Gravity acceleration station |
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申请号 | US13894386 | 申请日 | 2013-05-14 | 公开(公告)号 | US08931741B1 | 公开(公告)日 | 2015-01-13 |
申请人 | Pavel Kilchichakov; | 发明人 | Pavel Kilchichakov; | ||||
摘要 | A gravity acceleration station for producing gravity acceleration and creating conditions for living under a permanent effect of gravity acceleration more than 1 g for prolonged periods of time. The station comprises a base and a hollow torus, rotating around a central vertical axis. A support of the station and motors for rotation of the station are located peripherally, along with the perimeter of the torus. That feature allows variable size of the station with diameter more than 100 meters, larger area for location of objects, and gradual increase of gravity acceleration from the center of the station along the radius. Due to a mechanism for altering the angle of deviation of the premises of the station, the value of the net acceleration can be changed according to the needs while keeping direction perpendicular to the floor of the premises. The station can be located on the ground or underground. | ||||||
权利要求 | I claim: |
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说明书全文 | This application claims the benefit of provisional patent application Ser. No. 61/651,549, filed 2012 May 25 by the present inventor. Not applicable Not applicable
The problems with experiments conducted in conditions of weightlessness or high gravity force are that:
Accordingly several advantages of one or more aspects are as follows:
In accordance with one embodiment, a gravity acceleration station for creating an environment of gravity acceleration more than 1 g comprises a base and a hollow torus, rotating around a central vertical axis. The station has a peripheral support, along with the perimeter of the torus. Rooms of sufficient size for different purposes not limited only to living, working, training and performing scientific research are located in a closed compartment of the torus. Each room has fastening and rotating mechanism for adjustment of the room position according to the speed of rotation so that the resultant gravity acceleration has direction perpendicular to the floor of the rooms. Lift cabins, movable on a trolley within lift corridors, deliver cargo and personnel from an entrance located on the base of the station and adjacent to the central axis of the station. The station is located on the ground or underground. A computer regulates an angle of deviation of the rooms and the lift cabins according to the speed of rotation of the station and desired gravity acceleration. Motors for driving the revolution of the torus are alternatively mounted on the torus walls or located on the base, along the torus perimeter. In using gravity acceleration station, individuals who will experience an effect of gravity acceleration more than 1 g enter the station through an entrance adjacent to a central axis and arrive in a lift cabin. The lift cabin proceeds to one of the rooms by moving on a trolley within one of radially disposed lift corridors extended between a vertical axis and a torus. The lift cabin has an angle of deviation according to the distance between central axis and the lift cabin so as to be able to keep desired magnitude of the gravity acceleration while rotating the gravity acceleration station at a constant speed. The individuals enter the rooms. Each room has an angle of deviation according to the distance between the room and the central axis, so as to be able to keep desired magnitude of gravity acceleration, being perpendicular to the floor of the rooms, while rotating the gravity acceleration station at a constant speed. The individuals use the rooms for different purposes not limited to living, working, training, and researching and for recreational activities for prolonged periods of time. The station provides premises for replacement of worn motors by new ones without preventing the rotation of the station. A gravity acceleration station may be constructed, assembled and operated using more than one torus. The station can provide an opportunity of exploring different level of gravity acceleration, for prolonged periods of time in environments inhabitable by living occupants wishing to transfer from an environment of weaker gravity to an environment of stronger gravity or from an environment of stronger gravity to an environment of weaker gravity by moving from one of the torus to another having different radius, while the angular velocity of rotation of the station has a constant value.
I have included twelve drawings: Force of gravity with acceleration g, centrifugal force with acceleration an summation vector of these two forces forms the acceleration f and angle of deviation γ from vertical g. One embodiment of the gravity acceleration station is illustrated in Rooms 26 of the station can be of sufficient size for use in various capacities: living rooms, laboratories, warehouses, rooms for exercise, recreation and other premises that can bring to comfortable life of the people inside. Motors 32 for rotation of the station can be located in any convenient place, for example on the base of the station or on the walls of the station. Structurally, the station can have different types of support not limited to rails, wheels, and electromagnetic cushion. To reduce air resistance and power consumption, the station can be placed underground and the air of a cavity where the station rotates can be pumped out. To reduce vibration and frictions it is necessary to ensure that a center of gravity matches with axis of rotation 14 of the station. This can be accomplished by a ballast hydraulic system. Operation For a torus with radius R=100 m circumference C can be calculated by the formula C=2πR The result is: C=2×3.1415×100=628.3 m When the linear velocity is ν=41.67 m/s (150 km/h) and the radius is R=100 m, the angular velocity ω is equal to 0.4166 rad/s. The calculations of the centripetal acceleration an can be completed by the formula: where ν is the linear velocity, and R—the radius of curvature of the trajectory at this point. Since ν=ωR, when substitute for ν the result will be an=ω2R, where ω is (instantaneous) angular velocity of the movement relative to the center of curvature of the trajectory and R is the radius of curvature of the trajectory at this point. When substitute with values for V and R, the centripetal acceleration is equal to: an=41.672/100=17.36 m/s2 Addition of vectors positioned at right angles can be determined by the Pythagorean Theorem: f=√(an2+g2) When substitute values for an and g the result is: f=√(17.362+9.812)=√(301.37+96.24)=19, 94 m/s2, or in other words, 19, 94/9, 81=2,03 g (1 g=9.81 m/s2) γ—the angle of deviation from the vertical g. This angle can be determined by the theorem of sinus: γ=arcsin(an/f)=arcsin(17.36/19.94)=arcsin(0.87)=1.056 radians, or about 60.56° Each of rooms 26 can rotate around an axis 28 that corresponds to the circle 20 with radius R of torus 30. The rotation is possible by fastening and rotating mechanism 24 that controls the position of each of rooms 26 within the torus 30. Calculations of the angle of rotation γ of each of rooms 26 and consistency of rotation are controlled by a computer. Due to that features, each of rooms 26 in the embodiment of Linear velocity ν=41.67 m/s Centripetal acceleration an=41.672/100=17.36 m/s2 Net acceleration νf=√(17.362+9.812)=19.94 m/s2, or in other words, 19.94/9.81=2.03 g The angle of deviation γ from the vertical g can be determined by the law of sinus: γ=arcsin(an/c)=arcsin(17.36/19.94)=arcsin(0.87)=1.056 radians, or about 60.56° Linear velocity ν=52.78 m/c2 Centripetal acceleration an=52.782/100=27.85 m/s2 Net acceleration f=√(27.852+9.812)=29.53 m/s2, or 29.53/9.81=3.01 g The angle of deviation γ from the vertical g can be determined by the law of sinus: γ=arcsin(an/c)=arcsin(27.85/29.53)=arcsin(0.943)=1.056 radians, or about 70.62° In using a gravity acceleration station, individuals who will experience an effect of gravity acceleration more than 1 g enter the station through the entrance 12 adjacent to the central vertical axis 14 and arrive in the lift cabin 16. The lift cabin 16 proceeds to one of the rooms 26 by moving on a trolley 44 within one of radially disposed lift corridors 18 extended between a vertical axis 14 and the torus 30. The lift cabin 16 has an angle of deviation according to the distance between central vertical axis 14 and the lift cabin 16 so as to be able to keep desired magnitude of the gravity acceleration while rotating the gravity acceleration station at a constant speed. The individuals enter one of the rooms 26. Each room has an angle of deviation from the vertical vector of the force of gravity g, depending on the distance between room 16 and the central vertical axis 14, so as to be able to keep desired magnitude of gravity acceleration and the gravity acceleration being perpendicular to the floor of each of rooms 26, while the gravity acceleration station rotates at a constant speed. As a result individuals experience a net acceleration as a summation vector of a force of gravity g and a centripetal force an, so that the net gravity acceleration f being perpendicular to the floor of each of the rooms 26. The individuals use the rooms 26 for different purposes and not limited to living, working, training, and researching and for recreational activities for prolonged periods of time. The station provides premises 34 for replacement and repairing of motors 32 without preventing the rotation of the station. The Coriolis Effect on objects inside the station: In physics, the Coriolis Effect is a deflection of moving objects when they are viewed in a rotating reference frame. In any non-inertia rotation system the bodies experience the Coriolis Effect. If the radius of torus 30 of the station is 100 meters, the circumference is C=628.3 m and the station rotates at speed of 150 km/h or 41.67 m/sec. To determine the difference between the radii of the ceiling and the floor of the room it is necessary to multiply the height of the rooms 3 m, by the sinus of the angle of deviation γ from the vertical g, γ=60.56° The result is a 2.60 meter. Accordingly, the radius of rotation of a point on the ceiling R1 is 98.7 m and the radius of rotation of a point on the floor R2 is 101.3 meters. For the floor: R2=101.3, circumference C2=2×π×R=636.53 m, it follows that the linear velocity of a point on the floor is: ν2=41.67×636.53/628.3=42.22m/s For the ceiling: R1=98.7, circumference C1=2×π×R=620.07 m, it follows that the linear velocity of a point on the ceiling is: ν1=41.67×620.07/628.3=41.12 m/s If we let the body to fall free from the position of A1, it will move toward the floor with acceleration f approximately equal to 19.94 m/s2 according to the above calculations, and linear velocity ν1=41.12 m/s according to the Newton's First Law. As a result, the body, for the time of t will move to position B′ and falls behind from the point on the floor, which during this time will be in the position of B2. The figure shows that the displacement b is equal to the distance between points B′ and B2. To determine the displacement, first it is necessary to determine time t=√(2×h/g)√(2×3/19.94)=0.55 s (g=19.94 m/s2). Displacement b=(ν2−ν1)×t=(42.22−41.12)×0,55=0.605 m
I use the calculations above for the single torus 30 with radius of 100 m, the linear velocity of 150 km/h, where the acceleration is 2.03 g and apply them for the outer torus of the nine tori station. The parameters of internal tori can be calculated according to the table below: Calculations of parameters: Column 1 Radius of different tori−R Column 2 Circumference defined by the formula: C=2πR Column 3 The angular velocity for all levels is the same. Column 4 The linear velocity was determined by the ratio: ν100×C90/C100: Example: ν90=150×565.47/628.3=135 km/h Column 5 Conversion of the linear velocity from km/h in m/s. Example: ν90=135×1000/3600=37.50 m/s Column 6 Calculation of the centripetal acceleration using the formula: Where ν is the linear velocity, and R—the radius of curvature of the trajectory at this point, or an=ω2R, where an is the centripetal acceleration, ν is the (instantaneous) linear velocity along a trajectory, ω is the (instantaneous angular velocity of movement relative to the center of curvature of the trajectory, R—radius of curvature of the trajectory at this point. There is a link between the first and second equation since ν=ωR. Example of calculations for an, when the radius of torus is 90 m: an=ν2/R=37.52/90=15.63 Column 7 To calculate the net acceleration f in the torus it is necessary to consider the impact of two major forces of acceleration the acceleration due to gravity 9.81 m/s2, and the centripetal acceleration an. The addition of the vectors of acceleration positioned at right angle can be determined by the Pythagorean theorem: f=√(an2+g2). Example of calculations: f80=√(13.892+9.812)=17.00 m/s2. The effect of net acceleration f will vary as the magnitude of the centripetal acceleration an changes depending on the radius of the torus. Column 8 γ—angle of deviation of the net acceleration f from the vertical g can be determined for each torus. By, tilting rooms 26, the resultant force f stays perpendicular to the floor of the room. As a result, conditions simulating an effect of high gravity more than 1 g can be created inside of the rooms of the station. The angle γ can be determined by the law of sinus γ=aresin (an/f). Example of calculation for a torus with radius of 80 m: γ80=arcsin(an80/f80)=arcsin(13.89/17.00)=0.956 radians, or about 54.77° Column 9 To transform the net acceleration from a unit of m/s2 into a unit of g, it is necessary the value in column 7 to be divided by the value of 1 g=9.81. The displacement b, formed by the Coriolis effect at each torus of the station, is defined in the table below: The result is that the larger the radius R of the torus, the greater the centripetal acceleration an, the net acceleration f, and the angle of deviation γ. Of course, there will be difference in the gravity acceleration of interior and exterior walls of the rooms, but the difference is small, around 2-3%. The difference decreases when the radius increases. That embodiment allows more efficient use of the space of the station for step by step adaptation of the staff, depending on the strength of the body to move to the next level of gravity acceleration. Alternatively the station can include two or more floors. It depends solely on the capacity of the main entrance for the cargo and personnel. In addition, the diameter of the torus and the velocity of rotation may vary depending on the desired size of living space and desired parameters of artificial gravity acceleration. In using gravity acceleration station that is constructed, assembled and operated having more than one torus, individuals are provided with an opportunity of exploring different levels of gravity acceleration. The users enter the station through an entrance 12 adjacent to a central vertical axis 14 and arrive into a lift cabin 16. The lift cabin 16 proceeds to one of tori 30 having environment of desired gravity acceleration f. The lift cabin 16 moves by a trolley 44 within one of radially disposed lift corridors 18 extended between a vertical axis 14 and the torus 30. The angle of deviation of each of lift cabins 16 is in accordance with the distance between the central axis and each of the lift cabins 16 so that the net gravity acceleration f being perpendicular to the floor of each of the lift cabin 16 while having a constant speed of rotation of the gravity acceleration station. The user proceeds to one of rooms 26 located in one of tori 30, having environment of desired gravity acceleration. The angle of deviation of each of rooms 26 is in accordance with the distance between the central vertical axis 14 and the respective torus 30 where the rooms are located, so as to be able to keep the desired magnitude of the gravity acceleration while rotating the gravity acceleration station at a constant speed. As a result individuals experience a net acceleration f as a summation vector of the force of gravity g and the centripetal force an being perpendicular to the floor of each of the rooms 26 by turning each room at an angle of deviation from the vertical vector of the force of gravity g. The individuals use the rooms 26 for different purposes and not limited to living, working, training, researching, and for recreational activities for prolonged periods of time. They can stay in the gravity acceleration station, exploring different level of gravity acceleration. Individuals wishing to transfer from an environment of weaker gravity to an environment of stronger gravity or from an environment of stronger gravity to an environment of weaker gravity can achieve it by moving from one torus to another, each having different radius, while the angular velocity of rotation of the station has a constant value. Although the description above contains many specificities, these should not be construed as limiting the scope of the embodiments but as merely providing illustrations of some several embodiments. Thus the scope of the embodiments should be determined by the appended claims and their legal equivalents, rather than by the examples given. |