The invention relates to a polarization compensating element (PCE) for a liquid crystal, e.g. liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS), display system manufactured using a linearly photo-polymerizable polymer (LPP) (1) for orienting a photo-polymerizable liquid crystal polymer (LCP) film (2). To decrease the reflection, polarization conversion, and interference events in an LPP/LCP assembly the ΔN birefringence value of the LCP material is minimized. Dielectric coatings (31, 38) are added at various locations throughout the assembly for minimizing the amount of reflection, polarization conversion, and interference effects and for suppressing spatial retardance ripples.

In a first aspect of the invention, an image display device, in which one or more groups of particles or liquid powders are sealed between opposed two substrates, at least one of two substrates being transparent, and, in which the particles or the liquid powders, to which an electrostatic field produced by two groups of electrodes having different potentials is applied, are made to move so as to display an image, has a construction such that a member for transmitting a signal, which is applied to circuits for an image display, is provided to the substrate by means of an anisotropic conductive film and members such as the electrode are provided to a substrate opposed to a transparent substrate. In second to sixth aspects of the invention, an image display device has a construction such that the electrode is arranged to a surface of the substrate through a transparent elastic member, or, an anti-reflection layer is arranged, or, a connection operation between two substrates through a partition wall is optimized.

A laminate comprises a first layer (18) formed on the outermost side and a second layer (16) formed under the first layer, wherein the second layer (16) contains a needle-like antimony-containing tin oxide and the antireflecting film (10) comprises the laminate. They have superior antistatic properties, antiscratching properties and transparency. Preferably, the second layer (16) is a cured product prepared by curing an organic solvent type curable composition containing the following compounds (A-1) to (D) in all solids, the total solid concentration of the composition being 0.5 to 75%:

• (A-1) 40 to 80% by weight of the needle-like antimony-containing tin oxide;
• (B) 5 to 40% by weight of a reaction product of a hydroxyl group-containing polyfunctional (meth)acrylate and a diisocyanate;
• (C) 5 to 30% by weight of a polyfunctional (meth)acrylate; and
• (D) 0.5 to 10% by weight of a photoinitiator. The compound (A-1) may be surface-treated.

Provided is an electrophoresis display apparatus in which light is unlikely to be reflected by a partition wall part and which realizes high contrast. An electrophoresis display apparatus 1 is provided with a first base member 8 on which a semiconductor elements 9c are arranged, a second base member 16 facing the first base member 8, and partition walls 5 that are positioned between the first base member 8 and the second base member 16 and partition pixel regions 6, and has a reflection reduction film 7 that reduces light reflection in a location facing the partition walls 5, as viewed from a second base member 16 side.

Disclosed herein is an outdoor display device capable of improving image visibility. The outdoor display device includes a housing unit having an opening in a front surface thereof, a glass unit in the opening of the housing unit, and a display unit in the housing unit, and including a liquid crystal display panel disposed in a rear of the glass unit to display an image, and the glass unit includes a transparent member, a polarizing film on a rear of the transparent member, and a λ/4 film on at least any one of the polarizing film and the liquid crystal display panel.

Disclosed herein is an outdoor display device capable of improving image visibility. The outdoor display device includes a housing unit having an opening in a front surface thereof, a glass unit in the opening of the housing unit, and a display unit in the housing unit, and including a liquid crystal display panel disposed in a rear of the glass unit to display an image, and the glass unit includes a transparent member, a polarizing film on a rear of the transparent member, and a λ/4 film on at least any one of the polarizing film and the liquid crystal display panel.

A reflection-type optical control element according to the present invention has an optical control layer (10) whose state is reversibly changed between a transparent state caused by hydrogenation and a reflective state caused by dehydrogenation, a catalyst layer (20) that accelerates the hydrogenation and the dehydrogenation in the optical-control layer (10), and an oxidation inhibition member (30) that is arranged between the optical control layer (10) and the catalyst layer (20) and inhibits oxidation of the optical control layer (10) that is caused by oxygen that permeates through the catalyst layer (20).