This is a division of application Ser. No. 741,298, filed Nov. 12, 1976.

This invention relates to antiperspirant formulations containing an antihistamine, alone or in combination with at least one astringent metallic salt, as an active ingredient and a method for controlling and preventing perspiration when applied topically to humans.

Eccrine sweat glands, which secrete copius liquid sweat, are activated through cholinergic fiber innervation, by acetylcholine, which is liberated at the stimulated nerve endings. Apocrine sweat glands are fewer in number and unlike the general distribution of eccrine glands, localized in areas such as the axillae. While the eccrine gland responds primarily to thermal stimuli, apocrine glands are responsive to muscular activity and emotional stimuli. The apocrines are thought to be responsive to andrenergic circulatory epinephrine only.

Traditionally, metal salts having astringent properties have been used to inhibit perspiration, particularly the astringent salts of aluminum, zinc, zirconium or rare earth metals. Such salts often require a number of applications over a period of time to reach a satisfactory level of antiperspirant activity. The salts tend to react with the skin, changing its chemical composition and halides of aluminum, perhaps the most widely used ingredient, possess other disadvantages such as axillary irritation, attributed to their low pH, fabric damage and fabric staining. These salts are thought to react with skin proteins, causing coagulation, swelling, and, thus, blockage of sweat glands in a nonselective manner. Difficulty in overcoming these drawbacks increases with the amount of astringent salt used. Also, as reported in U.S. Pat. No. 3,767,786, they are ineffective on some users.

The use of metallic salts exhibiting astringent action is exemplified by U.S. patents to MacMillan et al (U.S. Pat. No. 3,678,156); Wetzel et al (U.S. Pat. No. 3,555,145); Dobson et al (U.S. Pat. No. 3,499,916); Mummert (U.S. Pat. No. 3,395,214); Miechowski (U.S. Pat. No. 3,325,367); Abramson (U.S. Pat. No. 2,893,918); and Daley (U.S. Pat. No. 2,814,584).

It would be therefore desirable to be able to use these salts in amounts modest enough not to be objectionable, in the various ways discussed above.

The range of dosages which the prior art has disclosed as being effective for these metallic astringents has been 1-10% for aluminum chloride, aluminum sulfate or aluminum chlorhydroxide when in combination with 0.02%-0.5% of silver protein (U.S. Pat. No. 2,893,918) and 3% for zirconium or hafnium salt in combination with 2-20% aluminum salt (U.S. Pat. No. 2,814,584). Sprayable foams of 15-35% antiperspirant and aerosols of 6-15% are reported in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,395,214 and 3,555,145. Apparently, in amounts less than those disclosed these salts are not adequately effective to control sweating.

Other antiperspirant compositions have been developed which, as disclosed in DeSalva et al (U.S. Pat. No. 3,755,538) use analgesics, hypotensive agents, local anesthetics and antispasmodics. Likewise, antiperspirant compositions containing sodium or lithium tetraarylboron compounds (Loomans, U.S. Pat. No. 3,726,968) and titanium compounds (Berger, U.S. Pat. No. 3,090,728) have been prepared.

U.S. Pat. No. 3,678,156 teaches that certain sulfoxides are useful to enhance penetration of pharmacologically active substances. Disclosed in the patent are conventional antiperspirants such as astringent metal salts (in amounts of 5 to 50 percent), anticholinergics, antimicrobials, antibiotics, anesthetics and also antihistamines. Metapyrilene hydrochloride with decyl methyl sulfoxide is suggested for treating allergic reactions. There is no disclosure nor suggestion to use an antihistamine for controlling perspiration, or that an antihistamine could possess such useful property.

Other attempts to inhibit sweating are known. Various anticholinergic agents have been employed as antiperspirants, principal ones being various esters of the Belladonna alkaloids scopolamine and atropine. Such esters are disclosed in U.S. Patents to MacMillan (U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,312,709; 3,325,768; 3,767,786) and Moffett (U.S. Pat. No. 3,624,200).

Although the potential utility of anticholinergic agents in cosmetic antiperspirant formulations has been recognized, such utilization has been retarded because the classic anticholinergics do not provide adequate control of perspiration at levels which are physiologically safe. Prior art has disclosed scopolamine esters to be virtually the only anticholinergic agents which have levels which are both safe and at the same time effective. These scopolamines esters, however, are known to have a tendency to hydrolyze and lose activity over protracted periods of time. Furthermore, there is the possibility of undesirable systemic side effects should such active ingredients be removed from the local area of application by the circulatory system.

It is evident that numerous attempts have been made to solve the problem of objectionable sweating and yet no satisfactory solution is available. There is a real need for a safe and effective product and treatment for preventing sweating.

The use of antihistamines as antipruritics has been known for the treatment of hypersensitivity reactions by topical application in such forms as ointments. (See Waldriff et al, Archives of Dermatology and Syphilology. 61;6 March 1950). This involves treatment of symptoms in areas of the body which are exposed to external immunogen agents, such as the face and exposed suface areas of the limbs where cases of "poison ivy" and the like are commonly evidenced. Typical antihistamines which have been reported as antipruritic include chlorpheniramine maleate, tripelennamine hydrochloride and methapyrilene hydrochloride. Such treatment with topical antihistamine preparations has not heretofore been directed to the prophylactic control of nonimmunological functions.

Compositions of the present invention, as disclosed herein, are effectively applied to normally unexposed areas of the body other than the axillae as well, such as the soles of the feet.

The compositions of the present invention comprises an antihistamine, or physiologically acceptable salt thereof, in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. They are typically dispersed in a topical medium as the carrier of choice.

The invention provides a method for controlling sweating by topically administering to an area of a human body which has sweat glands, such as the axillae, an amount effective to control such perspiration of a composition which is safe and effective and includes as active ingredient an antihistamine. The antihistamine can be used, in accordance with the invention in conjunction with metal salts of the type discussed above.

The amounts in which these ingredients are used in accordance with the invention is noteworthy. Particularly, it has been noted that, in accordance with the invention, the metal salt is adequately effective against sweating when used jointly with the antihistamine, in amounts which normally were considered too low to be effective. This may be suggest a coaction or synergism of those two ingredients, though not a theory on which the invention is predicated. The invention also makes possible the use of the antihistamine in quite modest amounts. Another noteworthy aspect of the invention is the prolonged and extended protection which the application of the composition of the invention makes available. Indeed, it appears that applications following the first administration of the composition are equally if not more effective than the first. Often in topical application of medicaments, the skin tends to become less receptive to further applications so that applications must be repeated in increased amounts for effective treatments.

In the composition of the invention the antihistamine is present in an amount from 0.5% to 2% but it can be present in smaller amounts like 0.01% to less than 0.5% or in amounts over 2% to 10%.

In accordance with the invention various antihistamines, in general the traditional antihistamines effective against H₁ receptors, can be used in controlling excessive perspiration. Contemplated antihistamines in the present invention are among others: ethanolamines like diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate and carbinoxamine; ethylenediamines like pyrilamine, tripelennamine, antazoline and methapyriline; alkylamines like chlorpheniramine and brompheniramine; phenothiazines like promethazine; piperazines like cyclizine and meclizine; and the following: dixylamine, phenyltoloxamine, thenyldiamine, thonzylamine, cyproheptadine, dimethindene, pyrrobutamine, triprolidene, antazoline and clemizole.

Preferred compositions of the invention include the following: diphenhydramine, chlorpheniramine and tripelennamine.

The antihistamines are listed in the National Formulary or United States Pharmacopeia, are available commercially, many over-the-counter, and are sold under various trade names such as those listed in the Physician's Desk Reference (30th Edition) 1976. Commercial availability and government approval of these compounds for use as antihistamines contribute to the utility of the present invention.

Salts of the antihistamines which are useful in the present invention include the salts of strong inorganic acids like sulfuric, hydrochloric, phosphoric and the like and of organic carboxylic (mono and poly) acids like acetic, maleic, etc.

The compositions of this invention use antihistamines to inhibit the secretion or excretion of substances which give rise to offensive odors. Of special importance is the extended period of time following a single application during which representative compositions have been found to remain effective in clinical testing. Other aspects of these embodiments of the invention will become apparent in the description which follows.

Another important embodiment of the invention is a composition including an antihistamine in combination with an astringent metal salt for effective inhibition or control of perspiration. A typical salt is aluminum chloride. While the salts which are used in accordance with the invention are generally the traditional salts discussed above, it will become apparent that their use, that could not be properly exploited heretofore, in conjunction with antihistamine, open new practical applications.

One such aspect is the amount of metal salt and the relative amounts of antihistamine. The amount of antihistamine or metal salt useful may vary under the circumstances such as ambient temperature and the skin surface area to which it is applied. What is noteworthy is that the compositions of this embodiment generally permit the metal salt concentration to be less than about 1% with the concentration effectively ranging from as little as from about 0.1% to about 1%. The compositions are effective, when the metal salts are present, in amount below that which is essentially noneffective to close pores, thus less than previously necessary for that effect of the metal salt.

In this embodiment of the invention, the composition can contain antihistamines which ranges from a perceptible amount to a maximum limited essentially only by reasons of economy. A preferred range of antihistamine concentration is from 0.01% to about 5% by weight of the antihistamine, preferably from 0.01% to 2%. This amount is less than that when the antihistamine is used alone, thus suggesting a mode of coaction with the metal salt heretofore apparently unobserved.

Astringent metal salts which are useful in the present invention are those disclosed in the prior art which for example include: aluminum salts, zinc salts or zirconium salts, alone or in combination. Many others can be used in the invention, and the patents discussed above are included herein by reference.

In other aspects the antiperspirant composition of the invention may contain conventional materials and ingredients and conform to pharmacologically accepted formulations.

To that effect, the antiperspirant composition of the invention should preferably be adjusted to a pH compatible with the skin and optimal for antihistamine activity, such as a pH from 3 to 6.5.

Carriers into which the active ingredients can be incorporated to produce satisfactory antiperspirant composition are those commonly employed for topical application of cosmetics or pharmaceuticals. Such carriers or vehicles include lotions, ointments, aerosols, water solutions, creams (preferably of the oil-in-water type), pulverulent mixtures, gelled sticks and the like. Depending on the physical nature of the vehicle or carrier employed, the method of this invention can be practiced by applying such compositions topically in any appropriate manner according to the particular type of carrier employed.

In preparing the desired pharmaceutical form of the present compositions, various additives, diluents and adjuvants can be utilized. These illustratively include perfumes, essential oils, surfactants, ointment type bases, higher fatty acids, propellants, thickening agents, humectants, deodorants, antibiotics, silicone-type fluids and solid diluents as is known in the art.

For illustration of U.S. patents disclosing pharmaceutically or dermatologically acceptable compositions reference is made to U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,767,786; 3,326,768; and those recited therein which are incorporated by reference.

The compositions of the invention were tested on human patients in accordance with traditional accepted procedures.

Two methods were used to test the effectiveness of the antiperspirant compositions of this invention and to illustrate their administration, and other compositions with which they were compared. The two methods were the "axilla" method and the "ambient air" method.

The axilla method involves direct measurement of the weight of perspiration secreted in the axilla. This test is a traditionally accepted test for perspiration since the axilla is the area of most practical importance in the inhibition of perspiration. The present method is somewhat similar to the axilla method disclosed in the U.S. Pat. No. 3,326,786 of Kilmer et al, in that both methods use a gravimetric measure of the amount of perspiration produced in the axilla to determine the antiperspirant effect. Compositions of the present invention, as disclosed herein, are effectively applied to normally unexposed areas of the body other than the axillae as well, such as the soles of the feet.

Men and women were enrolled as subjects for this test. They were required to abstain for the use of all antiperspirant materials for 14 days prior to and throughout the test period. Soap and water and/or deodorant preparations could be used, however, as desired. The test was performed in one five-day period.

Control collections were made on the first day of the test week and test materials applied after the control collections were made. The subjects were treated with the test materials on the second day of the test but no secretions were collected.

On the third, fourth and fifth days of the test week, applications of the test materials were made one hour prior to collection. The axillae were washed with a two percent soap solution and rinsed with tepid water prior to each application. Applications were made to both axillae of all subjects with the antihistamine containing compositions of the present invention being applied to one axilla and the control or non-antihistamine containing composition being applied to the other. Assignments of each sample to each subject for the test week were randomized. After application, the subjects equilibrated at room temperature (approximately 68 degrees F.) for one hour. Perspiration of the test subjects was then induced by seating the subjects in a room maintained at 102°±2° F. and at a relative humidity of about 35%. A recording wet bulb dry thermometer, as well as a recording electronic thermocouple was kept in the room during the collection procedures.

During the first 20 minutes of the stimulation period, the subjects held unweighed pads of "Webril" (non-woven 4"×4" cotton padding fabric) in the axillae. This preliminary warm-up period was followed by one 20 minute collection period, during which the subjects held weighed 4"×4" Webril pads in their axillae. After the collection period, the pads were removed from the axillae and weighed to determine the amount of perspiration produced. The reduction in sweating produced by the antihistamine containing composition of the invention as compared to the non-antihistamine containing antiperspirant composition was obtained by fitting the results from the axilla method into the following formula: ##EQU1##

The following examples are not limiting the invention but are merely illustrative thereof.

EXAMPLE 1

400 mg. solutions of witch hazel containing 1% diphenhydramine hydrochloride were compared for antiperspirant efficacy with a leading antiperspirant composition, identified by the trademark name Arrid Extra Dry, which is reported to be an aluminum chlorohydrate composition containing no active antihistamine compound, using the axilla method on human subjects. The results from this test are shown in Table 1 below.

The total number of subjects was 36. Subjects 1-18 were female and 19-36 were male. Control data from the first day of testing is shown in column A and column B under the heading "Day 1". Column A represents the net gain in milligrams of perspiration produced in the untreated antihistamine axilla of the subjects being tested, and column B represents the net gain in milligrams of the perspiration produced in the untreated Arrid axilla. As described above, the antiperspirant compositions to be compared were applied to the subjects on the second day of testing; however, no secretions were collected. Consequently, no data from the second day of testing appears in Table 1.

Column C under the heading "Day 3" represents the difference in milligrams of the net gain in perspiration between the axillae treated with the antihistamine containing composition and the non-antihistamine containing composition. A positive number indicates a greater reduction in perspiration produced by the axillae treated with the antihistamine containing composition of the invention. A negative (-) sign preceding the number indicates greater reduction in the perspiration produced by the axillae treated with the non-antihistamine containing composition. Column E under "Day 4" and column G under "Day 5" represent similar data obtained on those respective days of the test.

Column D under "Day 3" and columns F and H under "Day 4" and "Day 5" respectively represent the corresponding percentage of reduction in sweating for the difference between axillae treated with the antihistamine containing composition and the non-antihistamine containing composition.

                                  TABLE 1__________________________________________________________________________COMPARATIVEEFFECTIVENESS OF AXILLARY ANTIPERSPIRANTSDay 1        Day 3      Day 4      Day 5SubjectA   B   C     D    E     F    G   HNo.  mgs.    mgs.        mgs.  %    mgs.  %    mgs.                                  %__________________________________________________________________________1    426 457 129   37.61                   24    11.27                              102 43.402    361 358 138   39.76                   112   34.67                              45  17.443    351 325 11    3.50 20    8.09 18  8.304    364 357 99    28.77                   94    27.64                              24  8.825    398 415 41    11.88                   85    23.41                              109 35.506    442 412 29    9.41 31    10.36                              83  27.217    308 408 104   30.05                   38    16.45                              61  27.238    337 346 87    30.10                   120   34.09                              92  28.489    318 317 75    27.17                   75    28.73                              104 37.0110   446 420 96    32.76                   95    34.92                              66  29.4611   328 345 39    13.63                   61    22.76                              40  14.1312   519 529 130   29.47                   104   34.78                              60  26.3113   406 430 95    27.22                   107   29.72                              77  23.1214   359 309 57    19.32                   111   32.64                              87  29.5915   400 328 53    16.01                   55    19.03                              60  23.4316   405 592 -114  -51.35                   -135  -59.21                              -.091                                  -38.3917   305 402 120   31.41                   96    28.31                              53  18.8618   497 381 119   34.49                   53    18.21                              70  24.2219   557 337 49    15.21                   102   28.25                              -78 27.3620   325 410 101   31.96                   142   40.57                              137 38.1621   524 338 54    15.83                   71    24.06                              81  27.2722   503 509 122   38.60                   67    21.40                              83  27.5723   333 460 234   52.46                   220   49.55                              216 48.8724   649 492 -110  20.91                   -55   9.48 -88 23.0925   642 762 219   39.96                   163   31.53                              118 25.5426   628 605 49    15.86                   23    8.04 51  18.8927   465 427 35    10.48                   101   26.23                              38  11.6928   441 302 46    17.23                   27    10.51                              28  10.0029   469 442 -19   5.44 74    23.47                              136 41.8530   355 428 95    26.46                   73    24.50                              95  30.1631   656 411 21    6.82 27    10.47                              21  10.6132   362 558 11    2.98 42    11.67                              15  5.0033   323 305 91    43.33                   71    29.58                              10  4.5734   572 480 12    4.08 41    14.70                              22  7.0735   453 388 115   37.10                   123   43.00                              111 38.5436   393 411 97    25.33                   182   46.19                              70  20.40__________________________________________________________________________

As product was applied to both axillae in the study, changes in the level of perspiration is extimated by using the control day as a base. The technique indicates both products significantly effective on all treatment days. Treatment Day 3/control ratios, the best for each product, average 0.531 for diphenhydramine hydrochloride and 0.704 for Arrid. The diphenhydramine hydrochloride/Arrid ratio, adjusted for the control period, averaged 0.752. Thirty-four of the thirty-six panelists experienced superior performance with diphenhydramine hydrochloride.

Number of panelists perspiring less on the antihistamine treated axillae, mean amounts perspired on dipehnhydramine hydrochloride (A) and Arrid (B) axillae, mean differences and mean A/B ratios appear in Table 2.

              TABLE 2______________________________________        n                     Δ   n    A < B   --A     --B   B - A A/B______________________________________Control   36     16      434.4 422.1 12.3  1.026Test 1    36     34      266.5 337.9 71.3  .775   2      36     34      247.1 320.4 62.5  .763   3      36     34      231.4 295.0 56.1  .775Average Test     36     34      248.3 317.8 69.2  .771Average Test/     36     34                  81.7  .752Control______________________________________

All thirty-six panelists experienced a reduction in perspiration with both products. Day 3 proved significantly more effective than Day 1 for the antihistamine containing compositions and than Days 1 and 2 for Arrid. Treatment Day 3/control ratios averaged 0.531 for diphenhydramine hydrochloride and 0.704 for Arrid. A more detailed summary is provided in Table 3.

              TABLE 3______________________________________Diphenhydramine hydrochloride/Control                                  --Δ           n     n A < C                        --A  --C  --C - --A                                         A/C______________________________________Treatment Day     1     36    26     266.5                             434.4                                  167.9  .608     2     36    36     247.1                             434.4                                  187.4  .564     3     36    36     231.4                             434.4                                  203.0  .531Average         36    36     248.3                             434.4                                  186.1  .567______________________________________Arrid/Control                                  --Δ           n     n B < C                        --B  --C  --C- --B                                         B/C______________________________________Treatment Day     1     36    33     337.9                             422.1                                  84.2   .804     2     36    32     320.4                             422.1                                  101.7  .758     3     36    36     295.0                             422.1                                  127.1  .704Average         36    36     317.8                             422.1                                  104.4  .754______________________________________

EXAMPLE II

400 mg. solutions of 70% isopropylalcohol containing 2% chlorpheniramine maleate were compared for antiperspirant efficacy with control compositions of 400 mg. solutions of witch hazel water (14% alcohol) using the axillae method substantially as described above on human subjects. The results of this test are shown in Table 4 below.

The total number of subjects tested was twenty-four; twelve males and twleve females. Data from the first day of testing is shown in column A and column B under the heading "Day 1". As before, columns A and B represent the net gain in milligrams of perspiration produced in the untreated antihistamine and control axillae.

On the second day of testing, the composition to be compared were applied to the subjects in accordance with the procedure set forth in Example I. However, in this case, secretions were collected on the second day and on this day only.

Column C under the heading "Day 2" represents the difference in milligrams of the net gain in perspiration between the axillae treated with the antihistamine containing composition and the control composition. As explained in Example I a positive number indicates a greater reduction in perspiration produced by the axillae treated with the antihistamine containing composition, while a negative (-) sign preceding the number indicates a greater reduction in the perspiration produced by the axillae treated with the control composition.

Column D under "Day 2" represents the percentage of perspiration reduction which the difference between the treated axillae and the control composition represents.

              TABLE 4______________________________________COMPARATIVE EFFECTIVENESS OFCOMPOSITION CONTAINING CHLOROPHENIRAMINEMALEATE VS. CONTROL SOLUTION  DAY 1         DAY 2SUBJECT  A         B         C       DNO.      mgs       mgs       mgs     %______________________________________1        320       387       117     31.2832        390       381       85      19.9533        380       375       57      12.0514        323       324       65      20.5705        277       323       36      12.7666        393       362       136     42.6337        333       338       11      3.1438        372       302       82      24.1189        312       341       38      10.55510       467       447       157     43.61111       396       369       103     28.06512       393       282       25      9.15813       402       403       -5      1.40814       831       891       295     27.31515       450       427       129     27.10116       319       365       55      14.58917       320       336       72      24.82818       423       436       146     31.39819       486       412       52      14.13020       937       1,004     500     35.89421       395       485       195     47.67722       433       393       40      9.13223       444       349       53      12.55924       355       403       120     29.056______________________________________

As shown in the table, in nearly every case there was a significant decrease in the amount of perspiration produced by those axillae treated with the antihistamine composition compared to those treated with the control solutions.

The total number of subjects, number perspiring less on the treated axillae (T), mean amounts perspired on the treated (T) and untreated (U) axillae, the mean untreated-treated differences and mean treated/untreated ratios appear in Table 5.

              TABLE 5______________________________________       n                     Δ  n    T < U   --T     --U   --U- --T                                    T/U______________________________________Control  24     11      425.5 419.8 -5.8   1.021Test     24     22      342.1 444.5 102.4  .779Test/Control    24     22                  108.2  .761______________________________________

As shown, treatment was significantly effective in reducing perspiration of both males and females.

EXAMPLE III

400 mg solutions of 70% alcohol containing 2% tripelennamine hydrochloride were compared for antiperspirant efficacy with 400 mg. solutions of witch hazel (14% alcohol) using the axillae method as described in Example II on twenty-four human subjects; twelve males and twelve females. The results from this test are shown in Table 6 below:

              TABLE 6______________________________________  DAY 1         DAY 2SUBJECT  A         B         C       DNO.      mgs       mgs       mgs     %______________________________________1        399       368       68      19.9672        399       385       22      5.9623        306       314       95      32.0954        430       420       66      17.5535        377       396       188     48.2056        354       346       83      24.1987        448       496       85      20.7328        461       445       56      16.9189        358       327       45      11.25010       368       527       326     50.00011       822       1.098     209     20.59112       413       480       215     43.96713       384       388       36      8.95514       348       395       93      24.60315       426       474       85      18.12416       279       323       170     37.86217       406       460       223     51.74018       376       396       93      24.40919       1.271     505       -136    20.26820       453       441       33      7.63921       483       435       108     29.67022       307       306       108     35.76223       299       311       116     32.49324       335       396       184     44.552______________________________________

The total number of subjects, number perspiring less on the treated (T) axilla, mean amounts perspired on the treated (T) and untreated (U) axillae, the mean untreated-treated differences and mean treated/untreated ratios appear in Table 7.

              TABLE 7______________________________________       n                     Δ  n    T < U   -- T    -- U  -- U- -- T                                    T/U______________________________________Control  24     14      437.6 434.7 2.9    .983Test     24     23      323.2 430.3 107.1  .731Test/Control    24     23                  110.0  .743______________________________________

As shown, treatment was significantly effective in reducing perspiration of both males and females.

EXAMPLE IV

Further tests were conducted to determine the effectiveness of the antihistamine containing compositions under ambient conditions. These tests were designated ambient air tests.

Both male and female subjects who had abstained from using antiperspirants in the axillae for 10 days or more were employed as test subjects. On Day "O", the subjects were fitted with a preweighed absorbent halter and permitted to leave the laboratory for four hours. During this time, no restrictions were imposed upon the kinds or amounts or their activity. After four hours, they returned to the laboratory, and the halters were removed and weighed. The difference in weight was determined to be the amount of auxillary perspiration produced. The collection period was always 12:00 Noon to 4:00 P.M.

On treatment days, the subjects were treated under each axilla at 11:00 A.M. and the halters were fitted one hour later at 12:00 Noon. One axilla was treated with a solution of diphenhydramine hydrochloride in witch hazel (14% alcohol) in which the concentration of the diphenhydramine hydrochloride was varied and the other axilla was treated with a solution of witch hazel (14% alcohol) and served as the control. The axillae were treated one hour prior to starting the collection. Assignments of the samples tested were randomized. Application was by pump spray.

As before, the subjects were permitted to leave the laboratory for four hours with no restrictions placed upon the kinds or amounts of their activity.

At the end of the four hours, the halters were removed and weighted to determine the amount of perspiration produced.

(A) A solution of diphenhydramine hydrochloride was tested for antiperspirant efficacy, using the ambient air method on 10 human subjects. The solution contained 1% diphenhydramine hydrochloride in 200 mgs. witch hazel (14% alcohol). A solution of witch hazel (14% alcohol) was used as a control. The results of this test are shown in Table 8.

On the treatment day (indicated in Table 8 as Day T*), one axilla was treated with the antihistamine containing solution and the other axilla was treated with the control solution one hour prior to starting the collection. Applications of the test and control solutions were randomized. Axillae treated with the diphenhydramine hydrochloride containing solutions are indicated in the table by double asterisk **.

              TABLE 8______________________________________Subject  Day O            Day T*#      Left Axilla            Right Axilla                       Left Axilla                               Right Axilla______________________________________1      413       441        252**   4162      436       499        501     264**3      392       462        386     301**4      279       240        188**   2655      351       319        317     195**6      358       444        330     264**7      295       316        211**   3718      308       342        197**   3169      352       365        206**   30110     305       371        295     231**______________________________________ *Day T  one axilla treated with 200 mgs. 1% diphen hydramine hydrochlorid in witch hazel (14% alcohol); the other axilla treated with witch hazel (14% alcohol) 1 hour prior to starting collection. **Axilla treated with diphenhydramine hydrochloride.

(B) A solution of 400 mgs. of witch hazel (14% alcohol) containing 2% diphenhydramine hydrochloride was tested for antiperspirant efficacy on human subjects using the ambient air method as described above. The results are represented in Table 9 below.

              TABLE 9______________________________________Subject  Day O            Day T*#      Left Axilla            Right Axilla                       Left Axilla                               Right Axilla______________________________________1      274       358        285     201**2      360       390        345     180**3      383       393        130**   3874      469       419        412     116**5      462       521        200**   4816      371       366         90**   3127      374       462        216**   5178      331       439        375     211**9      245       277         8**    36110     318       391        424     160**______________________________________ *Day T  one axilla treated with 400 mgs. 2% diphenhydramine hydrochloride in Witch Hazel (14% alcohol); the other axilla treated with Witch Hazel 1 hour prior to starting collection. **Axilla treated with diphenhydramine hydrochloride.

(C) A solution of 400 mgs. of witch hazel (14% alcohol) containing 1% diphenhydramine hydrochloride was tested for antiperspirant efficacy, using the ambient air method. The procedure followed was substantially as before; however, in this particular test, 20 subjects were used and treatment of the axillae was made on two separate days. As before, a solution of witch hazel (14% alcohol) served as a control. The results are shown in Table 10.

              TABLE 10______________________________________  Day O     Day T1 *                        Day T2 *    Left    Right   Left  Right Left  RightSubjects #    Axilla  Axilla  Axilla                          Axilla                                Axilla                                      Axilla______________________________________1        391     403     371   201** 384   194**2        274     317      80** 343    60** 3533        384     361     158** 390   167** 4614        295     381     311   140** 330   126**5        417     482     396   121** 327    78**6        381     431     101** 462   116** 3747        362     412     138** 398   127** 3848        296     342     302   134** 279   130**9        360     384     412   104** 318    91**10       323     374     162** 333   138** 34611       374     396     337   15%** 362   147**12       416     441      54** 401    36** 41213       312     392     306   162** 347   176**14       274     316     291    78** 287    48**15       337     301     106** 348   100** 33216       410     395     351   118** 363    92**17       367     411     309   129** 324   102**18       296     327      88** 366    62** 38319       384     368     162** 401   137** 31920       301     373     128** 323   101** 368______________________________________ *Day T, and T2  one axilla treated with 400 mgs. 1% diphenhydramine hydrochloride in witch hazel (14% alcohol); the other axilla treated with witch hazel 1 hour prior to starting collection. **Axilla treated with diphenydramine hydrochloride.

In summary, the ambient air tests showed very marked reductions in perspiration following application of diphenhydramine hydrochloride (in 1% and 2% solutions). Each of the twenty panelists tested the product two separate weeks. All twenty panelists experienced a reduction of perspiration of at least 29% following one application the first week and at least 49% following two applications the second week.

Mean amounts perspired on the diphenhydramine hydrochloride in witch hazel [1% (A) and 2% (B)] and witch hazel axillae (C) on control and treatment days, mean differences, mean A/C and B/C ratios and number of panelists perspiring less on the treated (to be treated on control days) axillae appear in Table 11.

              TABLE 11______________________________________(A) 1% Solution            n                  Δ      n     A < C   --A  --C   C - A  A/C______________________________________Control 8/12      10     5      374.2                         354.6 -19.6  1.050Test 1 8/13      10    10      230.9                         349.8 118.9  .663Test/Control      10    10                 138.5  .632______________________________________(B) 2% Solution            n                  Δ      n     B < C   --B  --C   C -B   B/C______________________________________Control 8/5      10     5      383.2                         377.1 -6.1   1.026Test 1 8/7 10    10      151.2                         390.0 238.7  .310Test/Control      10    10                 244.8  .302______________________________________(C) 1% Solution            n                  Δ      n     A < C   --A  --C   C - A  A/C______________________________________Control    10     6      357.9                         371.8  13.9  .962Test 1     10    10      126.4                         365.7 239.3  .343Test 1/Control      10    10                 225.4  .356Test 2     10    10      109.6                         345.8 236.2  .310Test 1-2   10    10      118.0                         355.8 237.8  .326Test 1-2/Control      10    10                 223.8  .339______________________________________[Group from (A)]*Control    10     2      378.1                         348.3 29.8   1.087Test 1     10    10      125.8                         349.4 223.6  .338Test 1/Control      10    10                 253.4  .311Test 2     10    10      113.2                         359.4 246.2  .276Test 1-2   10    10      119.5                         354.9 234.9  .305Test 1-2/Control      10    10                 264.7______________________________________[Group from (B)]*            n                  Δ      n     A < C   --A  --C   C - A  A/C______________________________________Control    20     8      368.0                         360.0 -8.0   1.022Test 1     20    20      126.1                         357.6 231.5  .340Test/Control      20    20                 239.5  .333Test 2     20    20      111.4                         352.6 241.2  .293Test 1-2   20    20      118.8                         355.1 236.3  .316Test/Control      20    20                 244.3  .309______________________________________[Total]*______________________________________ *In Table 11, the report of the 1% solution test in (C) is separated into those same subjects tested with the 1% solution previously [group from (A)], those previously treated with the 2% solution [group from (B)], and then the subjects from both groups together [Total].

Both the one and two percent concentrations of diphenhydramine hydrochloride provide significantly effective in reducing perspiration. The drug evoked an unusual unanimity of response; every panelist experienced a decrease in perspiration on every day.

The minimum drop among the ten panelists testing the 2% percent concentration was 46%. The minimum drop of those testing the 1% concentration was 29%. While the 2% drops exceeded the 1% drops significantly, the effects of concentrations and variations in ambient temperature on days tested cannot be separated.

When all twenty panelists tested the one percent concentration simultaneously, the minimum drop following one application was 43% and 49% following the second application. The second test day was significantly more effective than the first day.

Anti-perspirant compositions were formulated by combining the following ingredients. The examples shown are merely illustrative and are not to be construed as a limitation of the invention. One skilled in the art will be able to make such variations, substitutions and changes in the ingredients and parameters as may seem desirable.

EXAMPLE V

Antiperspirant Cream

______________________________________           % BY WEIGHTINGREDIENTS       A       B       C     D______________________________________Diphenhydramine HC1             1.0     1.0     1.0   1.0Aluminum chlorohydrate,             --      40.0    32.0  32.050% aqueous solutionAluminum chloride hexahydrate,             --      --      6.0   --50% aqueous solutionAluminum sulfate  --      --      --    8.0Isopropl myristate             200     2.0     2.0   2.0Glyceryl monostearate             12.0    8.0     8.0   8.0(non-self emulsifying)*Promulgen G.     5.0     5.0     8.0   8.0(Robinson Wagner Co.)Propylene glycol  5.0     5.0     5.0   5.0Titanium dioxide  0.5     0.5     0.5   0.5Perfume           0.2     0.2     0.2   0.2Water, deionized  74.2    38.3    35.3  3303Glycine           --      --      2.0   2.0Methyl paraben    0.25 -- --      --propyl paraben    0.05    --      --             100.0   100.0   100.0 100.0______________________________________

When applied to the axilla as shown in the axilla test, above, perspiration of the subject is effectively reduced.

In the above formulation diphenhydramine was replaced by chlorpheniramine maleate. The same results are obtained.

Likewise with tripelennamine hydrochloride when using the ambient method good control is evident.

Subjects treated with phenyltoloxamine observe a decrease in perspiration.

In the cream formulation above, diphenhydramine HCl is reduced to an amount of 0.01%. Reduction in sweating is observed in the subject.

In the cream formulation, the salt proportion is reduced to 0.5%. The treated subjects observe a reduction of sweating in the axilla method.

In the cream, the amount of aluminum salts was reduced to total 0.5%. This is an amount which is generally inadequate to reduce sweating when used alone. Subjects using the cream observe satisfactory control of sweating both in the axilla and ambient air methods, repeating the tests described above. Sweating was also decreased after the second application, during the second day.

EXAMPLE VI

Antiperspirant Roll-on (Emulsion)

______________________________________        % BY WEIGHTINGREDIENTS    A      B      C    D    E    F______________________________________Diphenhydramine HC1          1.0    1.0    1.0  1.0  1.0  1.0Aluminum chlorohydrate          --     --     22.0 16.0 --   --Aluminum chloride          --     --     --   3.0  10.0 --hexahydrateAluminum sulfate          --     --     --   --   --   10.0Glycine        --     --     --   2.0  2.0  2.0Isopropyl myristate          3.0    --     --   --   --   --Glyceryl monostearate,          6.0    5.0    5.0  5.0  5.0  5.0(non-self-emulsifying)Brij 72 (ICI)  1.5    --     --   --   --   --Brij 78 (ICI)  2.5    --     --   --   --   --Brij 30 (ICI)  --     1.5    1.5  1.5  1.5  1.5Brij 35 (ICI)  --     2.5    2.5  2.5  2.5  2.5Methocel 60 EG 4000 CPS          --     0.3    --   --   --   --(Dow Chemical)Propyl paraben  0.05   0.05  --   --   --   --Methyl paraben  0.25   0.25  --   --   --   --Water, deonized          85.70  89.40  68.0 69.0 78.0          100.0  100.0  100.0                             100.0                                  100.0                                       100.0______________________________________

Effective perspiration reduction is evidenced in subjects when the emulsion formulation is applied in the axilla test as described. In the above formulation diphenhydramine was replaced by chlorpheniramine maleate in the axillary method and tripelennamine hydrochloride when using the ambient method. Sweating was controlled over several days.

Subjects treated with methapyrilene also observed a decrease in perspiration.

In the emulsion formulation above, diphenhydramine HCl is reduced to an amount of 0.01%, with reduction in sweating observed in the subject.

In the emulsion formulation, the salt proportion is reduced to 0.5%. The subjects so treated also observe a reduction of sweating in the axilla method.

The amount of aluminum sulfate was reduced to total 0.5% with similar results.

Subjects using the roll-on observed satisfactory control of sweating, repeating the tests described above. Sweating was also decreased after the second application, during the second day.

EXAMPLE VII

Antiperspirant Pump Spray

______________________________________            % BY WEIGHTINGREDIENTS          A      B      C    D______________________________________Diphenhydramine HCl  1.0    1.0    1.0  1.0*Rehydrol (Reheis Chemical Co.)                --     15.0   --   --Aluminum chlorohydrate                --     --     10.0 10.0Aluminum chloride hexahydrate                --     --     --   1.0Propylene glycol     --     --     2.0  2.0Perfume              --     0.3    0.3  0.3Alcohol, 95%         70.0   83.7   51.5 50.5Water                29.0   --     35.2 35.2                100.0  100.0  100.0                                   100.0______________________________________

Sweating is effectively reduced in subjects when the above formulation is applied to the axillae as shown in the axilla test above.

Diphenhydramine was replaced by chlorpheniramine maleate and by tripelennamine hydrochloride when using the ambient method. The same results are obtained.

Subjects treated with antihistamine free of astringent salts observed a decrease in perspiration as well.

In the spray formulation above, diphenhydramine HCl is reduced to an amount of 0.01%. Reduction in sweating is observed in the subject.

When 0.2% of aluminum chlorohydrate was added to the spray and the amount of antihistamine was reduced to 0.2% sweating is reduced in both males and females when tested in the ambient method.

The treated subjects observe a reduction of sweating in the axilla method when using an amount of the above salt which is generally inadequate to reduce sweating when used alone. Sweating was also satisfactorily decreased after the second application, during the second day.

Application is also effectively made to the soles of the feet.

EXAMPLE VII

Antiperspirant Solutions

(Pads & Dab-o-matics)

______________________________________           PERCENT BY WEIGHTINGREDIENTS       A      B      C    D    E______________________________________Diphenhydramine HC1             1.0    1.0    1.0  1.0  1.0Aluminum chlorohydrate             --     22.0   16.0 --   --Aluminum chloride hexahydrate             --     --     3.0  10.0 --Aluminum sulfate  --     --     --   --   10.0Glycine           --     --     1.0  3.0  --Propylene glycol  5.0    5.0    5.0  5.0  5.0Alcohol, 95%      30.0   30.0   31.0 30.0 32.0Water, Deionized  64.0   42.0   43.0 51.0 52.0             100.0  100.0  100.0                                100.0                                     100.0______________________________________

When using the solution formulation, subjects observed satisfactory control of sweating in the axilla and ambient air test methods.

This is also seen when diphenhydramine is replaced by chlorpheniramine maleate, brompheniramine or with tripelennamine hydrochloride when using the ambient method. The subjects experienced a reduction in sweating with 0.5% of the antihistamine.

The diphenhydramine may be used free of its acid addition salt.

In the solution formulation above, diphenhydramine HCl is reduced to an amount of 0.01%. Perspiration of the subject is effectively reduced.

In the solution formulation, the salt proportion is reduced to 0.1%. The treated subjects observe similarly effective results.

In the solution, the aluminum salts were replaced by zirconium salts. Subjects using the cream observed satisfactory control of sweating both in the axilla and ambient air methods, repeating the tests described above. Sweating was also decreased after the third application, during the third day.

EXAMPLE IX

Antiperspirant Stick

______________________________________           % BY WEIGHTINGREDIENTS       A      B      C    D    E______________________________________Aluminum chlorohydrate             --     22.0   16.0 --   --(impalpable powder)Aluminum chloride hexahydrate             --     --     3.0  10.0 --Diphenhydramine HCl             1.0    1.0    1.0  1.0  1.0Aluminum sulfate  --     --     --   --   10.0Glycine           --     --     --   4.0  --Isopropyl myristate             10.0   10.0   10.0 10.0 5.0Perfume           1.0    1.0    1.0  1.0  1.0Ozokerite wax 170 6.0    6.0    6.0  6.0  6.0(Melting Point 170° F.-Penick Co.)Stearyl alcohol   11.5   11.5   11.5 11.5 11.5Silicone fluid #251 (Stauffer)             70.5   48.5   51.5 56.5 65.5             100.0  100.0  100.0                                100.0                                     100.0______________________________________

In the above formulation diphenhydramine was replaced by chlorpheniramine maleate and with tripelennamine hydrochloride when using the ambient method. Tripelennamine is used free of its acid addition salt, as well. When applied to the axilla as shown in the axilla test, above, perspiration of the subject is effectively reduced.

Use of pyrilamine maleate also results in a decrease in perspiration.

In the stick formulation above, diphenhydramine HCl is reduced to an amount of 0.01%. Reduction in sweating is observed in the subject.

When the salt proportion is reduced to 0.5%, treated subjects observe a reduction of sweating in the axilla method. Hafnium salts are also used in lieu of aluminum salts.

Sweating was decreased after further application, during the second and third days.

EXAMPLE X

Aerosol Antiperspirant Solution Spray

______________________________________           % BY WEIGHTINGREDIENTS       A        B        C______________________________________Diphenhydramine HCl             1.0      5.0      1.0*Rehydrol (Reheis Chemical Co.)             --       5.0      --Alcohol, anhydrous             50.0     50.0     92.0Isopropyl myristate             2.0      2.0      2.0Propellant 12     28.2     25.2     --Propellant 11     18.8     16.8     --Carbon dioxide    --       --       5.0             100.0    100.0    100.0______________________________________ *CTFA Aluminum chlorohydrex

In the above formulation diphenhydramine was used in combination with chlorpheniramine maleate and alternatively with tripelennamine hydrochloride when using the ambient method. The same results are obtained, sweating is effectively reduced in subjects tested.

Effective perspiration control is also observed in subjects treated with promethazine.

In the solution spray formulation above, diphenhydramine HCl is reduced to an amount of 0.01%. Reduction in sweating is observed in the subject.

In the solution spray, the antihistamine may be used free of the astringent metal salt. The treated subjects observe a reduction of sweating in the axilla method.

In the solution spray, the amount of aluminum salts was reduced to total 0.1%. This amount is generally inadequate to reduce sweating when used alone.

Sweating was further decreased after subsequent applications during testing.

EXAMPLE XI

Aerosol Antiperspirant Suspension Spray

______________________________________          PERCENT BY WEIGHTINGREDIENTS      A       B       C     D______________________________________Diphenhydramine HCl            1.0     1.0     1.0   1.0Aluminum chlorohydrate            --      --      3.5   3.5(impalpable powder)Aluminum chloride            --      --      --    0.5hexahydrateCab-O-Sil M-5 (Cabot Corp.)            0.2     0.2     0.2   0.2Isopropyl myristate            2.0     5.0     5.0   5.0Talc 2755 (Whittaker C&D)            2.0     --      --    --Glycine, USP     --      --      --    0.5Perfume          0.2     0.2     0.2   0.2Propellant 12    33.1    32.8    31.5  31.2Propellant 11    61.5    60.8    58.6  57.9            100.0   100.0   100.0 100.0______________________________________

When applied to the axilla as shown in the axilla test, above, perspiration of the subject is effectively reduced.

In the above formulation diphenhydramine was used together with chlorpheniramine maleate and with tripelennamine hydrochloride and chlorpheniramine maleate when using the ambient method. Subjects observed reduction of perspiration in the axilla test.

Subjects treated with clemizone observe a decrease in perspiration.

In the formulation above, diphenhydramine HCl is reduced to an amount of 0.01%. Reduction in sweating is observed in the subject.

In the formulation, the salt proportion is reduced to 0.1%. The treated subjects observe a reduction of sweating in the axilla method.

In the suspension spray, the aluminum chlorhydrate is present at 0.1% and satisfactory control of sweating both in the axilla and ambient air methods occurs.

Sweating was also decreased after the second application, during the second day.

In the above examples, ingredients other than those recited can be added to achieve a cosmetically desirable product. The physical form of the product can be any of those known to the cosmetic art.