| 序号 | 专利名 | 申请号 | 申请日 | 公开（公告）号 | 公开（公告）日 | 发明人 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 181 | Process for the treatment of solid residues containing metals, in particular residues from the cleaning of household garbage incineration smoke | US764015 | 1996-12-11 | US5755853A | 1998-05-26 | Pierre Pasquini; Roger Meunier; Olivier Leclerc; Fabrice Lebrun |
| This process comprises; mixing (1) the solid residues with a solid reducing agent; treating (2) the mixture in a furnace at a temperature above 1000.degree. C. to obtain (3) a vitrified product rendered poor in metals and an emission of gas enriched in metallic elements in a vapour phase; air quenching (4) the gases rich in metals; filtering (5) the products resulting from the air quenching to obtain secondary ashes rich in metallic salts; at the end of the filtering operation, washing the smoke (6) for discharging it to the atmosphere; and subjecting the secondary ashes rich in metallic salts to a treatment for producing a product rich in valuable metals (7 to 10). | ||||||
| 182 | Method and apparatus for disposing of organic halogen compounds | US606049 | 1996-02-23 | US5728914A | 1998-03-17 | Eduard Buzetzki |
| A method and integrated apparatus for disposing of an organic halogen compound comprising phosphorus and at least one element selected from the group consisting of sulfur and a metal, in addition to carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, in atomic bond, comprises the steps of ionizing the compound to obtain ionization products, splitting up the ionization products by electrodialysis to obtain ionic end products and residual organic substances, and disposing of the ionic end products and residual organic substances. | ||||||
| 183 | Method and apparatus for treating waste and for obtaining usable by-product | US237372 | 1994-05-03 | US5648592A | 1997-07-15 | Charles L. Pierce |
| The present invention is directed to the art of treating waste using laser technology. Industrial and toxic waste materials are irradiated with a laser inside a reactor chamber such that they are heated to high temperatures. Organic compounds are thermally destroyed and chemical bonds are broken. Cool oxygen is pumped into the reactor to provide a refractory protective shield. Silica is added into the vessel at the high temperatures and encapsulates any heavy metals into its crystal matrix. The resulting solidified product may have a hardness of at least 8 on the Knoops scale of hardness and may be used as tooling, road material, oven lining, building materials and the like. | ||||||
| 184 | Waste-treating material | US35577 | 1993-03-23 | US5609558A | 1997-03-11 | Taiichiro Sasae; Tomio Nishida; Masakazu Uekita; Takashi Funahashi |
| A waste-treating material which comprises cement and at least one reducing metal, effective for stabilizing industrial wastes containing harmful metals like a heavy metal and the like and cyanides. A preferred example of the reducing metal is iron. Additionally the waste-treating material may also contain at least one member selected from a group consisting of a reducing agent, aluminum sulfate, allophane, and bentonite as the auxiliary. The use of this waste-treating material makes it possible to stabilize the hazardous heavy material and the cyanides contained in the industrial wastes, thereby remarkably contributing to a stabilizing treatment of the industrial wastes. | ||||||
| 185 | Process for decreasing chlorine content of chlorinated hydrocarbons | US211983 | 1994-08-15 | US5608135A | 1997-03-04 | Jeffrey Schwartz; Yumin Liu |
| The chlorine content in a chlorinated hydrocarbon in the presence or absence of air and moisture can be reduced by bringing the chlorinated hydrocarbon into contact with a dechlorination reagent which comprises (i) a complex of a substantially nontoxic metal having at least two oxidation states and (ii) a reducing agent which reductively returns the complex from its second oxidation step to its first oxidation stage. A representative embodiment involves bis-(.eta..sup.5 -cyclopentadienyl)titanium dichloride and sodium tetrahydridoborate. | ||||||
| 186 | Purification system | US394548 | 1995-02-22 | US5554300A | 1996-09-10 | Brian E. Butters; Anthony L. Powell |
| The present invention relates to a method for the purification of contaminated fluids by photocatalytic treatment. In accordance with the invention, an oxidation state where contaminant molecules are oxidized and/or a reduction state where contaminant molecules are reduced are employed to purify a contaminated fluid. The reduction state, where certain contaminant molecules are reduced, is induced by providing a reactant, such as citric acid, in the presence of an excited photocatalyst. A reduction state may alternate to an oxidation state, where contaminant molecules are oxidized, by the addition of an oxidizing agent, such as oxygen. | ||||||
| 187 | Reaction control method and apparatus using carbon soot molecules and organometallic complexes in excited state | US325497 | 1994-10-19 | US5445800A | 1995-08-29 | Satoru Isoda; Toshiyuki Kamiya; Yoshio Hanazato; Akira Ikeda |
| A method and an apparatus for controlling reactions of a gas and a fluid that makes use of excellent reactivity of carbon soot molecules, metal porphyrin complexes and metal phthalocyanin complexes which are in an excited state has an arrangement that the carbon soot molecules, the metal porphyrin complexes and the metal phthalocyanin complexes which are excited by a physico-chemical method, such as light irradiation, and a gas containing oxygen are brought into contact with each other to generate active oxygen. Further, the gas containing the harmful substance and a fluid are brought into contact with each other so that direct reactions of the active oxygen and the excited molecules decompose the harmful substances. | ||||||
| 188 | Process and apparatus for photolytic degradation of explosives | US752851 | 1991-08-30 | US5370845A | 1994-12-06 | Paul L. Miller; Gary G. Wittmer; Mark D. Stignani |
| A process for photolytic degradation of the organic and nitrogenous components of high explosives in organic solvent is described. The process can be applied with a module photolytic apparatus so that munitions can be destroyed without endangering the environment or toxifying large quantities of water. An apparatus is also disclosed. | ||||||
| 189 | Reactive compositions containing superoxide ion for the degradation of halogenated organic compounds | US609630 | 1990-11-05 | US5358657A | 1994-10-25 | Donald T. Sawyer; Seungwon Jeon; Paul K. S. Tsang |
| Reagent compositions suitable for use in degrading and detoxifying polyhalogenated organic compounds comprising an aprotic solvent having dissolved therein (a) an effective amount of hydrogen donor, (b) an effective amount of a compound which produces hydroxide ion or alkoxide ion, and (c) dioxygen, are shown. These reagent compositions may be used to produce superoxide ion in situ for use in a variety of industrial applications to degrade halogenated hydrocarbons, e.g., PCBs. The generation of superoxide ion may be catalyzed by the presence of anthraquinone and derivatives thereof. Reagent compositions containing (a) an effective amount of hydrogen donor, e.g., hydroxylamine, (b) an effective amount of a compound which produces hydroxide ion or alkoxide ion and (c) dioxygen are also shown. In preferred methods the dioxygen is bubbled through the solutions to continuously form superoxide ion. | ||||||
| 190 | Fixation of heavy metals, mercury recovery and dioxins destruction in municipal solid waste incinerator ash | US53798 | 1993-04-28 | US5347073A | 1994-09-13 | Wolfgang A. Hochleitner; Stephen P. Goff |
| Fly ash generated from incineration of municipal solid waste (MSW) when placed in landfills can under mild acid conditions 1each lead and cadmium. A process for stabilizing lead in this fly ash is presented which involves calcining a mixture of the fly ash and certain calcium-containing compounds in the presence of an oxygen containing gas stream at a temperature greater than about 475.degree. C. and less than about 600.degree. C. for times from about 30 minutes up to about 5 hours. Such treated MSW fly ash will give leachates containing lead concentrations less than the EPA regulatory limit. | ||||||
| 191 | Cathode and process for degrading halogenated carbon compounds in aqueous solvents | US806779 | 1991-12-12 | US5292409A | 1994-03-08 | Brian G. Dixon; Leah J. Bialic |
| Aqueous solutions of halogenated carbon compounds containing at least one halogen atom and capable of undergoing nucleophilic substitution are degraded by electrolytically generating superoxide ion under the protection of a layer of ion exchange material. | ||||||
| 192 | Method for treatment of potlining residue from primary aluminium smelters | US971054 | 1992-11-03 | US5286274A | 1994-02-15 | Jon G. Lindkvist; Terje Johnsen |
| This is a method for treatment of spent potlining from aluminium reduction cells including the refractory material in order to transfer the spent potlining to a form in which it can be used as a filler or as a raw material. The spent potlining is crushed and supplied to a closed electrothermic smelting furnace optionally together with a SiO.sub.2 source, wherein the spent potlining is melted at a temperature between 1300.degree. and 1750.degree. C. An oxidation agent is supplied to the furnace in order to oxidize carbon and other oxidizable components contained in the spent potlining such as metals, carbides and nitrides. Further, a source of calcium oxide is supplied to the smelting furnace in an amount necessary to react with all fluoride present to form CaF.sub.2 and to form a calcium aluminate or calcium aluminate silicate slag containing CaF.sub.2 which slag is liquid at the bath temperature in the furnace, and that the calcium aluminate or calcium aluminate silicate slag and optionally a metal phase are tapped from the furnace and cooled to blocks or granules. | ||||||
| 193 | Tunable plasma method and apparatus using radio frequency heating and electron beam irradiation | US629424 | 1990-12-18 | US5256854A | 1993-10-26 | Leslie Bromberg; Daniel R. Cohn; William C. Guss; Barton G. Lane; Donna L. Smatlak |
| A method and apparatus for the pyrolytic destruction or synthesis of gases via a highly tunable combination of radio frequency heating and electron beam irradiation is disclosed. The method is appropriate for destroying toxic gases emanating from hazardous wastes and for synthesizing new molecules from the molecules of a gas. The method is also appropriate for creating scavenger gases and hot gases with large enthalpy for use in sterilization procedures, for example. Embodiments are disclosed employing inductive or direct waveguide/cavity coupling of radio frequency power to the gas. In embodiments of the invention, magnetic fields are used to modify the paths of the electrons in the beam to facilitate tuning and improve the energy efficiency of the system. In a two-stage system, solid and/or liquid wastes are first heated in order to vaporize the toxic materials. Then, the gases produced in the first stage are destroyed by the combination of radio frequency heating and electron beam irradiation of the invention. | ||||||
| 194 | Reduced leaching of heavy metals from incinerator ashes | US742253 | 1991-08-08 | US5245121A | 1993-09-14 | James W. Gall; Ollie G. Buck; Dennis R. Kidd |
| A waste material which contains chromium and/or lead impurities is treated by mixing the waste material with diatomaceous earth and/or sodium borate and then heating the mixture in a free oxygen containing gas at about 500.degree.-1500.degree. C., preferably in the presence of steam. | ||||||
| 195 | Extraction of mercury and mercury compounds from contaminated material and solutions | US963225 | 1992-10-19 | US5226545A | 1993-07-13 | Donald F. Foust |
| Mercury and mercury-containing compounds can be removed from soil, sand, and similar materials by a remediation method in which the contaminated material is treated with an aqueous composition comprising an oxidant, such as iodine, and a complexing or solubilizing agent, such as potassium iodide, the liquid and solid phases are separated, and further processed as needed. | ||||||
| 196 | Fixation of heavy metals in scrubbed municipal solid waste incinerator ash | US757361 | 1991-09-10 | US5220111A | 1993-06-15 | Donald P. Bucci; Francis A. Altemose, II; Nancy C. Easterbrook; Edwin N. Givens; Joseph Klosek; Kenneth D. Tracy; Kai P. Wong |
| Fly ash generated from incineration of municipal solid waste (MSW) when placed in landfills under mild acid conditions can leach lead and cadmium. A process for stabilizing heavy metals in this fly ash is presented which involves calcining in the presence of an oxygen containing gas stream at a temperature greater than about 375.degree. C. and substantially less than about 800.degree. C. for times from about 170 seconds up to about 5 hours fly ash which has been subjected to lime scrubbing for acid gas removal. Such treated MSW fly ash will give leachates containing heavy metal concentrations less than the EPA regulatory limit. | ||||||
| 197 | Fixation of elemental mercury present in spent molecular sieve desiccant for disposal | US732690 | 1991-07-19 | US5173286A | 1992-12-22 | Costandi A. Audeh |
| A process for fixing elemental mercury (Hg.degree.) in a spent molecular sieve desiccant is disclosed. The process includes isolating gspent molecular sieve desiccant containing elemental mercury, and contacting the spent desiccant in a dilute aqueous solution of an alkaline metal salt. The reaction traps the mercury within the spent desiccant as an insoluble heavy metal salt. The alkaline metal salt can include, for example, sodium thiosulfate (Na.sub.2 S.sub.2 O.sub.3), sodium polysulfide (Na.sub.2 S.sub.x), or potassium peroxomonosulfate (KHSO.sub.5). The reaction with any of these aqueous solutions acts to fix the elemental mercury (Hg.degree.) as a mercury compound within the solid desiccant. If sodium thiosulfate or sodium polysulfide is utilized, then the process also includes introducing hydrochloric acid (HCl) in a suitable quantity to liberate sufficient elemental sulfur to react with the elemental mercury (Hg.degree.) to form an HgS salt. The formation of HgS fixes the elemental mercury (Hg.degree.) in the form of a heavy metal salt in the solid desiccant. If, however, an aqueous potassium peroxomonosulfate (KHSO.sub.5) solution is utilized, then HCl is not needed. The aqueous potassium peroxomonosulfate solution is used in a suitable concentration to convert the elemental mercury (Hg.degree.) in the spent desiccant to HgO, so that the elemental mercury (Hg.degree.) is fixed as an insoluble heavy metal oxide in the solid desiccant. | ||||||
| 198 | Detoxification of aluminum spent potliner by thermal treatment, lime slurry quench and post-kiln treatment | US774941 | 1991-10-11 | US5164174A | 1992-11-17 | Donald B. Banker; Dennis G. Brooks; Euel R. Cutshall; Douglas D. Macauley; Dennis F. Strahan |
| A method is disclosed for detoxification of aluminum spent potliner by thermal treatment in a rotary kiln while blended with limestone and metal silicates to destroy cyanides and convert the soluble fluoride salts to relatively insoluble calcium fluoride and fluoride-bearing minerals, quenching the hot kiln discharge with an aqueous lime slurry to convert residual soluble fluoride salts on the particle surfaces to an insoluble form, and treating aqueous landfill runoff and capture with lime or limestone and recycling the treated water to the process. The treated material is suitable for landfilling in a non-hazardous waste landfill or marketing as a raw material. Air emissions are innocuous and there is no aqueous discharge. | ||||||
| 199 | Removal of contaminates from granular solids | US488092 | 1990-03-05 | US5087374A | 1992-02-11 | Lambert L. Ding |
| There is disclosed a method for the removal of impurities, particularly organic impurities from granular solids, having its greatest immediate application for the regeneration of spent adsorbents which are used to purify waste water. The spent activated carbon is immersed in an aqueous bath which preferably contains a surface active agent, and water is circulated over the activated carbon while ultrasonic vibration is applied to the aqueous bath at a frequency from about 1 to about 100 kHz to desorb the organic adsorbate from the activated carbon. The desorbed organic compounds are washed from the activated carbon by the circulating water stream and are decomposed by introducing ozone into the water stream and, most preferably, while subjecting the water stream to ultraviolet radiation, thereby producing a wash water which can be safely discharged to the environment. | ||||||
| 200 | Method for the removal of lead from waste products | US568861 | 1990-08-17 | US5067978A | 1991-11-26 | Benjamin P. Fowler |
| A process for the removal of lead from a waste product comprising the steps of delivering silica to a combustion chamber, heating the silica within the combustion chamber to a temperature of greater than 1500.degree. F., mixing a lead-containing waste with the heated silica so as to form a leaded glass, and removing the leaded glass from the combustion chamber. The silica material is sand. The process further includes the step of removing oxygen from the chamber prior to the step of heating. The oxygen is removed by injecting an inert gas into the chamber so as to displace oxygen from the chamber. The silica is heated to a temperature suitable for forming molten glass. The remaining constituents of the waste product are heated so as to become diassociated gaseous components. | ||||||
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