. The fuel rods are spaced from one another in co-extensive parallel arrays. Some of the neutrons and other atomic particles released during nuclear decay of the fuel atoms in a given fuel rod pass through the spaces between fuel rods and impinge on fissile material in adjacent fuel rods, contributing to the nuclear reaction and to the heat generated by the core.
Moveable control rods are dispersed throughout the nuclear core to enable control of the overall rate of the fission reaction, by absorbing a portion of the neutrons, which otherwise would contribute to the fission reaction. The control rods generally comprise elongated rods of neutron absorbing material and fit into longitudinal openings or guide thimbles in the fuel assemblies running parallel to and between the fuel rods. Inserting a control rod further into the core causes more neutrons to be absorbed without contributing to fission in an adjacent fuel rod; and retracting the control rods reduces the extent of neutron absorption and increases the rate of the nuclear reaction and the power output of the core.
Patent documents
Commercial power plants employing this design are typically on the order of 1,100 megawatts or more. More recently, Westinghouse Electric Company LLC has proposed a small modular reactor in the 200 megawatt class. The small modular reactor is an integral pressurized water reactor with all primary loop components located inside the reactor vessel. The reactor vessel is surrounded by a compact, high pressure containment. Due to both the limited space within the containment and the low cost requirement for integral pressurized light water reactors, the overall number of auxiliary systems needs to be minimized without compromising safety or functionality. For that reason, it is desirable to maintain all the components in fluid communication with the primary loop of the reactor system within the compact, high pressure containment. One such auxiliary system is the core makeup tank and another such system is the passive residual heat removal system. However, there is limited space within the containment to accommodate these several systems.
A small modular reactor comprising a passive heat removal system is e.g. known from
Therefore, it is an object of this invention to simplify the core makeup tank system and the passive residual heat removal system so that their components interfacing with the primary reactor loop can be supported within the high pressure, compact containment of a small modular pressurized water reactor.
Additionally, it is a further object of this invention to combine the features of the core makeup tank system and the passive residual heat removal system to reduce the space requirement for those systems within the high pressure, compact containment.
These and other objectives are achieved by a small modular pressurized water reactor according to claim 1.
Further embodiments are defined in the dependent claims.
A further understanding of the invention claimed hereafter can be gained from the following description of the preferred embodiments when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
In an integral pressurized water reactor such as illustrated in
The heat exchanger 26/pressure vessel head 12 assembly is maintained within the containment 34. The external-to-containment steam drum 32 is comprised of a pressure vessel 38, rated for secondary design pressure. The external-to-containment steam drum 34 includes centrifugal type and chevron type moisture separation equipment, a feedwater distribution device and flow nozzles for wet steam, feedwater, recirculating liquid and dry steam, much as is found in a conventional steam generator design 18.
The flow of the primary reactor coolant through the heat exchanger 26 in the head 12 of the vessel 10 is shown by the arrows in the upper portion of
Both typical pressurized water reactor designs and advanced pressurized water reactor designs (such as the AP1000® offered by the Westinghouse Electric Company LLC, Cranberry Township, Pennsylvania) make use of both decay heat removal systems and high-head injection systems to prevent core damage during accident scenarios. In the Westinghouse small modular reactor design, illustrated in
As can be viewed from
During accident conditions, the reactor protection system signals the opening of the valve 80, allowing the cold, borated core makeup tank water to flow down through the exit piping 88 and into the cold leg region 78 of the reactor pressure vessel 10. Concurrently, hot reactor coolant then flows from the core exit region 82 into the core makeup tank 40 through the inlet piping 84, and then into the core makeup tank 40 inlet plenum 44. The hot reactor water then flows down through the tubes within the tube bundle 64 of the passive residual heat removal heat exchanger 42, and is cooled by cold secondary water flowing through the shell side of the passive residual heat removal heat exchanger in the secondary fluid plenum 64.
The secondary water, which is pressurized to prevent boiling, then flows upward through piping 68 to a second heat exchanger 72 in the ultimate heat sink tank 70, where it transfer heat to the cold water in the tank 70. The now cooled secondary water flows down through the return piping 66, and into the core makeup tank shell side 64 of the heat exchanger 42 to repeat the process. Both this ultimate heat sink loop and the core makeup tank primary loop are driven by natural circulation flows. The core makeup tank primary loop flow continues to remove decay heat from the reactor even after steam enters the core makeup tank inlet piping 84.
During an accident in which coolant is lost from the reactor pressure vessel 10, the water level in the reactor vessel drops as the passive residual heat removal heat exchanger 42 removes decay heat from the reactor 10. When the water level drops below the core makeup tank inlet piping entrance 82, steam enters the inlet piping and breaks the natural circulation cycle. At this point, the inventory of the core makeup tank (excluding the secondary shell side 64 of the passive residual heat removal heat exchanger) flows downward through the outlet piping under the steam pressure and into the reactor pressure vessel cold leg 78, effectively serving as high-head injection.
During refueling and outages, the core makeup tank/passive residual heat removal system cools the reactor and internals. Any number of these core makeup tanks can be incorporated into the small modular reactor design in order to provide decay heat removal capacity, provided there is space in the containment 34.
Thus, the combined core makeup tank/passive residual heat removal system of this invention will remove heat equal to or greater than the decay heat emitted by the core during accident and shutdown conditions. Additionally, this system will provide sufficient borated water to the reactor pressure vessel to maintain safe shutdown of the core during all accident scenarios and will provide sufficient makeup water to maintain water levels above the top of the core during loss of coolant accident conditions. Furthermore, this system occupies minimal space within the containment by combining two safety functions into a single effective system.
While specific embodiments of the invention have been described in detail, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various modifications and alternatives to those details could be developed in light of the overall teachings of the disclosure. Accordingly, the particular embodiments disclosed are meant to be illustrative only and not limiting as to the scope of the invention, which is defined in the appended claims.
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