BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention is related to data processing systems and more specifically to a high speed, synchronous, binary counter implemented in a field programmable gate array.

2. Prior Art

An in-circuit emulator (ICE) duplicates and imitates the behavior of a chip it emulates by using programming techniques and special machine features to permit the ICE to execute micro code written for the chip that it imitates. Microprocessors each have their own reference clocks that provide timings for internal operations. Data and memory addresses are output to an information interchange bus for each microprocessor. In some configurations, two microprocessor information interchange buses are timing related to two mutually asynchronous reference clocks. To capture and display the operation of this configuration it is desirable that the contents of the two information interchange buses be time aligned so that events on both buses can be displayed in sequential order.

Events appear on the information interchange bus. The arrival times of these events are not synchronized to any single clock. In fact, several agents (microprocessors), each synchronized to a different clock frequency, can output events to the bus. The frequency of operation of each microprocessor can change dynamically, such that no one microprocessor always runs faster than all of the other microprocessors.

A module is provided that creates a "time stamp" for each event on two independently clocked trace buffers so that the events captured in the two buffers may be time-aligned. A high-speed time base counter is needed in this module to align the asynchronous events. This allows software to accurately reproduce and chronologically display the bus events of microprocessors that have multiple, asynchronous buses.

Previous designs of wide counters used carry logic which either limited the maximum speed of the counter or caused inaccurate time stamps when cascading from one stage to the next.

It is therefore an object of this invention to provide a counter that runs accurately at high speeds to align asynchronous events in an in-circuit emulator (ICE) bus trace logic.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Briefly, the above object is accomplished in accordance with the invention by providing a plurality of counter stages connected together in a chain of counter stages. Each stage of the chain being comprised of an n-bit counter. A standard carry output and an early carry output are provided from each counter stage of the chain. The early carry output of the first stage is asserted when a count of the first counter stage is equal to 2ⁿ -w, where n is the number of bits per stage and w is the number of stages. The early carry output of each stage subsequent to the first stage is asserted when the stage is at its maximum count and the early carry of the previous stage is asserted. The standard carry output provides a clock enable input to a next stage of the chain. The early carry output of one stage and the n counter outputs of the next stage are combined to thereby provide a next early carry out of the next counter stage. The standard carry is generated by a pipe. The pipe length of a stage is measured from the early carry of that stage to the maximum count of the first stage.

An advantage of this invention is that the high speed counter can be used in faster integrated circuit technology and can be ported to a high speed gate array to run at speeds grater than 100 MHz.

A further advantage is that the invention allows software to accurately reproduce and chronologically display the bus events of microprocessors that have multiple. asynchronous buses.

The foregoing and other objects, features, and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following more particular description of a preferred embodiment of the invention as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram of a counter in which the present invention is embodied; and,

FIG. 2 is a timing diagram of the operation of the logic shown in FIG. 1.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a counter in which the present invention is embodied. The counter is comprised of 12 stages, STAGE 1, STAGE 2 . . . STAGE 12, shown within the broken lines FIG. 1. The first two stages (STAGE 1 and STAGE 2) and the last three stages (STAGE 10, STAGE 11 and STAGE 12) of the chain are shown in FIG. 1. Stages 3-10 are identical, so only stage 10 is illustrated.

Each stage includes a four-bit counter (10) and a carry logic (12, 16), driven by a common clock input (CLK). Since twelve of these counters are cascaded, 48 bits are provided. Each four-bit counter produces four count outputs (Q0-Q3). An early carry output and a standard ripple carry output are generated at each stage. The standard ripple carry output of each stage is created by piping the early carry output for a number of clocks required to toggle the next stage in the chain and is asserted when the stage count reaches 0FH. The standard carry output is used as the clock enable (CLKEN) for the next stage.

The early carry of the first stage (STAGE 1) is output on a count which is based on the number of stages of the counter. In order to propagate synchronously to the last stage of the counter, the early carry must be asserted on the count of four for a 48-bit counter of twelve stages. The early carry of each stage is combined with the four counter outputs of the next stage to provide the next carry in the chain. This pattern continues until the last stage carry output occurs for one clock on the count of 0FFFFFFFFFFFFH to indicate counter overflow.

The counter of FIG. 1 can be described more generally as follows. A plurality of counter stages, stage 0, stage 1, stage 2 . . . stage s . . . are connected together in a chain of (w) counter stages. Each stage of the chain is comprised of an n-bit counter. A standard carry output and an early carry output are generated from each counter stage of the chain.

The early carry output of the first stage is asserted when a count of the first counter stage is equal to 2ⁿ -w, where n is the number of bits per stage and w is the number of stages. The early carry output of each stage subsequent to the first stage is asserted when the stage is at its maximum count and the early carry of the previous stage is asserted. The standard carry output provides a clock enable input to a next stage of the chain. The early carry output of one stage and the n counter outputs of the next stage are combined to thereby provide a next early carry out of the next counter stage. The standard carry is generated by a pipe. The pipe length of a stage is measured from the early carry of that stage to the maximum count of the first stage.

The circuits of FIG. 1 will now be described in more detail and with reference to FIG. 2 which is a timing diagram of the operation of the logic shown in FIG. 1. 10 clocks are required to generate the standard ripple carry (RC7) for STAGE 2. The standard ripple carry output (RC7) of STAGE 2 is created by piping through logic block (20) the early carry output (C10E7) from the logic block (18) for the required number of 10 clocks. The standard carry output (RC7) from logic block (20) is used as the clock enable (CLKEN) for the next stage, STAGE 3 (not shown).

What has been described is a high speed, synchronous, binary counter. In the embodiment shown herein a 48-bit counter implemented in a field programmable gate array which has run accurately at a clock speed of 66.67 MHz creating an accurate binary count with a resolution of 15 nS. The counter can be up to 64 bits wide. The maximum clock speed of the counter using Xilinx 3130-3 FPGA technology is 125 MHz creating an accurate binary count with a resolution of 8 nS. This 125 MHz 64-bit counter would overflow in 4680 years.

While the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing and other changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention.