In einer Dampfkraftwerksanlage ist zwischen Kessel und Kondensator (9) eine Bypass-Leitung (2) angeordnet, die der Ableitung von Dampf beim An- oder Abfahren der Kraftwerksanlage dient. In der Bypass-Leitung (2) ist vor dem Kondensator (9) eine Dampfeinführungsvorrichtung (1) angeordnet, in welcher der Dampf vor der Einfuhr in den Kondensator (9) entspannt und enthitzt wird. Die Dampfeinführungsvornchtung (1) weist eine erste Lochblende (3), eine Enthitzungskammer (4) und eine zweite Lochblende (8) auf. Erfindungsgemäss besteht die erste Lochblende (3) aus einem einzigen, kugelförmigen Teil. Die Lochblende (3) besitzt durch diese Form eine günstige mechanische und thermische Stabilität, wodurch dünne Wanddicken und eine Herstellung durch Pressen ermöglicht sind. Die Öffnungen (12) der Lochblende werden nach dem Pressen durch einmaliges Bohren gefertigt und sind jeweils von den nächstliegenden Öffnungen gleich weit entfernt. Die Lochblende (3) zeichnet sich durch eine erhöhte Betriebssicherheit und tiefere Fabrikationskosten aus.

A nuclear reactor 10 is joined to a steam turbine 24 by a main steamline 22 for discharging steam thereto. A plurality of flow control valves 44 regulate flow to the turbine 24, and a bypass valve 46 selectively bypasses a portion of the steam around the turbine 24 to its condenser 48. A pressure regulator 50 and turbine controller 54 are operatively joined to the control valves 44 and the bypass valve 46 for controlling steamflow to the turbine 24. An apparatus 82 for detecting failure of one of the control valves 44 is operatively connected to the bypass valve 46, and upon failure of one of the control valves 44 to channel sufficient flowrate, the bypass valve 46 is automatically opened to reduce reactor pressure rise. The failure detecting apparatus 82 also provides a reduction demand signal for reducing reactor power for allowing the bypass valve 46 to close.

An improved multi-stage turbine system is provided which includes a high pressure turbine stage assembly (11) and at least one lower pressure turbine stage assembly (12). Each of these turbine assemblies preferably has an inlet opening for introducing a thermodynamic medium in the form of a vapor and a discharge opening for discharging the thermodynamic medium from the turbine assembly at a reduced temperature and pressure. Each of the turbine assemblies is typically mounted on a rotatable shaft (13, 14) and these shafts may be coaxially aligned. An assembly such as a clutch (15) may be provided for releasably interlocking the shafts. The thermodynamic medium is transported, when operating conditions are suitable, from the discharge opening of the high pressure turbine assembly to the inlet opening of the lower pressure turbine assembly. When operating conditions are not thus suitable, the thermodynamic medium is transported from the discharge opening of the high pressure turbine assembly to an apparatus for vapor liquification such as a condenser (61).

A reheat steam turbine power plant having a boiler (10) with a superheater (11) and a reheater (12;13) disposed therein, a high-pressure steam turbine (21), an intermediate pressure steam turbine (22;23) a low pressure turbine (24), and a condenser (30) condensing a steam exhausted through the low-pressure turbine to a condensate. A turbine bypass pipe (53;63) is provided with a bypass valve (51;61). A branch pipe (64;54) branches off a cold reheater pipe (42;44) between the check valve and the reheater (12.13) is connected to the condenser for introducing steam flowing through the turbine bypass pipe. A control valve (68;58) is arranged in the branch pipe and a controller (200) controls the bypass valve and the control valve. When the turbine bypass line is operational in one of a start-up or an auxiliary operation of the power plant, the control valve and the bypass valve are controlled by the controller so that the quantity of reheat steam introduced into the reheater is controlled and excess or surplus steam is discharged to condenser (30) through the branch pipe.

A bypass system for a steam turbine wherein the energy level of the steam (76) bypassed around the intermediate pressure and low pressure turbines (13, 14) is modified by introduction of cooling water (87). The amount of water introduced is adaptively varied as a function of the enthalpy of the bypassed steam as measured by a sensor (140) in the steam path (76). This arrangement provides numerous advantages such as a significant saving in pumping energy, a reduced likelihood of condenser (40) overheating and prolonged life of condenser, over the prior art system relying merely on the flow rate of the bypassed steam for cooling water flow computation.

Provided are a main steam piping (4) connecting a steam generator (1) and a steam turbine (2), a bypass piping (6) branched from the main steam piping (4) and bypassing the steam turbine (2), a bypass valve (7) provided in the bypass piping (6), a warming piping (8) branched from the bypass valve (7), a warming valve (9) provided in the warming piping (8), and a control system (10). The control system (10) controls the warming valve (9) in such a manner that bypass valve temperature t is brought to within a temperature range satisfying the three conditions: (a) being equal to or higher than the saturated temperature of steam flowing into the bypass valve (7); (b) having a temperature difference from the flowing-in steam of equal to or less than an allowable value; and (c) being equal to or lower than a temperature at which the formation rate of steam oxidation scale rises.

A thermal energy recovery device capable of suppressing a rapid increase of thermal stress generated in an evaporator when the operation is started and a start-up method thereof are provided. The thermal energy recovery device comprises an evaporator 10, a preheater 12, an energy recovery unit 13, a circulating flow path 22, a pump 20, a heating medium flow path for supplying a heating medium to the evaporator 10 and the preheater 12, a flow adjustment unit 40 provided in a portion on the upstream side than the evaporator 10 within the heating medium flow path 30, and a control unit 50. The control unit 50 controls the flow adjustment unit 40 so that the inflow amount of the heating medium in a gas-phase to the evaporator 10 gradually increases, in a state that the pump 20 is stopped, until the temperature of the evaporator 10 becomes a specified value.