专利汇可以提供PORTAL/NON-PORTAL IMAGE REGISTRATION SYSTEM专利检索,专利查询,专利分析的服务。并且A portal/non-portal image registration system for registering portal and non-portal images includes a user interface, an image preprocessing unit, a contour detecting unit, and an image registration unit. The user interface is operable for selecting points on portal and non-portal images. The image preprocessing unit is operable, with reference to the selected points, so as to adjust orientations and scales of the portal and non-portal images to obtain preprocessed portal and non-portal images. The contour detecting unit is operable so as to reconstruct contours of the preprocessed portal and non-portal images to obtain reconstructed portal and non-portal contours. The image registration unit includes a registering module operable so as to conduct image registration based upon feature information of the reconstructed portal and non-portal contours using Generalized Hough Transform.,下面是PORTAL/NON-PORTAL IMAGE REGISTRATION SYSTEM专利的具体信息内容。
What is claimed is:
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to image processing technology, more particularly to a portal/non-portal image registration system for radiation treatment planning.
2. Description of the Related Art
Patient positioning errors can result from two sources: system error and random error. The former is due to inaccuracies in system position setup, and the latter is caused by inconsistencies in patient position due to movement of the patient, such as breathing, during image acquisition.
In radiation treatment planning, a patient is required to be immobilized on a patient support system for taking an X-ray projection image, called simulation image, using a simulator. A portal image is taken subsequently for the patient using a linear accelerator to reveal a beam portal shape. In such a radiation treatment planning, a radiotherapist usually needs to compare anatomic features in the simulation and portal images to determine the correspondence thereof and to measure the system error. If the system error is outside an acceptable range, the system setup of the linear accelerator should be readjusted.
It is noted that, in the process of the radiation treatment planning, the patient positioning errors are usually measured by visual inspection, which is labor intensive. In addition, blurring characteristics in the portal image increase the difficulty when registering the portal image with the simulation image by human observation.
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a portal/non-portal image registration system for registering portal and non-portal images that can overcome the above drawbacks of the prior art.
Accordingly, a portal/non-portal image registration system for registering portal and non-portal images of this invention comprises a user interface, an image preprocessing unit, a contour detecting unit, and an image registration unit.
The user interface is operable for selecting a pair of points on the non-portal image and a pair of corresponding points on the portal image. The image preprocessing unit is operable, with reference to the points selected for the portal and non-portal images through the user interface, so as to adjust orientations of the portal and non-portal images to minimize an orientation difference therebetween, and to adjust scales of the portal and non-portal images to minimize a scale difference therebetween, thereby obtaining preprocessed portal and non-portal images. The contour detecting unit is operable so as to reconstruct contours of the preprocessed portal and non-portal images from the image preprocessing unit to thereby obtain reconstructed portal and non-portal contours. The image registration unit includes a registering module operable so as to conduct image registration based upon feature information of the reconstructed portal and non-portal contours using Generalized Hough Transform to thereby obtain a registered image output.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a computer-implemented portal/non-portal image registration method for registering portal and non-portal images capable of overcoming the above drawbacks of the prior art.
Accordingly, a portal/non-portal image registration method for registering portal and non-portal images of this invention comprises the following computer-implemented steps:
a) enabling selection of a pair of points on the non-portal image and a pair of corresponding points on the portal image through a user interface;
b) performing image preprocessing with reference to the points selected for the portal and non-portal images so as to obtain preprocessed portal and non-portal images, the image preprocessing including adjusting orientations of the portal and non-portal images to minimize an orientation difference therebetween, and adjusting scales of the portal and non-portal images to minimize a scale difference therebetween;
c) reconstructing contours of the preprocessed portal and non-portal images to obtain reconstructed portal and non-portal contours; and
d) performing image registration based upon feature information of the reconstructed portal and non-portal contours using Generalized Hough Transform, thereby obtaining a registered image output.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent in the following detailed description of the preferred embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings, of which:
Referring to
The user interface 11 is operable for selecting a pair of points on each of portal and non-portal images, which will be described in greater detail in the succeeding paragraphs. The non-portal image can be, but is not limited to, a simulation image taken by a simulator or a digitally reconstructed radiograph, and is exemplified as the simulation image in this embodiment. Preferably, the user interface 11 is further operable for selecting a region of interest (ROI) from each of the simulation and portal images.
The image preprocessing unit 12 includes an adjusting module 121, a contrast enhancing module 122, and a noise removing module 123. The adjusting module 121 is operable, with reference to the points selected for the simulation and portal images through the user interface 11, so as to adjust orientations of the simulation and portal images to minimize an orientation difference therebetween, and to adjust scales of the simulation and portal images to minimize a scale difference therebetween. After selecting the ROI from each of the simulation and portal images through the user interface 11, the contrast enhancing module 122 is operable so as to perform contrast enhancement upon the ROIs of the simulation and portal images, followed by a noise-removal processing performed by the noise removing module 123 to thereby obtain preprocessed simulation and portal images. In practice, the contrast enhancing module 122 may be a Gamma Filter, and the noise removing module 123 may be a 5×5 Average Filter.
The contour detecting unit 13 includes an initial contour detecting module having an initial contour detecting unit 131 and a sampling module 132, and a contour reconstructing module 133. The initial contour detecting unit 131 is operable so as to determine an optimal set of threshold values for each of the preprocessed simulation and portal images to thereby detect an initial contour for each of the preprocessed simulation and portal images using a modified Otsu's Method. The sampling unit 132 is operable so as to obtain sample points on each of the initial contours for the preprocessed simulation and portal images. Subsequently, the contour reconstructing module 133 is operable so as to obtain reconstructed simulation and portal contours from the sample points obtained by the sampling unit 132 using a cubic spline function. Preferably, the user interface 11 is further operable so as to remove unwanted portions or to select desired portions of the initial contours for the preprocessed simulation and portal images prior to sampling of the initial contours by the sampling unit 132.
The image registration unit 14 includes a registering module 141 for conducting image registration based upon feature information of the reconstructed simulation and portal contours using Generalized Hough Transform to thereby obtain a registered image output, and an image fusing module 142 for fusing the registered image output.
Preferably, the user interface 11 is operable to select isocenters for both of the reconstructed simulation and portal contours after fusing the registered image output. According to the isocenters, the portal/non-portal image registration system 1 is operable to calculate a position error of the isocenters, and to provide information about the position error to a radiotherapist.
Referring to
Further referring to
wherein the portal image 4 is rotated at an angle (−θ), and (x, y) represents coordinates of the original image point to be rotated into new coordinates (x′, y′).
After adjusting orientations of the simulation and portal images 3 and 4, scale adjustment is further performed using the adjusting module 121 to minimize the scale difference between the simulation and portal images 3 and 4, i.e., the simulation and portal images 3 and 4 have approximately the same scale, i.e., |{right arrow over (V)}simulation|=|{right arrow over (V)}portal|, after scale adjustment.
In step 202, the ROI is selected from each of the simulation and portal images 3, 4 through the user interface 11 of the portal/non-portal image registration system 1. Step 203 involves contrast enhancement upon the ROIs of the simulation and portal images 3, 4 performed by the contrast enhancing module 122 of the image preprocessing unit 12. Subsequently, in step 204, noise-removal processing is performed by the noise removing module 123 of the image preprocessing unit 12, to obtain the preprocessed simulation and portal images. Since contrast enhancement and noise-removal processing are known in the art, further details of the same will be omitted herein for the sake of brevity.
Step 205 is to determine an optimal set of threshold values using the initial contour detecting unit 131. First, each of the preprocessed simulation and portal images is divided using a set of orthogonally intersecting horizontal lines 51 and vertical lines 52 that are evenly distributed as shown in
wherein (x,y) are pixel coordinates, and I is the pixel value on the lines 51, 52.
Second, a gradient of each pixel on the lines 51, 52 is calculated based upon the mean values Ī(x,y) using the following equation set,
∇g(x,y)=Ī(x,y+1)−Ī(x,y) for vertical lines, and (4)
∇g(x,y)=Ī(x+1,y)−Ī(x,y) for horizontal lines. (5)
Subsequently, the optimal set of the threshold values for each of the preprocessed simulation and portal images is determined based upon the equation,
{k1*,k2*}∈{Īm|Īm=median[Ī(x,y),Ī(∇gt(x,y))]}, (6)
wherein ∇gt(x,y) is the tth one of the five highest ∇g(x,y) of each line, and Īm is a median pixel value from the five highest ∇g(x,y) and the mean value Ī(x,y) of each line.
Next, step 206 is to construct an initial contour 61 (see
Step 207 is to reconstruct contours of the preprocessed simulation and portal images using the contour reconstructing module 133 of the contour detecting unit 13 to obtain reconstructed simulation and portal contours 63 shown in
Further referring to
Subsequently, an accumulator array H is built by mapping the R-table into corresponding points 651 on the reconstructed portal contour 65 to obtain the second reference point 652 for the reconstructed portal contour 65 corresponding to the first reference point 642. In particular, the registering module 141 shifts all the vectors 643 to the corresponding points 651 as their originating points to define a set of inverse vectors. The accumulator array H is built based upon the inverse vectors, and is composed of elements p(x,y), defined as p(x,y)=p(x,y)+1, if p(x,y) is in a path of the inverse vectors, and otherwise p(x,y)=p(x,y)+0. The second reference point 652 is a point intersected by the inverse vectors with a maximum number of times, i.e., the second reference point 652 can be obtained based upon the equation, R′=Max{∪ p(x,y)}.
Step 209 is to perform image registration using the registering module 141 based upon the first and second reference points 642, 652 of the reconstructed simulation and portal contours 64, 65 to thereby obtain a registered image output. In step 210, image fusion is performed by the image fusing module 142 of the image registration unit 14 based upon the registered image output.
After fusing the registered image output, the user interface 11 allows the user to select isocenters for both of the reconstructed simulation and portal contours. A position error of the isocenters can then be calculated via the portal/non-portal image registration system 1, such that information about the position error can be subsequently provided to a radiotherapist.
While the present invention has been described in connection with what is considered the most practical and preferred embodiment, it is understood that this invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiment but is intended to cover various arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the broadest interpretation so as to encompass all such modifications and equivalent arrangements.
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