| 序号 | 专利名 | 申请号 | 申请日 | 公开（公告）号 | 公开（公告）日 | 发明人 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 141 | Photochemically enhanced microbial degradation of environmental pollutants | US687368 | 1991-04-18 | US5342779A | 1994-08-30 | Fumio Matsumura; Arata Katayama |
| This invention provides for improved methods of biodegradation of environmental pollutants. The invention specifically provides for the simultaneous treatment of the pollutants in a contaminated medium with ultraviolet radiation and lignin-degrading fungi. The preferred fungus is the white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium ATCC 64046. The fungi are discontinuously contacted with the mass of a contaminated medium. When removed from the mass of contaminated medium, the fungi and adhering contaminated medium are simultaneously exposed to the ultraviolet radiation. The combination of fungal enzymes and ultraviolet radiation enhances the rates of degradation beyond that expected for either of the treatments alone. | ||||||
| 142 | Process for treating highly environmentally polluting residues | US921690 | 1992-07-30 | US5280149A | 1994-01-18 | Michel Schneider; Gerard Masson; Eric Bescher |
| The subject of the present invention is a process for treating highly environmentally polluting residues such as for example residues derived from dry or wet filtration. The process consists in mixing the residues with a product containing iron oxide, in placing the mixture in a crucible, in protecting the crucible with insulating fibers, in putting the crucible in a microwave oven and in exposing the mixture to microwaves for a time of between 2 and 15 minutes at a temperature of between 1000.degree. and 1300.degree. C. in order to produce a dry fusion of the mixture and to obtain a solid material. The present invention is applicable to the reclaiming of sludge from the iron and steel industry. | ||||||
| 143 | Recovery of non-ferrous metals from smelter flue dusts and sludges | US743491 | 1991-08-08 | US5234669A | 1993-08-10 | Robert W. Bartlett |
| Methods are disclosed for treating smelter flue dust and other smelter by-products so as to recover non-ferrous metals therefrom and convert arsenic and sulfur in the flue dust into non-leachable compounds. The methods allow the flue dust and other smelter by-products such as smelter sludges to be disposed of in a natural environment without subsequent leaching of heavy metals, sulfur, and arsenic. The smelter by-products are mixed with hydrated lie, formed into agglomerates, and roasted at an optimal temperature of about 650.degree. C. to form oxidized arsenic and sulfur which react with the lime in the agglomerates to form non-leachable compounds. The roasted agglomerates are contacted with a basic lixiviant comprising dissolved ammonia and an ammonium salt to dissolve non-ferrous metals such as copper from the roasted agglomerates. Used lixiviant can be boiled to precipitate the non-ferrous metals dissolved therein and vaporize the ammonia, thereby regenerating the lixiviant. Leaching is preferably performed in a leaching cell used as the final repository of the leached agglomerates. | ||||||
| 144 | Fixation of heavy metals in municipal solid waste incinerator ash | US757359 | 1991-09-10 | US5220112A | 1993-06-15 | Donald P. Bucci; Francis A. Altemose, II; Nancy C. Easterbrook; Edwin N. Givens; Joseph Klosek; Kenneth D. Tracy; Kai P. Wong |
| Fly ash generated from incineration of municipal solid waste (MSW) when placed in landfills can under mild acid conditions leach lead and cadmium. A process for stabilizing lead in this fly ash is presented which involves calcining a mixture of the fly ash and certain calcium-containing compounds in the presence of an oxygen containing gas stream at a temperature greater than about 475.degree. C. and substantially less than about 800.degree. C. for times from about 30 minutes up to about 5 hours. Such treated MSW fly ash will give leachates containing lead concentrations less than the EPA regulatory limit. | ||||||
| 145 | Regeneration of adsorbents using advanced oxidation | US766569 | 1991-09-27 | US5182030A | 1993-01-26 | John C. Crittenden; Sawang Notthakun; David W. Hand; David L. Perram |
| The present invention is a method of purifying fluid having organic material. The method comprises two operational steps. The first step includes passing the fluid through an adsorbent such that the organic material is substantially adsorbed by the adsorbent and the fluid is substantially purified. The second step includes destroying the adsorbed organic material on the adsorbent and regenerating the adsorbent in a form substantially free of adsorbed organic material. | ||||||
| 146 | Microwave-enhanced chemical processes | US244779 | 1988-09-15 | US4935114A | 1990-06-19 | Ravi Varma |
| A process for disposal of toxic wastes including chlorinated hydrocarbons, comprising, establishing a bed of non-metallic particulates having a high dielectric loss factor. Effecting intimate contact of the particulates and the toxic wastes at a temperature in excess of about 400.degree. C. in the presence of microwave radiation for a time sufficient to break the hydrocarbon chlorine bonds and provide detoxification values in excess of 80 and further detoxifying the bed followed by additional disposal of toxic wastes. | ||||||
| 147 | Environmentally safe method for disposing of asbestos containing materials | US150678 | 1988-02-01 | US4808198A | 1989-02-28 | George N. Richter |
| Asbestos-containing hazardous waste materials are known causes of cancer and other serious diseases. By the subject process, asbestos-containing wastes are rendered harmless by altering the physical form of the fibers, by (i) melting the asbestos, and by (ii) incorporating the molten asbestos into the slag phase produced by the partial oxidation of ash-containing liquid hydrocarbonaceous fuel and/or solid carbonaceous fuel. Further, gaseous mixtures comprising H.sub.2 +CO e.g. synthesis gas, reducing gas, or fuel gas, are simultaneously produced. | ||||||
| 148 | Disposal of toxic and polymeric wastes | US911831 | 1986-09-26 | US4764282A | 1988-08-16 | Robert H. Snyder |
| A process for disposing of toxic organic waste fluids comprising contacting a polymeric carrier particle, such as ground tire rubber, with a toxic organic fluid that dissolves in the solid polymeric carrier. The waste fluid dissolved in the polymeric carrier forms a stable product for transportation and incineration. | ||||||
| 149 | Fixation of arsenic in soil | US701971 | 1985-02-15 | US4723992A | 1988-02-09 | Bror O. Hager |
| The present invention represents compositions for the fixing of pentavalent arsenic, e.g., arsenates and arsenic acid, generally spread in the soil. The fixation is so carried out that the arsenic cannot be further spread, not even after an eventual further increase in soil acidity. The compositions comprise metal salts of iron, aluminum or chromium with a weak acid, preferably iron or aluminum acetate, which are spread on the soil containing the arsenic compounds. | ||||||
| 150 | Degradation and detoxification of halogenated olefinic hydrocarbons | US469873 | 1983-02-25 | US4468297A | 1984-08-28 | Donald T. Sawyer; Thomas S. Calderwood |
| Halogenated olefinic hydrocarbons that contain at least two halogen atoms are degraded by reaction in an aprotic solvent with a strong nucleophile selected from the superoxide ion and hydroxide ion to give oxygenated products and inorganic chloride ion. In specific embodiments, superoxide ion is electrolytically generated in dimethylformamide that contains a soluble electrolyte and multi-halogenated olefins such as 1,1-dichloro ethylene, cis-1,2-dichloroethylene, trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene, which are degraded. In addition, various substituted derivatives of such compounds react in a similar manner to give related oxygenated products. | ||||||
| 151 | Removal of PCBS and other halogenated organic compounds from organic fluids | US429096 | 1982-09-30 | US4417977A | 1983-11-29 | Louis L. Pytlewski; Frank J. Iaconianni; Kenneth Krevitz; Arthur B. Smith |
| Organic functional fluids containing halogenated organic compounds present as contaminants therein are treated with a NaPEG decomposition reagent in an inert atmosphere to produce a functional fluid phase substantially free of the halogenated organic compound and a reagent residue phase containing a partially dehalogenated organic derivative therein. The latter may be further dehalogenated by reacting the reagent residue with oxygen. | ||||||
| 152 | Degradation of halogenated carbon compounds | US221077 | 1980-12-29 | US4410402A | 1983-10-18 | Donald T. Sawyer; Julian L. Roberts, Jr. |
| Halogenated carbon compounds containing at least three halogen atoms and capable of undergoing bimolecular nucleophilic substitution are degraded by reaction in an aprotic solvent with a strong nucleophile selected from superoxide ion and hydroxide ion. The process is particularly applicable to compounds in which at least three halogen atoms are covalently joined to a tetrahedral carbon atom. In a specific embodiment, superoxide ion is electrolytically generated in an aprotic solvent containing a soluble organic electrolyte. In a further embodiment, the aprotic solvent is dimethyl sulfoxide, which, when converting carbon tetrahalide, forms dimethylsulfone and carbonate. | ||||||
| 153 | Photooxidative destruction of organic wastes | US551532 | 1975-02-21 | US3951797A | 1976-04-20 | Gilbert R. Seely |
| A method for promoting the photooxidative destruction of organic waste pollutants by use of gelled metal alginate particles which have been stained with a dye sensitizer. The stained particles are both recoverable and biodegradable. They are effective in promoting the photooxidation of organic wastes including toxic phenol compounds in the presence of visible light and atmospheric oxygen. | ||||||
| 154 | Method of detoxifying asbestos contained in waste slate and detoxified asbestos obtained through the same | US14309706 | 2014-06-19 | US09446273B2 | 2016-09-20 | Young-Nam Jang; Kyungsun Song; Myung Gyu Lee; Soo-Chun Chae; Hwanju Jo; Jun-Hwan Bang; Kyoung Won Ryu |
| Disclosed is a method of detoxifying asbestos of waste slate. The method includes concentrating the asbestos by introducing hydrochloric acid aqueous solution into waste slate powder to dissolve and remove a limestone component contained in the waste slate; and mixing the concentrated asbestos with oxalic acid and performing a low-temperature heat treatment. The waste slate is crushed and pulverized and powder of the crushed and pulverized waste slate is formed in a size in a range of 100 meshes to 300 meshes. The detoxified asbestos includes re-crystallized magnesium oxalate having a rhombohedral or amorphous shape. | ||||||
| 155 | Composition for alkylation and method for detoxifying a harmful compound by using the composition | US12309494 | 2007-07-26 | US08847000B2 | 2014-09-30 | Koichiro Nakamura; Akihiro Hishinuma; Shinji Kamiya |
| It is an object of the present invention to provide a beneficial composition in order to detoxify the harmful compound containing arsenic etc. effectively and systematically and a method for detoxifying a harmful compound by using the composition. The composition for the alkylation according to the present invention is characterized in that the composition contains a cobalt complex. The method of detoxifying the harmful compound according to the present invention is characterized in that a harmful compound containing at least one element selected from the groups comprising arsenic, antimony and selenium is detoxified by the alkylation of the harmful compound, in the presence of the composition according to the present invention. | ||||||
| 156 | Process and apparatus for the annihilation of harmful waste containing polychlorinated hydrocarbons | US13498061 | 2010-09-22 | US08692049B2 | 2014-04-08 | Imre Sirkó; György Mink; Péter Szabó; Ernö Török; Szabolcs Fejes; István Lengyel |
| The present invention relates to a process consists of the hydrolytic decomposition of the polychlorinated hydrocarbons: of polychlorinated aliphatics and especially of polychlorinated aromatics and oxidizing the chlorine-free product at elevated temperature in the presence of a carrier gas in one unit characterized by a hot and a transitional temperature zone, whereby the calcium chloride and the exiting gas mixture are removed continuously and the excess heat of the highly exothermic process is utilized.The present invention also relates to an apparatus for the process which is carried out in an Apparatus of FIG. 1. | ||||||
| 157 | Process for the destruction of sulfur and nitrogen mustards and their homologous/analogous at ambient conditions | US12078001 | 2008-03-26 | US08618346B2 | 2013-12-31 | Inas Muen Al Nashef; Saeed M. Al Zahrani |
| The subject invention provides a potentially economically viable process for the destruction of small to large quantities of sulfur and nitrogen mustards and lewisite, their homologous/analogues, and similar chemical warfare agents at ambient conditions without producing any toxic by-products. The process uses the superoxide ion that is either electrochemically generated by the reduction of oxygen in ionic liquids or chemically by dissolving Group 1 (alkali metals) or Group 2 (alkaline earth metals) superoxides, e.g. potassium superoxide, in ionic liquids. | ||||||
| 158 | Method of detoxifying a methyl compound | US12309992 | 2007-11-28 | US08618345B2 | 2013-12-31 | Koichiro Nakamura; Akihiro Hishinuma; Shinji Kamiya |
| It is an object of the present invention to provide a method of detoxifying a methyl compound comprising arsenic etc., effectively and systematically. The method of detoxifying a methyl compound according to the present invention is characterized in that an organic halogenated compound is reacted with a methyl compound comprising at least one element selected from the groups comprising arsenic, antimony and selenium to convert the methyl compound into more harmless substances. Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment of the method of detoxifying a methyl compound according to the present invention, the method is characterized in that the element is arsenic. | ||||||
| 159 | Process for the destruction of toxic residues via oxidation in presence of water and oxygen and continuous mobile unit to treat hazardous compounds | US13133195 | 2009-12-17 | US08541640B2 | 2013-09-24 | Gustavo Eduardo Bolanos Barrera; Victor Fernando Marulanda Cardona |
| Process for the destruction of toxic residues via oxidation in the presence of water and oxygen developed in homogenous phase at temperatures over 374° C. and pressure of at least 220 atmospheres and a continuous mobile unit easily transferred to treat effluents or contaminated media. This mobile unit is composed of a reactor, which includes pressurization, reaction, cooling, depressurization and sampling zones for the destruction of toxic residues like polychloride biphenyls (PCBs), pyridines, and other hazardous compounds. | ||||||
| 160 | Detoxification of chemical agents | US11981079 | 2007-10-31 | US08242323B2 | 2012-08-14 | Ravi Jain; Abhinav Jain |
| This invention provides a process for the detoxification of chemical agents including chemical warfare agents such as sulfur mustards, nitrogen mustards, nerve agents of G and V type, lewisite and adamsite by reacting the chemical agents with hydroxyl radicals at a pH greater than 7.0 to detoxify the agents and to render them suitable for disposal. The process can be used on-site and can be easily scaled to fairly large sizes. | ||||||
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