Method and apparatus for transporting hot fluids through a well traversing a permafrost zone
阅读：600发布：2022-11-02
专利汇可以提供Method and apparatus for transporting hot fluids through a well traversing a permafrost zone专利检索，专利查询，专利分析的服务。并且Thawing of the permafrost around a well transporting hot fluids through a permafrost zone is prevented by a cyclic refrigeration operation in which the well is refrigerated by natural convection refrigeration operated only when the ambient conditions are suitable for the transfer of heat from the well to the atmosphere. The refrigeration system is a closed system comprised of one or more insulated conduits for transporting liquid refrigerant downwardly through the refrigerated zone, an annulus in the well for conducting the liquid refrigerant to the surface, a heat exchanger located at the surface to cool the refrigerant by heat exchange with ambient air, a refrigerant reservoir to maintain a supply of refrigerant in the system, and a temperature responsive shutoff device to stop the circulation of refrigerant during periods of high ambient temperature. The difference in density of the liquid refrigerant in the insulated conduit and the annulus induces circulation of refrigerant through the system.，下面是Method and apparatus for transporting hot fluids through a well traversing a permafrost zone专利的具体信息内容。
1. A refrigerated well for conducting hot fluids through a permafrost zone, which comprises: a first casing extending a substantial distance into said permafrost zone and cemented therein; a Second casing placed concentrically within said first casing, said second casing extending below said first casing and said second casing being cemented below the bottom of said first casing; sealing means at the top and the bottom of said first casing for providing a fluid tight closure between said first and second casings so as to form a closed annular refrigeration chamber; a production tubing within said second casing to convey fluids from an underlying producing strata to the surface or vice versa, said tubing being insulated through said permafrost zone; at least one insulated refrigerant tube in said annular refrigeration chamber extending from the surface to the bottom of said chamber; a heat exchanger at the surface for conducting a refrigerant in heat exchange relationship with ambient air; conduit means for connecting said annular refrigeration chamber to said heat exchanger and for connecting said heat exchanger to the upper end of each of said refrigerant tubes to provide a closed refrigeration circuit; valve means in said conduit means for stopping the circulation of regrigerant through said refrigeration circuit; a reservoir of liquid refrigerant connected to said refrigeration circuit; and means for introducing gas under pressure into said reservoir and maintaining said gas at a pressure sufficient to prevent vaporization of said liquid refrigerant in said refrigeration circuit.
2. The apparatus defined in claim 1 wherein the ratio of effective cross-sectional flow area of said annular refrigeration chamber to that of the refrigeration tubes is from about 100:1 to about 4:1.
3. The apparatus defined in claim 1 wherein the ratio of effective cross-sectional flow area of said annular refrigeration chamber to that of the refrigeration tubes is from about 30:1 to about 10:1.
4. The apparatus defined in claim 1 including temperature responsive means to close said valve means upon the ambient air temperature rising above a predetermined value.
5. The apparatus defined in claim 1 including temperature responsive means to close said valve means upon the difference between the ambient air temperature and the permafrost temperature reaching a predetermined value.
6. The apparatus defined in claim 1 wherein said first casing extends to the bottom of said permafrost zone.
7. A refrigerated well for conducting hot fluids through a permafrost zone, which comprises: a surface conductor cemented in the permafrost; a first casing placed concentrically within said surface conductor and extending a substantial distance into said permafrost zone, said first casing being cemented to the surface; a second casing placed concentrically within said first casing, said second casing extending below said first casing and said second casing being cemented below the bottom of said first casing; sealing means at the top and the bottom of said first casing for providing a fluid tight closure between said first and said second casing so as to form a closed annular refrigeration chamber; a production tubing within said second casing to convey fluids from an underlying producing strata to the surface or vice versa, said tubing being insulated through said permafrost zone; at least one insulated refrigerant tube in said annular refrigeration chamber extending from the surface to the bottom of said chamber, the number and size of said refrigerant tubes being such that the ratio of effective cross-sectional flow area of said annular refrigeration chamber to that of the refrigeration tubes is from about 30:1 to 10:1; a heat exchanger at the surface for conducting a refrigerant in heat exchange relationship with ambient air; conduit means for connecting said annular refrigeration chamber to said heat exchanger and for connecting said heat exchanger to the upper end of each of said refrigerant tubes to provide a closed refrigeration circuit; valve means in said coNduit means for stopping the circulation of refrigerant through said refrigeration circuit; a reservoir of liquid refrigerant connected to said refrigeration circuit; and means for introducing gas under pressure into said reservoir and maintaining said gas at a pressure sufficient to prevent vaporization of said liquid refrigerant in said refrigeration circuit.
8. The apparatus defined in claim 7 including temperature responsive means to close said valve means upon the ambient air temperature rising above a predetermined value.
9. The apparatus defined in claim 6 including temperature responsive means to close said valve means upon the difference between the ambient air temperature and permafrost temperature reaching a predetermined value.
10. The apparatus defined in claim 7 including one or more intermediate casings substantially concentrically placed within said second casing between said second casing and said production tubing and extending below said second casing, said intermediate casing being cemented below the bottom of said next outer casing.
11. A method for conducting hot fluids through a well traversing a permafrost zone without melting the permafrost surrounding the well, which comprises: flowing the hot fluid through an insulated first tubular member within said well; during the period that the ambient air temperature is below the temperature of the permafrost, circulating a cold liquid refrigerant by natural convection flow downwardly through an insulated refrigerant tube at relatively high velocity and upwardly through an annular refrigeration chamber surrounding said insulated first tubular member to remove heat transferred from said hot fluid and to subcool the permafrost surrounding the well; cooling the refrigerant exiting said refrigeration chamber by heat exchange with the ambient air; maintaining sufficient pressure on the refrigerant system to maintain the refrigerant in the liquid phase; and discontinuing the circulation of refrigerant when the ambient air temperature exceeds a predetermined temperature of not greater than the temperature of the permafrost.
12. The method defined in claim 11 wherein said refrigerant is a low molecular weight hydrocarbon, halogenated hydrocarbon, low molecular weight monohydric or polyhydric alcohol, aqueous brine solution, or a mixture thereof.
13. The method defined in claim 11 wherein the velocity of said refrigerant in said refrigerant tubes is about 0.2 to 1 foot per second, and the velocity of said refrigerant in said refrigeration chamber is about 0.01 to 0.05 foot per second.
14. A method for conducting hot fluids through a well traversing a permafrost zone without melting the permafrost surrounding the well, which comprises: flowing said hot fluid substantially continuously through an insulated first tubular member within said well; during periods that the ambient air temperature is below the temperature of the permafrost, circulating a cold liquid refrigerant selected from the group consisting of low molecular weight hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons, and mixtures thereof downwardly through an insulated refrigerant tube at a velocity of about 0.2 to 1 foot per second and upwardly through an annular refrigeration chamber surrounding said insulated first tubular member at a velocity of 0.01 to 0.05 foot per second to remove heat transferred from said hot fluid and to subcool the permafrost surrounding the well; cooling the refrigerant exiting said refrigeration chamber by heat exchange with the ambient air; recirculating cooled refrigerant to said refrigerant tube; maintaining sufficient pressure on the refrigerant system to maintain the refrigerant in the liquid phase throughout said system; and discontinuing the circulation of refrigerant when the ambient air temperature exceeds a predetermined temperature not greater than the temperature of the permafrost.
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