BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates broadly to discrete Fourier transform (DFT) processors and more particularly, to a multipoint pipeline processor of radix 2 for computing a discrete Fourier transform based on a combination of techniques derived from fast Fourier transform (FFT) and Winograd discrete Fourier transform (WDFT) type algorithms.

The calculation of the discrete Fourier transform (DFT), as denoted generally by the following equation ##EQU1## is one of the central operations in digital signal processing. In equation (1) above, the term x(n) denotes an input sequence of points sampled from a waveform over a time interval comprising N samplings, wherein the index n is often termed the input index; similarly, the term X(k) denotes an output sequence of frequency harmonics corresponding to the discrete Fourier transformation of the N sampled points of the waveform, wherein the index k is often termed the output index. Since the DFT is considered such a powerful mathematical tool, it is often applied to systems which deal with signals that are discrete in time, like Doppler spectrum analysis (Fourier analysis) digital filtering (convolution) and chirp filtering (correlation), for example.

The DFT equation (1) above may be more simply expressed in the form of equation (2) below ##EQU2## where

W=exp[-j(2π/N)].                                        (3)

Equation (2) is commonly expressed in the matrix representation ##EQU3## which is a linear transformation of the N-dimensional data vector x(n) into the vector X(k) of frequency samples. Assuming that the term x(n) is complex, the linear transformation of equation (4) requires N² complex multiplications and N(N-1) complex additions. Consequently, the DFT becomes impractical, in a sense, as the number of points, N, increases in length because of the large number of complex operations required.

In 1965, a paper entitled "An Algorithm for the Machine Calculation of Complex Fourier Series" by Cooley and Tukey published in Math. Comput., vol. 19, pp. 297-301, (April, 1965), had a major impact on signal processing by stimulating the development and widespread use of what is commonly termed the fast Fourier transform (FFT). The FFT algorithms use the relationship

Wnk =Wnk mod (N)                                 (5)

where [nk mod (N)] is the remainder of the division of nk by N. For example, if N=4=2², then when n=2 and k=3, W⁶ =W². For convenience, to illustrate the FFT algorithm the number of sample points, N, is choosen as a power of 2, say for example, N=4. The first step in the development of the FFT algorithm for the present example is to rewrite equation (4) as ##EQU4## where each element in the W square matrix is replaced with its mod (N) equivalent. Thereafter, the second step involves a matrix factorization, peculiar to the theory of the FFT algorithm which may include at least one row interchange and a permutation of at least one of the output and/or input indexes of the column vectors X(k) and x(n), respectively. In the present example, the resulting matrix equation after the second step may take the form of: ##EQU5##

A signal flow graph is generally used to illustrate the operations performed in the matrix equation resulting from the matrix factorization process of the FFT algorithm. For equation (7) above, the signal flow graph may appear as that shown in FIG. 1. Note that, in the signal flow graph of FIG. 1, there are two computational arrays x₁ (n) and x₂ (n) resulting from the matrix computations of matrix A (equation 7) with the data vector x(n) and matrix B (equation 7) with the computational array x₁ (n), respectively. In general, there will be δ computational arrays where N=2.sup.δ. Further scrutinization of the signal flow graph of FIG. 1, yield the fact that only four complex multiplications and only eight complex additions are required to compute each array x₁ (n) and x₂ (n). Consequently, only eight complex multiplications are required for the entire transformation reducing the required number of complex multiplications for N=4 from 16 for the DFT to 8 for the FFT.

In general, for N=2.sup.δ, the number of complex multiplications for the FFT algorithm is in the order of Nlog₂ (N) as compared with N² for the DFT. It is readily apparent that as N increases in number, the FFT algorithm provides even greater savings in complex multiplications than that shown for N=4. For example, if N=2¹⁰, then for the DFT, the number of complex multiplications would be 2²⁰ ; however for the FFT, the number would be on the order of 10.2¹⁰. This is a savings of complex multiplications on the order of 100/1 which makes the FFT algorithm convincingly superior to the DFT as a computational tool. For a more comprehensive study of the fast Fourier transform (FFT) for background purposes reference is made herein to the text "The Fast Fourier Transform" by E. Oran Brigham, published in 1974 by Prentice-Hall, Inc. In addition, for a generalized summary of the state of the art improvements to the FFT algorithm, reference is also made to a paper entitled "A Prime Factor FFT Algorithm Using High Speed Convolution" written by Dean P. Kolba and Thomas W. Parks for the IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, Vol. ASSP-25, No. 4, August, 1977.

One known form of implementation of the FFT algorithm is the architecture of a pipeline of computational elements (CE's). The primary advantage of the pipeline FFT architecture is the parallel processing of the computational elements which substantially improve computational speed with a hardware structure involving virtually no overhead for control functions. A typical example of a basic computational element (commonly termed butterfly) of the radix-2, decimination in time version of the FFT algorithm is shown in FIG. 2. The butterfly or CE generally consists of one complex multiplication and two complex additions. These CE's are usually cascadedly coupled in the pipeline architecture to form the computational complexity of the FFT.

Generally, the number of computations required for a complete transform for an N-point, radix-2 FFT is (N/2) log₂ N, since the FFT algorithm consists of log₂ N computational stages and each stage requires N/2 butterflies. A glance at FIG. 1 will verify these numbers for the case N=4. There are log₂ 4=2 computational stages and 4/2 butterflies for each stage making a total of 4/2 log₂ 4 or 4 butterflies in all. However, realizing that W² =-W⁰, and W³ =-W¹, a pipeline structure of just two cascadedly coupled CE's may be arranged to perform the computations of the signal flow graph of FIG. 1. An exemplary schematic architecture of such a pipeline architecture is shown in FIG. 3 wherein CE₁ and CE₂ are in a circuit form similar to that shown in FIG. 2 and wherein the blocks denoted by R and D are merely information holding and delay registers, respectively, enabled for updating data by a conventional clock (not shown). The holding and delay registers permit the parallel processing of the CE's to occur. A set of commutator switches SW1 and SW2 appropriately align the data presented to CE₂ in a timely fashion.

A typical operation of the simplified pipeline embodiment of FIG. 3 may be described in connection with the signal flow graph of FIG. 1. To start with, the input data array points x(0) and x(2) may be presented at input points A and B, respectively. At the next clock pulse i, the data is captured by registers R1 and R2, respectively. During the interval between clock pulses i and i+1, CE₁, computes x₁ (0) and x₁ (2) and presents this data to registers D1 and D2, respectively. Concurrently, data points x(1) and x(3) are presented to registers R1 and R2. At the clock pulse i+1, all the registers are updated. Between clock pulse i+1 and i+2, CE₁ computes x₁ (1) and x₁ (3) in accordance with the signal flow graph of FIG. 1 and the previously calculated x₁ (0) is present at A'. Note that D1 is a one pulse delay register and D2 is a two pulse delay register. At the next clock pulse i+2, all the registers are again updated and switches SW1 and SW2 are controlled to position 1. Between clock pulses i+2 and i+3, CE computes x₁ '(Q) and x₁ '(2) from the second set of input data x'(0) and x'(2) presented thereto. In addition, present at A' and C' are the computed points x₁ (1) and x₁ (0), respectively, which are presented to CE₂ through switches SW1 and SW2 (position 1) wherein x₂ (0) and x₂ (1) are computed in accordance with the signal flow graph in FIG. 1. At the next clock pulse i+3, all the registers are again updated and switches SW1 and SW2 are controlled to position 2. Thereafter, x₁ (3) and x₁ (2) are present at B' and D', respectively. Between clock pulses i+3 and i+4, CE₁ computes x₁ '(1) and x₁ '(3) from the second set of input data points x'(1) and x'(3) presented thereto, and in a parallel processing manner, CE₂ computes x₂ (2) and x₂ (3) from x₁ (3) and x₁ (2) which are presented thereto from B' and D' through switches SW1 and SW2 (position 2). Note that x₂ (0) and x₂ (1) are present at the output C and D respectively after clock pulse i+3 and similarly, x₂ (2) and x₂ (3) are present at the outputs C and D, respectively after clock pulse i+4. The radix -2 pipeline processor FIG. 3 continues in a similar manner to process serially input pairs of data in a parallel processing fashion and serially output the computed results in predetermined data pairs in accordance with the computational array pattern of the signal flow graph of FIG. 1.

It is understood that the example described above in connection with FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 was used merely to provide a simple understanding of the FFT algorithm and pipeline processor architecture in connection therewith. For a more detailed explanation of FFT pipeline processors, reference is made herein to the text entitled "Application of Digital Signal Processing" edited by Alan V. Oppenhein published by Prentice-Hall, Inc. (1978), primarily Chapter 5 pp. 265-279 which was authored by J. H. McClellan and R. J. Purdy both of MIT and the text entitled "Theory and Application of Digital Signal Processing" by Rabiner and Gold published by Prentice-Hall, Inc. (1975) primarily Chapter 10.

As was stated above, the FFT pipeline processor consists of log₂ N stages for an N-point, radix-2 FFT and in general, each stage comprises a complex multiplication which in a hardware mechanization may involve two multipliers to better facilitate the subsequent complex additions of the butterfly computational element with respect to the parallel pipeline processing. It becomes readily evident that for a 32-point FFT pipeline processor, for example, as many as 10 hardware multipliers may be required, for a 64-point, as many as 12, and for a 128 point, as many as 14. It is well known to those skilled in the pertinent art that hardware multipliers, especially those of the digital variety of say 12 to 16 bits accuracy, involve many interconnected medium-scale-integrated (MSI) circuits which are very costly and take up excessive printed circuit (PC) board areas in the fabrication thereof and in addition, the hardware multipliers consume precious computational time in the operation thereof.

One of the first to successfully reduce the number of multiplication computations of the FFT by making use of the group theoretic properties of the W matrix was S. Winograd. In his concise paper entitled "On Computing the Discrete Fourier Transform", Proc. Nat. Acad. Sec. U.S.A., vol. 73, no. 4, pp. 1005-1006, April 1976, Winograd combines the conversion of a DFT to convolution for prime and prime power lengths with new convolution algorithms, which were being developed by Argarwal and Cooley at that time, for deriving short transforms. He proposed that long transforms be computed by nesting these short, high speed transforms and compared the number of operations required with that of the conventional FFT. For a comprehensive summary of the work by Winograd and others involving the conversion of a DFT to circular convolution and convolution with minimum number of multipliers, reference is again made to the paper to Kolba, et al. cited hereinabove.

In general, Winograd suggests that by combining the cyclical properties of the W matrix of the FFT with some theoretic properties of integers that the number of multipliers required to perform a DFT may be reduced by 5-10/1 over existing FFT algorithms. However, the Winograd discrete Fourier transform (WDFT) does not control the number of adds for all known results. Nonetheless, this does not produce disadvantageous results, because the number of adds of the WDFT stay within about 10% of the number required for an FFT. Accordingly, the overall number of computations of the FFT is reduced using the WDFT (see Kolba, et al. referenced above for more specific details).

One primary drawback of the WDFT algorithm is that it is not directly reduceable to practice in a pipeline processor because the structure of the WDFT is far less regular than the FFT and thus inefficient to implement in terms of a hardware pipeline machine as described supra. In addition, the input and output sequences to the computational stages are at times permitted in an unusual manner. The only implemented versions of the WDFT algorithm that are known to exist are general purpose digital computer programs where the structure of its nested signal flow graphs and permutations of its input/output sequences are handled in the programs. The paper, entitled "An Introduction to Programming the Winograd Fourier Transform Algorithm (WFTA)", by H. F. Silverman, published in the IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, vol. ASSP-25, pp. 152-165, April 1977, provides a more detailed description of examples of programming the Winograd transform and is referenced herein for that purpose. Another paper, entitled "Fixed Point Error Analysis of the Winograd Fourier Transform Algorithm" by Robert W. Patterson submitted as a Masters Thesis to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in September 1977, makes light of the irregularities in the signal flow graph and the unusual permutations of the input/output sequence of the Winograd transform, particularly that of the 5 point DFT shown on page 86 therein. The Patterson thesis is additionally made reference to herein for a more detailed discussion of the WFTA. A most recently issued U.S. Pat. No. 4,156,920 issued May 29, 1979 to S. Winograd may provide additional background material.

In summary, the main drawbacks of the WDFT that have apparently precluded its implementation in hardware pipeline mechanization are: (1) it is less efficient to mechanize because of less regular structure, and (2) it requires complicated memory bookeeping in hardware because of the unusual input and output sequences to various computational stages of the short transforms nested therein. It is understood that as systems are required to perform increasingly complex functions more quickly, there is a need for a DFT, like that taught by Winograd, which is apparently noticeably faster than the FFT. For large transforms this step may make the complex computations feasible and for smaller transforms, this step may allow faster computation or at least computation with less implementable hardware.

Presented herebelow is a multipoint radix-2, pipeline processor which is believed to solve the aforementioned problems of the WDFT by providing an inherently faster more cost effective way of implementing the DFT of a relatively large number of data points as compared with a state of the art comparable multipoint FFT pipeline processor. The preferred embodiment described herebelow departs from the FFT and WDFT by combining the reduction in multiplicative computations of the WDFT with the structural regularity of the FFT to provide an improved multipoint, radix-2, pipeline processor.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In accordance with the broad principles of the present invention, a pipeline processor for performing a discrete Fourier transformation (DFT) on an input array of N signal values to derive an output array of at most N signal values representative of the frequency transformation of the input array comprises an input processing section, an intermediate processing section and an output processing section. The input processing section includes a first plurality of cascadedly coupled computational elements operative to perform only additions and subtractions substantially in butterfly-type arrangements, and is governed to operate on the input array of N signal values with the computational elements in a pipeline computational fashion and to propagate the resulting interelement computed signal values therethrough in a first predetermined signal flow pattern to render a first intermediate array of signal values. The intermediate processing section multiplies each signal value of the first intermediate array with at least one respectively corresponding predetermined transformation value to generate a second intermediate array of signal values. The output processing section includes a second plurality of cascadedly coupled computational elements operative to perform only additions and subtraction substantially in butterfly-type arrangements, and is governed to operate on said second intermediate array of signal values with the computational elements in a pipeline computational fashion and to propagate the resulting interelement computed signal values therethrough in a second predetermined signal flow pattern to render the output array of at most N signal values.

More specifically, the pipeline processor comprises a radix-2 configuration having top and bottom propagation rails. The signal values of the input array are, preferably, input sequentially at the top and bottom rails of the input processing section in a predetermined first order of coupled pairs. Similarly, the first intermediate array is preferably rendered sequentially from the top and bottom rails of the input processing section in a second predetermined order of coupled pairs. Accordingly, the second intermediate array is generated sequentially by the intermediate processing section in a third predetermined order of coupled pairs; the second intermediate array is input sequentially to the top and bottom rails of the output processing section in a fourth predetermined order of coupled pairs; and the output array of signal values is rendered sequentially from the top and bottom rails of the output processing section in a fifth predetermined order of coupled pairs. In one case, the third and fourth predetermined orders of coupled pairs are equivalent.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the first and second signal flow propagation patterns of the input and output processing sections, respectively, are based on a 30-point signal flow graph including a predetermined nesting configuration of selected 2-, 3-, and 5-point signal flow graphs. In addition, the transformation values of the intermediate processing section are compositely formed from the multiplication factors of the nested 2-, 3-, and 5-point transforms of the 30-point signal flow graph. And furthermore, the predetermined order of coupled pairs associated with the signal values of the input, first intermediate, second intermediate, and output array are additionally related to the nesting configuration of the 2-, 3- and 5-point transforms of the 30-point signal flow graph.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the first and second signal flow propagation patterns of the input and output processing sections, respectively, are based on a 60-point signal flow graph including a predetermined nesting configuration of selected 4-, 3- and 5-point signal flow graphs. In accordance with the embodiment, the transformation values of the intermediate processing section are compositely formed from the multiplication factors of the nested 4-, 3- and 5-point transforms of the 60-point signal flow graph and similarly, the predetermined orders of coupled pairs associated with the processing of each of the arrays are related to the predetermined nesting configuration in the 60-point transform.

In the case in which, each of N signal values comprises a first and second portion. The input processing section processes the input array of first portions and the input array of second portions, individually, and renders a first and second intermediate array, respectively associated therewith. A first and second composite array are formed in the intermediate processing section by selecting signal values from both the rendered first and second intermediate arrays. Third and fourth intermediate arrays are generated in the intermediate processing section from the multiplication of the signal values of the first and second composite arrays, respectively, with their corresponding predetermined transformation values. The output processing section processes the third and fourth arrays, individually, and renders first and second output arrays, respectively associated therewith, the first and second output arrays being compositely representative of the frequency transformation components of the input array.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 exemplifies a standard signal flow graph for a discrete Fourier transformation for background reference purposes;

FIG. 2 is a functional schematic diagram of a conventional butterfly-type computational element standardly used in pipeline processors;

FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram typifying a pipeline processor embodying the computational elements of FIG. 2 provided for background reference purposes;

FIGS. 4A, 4B and 4C exhibit selected 2-, 3- and 5-point signal flow graphs, respectively;

FIGS. 5A and 5B exhibit a 30-point signal flow graph including a predetermined nesting configuration of the selected 2-, 3-, and 5-point signal flow graphs;

FIGS. 6A and 6B is a schematic block diagram detailing the interconnection of the predetermined nesting configuration of the selected 2-, 3- and 5-point signal flow graphs of the 30-point transform shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B;

FIG. 7 is a graph illustrating the vectors used in computing the multiplication constants M1-M30 of the 30-point transform of FIGS. 5A and 5B;

FIGS. 8A, 8B and 8C is a schematic block diagram embodiment of a multipoint pipeline processor based on the 30-point transform of FIGS. 5A and 5B;

FIG. 9 is a simplified schematic block diagram of a digital multiplier suitable for use in the embodiment of FIGS. 8A, 8B and 8C;

FIG. 10 exhibits a selected 4-point signal flow graph;

FIGS. 11A and 11B is a partial schematic block diagram representative of the interconnections of a predetermined nesting configuration of the selected 4-, 3- and 5-point signal flow graphs to form a 60-point signal flow graph; and

FIG. 12 is a schematic block diagram extension to the embodiment of FIGS. 8A, 8B and 8C which in combination form an embodiment of a multipoint pipeline processor based on the 60-point signal flow graph of FIGS. 11A and 11B.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

The first embodiment of a multipoint pipeline processor to be described is that of a 30 point pipeline processor which is based on 2, 3 and 5 point transforms, the elemental signal flow graphs of which are shown respectively in 4A, 4B and 4C of FIG. 4. The 2 and 3 point transforms of 4A and 4B are described in sufficient detail in the Patterson thesis which was made reference to in the Background section of the instant application. However, the 5 point transform having the signal flow graph of 4C was conceived especially for the embodiment of the multipoint pipeline processor in accordance with the principles of the present invention. In the description heretofollow, the input data points are devoted as ax where x is an integer corresponding to the input index of the data point matrix of the DFT and likewise, the output frequency harmonics of the DFT are denoted as Ay where y is the output index of the frequency matrix. The multiplication constants Kz, where z is an integer, are derived from the nesting of small transforms within the large transforms according to known Winograd techniques.

Referring to FIG. 4, it is pointed out that the elemental 3 and 5 point transforms may each be partitioned into 3 sections--an input section comprising only additions and subtraction operations, a middle or intermediate section comprising only multiplication operations, and an output section comprising essentially only addition and subtraction operations. It is further pointed out that the real parts of the input data points ax may be first operated on by the input section of the transforms to yield an intermediate array a'x (real) of real data points. Thereafter, the imaginary parts of the inputs data points ax may be operated on by the input section of the transforms in accordance with the signal flow graph thereof to yield an intermediate array a'x (imaginary) of imaginary data points. It is understood that the imaginary parts of the input data points may be operated on by the input sections first followed by the real parts of the input data points without altering the transformation.

Since the constant multipliers Kz of the middle section of the transforms may be either real or imaginary, data points may be selected from the intermediate arrays a'x (real) and a'x (imaginary) such that when multiplied by their respectively corresponding multiplication constant Kz (and/or unity), the resultant array a"x is all real or all imaginary, but not complex. The resultant arrays a"x (real) and a"y (imaginary) may then be individually processed by the output section of the transforms in accordance with the signal flow graphs thereof to yield the real and imaginary portions of the frequency harmonics Ay. Both the input data point array ax and output frequency harmonic array Ay are permitted as shown in FIG. 4 to correspond to the construction and operation of their associated signal flow graph.

A 30 point signal flow graph which is shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B is used as a basis for the architecture of a 30 point pipeline processor for discrete Fourier transformations. The 30 point signal flow graph of 5A and 5B is constructed by nesting the smaller 2, 3 and 5 point transforms of 4A, 4B and 4C, respectively, according to the block diagram schematic of signal flow depicted in FIGS. 6A and 6B. For purposes of describing the signal flow graphs of the 30 point transform, the nodes of each intermediate array resulting from the preceeding computational stage are enumerated with consecutive integers. For example, starting at the extreme left of FIG. 5A, the nodes of the first intermediate array resulting from the first computational stage are denoted by the integers 0 through 29 consecutively, the nodes of the second intermediate array are denoted as 30 through 59, and so on through the 12 computational stage of the signal flow graph, yielding an output array of nodes denoted by the integers 330 through 359, consecutively. According to the signal flow graph of FIGS. 5A and 5B, the input and output arrays are preordered in a fashion to be consistent with the nesting of the smaller transforms within the 30 point transform and the signal data flow paths therethrough. For the present embodiment, the permutations of the input and output arrays with respect to the nodes 0 through 29 and 330 through 359 respectively are tabulated in Table 1 herebelow.

              TABLE 1______________________________________    Input Array              Output ArrayNode     Element       Node       Element______________________________________0        a6            330        A121        a21           331        A272        a26           332        A23        a11           333        A174        a16           334        A225        a1            335        A76        a18           336        A247        a3            337        A98        a8            338        A149        a23           339        A2910       a28           340        A411       a13           341        A1912       a12           342        A1813       a27           343        A314       a12           344        A815       a17           345        A2316       a22           346        A2817       a7            347        A1318       a24           348        A619       a9            349        A2120       a14           350        A2621       a29           351        A1122       a4            352        A1623       a19           353        A124       a0            354        A025       a15           355        A1526       a20           356        A2027       a5            357        A528       a10           358        A1029       a25           359        A25______________________________________

In more particular detail, the first computational stage of the signal flow graph of FIG. 5A comprises 15-2 point transforms operating on predetermined ordered pairs of the input data point array as depicted by the first set of blocks B1-B15 shown at the extreme left in FIG. 6A. Accordingly, the second and third computational stages propagating from left to right in the 30 point signal flow graph are comprised of 10 nested 3 point transform input sections (4B) as depicted by a second set of blocks B16-B25. In the present embodiment the nesting alignment is such that the outputs represented by the nodes 0-5 of the first 3 blocks B1-B3 of the first column of blocks are coupled to inputs of the first 2 blocks B16 and B17 of the second column of blocks. More specifically, signal nodes 0, 2 and 4 are coupled respectively to the inputs of block 16 and signal nodes 1, 3 and 5 are coupled respectively to the inputs of block 17. Similarly, blocks B4-B6 are coupled to B18 and B19, blocks B7-B9 to B20 and B21, blocks B10-B12 to B22 and B23, and finally B13-B15 to B24 and B25.

Still further, the fourth, fifth and sixth computational stages of the 30 point signal flow graph going from left-to-right are comprised of nested input sections of the 5 point transform (4C) as depicted by a third column of blocks B26-B31 in the propagation of signal flow correspondingly from left to right in FIG. 6A. In more specific detail, the present embodiment couples the intermediate signal nodes 60, 66, 72, 78 and 84 resulting from the computational blocks B16, B18, B20, B22, and B24, respectively, to the corresponding inputs of the input section of the 5 point transform of block B26. Likewise, nodes 61, 67, 73, 79, and 85, resulting from the computations of blocks B17, B19, B21, B23, and B25, respectively, are coupled to the inputs of the block B27. In a similar fashion, the remaining nodes are partitioned in groups of 5 for alignment to the corresponding remaining input sections of the 5 point transforms (4C) represented by blocks B28, B29, B30, and B31 in accordance with block diagram schematic of FIG. 6A. What has just been described may be referred to as the input section of the 30 point signal flow graph of FIG. 5A.

As has been described hereabove in connection with the input sections of the 2, 3, and 5 point transforms of FIG. 4, input data point arrays comprising all real portions of the input data points are all imaginary portions of the input data points are individually operated on by the input section of the 30 point transform described in connection with FIGS. 5A and 5B rendering two sets of intermediate data points--one being all real values and the other being all imaginary values, both sets being represented by the nodes 150-179 in the FIGS. 5A and 6A. For the purposes of distinguishing one from the other, the real intermediate data points shall be denoted as 150R-179R and the imaginary ones as 1150I-179I. Note that both sets 150R-179R and 150I-179I may be computed by the input section of the 30 point transform prior to continuing signal flow operation by the intermediate multiplication section denoted by the multipliers M1 through M30.

Since it is known that, in deriving the composite multiplication constants M1 through M30 of the nested, 2, 3, and 5 point transforms for the 30 point transform, the resultant values may either be real or imaginary, but not complex. Thus, it can be appreciated that the previously computed elements of the intermediate arrays 150R-179R and 150I-179I may be scrambled prior to being operated on by the multiplication section to yield therefrom two sets of data points for the nodes 180-209 of the 30 point transform (see FIG. 5B)--one being all real values and the other being all imaginary values being denoted by 180R-209R and 180I-209I, respectively. The reason for this is that the output section of the 30 point transform may either operate on all real data array or on all imaginary data array, but not on elements of both concurrently. More details of one method of accomplishing the scrambling of the elements of the arrays 150R-179R and 150I-179I are provided herebelow.

It can be mathematically shown using the techniques of Winograd that the constant multiplies K₁ -K₆ may be computed for the 30 point transform, depicted in FIGS. 5A and 5B, from the equations shown in Table 2.

              TABLE 2______________________________________K1 = (W6 + W12 + W18 + W24)/4                     RealK2 = (-W6 + W12 + W18 - W24)/4                     RealK3 = (-W6 + W12 - W18 + W24)/4                     Imag.K4 = (-W6 - W12 + W18 + W24)/4                     Imag.K5 = (W10 + W20)/2                     RealK6 = (W10 + W20)/2                     Imag.______________________________________

Remembering that W=exp (-j(2π/N)), then all of the terms W⁶, W¹², W¹⁸, W²⁴, W¹⁰, and W²⁰ of the equations for K₁ -K₆ may be exhibited as vectors of the form cos θ-j sin θ, where θ=2π/N, such as that displayed in FIG. 7. Consequently, the equations of Table 2 May be reduced to simple vector additions. For example, in the equation for K₁, it is readily apparent that the imaginary portions of vectors W⁶ and W²⁴ cancel and the imaginary portions of vectors W¹² and W¹⁸ cancel, rendering only the real portions of the vectors, whereby K₁ is a real value. Similarly, it can be shown through vector addition that K₂ is real, K₃ is imaginary, K₄ is imaginary, K₅ is real and finally, K₆ is imaginary.

Furthermore, the teachings of Winograd provide for techniques for computing the composite multiplication constants M1-M30 from the constants K₁ through K₆ which result in the equations exhibited in Table 3 found herebelow. From the equations of Tables 2 and 3, it can be readily determined if the multiplication constants of the set M1-M30 are either real or imaginary. The results of this determination are also shown in Table 3.

              TABLE 3______________________________________M1       = K1 - 1            RealM2       = K1 - 1            RealM3       = (K5 - 1) (K1 - 1) RealM4       = (K5 - 1) (K1 - 1) RealM5       = K6 (K1 - 1)       Imag.M6       = K6 (K1 - 1)       Imag.M7       = K2                RealM8       = K2                RealM9       = (K5 - 1)K2        RealM10      = (K5 - 1)K2        RealM11      = K6K2              Imag.M12      = K6K2              Imag.M13      = K3                Imag.M14      = K3                Imag.M15      = (K5 - 1)K3        Imag.M16      = (K5 - 1)K3        Imag.M17      = K6K3              RealM18      = K6K3              RealM19      = K4                Imag.M20      = K4                Imag.M21      = (K5 - 1)K4        Imag.M22      = (K5 - 1)K4        Imag.M23      = K6K4              RealM24      = K6K4              RealM25      = 1                 RealM26      = 1                 RealM27      = (K5 - 1           RealM28      = K5 - 1            RealM29      = K6                Imag.M30      = K6                Imag.______________________________________

It is worthwhile recalling that each output section of the nested 5-point transform (4C) within the 30-point transform (FIG. 5B) includes 2 more multiplication constants -K₄ /K₃ and K₃ /K₄. These additional multiplication points are appropriately denoted in the 30 point signal flow graph of FIG. 5B by the symbol X. Since it is desired that all the multiplications be carried out in the middle or intermediate section of the 30 point transform, 12 additional composite multiplication constants M31 through M42 may be derived for this purpose. And since it is realized that signals at nodes 192-203 are equivalent to the signals at nodes 222-233, provisions may also be made for 2 signal nodes to virtually appear at 222 through 233, the second set of nodes being denoted as 222' through 233', respectively, corresponding to the first set of nodes 222 through 233. Consequently, the first set of nodes 222-233 may result from the multiplication of the signal nodes 162-173 by their respectively corresponding multipliers M13-M24. However, the signal nodes 222'-227' of the second set of nodes may result from the multiplication of the signal nodes 162-167 by their respective multiplication constants from the set M13-M18 and the additional multiplication factor -K₄ /K₃, (see Table 4). Likewise, the signal nodes 228'-233' result from the multiplication of the signal nodes 168-173 by their respective multiplication constant from the set M19-M24 and the additional multiplication factor K₃ /K₄ (see Table 4).

              TABLE 4______________________________________M31 = M13 · (-K4/K3)                   Imag.M32 = M14 · (-K4/K3)                   Imag.M33 = M15 · (-K4/K3)                   Imag.M34 = M16 · (-K4/K3)                   Imag.M35 = M17 · (-K4/K3)                   RealM36 = M18 · (-K4/K3)                   RealM37 = M19 · (K3/K4)                   Imag.M38 = M20 · (K3/K4)                   Imag.M39 = M21 · (K3/K4)                   Imag.M40 = M22 · (K3/K4)                   Imag.M41 = M23 · (K3/K4)                   RealM42 = M24 · (K3/K4)                   Real______________________________________

Each auxiliary signal node of the set 222'-227' may be added to its respective corresponding auxiliary signal node of the set 228'-233' to yield the signal nodes 252-257, respectively. Similarly, each signal node of the set 222-227 may be added to its respectively corresponding signal node of the set 228-233 to yield the signal nodes 258-263, respectively. The results of determining whether the computed constant from the set of constants M31 through M42 is real or imaginary is also shown in Table 4 hereabove.

Once having determined the identity (real or imaginary) of each of the multiplication constants M1-M42, the scrambling of the elements of the intermediate arrays 150R-179R and 150I-179I may be effected. The elements of the first and second composite arrays, which are operated on by the middle multiplication section of the 30-point transform of FIG. 5B to yield real and imaginary arrays, respectively, at signal nodes 180-209 including auxiliary signal nodes 192' through 203' (not shown) which are equivalent to signal nodes 222'-233', are displayed in Table 5 found herebelow. Note that the elements having an asterisk associated therewith are multiplied correspondingly by both sets of constants M13-M24 and M31-M42 to yield the signal nodes 192-203 (222-233) and 192'-203' (222'-233'), respectively.

              TABLE 5______________________________________1st Composite Array              2nd Composite Array______________________________________150R               150I151R               151I152R               152I153R               153I154I               154R155I               155R156R               156I157R               157I158R               158I159R               159I160I               160R161I               161R*162I              *162R*163I              *163R*164I              *164R*165I              *165R*166R              *166I*167R              *167I*168I              *168R*169I              *169R*170I              *170R*171I              *171R*172R              *172I*173R              *173I174R               174I175R               175I176R               176I177R               177I178I               178R179I               179R______________________________________

In the first 3 computational stages of the output section of the 30 point transform (5B), moving from left-to-right, are nested 6 output sections of the 5-point transform (4C) denoted by the blocks B32 through B37 shown in FIG. 6B. The nodes 180, 186, 192, 198, 204 including auxiliary nodes 192' and 198' resulting from the multiplication section are input to the output section of the 5 point transform of block B32. Similarly, the nodes 181, 187, 193, 199, 205 including auxiliary nodes 193' and 199' are coupled to the inputs of the block B33. The remaining nodes resulting from the computations of the multiplication section of the 30 point transform are grouped accordingly and coupled in a similar fashion to the remaining nested output sections of the 5-point transform depicted by blocks B34, B35, B36 and B37.

In the last 2 computational stages of the 30 point signal flow graph of FIG. 5B are nested 10 output sections of the 3 point transform (4B) denoted by blocks B38 through B47 in FIG. 6B. The nested alignment of the output sections of the 3 point transform with the 5 point transforms are such that the resultant nodes 270, 272, and 274 from blocks B32, B34 and B36 are coupled to the inputs of block B38, the resultant nodes 271, 273, and 275 from blocks B33, B35, B37 are coupled to the inputs of the block B39, and the remaining resultant nodes are similarly grouped by threes from the alternate blocks of 5-point transforms and coupled to the inputs of the remaining blocks of 3 point transform output sections B40-B47 such as that shown in FIGS. 5B and 6B. The resultant nodes 330-359 of the 3 point transforms B38-B47 correspond to the elements Ax of the frequency harmonic matrix according to the tabulations of Table 1.

The foregoing description of the 30 point transform signal flow graph depicted in FIGS. 5A, 6A, 5B and 6B have been provided as an introductive basis of a 30 point transform pipeline processor, an embodiment of which is shown in the schematic block diagram of FIGS. 8A, 8B and 8C. The embodiment involves a 2 rail (radix-2) pipeline architecture comprising the elemental components of registers Rx, adders Sx, delay lines Dx and multiplier units MUx, x being the index for distinguishing one similar component from another. The pipeline embodiment further includes random-access-memory (RAM) for temporary storage of computed arrays intermediate to the transformation, programmed-read-only memories (PROM) for storage of address sequences associated with the scrambling of arrays from the RAM prior to submission to the muliplication stages, and other PROM's for the storage of the multiplication constants associated with the operation of the intermediate multiplication section of the transform. Clocking circuits and digital counter equivalents may be used to provide for synchronous pipeline operation in a parallel processing fashion. The inter-connections and operations of these elemental components will become more fully understood from the detailed description of the 30 point pipeline embodiment found herebelow.

Referring to FIG. 8A, data point information is input to the pipeline processor at points A and B, preferably in ordered pairs of a predetermined permutation. Pipeline flowpoints A and B are the inputs of registers R1 and R2, respectively. The output of R1 is coupled to one input of each of two adders S1 and S2 and the output of R2 is coupled to another input of the adder S1. In addition, the complement 0 of the output of R2 is coupled to another input of the adder S2. The outputs of S1 and S2 are provided to the inputs of registers R3 and R4, respectively.

In a digital embodiment of the pipeline processor, a 2's complement digital subtractor, such as that which is performed in adder S2, for example, involves adding one digital word W1 to the 2's complement of another digital word W2 generally utilizing a digital adder. The process of taking the 2's complement of the digital word W2 comprises the steps of inverting the digital word W2 and adding a "one" to the least significant bit (LSB) thereof. This operation is denoted in the block diagram schematic of FIGS. 8A, 8B and 8C by providing the inverted output O of a digital register R to a digital adder S and also providing a "one", denoted as 1, to the least significant bit of the addition operation of S, the result of the adder S being the 2's complement subtractor of words W1 and W2. The symbol 1 being added to the adders involved with a 2's complement subtraction is used throughout the schematic of 8A, 8B and 8C. Also, where an adder S is shown with 1 being added as an input and is not being used as to perform a 2's complement subtraction operation, the operation which is being performed is a digital roundoff wherein a "one" is added to the most significant bit of the portion of the digital word which is being truncated prior to the roundoff operation. In these cases, the symbol 1 being an input to the adder S, like that shown for S1, for example, is representative of the "one" being added for roundoff purposes.

The schematic including registers R1, R2, R3 and R4, adders S1 and S2, and their interconnections constitute a "butterfly" operation excluding the multiplication step generally found in the computational element (CE's) of the known FFT pipelines (see FIGS. 2 and 3, for comparison).

Continuing with the description of FIG. 8A, the outputs of registers R3 and R4 are denoted as flow points C and D, respectively. Output C may be provided to a switch set SW1 comprising 2 single-pole-double-throw (SPDT) switches. Output D may be rounded off by the adder S3 (truncation implicit) and coupled through a one clock delay line D1, the output of which, denoted as flow point E, is also provided to the switch set SW1. More specifically, the flow point C is connected to position 2 of the first SPDT switch of SW1 and position 1 of the second SPDT switch of SW1. In addition, point E is connected to position 1 of the first SPDT switch of SW1 and position 2 of the second SPDT switch of SW1. Switch set SW1 may be operative to transfer switch state between position 1 and position 2 synchronous with the clocking operations of the holding and delay registers of the pipeline. The pole positioning of the first SPDT switch of SW1, denoted as point F, is coupled to the input of a holding register R5 and the pole position of the second SPDT switch of SW1 is propagated through a one clock pulse delay D2, the output of which is denoted as G, and input to another holding register R6.

For the purposes of expediting the description the remaining portion of the 30 point pipeline processor, the information flow rail associated with the points A, C and F will hereinafter be referred to as the "top" rail and likewise, the information flow rail associated with the points B, D, E, and G will hereinafter be referred to as the "bottom" rail. With this in mind, the top and bottom rails of the processor at F and G are coupled to a second butterfly arrangement including registers R5-R8 and adders S4 and S5 where R5, S4 and R7 correspond to information flow as the top rail and R6, S5 and R8 correspond to information flow of the bottom rail. In this second butterfly arrangement S5 performs the 2's complement subtraction operation. The outputs of registers R7 and R8 are denoted as H and I, respectively, output I being rounded off by the unit S6. Thereafter, the top rail is connected to switch set SW2, in a similar manner as that described for SW1, and the bottom rail is first connected to a 2 clock pulse delay line D3, the output being denoted as J, prior to being coupled to the switch set SW2 in a similar arrangement as that for SW1. The bottom rail output L from the switch SW2 is coupled through another 2 clock pulse delay line D4, the output being denoted as M. The above-described circuit arrangement of delay lines D3 and D4 and switch set SW2 will hereinafter being referred to as the "delay line/switch set" arrangement.

The top rail output K of the switch set SW2 and the bottom rail at M are connected to a third pseudo-butterfly arrangement comprising registers R9-R12 and only one adder S7. Register R9, adder S7 and register R11 being associated with information flow of the top rail wherein the outputs of R9 and R10 are added in S7. The outputs N and P of registers R11 and R12, respectively, are coupled to a delay line D5, switch set SW3, and delay line D6 circuit arrangement similar to that of D3, SW2, and D4 except that the delay lines D5 and D6 are 4 clock pulse delay lines. The top R and bottom S rail outputs of the delay line/switch set circuit arrangement (D5-SW3-D6) are coupled to a fourth butterfly circuit arrangement comprising registers R13-R16 and adders S8 and S9 wherein R13, S8, and R15 are associated with information flow on the top rail and R14, S9 and R16 are associated with information flow on the bottom rail, with the adder S9 performing the 2's complement subtraction. The outputs T and U (rounded off) from the registers R15 and R16, respectively, are coupled to another delay line/switch set circuit arrangement comprising the circuit elements D7, SW4 and D8 wherein delay lines D7 and D8 are 8 clock pulse delay lines. In addition, the top rail output of SW4 is connected to position 1 of a SPDT switch SW5 having its position 2 connected to ground potential. The pole connection of switch SW5 and the output of D8 are denoted as W and X which are points residing on the top and bottom rails, respectively, of the 30 point pipeline processor.

Referring to FIG. 8B, the top and bottom rails of the pipeline processor at W and X are coupled to a fifth butterfly circuit arrangement comprising registers R17-R20 and adders S10 and S11 wherein R17, S10 and R19 are associated with information flow of the top rail and R18, S11 and R20 are associated with information flow of the bottom rail, the adder S11 performing the 2's complement subtraction. The output Y of register R19 is coupled to the inputs of a register 21 and a 16 clock pulse delay line D9, the output of which is provided to another register R22. The output BB of register R22 is connected to position 2 of a SPDT switch SW6 having its position 1 connected to ground potential. An adder S12 has as its inputs the output AA of register R21 and the pole connection of SW6. The output CC of a register 23, which has as its input the output of adder S12, is coupled to the data inputs of two random access memory blocks RAM11 and RAM 12. Returning to register R20, the output Z thereof is rounded off by the adder unit S13 and coupled to the input of a register R24, the output of which is coupled to another register R25 in line therewith. The output DD of register R25 is connected to the data inputs of two random access memories RAM21 and RAM22.

The random access memories RAM11, RAM12, RAM21 and RAM22 may be used in the present embodiment to temporarily store the data points of the intermediate real and imaginary arrays computed from the input section of the 30 point transform. From the discussion on the scrambling of the elements of the real and imaginary intermediate data point array presented hereinabove in connection with Table 5, it is apparent that a number of the data points computed in the top rail of the pipeline processor at CC may have to be transferred to the bottom rail for pipeline computational reasons and likewise, a number of the data points computed in the bottom rail at DD may have to be transferred to the top rail. This is accomplished in the present embodiment (8B) by paralleling the data outputs of RAM11 and RAM22 at the input of a register 26 and similarly, paralleling the data outputs of RAM21 and RAM12 at the input of register 27. A programmed read only memory PROM1 provides the addressing commands for RAM11 and RAM22 in accordance with the scrambling pattern of data in and data out thereof. A counter unit CTR1 addresses the sequence to the PROM1 synchronously with the register and delay line operations of the pipeline. It is preferable that the clock rate of the counter be on the order of twice that of the registers and delay lines, for example, so that the RAM's 11 and 22 may be addressed to write in data from CC and read out data to the input of R26 within one clocking period of the pipeline processor. In a similar circuit arrangement, a PROM2 is coupled to the address inputs of RAM's 21 and 12, the PROMs having a counter unit CTR2 coupled thereto for the addressed sequencing thereof preferably at a double clocking rate as that of the pipeline processor. The shuffling operation performed by the PROM/RAM circuit arrangements will be more fully understood from the description of operation provided hereinbelow.

In the present 2-rail pipeline processor embodiment, only 2 multiplier units MU1 and M2U are provided to perform the operation of the middle or intermediate section of the 30 point transform. Multiplier MU1 which may be associated with signal flow processing of the top rail may have as one input, the output of register R26, and as another input, the data output of a programmed read only memory PROM3 may have programmed therein, the multiplication constant corresponding to the sequence of the scrambled intermediate data points read from the RAM's 11 and 22 through R26. Sequencing of PROM3 may be accomplished by the counter unit CTR3 which is advanced, preferably, synchronous to the clocking of the pipeline processor. Similarly, MU2 may be associated with the signal flow processing of the bottom rail and may be as its inputs, the output of register R27 and the data output of another programmed read only memory PROM4 which may have programmed therein the multiplication constants corresponding to the sequence of the scrambled intermediate data points read from RAM's 12 and 21 through R27. Counter unit CTR4 sequences PROM4, preferably, synchronously with PROM3. The outputs EE and FF from the multiplier units MU1 and MU2, respectively, correspond to the signal flow of the data array which is the input to the output section of the 30 point transform as shown in FIGS. 5B and 6B.

The remaining schematic diagram of FIGS. 8B and 8C of the pipeline processor is directed to the computational stages of the output section of the 30 point transform. Starting with the top rail at EE, the output of MU1 through R26 is coupled to one input of an adder unit S14 and to position 2 of a SPDT switch SW8. The other input to the adder unit S14 is provided from the pole of another SPDT switch SW7, the position 1 of which is at ground potential. An output of S14 is provided to a first of two cascadedly coupled 4 clock pulse delay lines D10 and D11, the output of the combination being denoted as GG. Continuing on at the bottom rail at FF, the output of MU2 through R27 is connected to position 2 of SW7, position 1 of SW8, the input of an inverter unit I1, the input to a 2 clock pulse delay line D12, and position 1 of a SPDT switch SW10. In addition, the delay line D12 is cascadedly coupled to a 4 clock pulse delay line D13 with the interconnection therebetween being coupled to a position 2 of a single pole four position throw switch SW9. The other positions 1, 3 and 4 of SW9 are respectively connected to the point GG of the top rail, the output of D13, and the interconnection between D10 and D11. In the top rail, an adder unit S15 has connected to its inputs, the point GG and the pole of SW8, and provides the signal line HH at its output. In the bottom rail, an adder unit S16 has as its inputs, the output of Il and the pole position of SW9, and provides a signal line which is coupled to position 2 of SW10, the pole position thereof being denoted as II.

Referring to FIG. 8C, the signal lines HH and II are provided to the input of registers R28 and R29, respectively, the output of R25 being rounded off by the adder unit S17. The output JJ of register R28 and the rounded off output of R29 are coupled to a delay line/switch set arrangement similar to the ones described in connection with the input section of the pipeline processor (FIG. 8A), including two 8 clock pulse delay lines D14 and D15 and switch set SW11. The top rail LL and bottom rail MM outputs of the aforementioned circuit arrangement are coupled to a sixth butterfly circuit arrangement comprising registers R30 and R32 and adder S18 associated with the signal flow of the top rail, and registers R31 and R33 and adder S19 associated with the signal flow of the bottom rail. In this sixth butterfly circuit arrangement, a SPDT switch SW12 is disposed between R31 and S18 and S19 with position 1 thereof coupled to the output of R31, position 2 thereof connected to ground potential and the pole position thereof coupled to the inputs of the adder units S18 and S19. Adder S19 is the 2's complement subtractor. Another adder unit S20 is disposed at the output PP of R33 for digital round off purposes. The top rail at NN and bottom rail at PP are then coupled to another delay line/switch set circuit arrangement comprising two 4 clock pulse delay lines D16 and D17 and switch set 13. The top and bottom rail outputs RR and SS, respectively, of the aformentioned circuit arrangement are coupled to a pseudo-butterfly circuit arrangement including registers R34 and R36 and adder S21 in line with the signal flow of the top rail and R35 and R37 in line with the signal flow of the bottom rail. There is no adder unit between R35 and R37 in the bottom rail, but another SPDT switch SW14 is disposed therebetween in the bottom rail with position 1 coupled to the data output of R35, position 2 connected to ground potential and the pole position coupled to the inputs of S21 and R37. The top rail TT and bottom rail UU outputs are submitted to still another delay line/switch set circuit arrangement including two 2 clock pulse delay lines D18 and D19 and switch set SW15, the top and bottom rail outputs of which being denoted as WW and XX, respectively. Immediately downstream of WW and XX in the pipeline is the final butterfly circuit arrangement comprising R38, S22 and R40 in line with the signal flow of the top rail and R39, S23 and R41 in line with the signal flow of the bottom rail, the output of R41 being rounded off by an adder unit S24. The top YY and bottom ZZ rail outputs of the final butterfly arrangement are coupled to two registers R42 and R43 to yield at their outputs pipeline rail points YYY and ZZZ, respectively.

While the preceding description of the embodiment of FIGS. 8A, 8B, and 8C has been directed to digital circuit elements, it is understood by those skilled in the pertinent art that certain appropriately applied analog or linear circuit elements may be used in place of their digital counterparts without deviating from the functional relationships therebetween. In addition, all of the holding registers and delay lines of the embodiment, may be updated and signals transferred synchronously with the clocking times of the pipeline processor. Likewise, the switch sets SW1-SW5 may be operated to transfer between switch states at times corresponding to the same clocking times of the pipeline. This will become more apparent from the description of operation found herebelow.

TABLE 6A  TIME A B C D E F G H I J K L M N P Q R S T U V W X Y Z AA BB CC DD SW6 SW5 SW4 SW3 SW2 SW1   0a26 a11                              1 a16 a1  2 a6  a21  2  3 1 3 X X  4  5  3  4  2      24 a8  a23  0  1  5  5  3      1 5 a28 a13 X X   1 X  0 32 34  32     1 2 6 a18 a3   8  9 X X  1 33 35  33     1 1 7 X X 10 11  9 10  8 30 30 34 30 34 32     2 2 8 a2  a17  6  7 11 11  9 31 31 35 31 35 33     2 1 9 a22 a7  X X  7 X  6 38 40 30 30 38 34 60 62 1 1 2 10 a12 a27 14 15 X X  7 39 41 31 31 39 35 61 63   1 1 1 11 X X 16 17 15 16 14 36 36 40 36 40 38 * 64    1 2 2 12 a14 a29 12 13 17 17 15 37 37 41 37 41 39 * 65    1 2 1 13 a4  a19 X X 13 X 12 44 46 36 36 44 40 66 68 62 66 60   2 1 2 14 a24 a9  20 21 X X 13 45 47 37 37 45 41 67 69 63 67 61   2 1 1 15 X X 22 23 21 22 20 42 42 46 42 46 44 * 70 64 * * 90  96   1 2 2 2 16 a20 a5  18 19 23 23 21 43 43 47 43 47 45 * 71 65 * * 91  97   1 2 2 1 17 a10 a25 X X 19 X 18 50 52 42 42 50 46 72 74 68 68 62 **   1 1 1 2 18 a0  a15 26 27 X X 19 51 53 43 43 51 47 73 75 69 69 63 * *  1 1 1 1 19 X X 28 29 27 28 26 48 48 52 48 52 50 * 76 70 70 64 92  98   1 1 2 2 20 X X 24 25 29 29 27 49 49 53 49 53 51 * 77 71 71 65 93  99   1 1 2 1 21 X X X X 25 X 24 56 58 48 48 56 52 78 80 74 78 72 94 100  1 2 1 2 22 X X X X X X 25 57 59 49 49 57 53 79 81 75 79 73 95 101  1 2 1 1 23 X X X X X X X 54 54 58 54 58 56 * 82 76 * * 102  108 96 102 90  1 2 2 2 2 24  X X X X X 55 55 59 55 59 57 * 83 77 * * 103  10997 103 91  1 2 2 2 1 25  X X X X X X X 54 54 X 58 84 86 80 80 74 * * * * * 120 132  1 2 1 1 2

TABLE 6B  TIME A B C D E F G H I J K L M N P Q R S T U V W X Y Z' AA BB CC DD SW6 S W5 SW4 SW3 SW2 SW1   26     X X X X X 55 55 X 59 85 87 81 81 75 * * * * * 121 133 120    1 1 2 1 1 1 27        X X X X X X * 88 82 82 76 104 110 98 104 92 * * 121 150 162 1 1 2 1 2 28        X X X X X X * 89 83 83 77 105 111 99 105 93 * * *  151 163 1 1 2 1 2 29          X X * X X X 86 X 84 106 112 100 106 94 122 134 *  * * 1 1 2 2 1 30          X X  X X X 87 X 85 107 113 101 107 95 123 135 122  * * 1 1 2 2 1 31             * X X 88 X * 114 114 108 108 96 124 136 123  152 164 1 1 1 2 32              X X 89 X * 115 115 109 109 97 125 137 124  153 165 1 1 1 2 33                X X 86 * * * * * 138 126 125  154 166 1 1 1 1 34                X X 87 * * * * * 139 127 138  155 167 1 1 1 1 35                X X 88 116 116 110 110 98 * * 139  168 156 1 1 1 1 36                X X 89 117 117 111 111 99 * * *  169 157 1 1 1 1 37                   118 118 112 112 100 140 128 *  * * 1 1 1 38                   119 119 113 113 101 141 129 140  * * 1 1 1 39                     114 X 114 142 130 141  170 158 1 2 2 40      115 X 115 143 131 142  171 159 1 2 2 41                     * X * 144 144 143  172 160 1 2 2 42                     * X * 145 145 144 120 173 161 2 2 2 43                     116 X 116 * * 145 121 174 144 2 2 2 44                     117 X 117 * * * * 175 145 2 2 2 45     118 X 118 146 146 * * * * 2 2 2 46                     119 X 119 147 147 146 122 * * 2 2 2 47                        148 148 147 123 176 146 2 48                        149 149 148 124 177 147 2 49             149 125 178 148 2 50                            179 149 1

The signal flow time table shown in Tables 6A and 6B hereabove will be used in conjunction with the embodiment shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B to describe the operation of the input section of the 30-point transform pipe line processor, the signal flow graph of which is shown in FIGS. 5A and 6A. The following description will be for either a real or an imaginary input data point array, since they are operated on independently and similarly by the pipe line processor. The input data points are sequentially presented to the embodiment in predetermined ordered pairs. Referring to Table 6A at time T0, the first order pair includes a26 and a11 presented at nodes A and B, respectively. At the next clock pulse at time T1, a26 and a11 are strobed into the registers R1 and R2 and are operated on by the first butterfly section wherein a11 is subtracted from a26 in S2, the result being presented to R4, and a11 is added to a26 in S1, the result being presented to R3. Concurrently at T1, input data points a16 and a1 are presented at nodes A and B, respectively.

At the next pipeline clocking pulse T2, the results denoted as 2 and 3 of the first butterfly section are strobed into registers R3 and R4 appearing at nodes C and D, respectively. Simultaneously, data points a16 and a1 are strobed into registers R1 and R2 and in accordance with the preordered input pattern data points a6 and a21 are presented to registers R1 and R2. During the clocking pulse period T2, the switch SW1 is in position 1 permitting the data point 2 which is at node C in the processor to be presented to the delay line D2. Note also that data point 3 which is at node D in the processor is rounded off and presented to the delay line D1. At the next clock pulse T3, the data point 2 appears at node G in the processor, data point 3 appears at node E in the processor and since switch SW1 is operated to position 2 at time T3, the data point 3 is also presented to the delay line D2, and the results denoted as data points 4 and 5 from the output of the first butterfly section operating on data points a16 and a1 appear at processor nodes C and D, respectively. Also note that since switch SW1 is in position 2, the data point 4 is also presented to register R5 at node F. Concurrently with time T3, two zeros are presented to the input nodes A and B, denoted by X's in the Tables 6A and 6B.

At the next clock pulse T4, the switch SW1 is in position 1, data point 5 which was previously located at D in the processor is passed through the delay line D1 and appears at both E and F in the processor. Similarly, data point 3 which was at node E in the processor is passed through delay line D2 and appears at node G in the processor. The results 0 and 1 from the first butterfly section operating on data points a6 and a21 appear at nodes C and D, respectively. Concurrently, data points a8 and a23 are presented to the input nodes A and B. With the next clock pulse T5, switch SW1 is operated to position 2 and switch SW2 is operated to position 1. At T5, the results enumerated 32 and 34 of the second butterfly section, which operates on data points 2 and 4, appear at H and I in the processor. Likewise, data point 0 which has passed through delay line D2 appears at flow point G in the processor. Accordingly data point 1 which was at flow point D has passed through the delay line D1 and now appears at node E in the processor. The results of the first butterfly section, which are two zeros, appear at nodes C and D. Note that because of the positions of the switches SW1 and SW2, the zero information at flow point C is also at flow point F and the data point 32 which is at flow point H also appears at flow point L in the processor. Also at clock pulse T5, another ordered pair a28 and a13 of the input data point array is presented to the input nodes A and B, respectively.

Subsequently, clock pulse T6 provides the resultant data points 33 and 35 of the operation of the second butterfly section on data points 5 and 3 to flow points H and I of the processor. Since switch SW2 remains in position 1, data point 33 is also at flow point L in the processor. Due to the prior position of switch SW1, the data point 1 which was at flow point E has passed through the delay line D2 and now appears at flow point G. Likewise, the zero reading previously at node D passes through delay line D1 and now appears at point E and because of the present position of switch SW1, the zero information additionally appears at flow point F in the processor. Also at T6, the results data point 8 and 9 of the operation of the first butterfly section on input data points a8 and a23 appear at flow points C and D, respectively and as before, input data points a18 and a3 are the next ordered pair presented at A and B. With clock pulse T7, the data point 32 which has passed through delay line D4 now appears at flow point M and data point 34 which has passed through delay line D3 now appears at flow point J and since switch SW2 has been operated to position 2, data point 34 also appears at flow point L in the processor. The results of the second butterfly section which is data point 30 appears at the flow points H and I. Also the results of the first butterfly section which are data points 10 and 11 appear at C and D. Due to the positions of switches SW1 and SW2, the data point 10 also appears at flow point F and data point 30 also appears at flow point K. In a similar manner as before, the data point 9 passes through delay line D1 and now appears at flow point E and data point 8 passes through delay line D2 and now appears at flow point G in the processor. Also at time T7, zero information is again presented to input nodes A and B.

It is evident from the preceding description that the intermediate data point information is being processed either in the butterfly sections or in the delay lines between the clock pulses and likewise at the time of the clock pulses, the information is strobed into the intercoupling stage registers noted as Rx to be operated on again during the succeeding clock pulse.

Continuing with the operation then, at clock pulse T8 the data point 33 which was at flow point L and has been passed through delay line D4 now appears at flow point M, and likewise data point 35 which was at flow point I has been passed through delay line D3 and now appears at flow point J. Due to the positioning of switch SW2, the data point 35 also appears at flow point L. The results data point 31 of the second butterfly section now appear at points H and I, and similarly, due to the positioning of switch SW2, the data point 31 at H also appears at the flow point K. As before, the data point 9 at flow point E is passed through delay line D2 and now appears at flow point G. Also, the data point 11 which was at D has been passed through line D1 and now appears at E and because of the positioning of switch SW1, also appears at flow point F. Furthermore, at clock pulse T8 the results, data points 6 and 7, from the operation of the first butterfly section on the input data points a18 and a3 appear at flow points C and D and the next ordered pair of input data points a2 and a17 are presented to the input nodes A and B.

At the next clock pulse T9, the results, data points 60 and 62, of the operation of the third pseudo-butterfly section operating on data points 30 and 32 appear at flow points N and P, respectively. Data point 34 is passed through delay line D4 and now appears at flow point M; and likewise, data point 30 flows through delay line D3 and now appears at point J and due to the positioning of switch SW2, also appears at flow point K. In addition, the results, data points 38 and 40, of the second butterfly section operating on data points 10 and 8 appear at flow points H and I of the processor. Data point 38 at flow point H also appears at flow point L because of the positioning of switch SW2. Data point 7 is transferred to flow point E through delay line D1 and data point 6 is transferred to flow point G through delay line D2 taking advantage of the appropriate positioning of switch SW1. Zero information appears at the flow points C, D, and F. The input data points which are presented to A and B at time T9 are a22 and a7.

The next clock pulse T10 provides the results, 61 and 63, from the operation of the third pseudo-butterfly section to points N and P, respectively. Concurrently, data point 35 is provided at flow point M through delay line D4 and likewise data point 31 appears at J and K from the delay line D3 and due to the positioning of switch SW2. The results, data points 39 and 41, from the operation of the second butterfly section on data points 11 and 9 appear at flow points H and I, respectively. Data point 39 also appears at L through switch SW2. Zero information appears at E and F provided by the delay line D1 and according to the positioning of switch SW1. Data point 7 appears at flow point G through delay line D2. The results, 14 and 15, of the operation of the first butterfly section on input data points a2 and a17 are present at flow points C and D and the next ordered pair of input data points are a12 and a27. At the next clock pulse T11, the results of the third pseudo-butterfly section appear at flow points N and P, the asterisk being representative of a computed value which is not significant to the 30-point transform processing. The data point 38 which has passed through delay line D4 now appears at flow point M and likewise the data point 40 which has passed through delay line D3 now appears at flow point J and L. According to the positioning of switch SW2, the result 36 of the second butterfly section appears at both flow points H and I and also at flow point K due to the position of switch SW2. Data points 15 and 14 appear at flow points E and G through their respective delay lines and the results, 16 and 17, of the first butterfly section operating on the data inputs a22 and a7 appear at C and D. Note that flow point C and flow point F are tied together because of the positioning of switch SW1 at T11. During the clock pulse T11 zero information is presented to the input points A and B.

Continuing at clock pulse, T12, the results, * and 65, of the third pseudo-butterfly section appears at the flow points N and P, the asterisk again denoting an insignificant computed value. The data point 39 having passed through delay line D4 now appears at point M and similarly the data point 41 having passed through delay line D3 now appears at points J and L in accordance with the position of switch SW2. The result 37 of the second butterfly section operating on data point 7 appears at H and I and also is provided to flow point K through switch SW2. Data points 17 and 15 are provided to flow points E and G through their respective delay lines, data point 17 also appearing at flow point F through the positioning of switch SW1. The results, data points 12 and 13, from the first butterfly section operating on input data points a12 and a27 appear at C and D. And at the same time, input data points a14 and a29 are presented to input flow points A and B, respectively.

In the preceding operational description above, predetermined order pairs of input data points were presented to flow points A and B during consecutive pipeline processor clock pulses. This will continue to occur until the clock pulse T18. Thereafter, from T19 until T23 zero information will be presented to the input flow points A and B. Similarly, the preceding operational description illustrated how the butterfly sections process their input information between clock pulses and how this process information was transferred to their respective flow points on the top and bottom rails at the time of the next clock pulse. Also described was how the processed information was delayed through the delay lines and transferred between the top and bottom rails according to the position of the switch sets. For example, the results of the processing of the first butterfly stage was provided to the flow points C and D and the transferring of this information between the top and bottom rails occurred at switch set SW1 and delay lines D1 and D2 provided for the required delays on the bottom rails. Similarly, the results of the second butterfly section were provided to flow points H and I, the switch set SW2 afforded the transfer between the rails, and the delay lines D3 and D4 provided the required information delays. Likewise, the outputs of the pseudo-butterfly section occur at flow points N and P, the transfer of information between rails is effected by switch set SW3, and the appropriate delays are implemented with the delay lines D5 and D6 accordingly.

Insomuch as the parallel processing of the butterfly sections will continue consistently with that which has already been described causing the signal flow information to propagate through the pipeline processor as shown by the signal flow Tables 6A and 6B, it will not be necessary to describe the operation thereof in as great a detail as that which has been presented hereabove. It may, however, be worthwhile to describe the operation of the embodiment downstream of the fifth butterfly section starting with say loading registers R19 and R20. The architecture of that portion of the top rail from flow point Y to flow point CC appears a bit unusual and not consistent with the foregoing description of operation.

Referring now to FIG. 8B and the signal flow Tables 6A and 6B, the first intermediate data points appearing at flow points Y and Z are 120 and 132 which occur at clock pulse T25. On the bottom rail, it is apparent that the data points at Z will subsequently flow to DD in two clock pulse periods through registers R24 and R25. This is clearly illustrated in the signal flow table wherein data point 132 is at Z at the clock pulse T25 and its equivalent data point 162 appears at DD at clock pulse T27; and once again, data point 133 appears at Z at time T26 and two clock pulses later data point 163 which is equivalent thereto, appears at flow point DD at time T28. This procedural operation continues during the subsequent consecutive clock pulses for the signals 134, 135, 136, 137, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148 and 149 which appear at flow point Z during the clock pulses until time T48. Accordingly, after incurring a 2-clock pulse delay through registers R24 and R25 their equivalents 164, 165, 166, 167, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, and 149 respectively appear at the flow point DD up until time T50.

Referring next to the top rail portion of the embodiment starting at flow point Y, the data points which appear at Y then appear at flow point AA delayed by 1 clock pulse through register R21. The switch SW6 is maintained in position one from clock pulse T25 until clock pulse T42 at which time it is transferred to position two. It is clear that between the clock pulses T25 and T42, the intermediate data point information appearing at Y will pass through the register R21 and R23 to appear at flow point CC delayed by two clock pulses. The adder unit S12 is rendered to just pass signal information therethrough during this time period T25 to T42 because the other summing input is effectively at zero potential effected by SW6. The signal flow table 6B clearly illustrates this phenomena. For example, the data point 120 occurring at Y at time T25 has its equivalent data point 150 occurring at CC two clock pulses later at time T27. Likewise, data point 121 occurring at flow point Y at time T26 subsequently occurs at flow point CC at T28. This process continues until clock pulse T40 where at data point 143 appears at flow point Y, and subsequently its equivalent flow point 173 appears at flow point CC at clock pulse T42. Thereafter, as shown in the signal flow graph of FIG. 5A there is no direct equivalent data point for the intermediate points 144 through 149. A summation is required to compute the output points 174 through 179 of the input section of the 30-point transform. To accomplish this, switch SW6 is transferred to position 2 at clock pulse T42 just at the time that the data point 144 is appearing at flow point AA. Occurring in the background, the data points appearing at the flow point Y starting at time T25 were being delayed through the 16 clock pulse delay line at D9 and the holding register R22. Thus, 17 clock pulses later at T42 the data point 120 appears at the flow point BB to be added in the adder unit S12 to the data point 144 which appears at AA concurrently therewith. The result 174 is transferred to the flow point CC at the next clock pulse T43. These summations continue to be performed by the adder unit S12 for the output data points 175 through 179 over the subsequent 7 clock pulse periods. The final output data points being presented to the flow points CC and DD occur at clock pulse T50. The asterisks being presented in the signal flow table of 6A and 6B are indicative of insignificant information which is being computed by the pipeline processor of the 30-point transform.

The output data points 150 through 179 computed through the input section of the 30-point transform resulting from one of the two input data point arrays, real or imaginary, appear at the flow points CC and DD from clock pulse times T27 through T50. It is understood that the second of the data input arrays will be presented at flow points A and B in similar predetermined ordered pairs during the clock pulses starting at T24 and ending at T47, for example. The processing of this data input array information will occur in a similar manner as that described above in connection with the first input data point array. The output data points 150 through 179 resulting from the second of the data input arrays computed through the input section of the 30-point transform will start appearing at the flow points CC and DD at about the clock pulse T51 and continue appearing in a similar order as that of the first output array as shown in the signal flow table of 6B ending at approximately the clock pulse T74.

The random access memories RAM's 11, 22, 21, 12 may have for the present embodiment approximately 120 addressable memory locations starting from 0, for example, and consecutively enumerated to 119 as may be the case. Data point information is sequentially entered into the locations of RAM's 11 and 12 from flow point CC and into RAM's 21 and 22 from flow point DD corresponding to the clock pulses of the pipeline processor. It is understood that at least one complete set of real and imaginary data point arrays 150R-179R and 150I-179I be entered into the RAM's before any data points may be read out from the RAM's to the registers R26 and R27 at the top and bottom rails of the pipeline processor, respectively. A counter/programmable-read-only-memory combination is used in the present embodiment to write information into the RAM's and to read information therefrom permitting information transfer between rails at this point. For RAM's 11 and 22 the counter CTR 1 and PROM 1 are used for addressing purposes and similarly, the counter CTR 2 and PROM 2 are used for addressing the RAM's 21 and 12.

In a typical operation, the real output data array from the input section of the 30-point transform, that is 150R-179R may be written into a first block of 24 locations, for example locations addresses as 0-23, of the RAM's during the clock pulses T28 through T51 and likewise, the second output data array 150I-179I may be written into another block of 24 RAM locations at say locations addressed as 32-55, for example, during the processor clock pulses T52 through T75. The writing of data into the RAM's may be accomplished by the programmed pattern of the PROM's 1 and 2 and associated counters which may be operative with a 2-phase clock corresponding to each clock pulse of the pipeline processor. More particularly, during the first phase of the clock pulse period, data may be written into the RAM's in the registers designated by the programmed address of the PROM's and during the second phase of the same clock pulse period for example, data may be accessed from the registers designated by the programmed address of the PROM's. So during the writing in of a second set of real data point information 150R'-179R' into RAM locations, say 64-87, for example, the first composite array of data points as shown in Table 5 may be accessed from the RAM locations 0-55 in a predetermined order in accordance with their appropriate presentation to the multiplication units MU1 and MU2 through the registers R26 and R27, respectively. This may be performed during the clock pulse times T76 through T99, for example. Subsequently, as the second set of imaginary data points 150I'-179I' are written into the RAM's, preferably in locations enumerated 96-119, utilizing the first phase of the clock pulse periods 100-123, for example, the elements of the second composite array as shown in Table 5 may be read from the RAM locations 0-55 in a predetermined order in accordance with how the data is to be presented to the multiplier units MU1 and MU2. After the second set of data points 150R'-179R' and 150I'-179I' are entered into the RAM locations 64 through 119, then a third set of data points may be entered into the RAM locations 0 through 55 and the first and second composite array data information from the second set of output data points 150R'-179R' and 150I'-179I' may be read from the RAM locations 64 through 119 in the same fashion as that described for the first set hereabove. This process of writing into the RAM's each new real and imaginary input data point array set and during the same clock pulse, shuffling out the elements of the first and second composite arrays as shown in Table 5 will be better understood from the more detailed description provided in the subsequent paragraphs.

A representative pattern for shuffling out the first composite array from the RAM's 11, 12, 21, and 22 during the clock pulses T76 through T99, for example concurrent with the next set of real output data points 150R'-179R' being written into the memory locations 64-87 in accordance with the order in which they appear at flow points CC and DD (refer to Table 6B for more details) is shown in Table 7A herebelow. For example, at the clock pulse T76, during the first phase thereof, data point 150R' is written into memory location 64 of the RAM's 11 and 12 from the flow point CC and concurrently, data point 162R' is written into memory location 64 of RAM's 21 and 22 from the pipeline flow point DD. Then, during the second phase of the clock pulse T76, a previously stored data point 150R is read from RAM 11 at memory location 0 and presented to the input of the register R26. At the same time, data point 174R is read from the memory location 16 of the RAM 12 and presented to the input of the register R27. In the first phase of the succeeding clock pulse T77, the data points 151R' and 163R' are simultaneously written into location 65 of the combination of RAM's 11 and 12 and the combination of RAM's 21 and 22, respectively.

                                  TABLE 7A__________________________________________________________________________DATA IN          RAM 11 RAM 12 RAM 21 RAM 22  RAM'S       RAM'S   DATA   DATA   DATA   DATATIME    LOC  11&12       21&22            LOC               OUT LOC                      OUT LOC                             OUT LOC                                    OUT__________________________________________________________________________76  64 150R'       162R'            0  150R                   16 174R77  65 151R'       163R'            1  151R                   17 175R78  66 *    *    2  *   18 *79  67 *    *    3  *   19 *80  68 152R'       164R'            4  152R                   20 176R81  69 153R'       165R'            5  153R                   21 177R82  70 154R'       166R'            30 154I                   46 178I83  71 155R'       167R'            31 155I                   47 179I84  72 168R'       156R'              8  156R                                 24 162I85  73 169R'       157R'              9  157R                                 25 163I86  74 *    *                  24 162I                                 26 *87  75 *    *                  25 163I                                 27 *88  76 170R'       158R'              12 158R                                 28 164I89  77 171R'       159R'              13 159R                                 29 165I90  78 172R'       160R'              38 160I                                 6  166R91  79 173R'       161R'              39 161I                                 7  167R92  80 174R'       *    32 1681                   32 168193  81 175R'       *    33 169I                   33 169I94  82 *    *                  28 164I                                 6  166R95  83 *    *                  29 165I                                 7  167R96  84 176R'       *    36 170I                   36 170I97  85 177R'       *    37 171I                   37 171I98  86 178R'       *    14 172R                   14 172R99  87 179R'       *    15 173R                   15 173R__________________________________________________________________________

During the time of the second phase of clock pulse T77, the data point 151R is accessed from location one of RAM 11 and presented to the register R26 and the data point 150R is transferred to the output of the register R26. At the same time, the data point 175R is read from the location 17 of the RAM 12 and presented to register R27. The previously accessed data point 174R is transferred to the output of the register R27. Data points 150R and 174R are now ready for multiplication by the units MU1 and MU2, respectively. This procedure for reading in the sets of data from the flow points CC and DD into the RAM's and shuffling out the first composite array as shown in Table 5 will continue as shown in Table 7A until the clock pulse T99.

Similarly, an example illustrating the order in which the second composite array is shuffled from the RAM's 11, 12, 11, and 22 during the clock pulse time from T100 to T123 when the data point set 150I'-179I' is being loaded into the memory locations 96-119 of their respective RAM's from the flow points CC and DD is shown in Table 7B. For example, during the first phase of the clock pulse at T100, the data points 150I' and 162I' are written into location 96 of the combination of RAM's 11 and 12 and the combination of RAM's 21 and 22, respectively. In the second phase of the clock pulse at T100 the previously loaded data point 150I is accessed from location 24 of the RAM 11 and presented to register R26 and simultaneously data point 174I is read from location 40 of the RAM 12 and presented to the input of the register R27.

                                  TABLE 7B__________________________________________________________________________DATA IN           RAM 11 RAM 12 RAM 21 RAM 22   RAM'S        RAM'S   DATA   DATA   DATA   DATATIME    LOC 11&12        21&22             LOC                OUT LOC                       OUT LOC                              OUT LOC                                     OUT__________________________________________________________________________100 96  150I'        162I'             24 150I                    40 174I101 97  151I'        163I'             25 151I                    41 175I102 98  *    *    26 *   42 *103 99  *    *    27 *   43 *104 100 152I'        164I'             28 152I                    44 176I105 101 153I'        165I'             29 153I                    45 177I106 102 154I'        166I'             6  154R                    22 178R107 103 155I'        167I'             7  155R                    23 179R 108104    168I'         156I'              32                               156I                                   0                                      ##STR1## 109105    169I'         157I'              33                               157I'                                   1                                      ##STR2##110 106 *    *                  0  162R                                  2  *111 107 *    *                  1  163R                                  3  * 112108    170I'         158I'              36                               158I'                                   4                                      ##STR3## 113109    171I'         159I'              37                               159I                                   5                                      ##STR4## 114110    172I'         160I'              14                               160R                                   30                                      ##STR5## 115111    173I'         161I'              15                               161R                                   31                                      ##STR6## 116112    174I'         *    8                 ##STR7##                     8  168R 117113    175I'         *    9                 ##STR8##                     9  169R118 114 *    *                  4  164R                                  30 166I119 115 *    *                  5  165R                                  31 167I 120116    176I'         *    12                 ##STR9##                     12                        170R 121117    177I'         *    13                 ##STR10##                     13                        171R 122118    178I'         *    38                 ##STR11##                     38                        172I 123119    179I'         *    39                 ##STR12##                     39                        173I__________________________________________________________________________ NOTE: The DATA OUT which is denoted with a bar indicates the data points which are multiplied by the additional multiplication factor, either -K4/K3 or +K3/K4.

In the first phase of the successive clock pulse at T101, the data point 151I' and 163I' is stored in memory location 97 of their appropriate RAM's as shown in Table 7B. Likewise, in the second phase of the clock pulse at T101, the previously entered data point 151I is read from memory location 25 of the RAM 11 and presented to the input of the register R26. The data point 150I is transferred to the output of the register R26 in preparation for multiplication by the unit MU1. Concurrently, the previously entered data point 175I is read from memory location 41 of the RAM 12 and presented to the input of the register R27. The data point 174I is transferred to the output of the register R27 to begin its multiplication process at MU2. This procedure for storing computed data from flow points CC and DD and shuffling out previously stored data from the RAM's will continue as shown in Table 7B until time T123. The process may be repetitive with all of the succeeding computed data point sets from the input section of the pipeline processor as described in connection with FIGS. 8A and 8B. The data points denoted by asterisks in Tables 7A and 7B are insignificant to the processing operations of the present embodiment.

The operations of the multiplication units MU1 and MU2 will be described in conjunction with FIG. 9 and Tables 8A and 8B. In FIG. 9, is shown a functional schematic of a conventional digital multiplier suitable for use in the embodiment of the pipeline processor as shown in FIG. 8B. The example shown in FIG. 9 comprises six digital multiplication stages for multiplying two 12-bit digital words utilizing a 2 bit by 4 bits 2's complement multiplication in each stage. The operational details of which are well known to anyone skilled in the pertinent art. Multiplication stages of the units MU1 and MU2 may include holding registers for synchronously governing the operations corresponding to the clock pulse periods of the pipeline processor. If this is the case, a clock signal such as that shown in FIG. 9, synchronous with the clock pulses of the pipeline processor, may be coupled to each of the multiplication stages. As has been described, supra, a programmable read only memory such as that shown at PROM 3 (4) may be used to sequence the multiplication constants M1 through M42 to the input of the multiplier unit MU1 (MU2) in accordance with the order in which the data points are being shuffled out of the RAM's.

                                  TABLE 8A__________________________________________________________________________PROM 3 OUTPUTSTIME    M00  M01     M02        M03           M04              M05                 M06                    M07                       M08                          M09                             M10                                M11__________________________________________________________________________77  M100  M101     X  X  X  X  X  X  X  X  X  X78  M200  M201     M102        M103           X  X  X  X  X  X  X  X79  *  *  M202        M203           M104              M105                 X  X  X  X  X  X80  *  *  *  *  M204              M205                 M106                    M107                       X  X  X  X81  M300  M301     *  *  *  *  M206                    M207                       M108                          M109                             X  X82  M400  M401     M302        M303           *  *  *  *  M208                          M209                             M110                                M11183  M500  M501     M402        M403           M304              M305                 *  *  *  *  M210                                M21184  M600  M601     M502        M503           M404              M405                 M306                    M307                       *  *  *  *..__________________________________________________________________________

                                  TABLE 8B__________________________________________________________________________PROM 4 OUTPUTSTIME    M00 M01 M02 M03 M04 M05 M06 M07 M08 M09 M10 M11__________________________________________________________________________77  M2500   M2501       X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X78  M2600   M2601       M2502           M2503               X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X79  *   *   M2602           M2603               M2504                   M2505                       X   X   X   X   X   X80  *   *   *   *   M2604                   M2605                       M2506                           M2507                               X   X   X   X81  M2700   M2701       *   *   *   *   M2606                           M2607                               M2508                                   M2509                                       X   X82  M2800   M2800       M2702           M2703               *   *   *   *   M2608                                   M2609                                       M2510                                           M251183  M2900   M2901       M2802           M2803               M2704                   M2705                       *   *   *   *   M2610                                           M261184  M3000   M3001       M2902           M2903               M2804                   M2805                       M2706                           M2707                               *   *   *   *..__________________________________________________________________________

If we assume the shuffling order as shown in Tables 7A and 7B, the digital output words of PROM 3 and PROM 4 may appear starting from the clock pulse at T77 as that shown in Tables 8A and 8B, respectively. Since the first data point shuffled from the RAM 11 through register R26 to unit MU1 may be 150R, the first digital word presented to the multiplication unit MU1 will include bits 00 and 01 of the digital word representative of the multiplication constant M1 denoted as M1₀₀ and M1₀₁. Likewise, the first data point shuffled from the RAM 12 and through register R27 to the multiplication unit MU2 may be 174R at the clock pulse at T77; therefore, the digital output word of the PROM 4 for the clock pulse at T77 includes the 00 and 01 bit of the digital word representative of the multiplication constant M25 denoted as M2S₀₀ and M25₀₁. The next two data points shuffled through the registers R26 and R27 are 151R and 175R, respectively. Thus, the next digital word output from the PROM 3 may include the 00 and 01 bit of the digital word representative of the multiplication constant M2 denoted as M2₀₀ and M2₀₁ which are input to the first multiplication section of MU1 and further include the 02 and 03 bit of the digital word representative of the multiplication constant M1 denoted as M1₀₂ and M1₀₃ which are input to the second multiplication stage of MU1. Likewise, at the clock pulse at T78, the output digital word from PROM 4 may include the 00 and 01 bit of the digital word representative of the multiplication constant M26 denoted as M26₀₀ and M26₀₁ and further include the 02 and 03 bits of the digital word representative of the multiplication constant M25 denoted as M25₀₂ and M25₀₃. These pairs of bits are input to the first and second multiplication stages of the multiplier unit MU2.

The X and asterisk appearing in the Tables 8A and 8B represent information which is insignificant to the pipeline processing for all practical purposes or insignificant to the description at this point. The procedure for outputting digital words from the PROM's 3 and 4 may continue in the sequence as shown in Tables 8A and 8B, respectively. Note, at the clock pulse at T82, for example, the multiplication of the first data point 150R times its multiplication constant M1 is complete with its result 180R appearing at processor flow point EE. Concurrently, the multiplication of data point 174R with its corresponding multiplication constant M25 is also complete at T82 with the result thereof 204R appearing at the processor flow point FF. At the next clock pulse T83 the multiplications of 151R with M2 and 175R with M26 are complete with their results appearing at the flow points EE and FF, respectively. The remaining data points may be sequentially operated on by the multiplier units MU1 and MU2 in accordance with the order in which they are shuffled from the RAM's (see Tables 7A and 7B, for example) in a parallel processing fashion with their results sequentially appearing at the processor flow points EE and FF correspondingly.

The operation of the remaining portion of the pipeline processor will be described in conjunction with FIGS. 8B, 8C, 5B and 6B, and including Tables 9A and 9B shown herebelow.

                                  TABLE 9A__________________________________________________________________________TIME EE FF  GG HH II JJ KK LL MM NN PP QQ RR SS TT UU VV WW XX__________________________________________________________________________82   180   204       26483   181   205       26584    * *         *85    * *         *86   182   206       26687   183   207       26788   184   208       26889   185   209       26990   192'   186 210          240             24691   193'   187 211          241             247                240                   264                      26492    * 192  * *  *  241                   265                      26593    * 193  * *  *  *  *  *  *  29494   194'   188 212          242             248                *  *  *  *  29595   195'   189 213          243             249                242                   266                      266                         *  *96   196'   190 214          244             250                243                   267                      267                         *  *97   197'   191 215          245             251                244                   268                      268                         *  296      296                                        29498   198'   198 192'          252             258                245                   269                      269                         *  297      297                                        29599   199'   199 193'          253             259                252                   246                      252                         240                            298      298                                        *  326                                              324100  196   194  * *  *  253                   247                      253                         241                            299                               *  *  299                                        *  327                                              325101  197   195  * *  *  *  *  *  *  270                               282                                  *  *  *  328                                              X  324                                                    328 326102  200'   200 194'          254             260                *  *  *  *  271                               283                                  *  *  *  329                                              X  325                                                    329 327103  201'   201 195'          255             261                254                   248                      254                         242                            *  *  *  *  *  *  *  X  X   324104  202'   202 196'          256             262                255                   249                      255                         243                            *  *  *  *  *  *  *  X  X   325105  203'   203 197'          257             263                256                   250                      256                         244                            272                               284                                  282                                     272                                        270                                           *  *  *  *   *106                  257                   251                      257                         245                            273                               285                                  283                                     273                                        271                                           *  *  *  *   *__________________________________________________________________________         TIME              ##STR13##                 ##STR14##                    YY                       ZZ                          SW15                              SW14                                  SW13                                      SW12                                          SW11                                              SW10                                                  SW9                                                     SW8                                                        SW7__________________________________________________________________________        82                                   1         2        83                                   1         2        84                                   1         2        85                                   1         2        86                                   1         2        87                                   1         2        88                                   1         2        89                                   1         2        90                                   2   1  1  1        91                               1   2   1  1  1        92                           2   1   2   1  1  1        93                       1   2   1   2   1  1  1        94                       1   2   1   2   1  1  1        95                       1   2   1   2   1  1  1        96                       1   2   1   2   1  1  1        97                       2   2   1   2   1  1  1        98                   1   2   2   1   2   3  2  1        99               1   1   2   2   2   2   3  2  1        100              1   2   2   1   2   2   3  2  1        101  356                358      2   2   1   1   2   2   3  2  1        102  357                359      2   1   1   1   2   2   2  2  1        103  354                354                   A20                      A10                         1   1   1   1   2   2   2  2  1        104  355                355                   A5 A25                         1   2   1   1   2   2   4  2  1        105  *  *  A0 A0 2   2   2   1   2   2   4  2  1        106  *  *  A15                      A15                         2   1   2   1   2   1   1  2  2__________________________________________________________________________

                                  TABLE 9B__________________________________________________________________________ TIMEEE   FF      GG         HH            II              JJ                 KK                    LL                       MM                          NN                             PP                                QQ                                   RR                                      SS                                         TT                                            UU                                               VV                                                  WW     XX                                                  ##STR15##__________________________________________________________________________107                  258                   258                      246                         274                            286                               *  274                                     *  302                                           300                                              *  *      *                                                 *108                  259                   259                      247                         275                            287                               *  275                                     *  303                                           301                                              *  *      *                                                 *109                  *  *  *  276                            288                               284                                  284                                     282                                        304                                           X  300                                                 304    302                                                 332110                  *  *  *  277                            289                               285                                  285                                     283                                        305                                           X  301                                                 305    303                                                 333111                  260                   260                      248                         *  *  286                                  286                                     *  314                                           312                                              X  X      300                                                 330112                  261                   261                      249                         *  *  287                                  287                                     *  315                                           313                                              X  X      301                                                 331113                  262                   262                      250                         278                            290                               288                                  278                                     276                                        316                                           X  312                                                 316    314                                                 344114                  263                   263                      251                         279                            291                               289                                  279                                     277                                        317                                           X  313                                                 317    315                                                 345115                           280                            292                               *  280                                     *  308                                           306                                              X  X      312                                                 342116                           281                            293                               *  281                                     *  309                                           307                                              X  X      313                                                 343117                                 290                                  290                                     288                                        310                                           X  306                                                 310    308                                                 338118                                 291                                  291                                     289                                        311                                           X  307                                                 311    309                                                 339119                                 292                                  292                                     *  320                                           318                                              X  X      306                                                 336120                                 293                                  293                                     *  321                                           319                                              X  X      307                                                 337121                                          322                                           X  318                                                 322    320                                                 350122                                          323                                           X  319                                                 323    321                                                 351123                                                X  X      318                                                 348124                                                X  X      319                                                 349125126127128129130131__________________________________________________________________________              TIME                  ##STR16##                     YY                        ZZ                           SW15                               SW14                                   SW13                                       SW12                                           SW11                                               SW10                                                  SW9                                                     SW8                                                        SW7__________________________________________________________________________             107 *  *  *  1   1   2   1   1   1  1  2  2             108 *  *  *  1   2   2   1   1   1  1  2  2             109 334                    *  *  2   2   1   1   1   1  1  2  2             110 335                    *  *  2   1   1   1   1   1  1  2  2             111 330                    A2 A22                          1   1   1   1   1   1  1  2  2             112 331                    A17                       A7 1   2   1   1   1   1  1  2  2             113 346                    A12                       A12                          2   2   2   1   1   1  1  2  2             114 347                    A27                       A27                          2   1   2   1   1   2  1  1  1             115 342                    A8 A28                          1   1   2   1       2  1  1  1             116 343                    A23                       A13                          1   2   2           2  1  1  1             117 340                    A18                       A18                          2   2   1           2  1  1  1             118 341                    A3 A3 2   1   1           2  1  1  1             119 336                    A14                       A4 1   1   1           2  1  1  1             120 337                    A29                       A19                          1   2   1           2  1  1  1             121 352                    A24                       A24                          2   2               2  1  1  1             122 353                    A9 A9 2                   2  3  2  1             123 348                    A26                       A16                          1                   2  3  2  1             124 349                    A11                       A1 1                   2  3  2  1             125    A6 A6                     2  3  2  1             126    A21                       A21                    2  2  2  1             127                              2  2  2  1             128                              2  4  2  1             129                              2  4  2  1             130             131__________________________________________________________________________

Referring to Table 9A, the order in which the data points 180 through 209 may be sequentially processed through the multiplier units MU1 and MU2 subsequently appearing at flow points EE and FF, respectively, is shown in the left hand column corresponding to the clock pulse times at T82 through T105. These data points, of course, are representative of one of either the real or imaginary data point arrays. For the purposes of describing the operation of the remaining portion of the instant pipeline processor embodiment, it is assumed that these data points 180-209 may be representative of either the real portions 180R-209R or the imaginary portions 180I-209I of the data point array entering the output section of the 30-point transform. It is understood that each set may be processed individually by the output sections of the present embodiment of the pipeline processor in the succeeding clock pulse periods much in the same manner as that described in connection with the Tables 6A and 6B hereabove.

Starting with clock pulse at T82, data points 180 and 204 appear at flow points EE and FF, respectively. Switch SW7 is in position to permit data point 180 to be added to data point 204 in the adder unit S14, the result being provided to the delay line D10. Switch SW10 is in position one permitting the equivalent data point 204 of which is 264 to also appear at the flow point II from node FF. If the positions of the remaining switches are not appearing in the FIGS. 9A and 9B, it is safe to assume that they are either not significant to the signal flow in the pipeline processor operation or not significant to the description at this time, or the pattern is merely being understandably repeated. At the next clock pulse at T83, data points 181 and 205 appear at the nodes EE and FF. The switches SW7 and SW10 remain in positions two and one, respectively. Thus, data point 181 and 205 are also added by the adder unit S14 and provided to the delay line D10. It is understood that the data point 210 resulting from the addition of 180 and 204 has been shifted to the second position of the delay line D10 during the clock pulse at T83. The equivalent of 205, which is 265, also appears at the flow point II from node FF. In the next two clock pulses at T84 and T85, insignificant information appears at the flow points EE and FF, being denoted by asterisks in the Table 9A. In the next four succeeding clock pulses at T86, T87, T88, and T89, the data points 182, 183, 184, and 185 appear at the node EE and 206, 207, 208, and 209 appear at the node FF, respectively. The pairs of data points similarly added together in their corresponding clock pulse periods utilizing adder unit S14 with the results being clocked into the delay line D10 and continuing through the delay line D11. The equivalents of the data points 206 through 209 are also provided to the flow points at II during the aforementioned clock pulse periods. At T90, the switches SW7, SW8, SW9, SW10, and SW11 are positioned at 1, 1, 1, 2, and 1, respectively. Simultaneously, the results of the previous additions from the adder unit S14 being exiting from the delay line D11 and are presented to the adder unit S15 to be added to the data appearing at FF through the switch SW8. Therefore, the data point 186 at FF is added to the resultant data point 210 which has passed through the delay lines D10 and D11 over the prior 8-clock pulse periods and the resultant data point 240 appears at the flow point HH. At this same time, the structure of the processor is reconfigured by the positioning of switch SW9 such that the flow point GG is input to the summer unit S16. Since the data point information at FF is inverted by the inverter 11 and coupled to the other input of the adder unit S16, a subtraction of the data point at FF from the data point at GG is permitted to occur at S16 and pass through to II through the position two of switch SW10. In this manner the data point 186 at FF may be subtracted from the data point 210 at GG with the resultant data point 246 appearing at the flow point II. The switch positions remain fixed over the next 7 clock pulses to T97, inclusively. The computed data points 193' through 197' sequentially appear at node EE at their corresponding clock pulse times except for T92 and T93. In addition, data points 187, 192, 193, 188, 189, 190, and 191 appear at flow point FF corresponding to the aforementioned clock pulse period. During this same time period, summations and subtractions continue to occur at S15 and S16, respectively, with the corresponding results being provided to the nodes HH and II accordingly. The addition results at HH are also transferred to node JJ with a 1-clock pulse delay caused by the register R28. Also during this time period, the data points 264 through 268 which previously appeared at node II have passed through the register R29 and delay line D14 and correspondingly appear at flow point KK and LL via position one of switch SW11. The equivalents 294 and 295 of the data points 264 and 265 are transferred to node NN at clock pulses T93 and T94 through the registers R30 and R32. Since switch SW12 is in position two during this time period, there is no addition occuring at adder unit S18. In a similar manner, at clock pulse T97 the equivalent 296 of data point 266 appears at node NN and node RR via position two of switch SW13. Also at T97, the data point 294 appears at node SS through delay line D17 because of the prior positioning of switch SW13.

At the clock pulse at T98, the data points 296 and 294 are entered into the register R34 and R35 to be added in the adder unit S21 according to the positioning of switch SW14. Concurrently, data point 294 is supplied to the input of register R37 through switch SW14. Also at T98 data points 297 and 295 are supplied to nodes RR and SS respectively, data point 269 appears at node KK and LL from the delay line D14 and according to the positioning of switch SW11, and data point 245 appears at node JJ from the node HH through register R28. Simultaneously, the data points 198' and 192' appearing at nodes EE and GG are added together in the adder unit S15 as a result of the positioning of SW8, the addition result, data point 252 being provided to node HH. In the same clock pulse period T98, the data point 198 is added to the output, data point 192, of the delay line D13 in the adder unit S16, the coupling occurring as a result of the positioning of switch SW9. The resultant addition data point 258 is provided to the flow point II through switch SW10. It is understood that for these additions at adder unit S16 to occur in their proper manner according to the signal flow graph of FIG. 5B the sign of the multiplication constants must be appropriately chosen.

In the succeeding seven clock pulses to T105, inclusively, the additions of the data points appearing at nodes EE and GG continue to occur in the summer S15 with the results sequentially appearing at the node HH. In the same time period, the additions between the data points occurring at node FF and the data points exiting from the delay line D13 through position three of switch SW9 continue to occur at the adder unit S16 with their corresponding results sequentially appearing at the node II. During the clock pulse periods from T99 through T106 the data points appearing at node HH are transferred to node JJ and LL with a one clock pulse delay caused by the register R28. During the same clock pulses, the data points exiting the delay line D14 appear at node KK and are input to the delay line D15. At the same times, the butterfly arrangement comprising the adder units S18 and S19 operate on the data transferred through the registers R30 and R31 from the nodes LL and MM, respectively, the results being provided to the nodes NN and PP delayed by one clock pulse as a result of the transfer through the registers R32 and R33. The exception occurring in clock pulses at T99 and T100 during which the adder unit S18 is inhibited because of the positioning of switch SW12 rendering the data points to be transferred from node LL to nodes NN and RR according to the positioning of switch SW13. From clock pulses at T99 to T102, the data points at node RR are transferred to nodes TT and WW through the register R36 and according to the switch positions SW14 and SW15. Note that the data points occurring at nodes TT and WW during this time frame are the equivalents of the data points transferred from the node RR in accordance with the signal flow graph of FIG. 5B. In addition, during the times T101 and T102, the data points 326 and 327 appear at the flow point XX being exited sequentially from the delay line D19. At T101 the expected results of the butterfly section comprising adder units S22 and S23 operating on the data points 328 and 326 are denoted under the column YY and ZZ being 356 and 358, respectively. Likewise at time T102, the same butterfly operation on data point 329 and 327 results in data points 357 and 359 also appearing under the column YY and ZZ. Also at times T103 and T104 the results of the butterfly operation on the data points appearing at WW and XX likewise appear at YY and ZZ.

The first frequency harmonic pair of array points are output at nodes YY and ZZ at time T103. This frequency harmonic pair A20 and A10 is equivalent to the computed data points 356 and 358 resulting from the computation of the final butterfly stage comprising adders S22 and S23. Likewise, in the next clock pulse period at T104, the second pair of frequency harmonics A5 and A25 appear at YY and ZZ in the pipeline processor. Again, these points are the equivalents of the data points 357 and 359 computed through the final butterfly section of the processor. At clock pulse T105, the results of the butterfly section comprising adder units S18 and S19 operating on the data points 254 and 242 appear at the nodes NN and PP, these results being 272 and 284, respectively. The results of the butterfly section including S18 and S19 continue to appear at the nodes NN and PP for the next eleven clock pulse periods ending at the time denoted as T116 (refer to Table 9B). From clock pulse 99 through 106, the data point flow information is provided to the node MM from the flow point JJ through the delay line D15.

From the clock pulse periods T107 to T114, inclusively, as shown in Table 9B hereabove, the data point flow information is provided to the node MM from the node JJ again through the delay line D15. From the clock pulse at T107 until T114, the data point information exiting the delay line D14 is provided to both the nodes KK and LL because of the positioning of the switch SW11. During the clock pulses at T105 through T108, the data point information is directly coupled between NN and RR through position two of switch SW13. Corresponding to the same times, data point information is provided to SS through D17. Subsequently, during the clock pulses at T109 through T112, the positioning of SW13 is such that the data point information may be supplied to the node RR from the node QQ which is the exit point of the delay line D16. Corresponding to these same times, data point information is supplied to node SS through the delay line D17; note, this information originally appeared at the node QQ during the times designated as T105 through T108. Following in sequence, during the clock times T113 through T116, data point information is again supplied to the node RR from the node NN because of the positioning of switch SW13 and the data point information provided to node SS through the delay line D17 previously appeared at node NN during the clock times designated as T109 through T112. In the succeeding four clock pulses T117-T120, data is supplied to RR from the node QQ because of the positioning of switch SW13 and the data point information appearing at SS is the four clock pulse delayed information which appeared at point QQ during the times designated at T113 through T116. Because of the periodic operation of switch SW14, it is readily apparent that the pseudo-butterfly operation of the adder unit S21 is operative at the times switch SW14 is in position one and inoperative when the switch SW14 is in position two; therefore, additions may occur between the data points at RR and SS during the times 110 and 111, 114 and 115, 118 and 119, and 122 and 123 for the example as shown in the signal flow Tables 9A and 9B, hereinabove. The results of these additions appear at node TT delayed by one clock pulse because of the operation of register R36. Corresponding to the times that the additions are taking place in adder unit S21, the data point information exiting register R35 is passed directly to the register R37 and is transferred therethrough delayed by one clock pulse period. Therefore, appearing at UU is the data point equivalence of that which appeared at SS delayed by two clock pulses during the times switch SW14 is in position one. Accordingly, during the times when switch SW14 is in position two, zero information may appear at the node UU delayed by one clock pulse of time. Also corresponding to the times when switch SW14 is in position two, the data point information appearing at TT is the equivalent, according to the signal flow graph of FIG. 5B, of that appearing at the node RR simply delayed by two clock pulse periods.

The operation of the remaining portions of the embodiment of the pipeline processor as shown in FIG. 8C is conducted according to the operation of switch SW15 which, incidentally for the purposes of this embodiment, is operated periodically. During the times that switch SW15 is in position two, the nodes TT and WW are coupled together and the information entering the delay line D19 is provided from the node VV. Accordingly, when the switch SW15 is in position one, the nodes VV and WW are coupled together and the information provided to delay line D19 comes from the node TT. In viewing the signal flow Table 9B, at times T109 and T110, for example, the data point information appearing at node WW is the same information appearing at node TT and likewise, the data point information appearing at nodes XX results from the node TT delayed by two clock pulses rendered by the delay line D19. See clock pulses at T115 and T116 for an example of the operation of when switch SW15 is in position one. The information at VV is transferred to WW directly. The data point information at XX is the information which previously appeared at VV delayed by two clock pulses as a result of the delay line D19. The results of the butterfly section operating on these particular data point values, as are shown for T115 and T116 at the flow points VV and WW, eventually appear at YY and ZZ delayed by two clock pulse periods at T117 and T118, respectively.

The data point information at WW and XX are operated on by the final butterfly section comprising S22 and S23 rendering the data point represented on the signal flow table 9B at YY and ZZ the results of the actual operation of the butterfly section appear at YY and ZZ delayed by two clock pulses one being required to transfer information through the registers R38 and R39 and the other being required to transfer the information through the registers R40 and R41. Note that the information appearing in the signal flow table at column YY and ZZ is representative of the frequency harmonic array points Ax which in accordance with the signal flow graph of FIG. 5B are the equivalents of the data points 330-359. The operation continues as described until one of either the real or imaginary elements of the output frequency harmonic data point array Ax are computed which occurs at the time designated as T126. Thereafter, similar to the operation of the input section of the 30-point transform other of the real or imaginary frequency harmonic output data array will begin to be sequentially appearing in the same predetermined ordered pairs as that described above for the previous data at points YY and ZZ.

It is understood by anyone skilled in the pertinent art that the pipeline processor, described supra, may be mechanized in digital hardware using conventional medium-scale-integrated (MSI) digital circuits. For example, the adder units may be constructed utilizing conventional 4-bit binary full adders similar to the type having the model No. 54283. The multipliers MU1 and MU2 similar to that shown in FIG. 9 may be constructed utilizing 2×4-bit 2's complement binary multipliers similar to the type having the model No. 25L05. Digital inverters of the type 5404 may be used for the inverting unit I1; the holding registers and delay lines may be implemented by a variety of conventional digital circuits such as 54LS174, 54LS175, and 93L28, and AM29700. Generally, for delay lines less than 4 clock pulses the 54LS174 units may be used; for delay lines of 8 clock pulses the 93L28 units may be used, and for delay lines of up to 16 clock pulses the devices AM29700 may be used. Also, it is preferable to use the circuits 54LS175 for implementation of the holding registers which have both the conventional output and its complement provided thereby. As for the dual SPDT digital switching functions like that as shown at SW1 and SW2, for example, quad 2-input digital multiplexer chips such as those having the model No. 54153, for example, may be used. For the single pole four throw switch function such as that shown at SW9 in FIG. 8B, digital devices referred to as dual 4-input multiplexer of the type having the model No. 54157, for example, may be used.

For the present embodiment as shown in FIG. 8B, the RAM's 11, 22, 21, and 12 may each be implemented in digital hardware by the digital circuits comprising 6-AM27LS02 and 2-82S09, for example, wherein this combination of circuits provides 128, 12-bit memory locations for each of the RAM's. Furthermore, the counter/PROM combinations as shown in FIG. 8B, may be digitally implemented utilizing PROM devices of the type having the model No. 5623, for example, and utilizing a set of digital registers such as the 54LS174's arranged in a shift register structure operating in combination with the PROM. The overall hierarchy control of the pipeline processor, not shown, that is the synchronous clock pulse which enabled the holding registers and cause the delay lines to transfer information and the appropriate switches to switch synchronously to their predesigned states in accordance with the signal flow tables of 6A, 6B, 9A and 9B, may be mechanized utilizing PROM's of the type having a model No. 27LS08 operating in conjunction with a number of digital registers like those of the 54LS174 which may be arranged to function as a shift register circuit. It is understood, however, that other devices in other circuit arrangements may be used for hardware mechanization of the embodiment as shown in FIGS. 8A, 8B, and 8C without deviating from the broad scope of applicant's invention.

An alternate embodiment of a multipoint pipeline processor which is described herebelow is that of a 60-point pipeline processor which is based on a 3-, 4-, and 5-point transforms. The elemental signal flow graphs of the 3- and 5-point flow graphs are shown in FIGS. 4B and 4C, respectively. The signal flow graph of the 4-point transform which was found suitable for nesting within the 60-point transform is shown in FIG. 10. For more details of this 4-point transform reference is hereby made to the Patterson thesis which was cited in the background section of the instant application. It is noted that the 4-point transform of FIG. 10 has the same general construction as that of the 3- and 5-point transforms in that it has an input section, a middle or multiplication section and an output section.

In the subsequent description of the 60-point transform, the details of nesting the input sections of the 4-, 3-, and 5-point transforms to form the overall input section of the 60-point transform and the nesting of the output sections of the 4-, 3-, and 5-point transforms to form the output section of the 60-point transform will be provided. Similar to the description of the 30-point transform, the input data points of the 60-point transform are denoted as ax where x is an integer corresponding to the input index of the data point matrix of the DFT and likewise, the output frequency harmonics of the DFT are denoted as a Ay where y is the output index of the frequency matrix. In addition, the multiplication constants Mz where z is an integer are derived from the nesting of the smaller transforms within the larger 60-point transform according to known Winograd techniques.

A schematic block diagram which depicts the nesting of the smaller 4-, 3-, and 5-point transforms as shown in FIGS. 10, 4B and 4C, respectively, to form the 60-point signal flow graph which is used as the basis for the architecture of the 60-point pipeline processor for the discrete Fourier transformations which will be described in greater detail herebelow. For the purposes of describing the signal flow graph of the 60-point transforms, the inputs and outputs of each of the nested input and output sections of the smaller transforms will be enumerated with consecutive integers. For example, in the interconnecting input structure of the nested transforms of the input section of the 60-point transform as shown in FIG. 11A, the input nodes to the input blocks which are labeled T4 for denoting 4-point transforms, are enumerated from 0 to 59 indicative of the 60-point input data array. Note that the input points are grouped in quantities of four and aligned with each of the fifteen 4-point transform blocks T4. The outputs of the 4-point transform blocks are also consecutively numbered from 60 to 119 and are likewise grouped consecutively in quantities of four.

Also in FIG. 11A is shown the interconnection between the 4-point transform blocks T4 and the next row stage of 20 3-point transform blocks denoted at T3. For example, the first outputs 60, 64, and 68 of the first three 4-point transform blocks going from the top to the bottom of the columns in FIG. 11A are connected to the topmost 3-point transform block as inputs. In sequence then, the first outputs 72, 76, and 80 of the next 4-point transform blocks, again going from top to bottom, are interconnected to the inputs of the second topmost 3-point transform block. This pattern continues until the final 3-point transform block has as inputs the fourth of the outputs 111, 115 and 119 of the bottommost three 4-point transform blocks in FIG. 11A. While it is denoted that the blocks T4 and T3 hereabove are the 3- and 4-point transform, in reality these blocks depict only the input section of the 4- and 3-point transform signal graphs, respectively.

The next interconnecting structure to be described is that between the input sections of the 3-point transform blocks T3 and the input sections of the 5-point transform blocks T5. It is noted that the outputs of the blocks T3 are no longer consecutively numbered but are consistent with the labeling of the corresponding inputs. For example, 60/180, 64/184, and 68/188 are the input/output labeling for the topmost 3-point transform block T3. This labeling continues consistently for the remaining nineteen T3 transform blocks as shown in FIG. 11A. In connecting the outputs 180 through 239 of the T3 blocks to the inputs of the T5 blocks, the first of the outputs 180, 192, 204, 216 and 228 of the five topmost T3 blocks are input to the topmost T5 block of the column of T5 blocks in FIG. 11A. The next topmost T5 block has connected to its inputs the second outputs, 184, 196, 208, 220, and 232 of the topmost five T3 blocks in FIG. 11A. This interconnection pattern generally persists for all of the T5 blocks culminating as shown in FIG. 11A with the inputs to the bottom T5 block as being the third outputs 191, 203, 215, 227, and 239 of the five bottommost T3 blocks in the column of T3 blocks. Note that the output data points 360 to 419 of the T5 blocks are enumerated consistently with that of their corresponding inputs. For example, 180/360, 192/372, 204/384, 216/396, and 228/408 correspond to the input/output data points of the topmost T5 block. The multiplication constants M1 through M60 for the 60-point transform are shown in FIG. 11A multiplying their predetermined output data points from the input section of the 60-point transform. The outputs of the multiplication section are numbered consecutively from 420 to 479 respectively corresponding to the multiplication constants M1 through M60.

The interconnection structure for the nesting of the output sections of the 5-, 3-, and 4-point transforms is shown in FIG. 11B. The inputs to the twelve 5-point transform output sections denoted as R5 are grouped in consecutive quantities of five from the outputs of the multiplication section. According, the outputs of the blocks R5 are enumerated from 600 to 659 being grouped in consecutive order in quantities of five for each of the output sections of the 5-point transform R5. In the next columns are the output sections of the 3-point nested transforms denoted as R3, the inputs to the topmost block R3 are provided from the first outputs 600, 620, and 640 from the topmost three blocks of the R5 designated column for blocks as shown in FIG. 11B. The inputs to the next topmost R3 block are provided from the second outputs of the same topmost three R5 blocks in the column of R5 blocks. This same general pattern of interconnection between the R5 and R3 output section transform blocks is repeated culminating in the inputs to the bottom R3 block in the column of R3 blocks being provided from the fifth outputs 619, 639 and 659 of the bottommost three R5 blocks in the column of R5 blocks.

With regard to the interconnection of the R3 blocks with the output R4 blocks, the inputs to the topmost R4 block of the column of R4 blocks is provided from the first output of every fifth R3 block from top to bottom starting with the topmost R3 block, that is the outputs denoted as 720, 725, 730 and 735. With the same sequencing pattern, the second R4 block from top to bottom has as inputs the second output of every fifth R3 block from top to bottom starting with the topmost R3 block, that is the outputs denoted as 740, 745, 750 and 755. This same general pattern of interconnection continues culminating in the bottom R4 block of the column of R4 blocks having as inputs the third output from every other fifth R3 block including in the group the bottom R3 block containing the output 779. The outputs 780 through 839 of the fifteen R4 transform blocks are grouped in quantities of four and are enumerated consistently with the numbering of the inputs of the corresponding blocks. For example, the input/output relationships for the topmost R4 transform block are 720/780, 725/785, 730/790, and 735/795. This same pattern of numbering the outputs is consistent throughout the R4 transform blocks culminating in the bottommost R4 transform block having the input/output relationships as follows: 764/824, 769/829, 774/834, and 779/839.

It is realized that the block diagram schematics of FIGS. 11A and 11B exhibit only a representative portion of the block diagram interconnecting architecture for the 60-point signal flow graph which is used as the basis for the preferred embodiment of the 60-point pipeline processor which will be described in greater detail herebelow. For a more comprehensive interconnection tabulation of the input and output nodes of the block diagram schematic representative of the nesting of the 4-, 3-, and 5-point transforms of FIGS. 11A and 11B, reference is made to the Tables 10, 11A 1-3 and 11B 1-3 shown herebelow.

              TABLE 10______________________________________Data    Input         Data     OutputPoint   Array Element Point    Array Element______________________________________0       a36           780      A241       a6            781      A482       a21           782      A363       a51           783      A124       a56           784      A05       a26           785      A396       a41           786      A37       a11           787      A518       a16           788      A279       a46           789      A1510      a1            790      A5411      a31           791      A1812      a48           792      A613      a18           793      A4214      a33           794      A3015      a3            795      A916      a8            796      A3317      a38           797      A2118      a53           798      A5719      a23           799      A4520      a28           800      A421      a58           801      A2822      a13           802      A1623      a43           803      A5224      a12           804      A4025      a42           805      A1926      a57           806      A4327      a27           807      A3128      a32           808      A729      a2            809      A5530      a17           810      A3431      a47           811      A5832      a52           812      A4633      a22           813      A2234      a37           814      A1035      a7            815      A4936      a24           816      A1337      a54           817      A138      a9            818      A3739      a39           819      A2540      a44           820      A4441      a14           821      A842      a29           822      A5643      a59           823      A3244      a4            824      A2045      a34           825      A5946      a49           826      A2347      a19           827      A1148      a0            828      A4749      a30           829      A3550      a45           830      A1451      a15           831      A3852      a20           832      A2653      a50           833      A254      a5            834      A5055      a35           835      A2956      a40           836      A5357      a10           837      A4158      a25           838      A1759      a55           839      A5______________________________________

              TABLE 11-A1______________________________________T4Inputs           OutputsNo.  1      2      3    4    1     2     3     4______________________________________1    0      1      2    3    60    61    62    632    4      5      6    7    64    65    66    673    8      9      10   11   68    69    70    714    12     13     14   15   72    73    74    755    16     17     18   19   76    77    78    796    20     21     22   23   80    81    82    837    24     25     26   27   84    85    86    878    28     29     30   31   88    89    90    919    32     33     34   35   92    93    94    9510   36     37     38   39   96    97    98    9911   40     41     42   43   100   101   102   10312   44     45     46   47   104   105   106   10713   48     49     50   51   108   109   110   11114   52     53     54   55   112   113   114   11515   56     57     58   59   116   117   118   119______________________________________

              TABLE 11-A2______________________________________T3Inputs               OutputsNo.   1        2        3      1     2     3______________________________________1     60       64       68     180   184   1882     72       76       80     192   196   2003     84       88       92     204   208   2124     96       100      104    216   220   2245     108      112      116    228   232   2366     61       65       69     181   185   1897     73       77       81     193   197   2018     85       89       93     205   209   2139     97       101      105    217   221   22510    109      113      117    229   233   23711    62       66       70     182   186   19012    74       78       82     194   198   20213    86       90       94     206   210   21414    98       102      106    218   222   22615    110      114      118    230   234   23816    63       67       71     183   187   19117    75       79       83     195   199   20318    87       91       95     207   211   21519    99       103      107    219   223   22720    111      115      119    231   235   239______________________________________

                                  TABLE 11-A3__________________________________________________________________________T5Inputs                  OutputsNo. 1   2   3   4   5   1   2   3   4   5__________________________________________________________________________1   180 192 204 216 228 360 372 384 396 4082   184 196 208 220 232 364 376 388 400 4123   188 200 212 224 236 368 380 392 404 4164   181 193 205 217 229 361 373 385 397 4095   185 197 209 221 233 365 377 389 401 4136   189 201 213 225 237 369 381 393 405 4177   182 194 206 218 230 362 374 386 398 4108   186 198 210 222 234 366 378 390 402 4149   190 202 214 226 238 370 382 394 406 41810  183 195 207 219 231 363 375 387 399 41111  187 199 211 223 235 367 379 391 403 41512  191 203 215 227 239 371 383 395 407 419__________________________________________________________________________

                                  TABLE 11-B1__________________________________________________________________________R5Inputs                  OutputsNo. 1   2   3   4   5   1   2   3   4   5__________________________________________________________________________1   420 421 422 423 424 600 601 602 603 6042   425 426 427 428 429 605 606 607 608 6093   430 431 432 433 434 610 611 612 613 6144   435 436 437 438 439 615 616 617 618 6195   440 441 442 443 444 620 621 622 623 6246   445 446 447 448 449 625 626 627 628 6297   450 451 452 453 454 630 631 632 633 6348   455 456 457 458 459 635 636 637 638 6399   460 461 462 463 464 640 641 642 643 64410  465 466 467 468 469 645 646 647 648 64911  470 471 472 473 474 650 651 652 653 65412  475 476 477 478 479 655 656 657 658 659__________________________________________________________________________

              TABLE 11-B2______________________________________R3Inputs              OutputsNo.   1        2       3      1     2      3______________________________________1     600      620     640    720   740    7602     601      621     641    721   741    7613     602      622     642    722   742    7624     603      623     643    723   743    7635     604      624     644    724   744    7646     605      625     645    725   745    7657     606      626     646    726   746    7668     607      627     647    727   747    7679     608      628     648    728   748    76810    609      629     649    729   749    76911    610      630     650    730   750    77012    611      631     651    731   751    77113    612      632     652    732   752    77214    613      633     653    733   753    77315    614      634     654    734   754    77416    615      635     655    735   755    77517    616      636     656    736   756    77618    617      637     657    737   757    77719    618      638     658    738   758    77820    619      639     659    739   759    779______________________________________

              TABLE 11-B3______________________________________R4Inputs             OutputsNo.  1       2      3     4    1     2    3     4______________________________________1    720     725    730   735  780   785  790   7952    721     726    731   736  781   786  791   7963    722     727    732   737  782   787  792   7974    723     728    733   738  783   788  793   7985    724     729    734   739  784   789  794   7996    740     745    750   755  800   805  810   8157    741     746    751   756  801   806  811   8168    742     747    752   757  802   807  812   8179    743     748    753   758  803   808  813   81810   744     749    754   759  804   809  814   81911   760     765    770   775  820   825  830   83512   761     766    771   776  821   826  831   83613   762     767    772   777  822   827  832   83714   763     768    773   778  823   828  833   83815   764     769    774   779  824   829  834   839______________________________________

For example, the input data array points a0 through a59 are coupled to the inputs of the 4-point input section blocks T4 in accordance with the relationship as shown in Tables 10 and 11-A1. The outputs from the blocks T4 are indicated as being coupled to the inputs of the blocks T3 which have the same data point numerals (see Tables 11-A1 and 11-A2). For example, the output of the first T4 block having the data point reference number 60 is coupled to the first input of the first T3 block. For another example, the fourth output of the fifteenth T4 block which is referenced as 119 is coupled to the third input of the twentieth T3 block as indicated in Table 11-A1 and 11-A2. Similarly, the outputs of the T3 3-point input section blocks are correspondingly coupled to the inputs of the T5 5-point input section blocks using the relationship of equivalent data points. An example of this is the first output of the first T3 block is coupled to the first input of the first T5 block both having the equivalent data point numeral 180. Another example is the second output of the tenth T3 block is coupled to the fifth input of the fifth T5 block both exhibiting the data point numeral 233.

The outputs of the T5 blocks are multiplied by their corresponding multiplication constants M1 through M60 as shown in FIG. 11A and the outputs of the multiplication section being denoted as 420 through 479 are the inputs to the R5 5-point output section blocks in accordance with that tabulated in Table 11-B1. Equivalent data point numerals are again used as a basis for indicating coupling. In this manner, the architectural interconnection structure between the R5, R3 and R4 transform blocks may be ascertained from Tables 11-B1, B2, and B3. The outputs of the final column of R4 transform blocks being enumerated 780 through 839 correspond to the output frequency array elements A0 through A59 in the nodal relationship as shown in Table 10 hereabove.

As has been described hereabove in connection with the input section of the 30-point transform of FIGS. 5A and 6A, input data point arrays comprising all real portions of the input data points and all imaginary portions of the input data points are individually operated on by the input section of the 60-point transform. Similarly, the operation results in two sets of intermediate data points, one being all real values and the other being all imaginary values, both sets being represented by the nodes 360 through 419 apparent from the Table 11A. For the purposes of distinguishing one from the other, the real intermediate data points may be denoted as 360R-419R and the imaginary ones as 360I-419I. Just as in the 30-point transform case both sets 360R-419R and 360I-419I may be computed by the input section of the 60-point transform prior to continuing signal flow operations by the intermediate multiplication section denoted by M1 through M60.

In deriving the intermediate constants Kx wherein x goes from 1 through 6, for the present embodiment of the 60-point transform, the equations as provided in Table 12 shown herebelow are used.

              TABLE 12______________________________________K1 = (W20 + W40)/12K2 = (W20 - W40)/12K3 = (W12 + W24 + W36 + W48)/4K4 = (-W12 + W24 + W36 - W48)/4K5 = (-W12 + W24 - W36 + W48)/4K6 = (-W12 - W24 + W36 + W48)/4K3 - K4 + K5 + K6 = W48K3 + K4 - K5 + K6 = W36K3 - K4 - K5 - K6 = W12K3 + K4 + K5 - K6 = W24K1 + K2 = W20K1 - K2 = W40______________________________________

Keep in mind that the W terms are merely representative of vectors having the form cos θ-j sin θ and the constants K1 through K6 are equated by the vector addition and subtractions of these terms. The details of these type calculations have been provided hereabove in connection with the description of FIG. 7 and Tables 2 and 3. Thereafter, the constants M1 through M60 may be derived utilizing the previously derived constants K1 through K6 with known Winograd techniques. The equations for deriving the constants M1 through M60 are shown in Table 13 found herebelow. In addition to the multiplication constants M1 through M60, the auxiliary multiplication constants associated with the output sections of the 5-point transforms as described hereabove, are also shown in Table 13. These auxiliary multiplication constants are denoted by the primed data point reference numerals on which the multipliers operate. For example, the multiplication factor -K6/K5 additionally operates on the 422 data point to yield the primed 422' data point. Note that the primed data points as provided in Table 13 are not consecutively numbered, but are numbered in consecutive pairs separated by three missing data point numerals. For example, 422' and 423', 427' and 428', 432' and 433', and so on. This result is primarily due to the nesting of the shorter transforms to form the 60-point transform in the architecture as shown in FIGS. 11A and 11B.

                                  TABLE 13__________________________________________________________________________M1 = K3 - 1   M21 = (K1 - 1) (K3 - 1)                       M41 = K2 (K3 - 1)                                       422' = -K6/K5M2 = K4       M22 = (K1 - 1)K4                       M42 = K2 K4     423' = K5/K6M3 = K5       M23 = (K1 - 1)K5                       M43 = K2 K5     427' = -K6/K5M4 = K6       M24 = (K1 - 1)K6                       M44 = K2 K6     428' = K5/K6M5 = 1        M25 = (K1 - 1)                       M45 = K2        432' = -K6/K5M6 = (K1 - 1)(K3 - 1)         M26 = K2(K3 - 1)                       M46 = -j (K3 - 1)                                       433' = K5/K6M7 = (K1 - 1)K4         M27 = K2 K4   M47 = -j K4     437' = -K6/K5M8 = (K1 - 1)K5         M28 = K2 K5   M48 = -j K5     438'  = K5/K6M9 = (K1 - 1)K6         M29 = K2 K6   M49 = -j K6     442' = -K6/K5M10   = (K1 - 1)1         M30 = K2      M50 = -j        443' = K5/K6M11   = K2(K3 - 1)         M31 = K3 - 1  M51 = -j (K1 - 1) (K3 - 1)                                       447' = -K6/K5M12   = K2 K4    M32 = K4      M52 = -j (K1 - 1)K4                                       448' = K5/K6M13   = K2 K5    M33 = K5      M53 = -j (K1 - 1)K5                                       452' = -K6/K5M14   = K2 K6    M34 = K6      M54 = -j (K1 - 1)K6                                       453' = K5/K6M15   = K2       M35 = 1       M55 = -j (K1 - 1)                                       457' = -K6/K5M16   = K3 - 1   M36 = (K1 - 1) (K3 - 1)                       M56 = -j K2(K3 -  1)                                       458' = K5/K6M17   = K4       M37 = (K1 - 1)K4                       M57 = -j K2(K4 - 1)                                       462' = -K6/K5M18   = K5       M38 = (K1 - 1)K5                       M58 = -j K2 K5  463' = K5/K6M19   = K6       M39 = (K1 - 1)K6                       M59 = -j K2 K6  467' = -K6/K5M20   = 1        M40 = (K1 - 1) 1                       M60 = -j K2     468' = K5/K6                                       472' = -K6/K5                                       473' = K5/K6                                       477' = -K6/K5                                       478' = K5/K6__________________________________________________________________________

Just as in the 30-point transform case, in deriving the composite multiplication constants M1 through M60 of the nested 4-, 3- and 5-point transforms for the 60-point transform and the auxiliary multiplication constants associated with the twelve output sections of the 5-transforms, the resultant values may either be real or imaginary, but not complex. Here again, it can be appreciated that the previously computed elements of the intermediate arrays 360R-419R and 360I-419I may be scrambled prior to being operated on by the multiplication constants to yield therefrom two sets of data points for the nodes 420 through 479 of the 60-point transform (see Table 11-B1, B2 and B3)--one being all real values and the other being all imaginary values being denoted by 420R-479R and 420I-479I, respectively. Obviously, the reason for this is that the output section of the 60-point transform, like that of the 30-point transform, may either operate on all real data array points or all imaginary data array points, but not on both concurrently. The details of this have been described above in connection with the pipeline processor embodiment for the 30-point transform.

Once having determined the identity (real or imaginary) of each of the multiplication constants M1-M60 and the auxiliary multiplication constants, the scrambling of the elements of the intermediate arrays 420R-479R, and 420I-479I may be effected to similarly provide elements of a first and second composite array like that displayed in Table 5, for example, which are operated on by the multiplication section of the 60-point transform of FIGS. 11A and 11B to yield real and imaginary arrays at the signal nodes 420-479 including the auxiliary signal nodes. Note that the group of nodes which are primed in Table 13 are multiplied correspondingly by both sets of constants associated therewith.

The foregoing description of 60-point transform signal flow graph depicted in FIGS. 11A and 11B and more comprehensively detailed in the Tables 11-A1, A2 and A3 and 11-B1, B2 and B3 has been provided as an introductive basis for a 60-point transform pipeline processor, an embodiment of which is shown in the schematic block diagram of FIGS. 8A, 8B and 8C and including the additional circuitry illustrated by schematic block diagram of FIG. 12. The structural description of the schematic as shown in FIGS. 8A, 8B and 8C has been described in detail hereabove. To make this embodiment suitable to perform a 60-point transform, all of the delay lines D1 through D19 may be doubled in size. For example, D1 and D2 for the 60-point pipeline processor may be increased to two clock pulse delay lines and likewise D3 and D4 may be increased to four clock pulse delay lines and so on throughout the pipeline processor until D18 and D19 which may be extended to four clock pulse delay lines. The additional circuitry as shown by the schematic in FIG. 12 is added at the pipeline flow points YY and ZZ.

Referring to FIG. 12, coupled to the rail nodes YY and ZZ is a delay line/switch set circuit arrangement similar to the ones described in connection with the embodiment of FIGS. 8A, 8B and 8C. The delay lines are disposed at the bottom rail upstream and downstream of a switch set SW16. The upstream delay line D20 is a two clock pulse delay line and the downstream delay line D21 is also a two clock pulse delay line. The switch set SW16 comprises two SPDT functional switches arranged similarly to that described hereabove. There following, is a butterfly section wherein resistors R42 and R44 and an adder S25 are associated with the information flow of the top rail of the pipeline processor and registers R43 and R45 and an adder S26 are associated with the information flow of the bottom rail thereof. The adder S26 performs the subtraction operation thereof. Coupled to the output of the register R45 on the bottom rail is another adder unit S27 utilized primarily for the purposes of digital roundoff. Thereafter, the top and bottom rails are again buffered with two more registers R46 and R47, respectively, providing the outputs denoted as CCC and DDD from the 60-point pipeline processor embodiment.

Since the 2-rail 60-point pipeline processor embodiment is similar in circuit structure to that of the 30-point pipeline processor except for the extended portion as shown in FIG. 12, the operation of its elemental blocks is similar to that of the 30-point pipeline processor as described hereabove. A comprehensive exhibition of a typical operation of the input section of the 60-point pipeline processor embodiment is shown in the Tables 14A, 14B and 14C shown below.

                                  TABLE 14A__________________________________________________________________________TIME    A B C  D  E  F  G  I  H  J  K  L  M  N  P  Q  R  S  T  U__________________________________________________________________________0    4  51    6  72    8  9   64 653   10 11   66 674    0  1   68 69 65 68 645    2  3   70 71 67 70 666   X X 60 61 69 69 65 128                     124      1247   X X 62 63 71 71 67 130                     126      1268   16 17   X  X  61 X  60 129                     125      1259   18 19   X  X  63 X  62 131                     127      12710  20 21   76 77 X  X  61 120                     120                        128                           120                              128                                 12411  22 23   78 79 X  X  63 122                     122                        130                           122                              130                                 12612  12 13   80 81 77 80 76 121                     121                        129                           121                              129                                 125                                    180                                       18413  14 15   82 83 79 82 78 123                     123                        131                           123                              131                                 127                                    182                                       18614  X X 72 73 81 81 77 140                     136                        120                           120                              136                                 128                                    181                                       18515  X X 74 75 83 83 79 142                     138                        122                           122                              138                                 130                                    183                                       18716  28 29   X  X  73 X  72 141                     137                        121                           121                              137                                 129   18817  30 31   X  X  75 X  74 143                     139                        123                           123                              139                                 131   19018  32 33   88 89 X  X  73 132                     132                        140                           132                              140                                 136   18919  34 35   90 91 X  X  75 134                     134                        142                           134                              142                                 138   19120  24 25   92 93 89 92 88 133                     133                        141                           133                              141                                 137                                    192                                       196                                          184                                             192                                                18021  26 27   94 95 91 94 90 135                     135                        143                           135                              143                                 139                                    194                                       198                                          186                                             194                                                18222  X X 84 85 93 93 89 152                     148                        132                           132                              148                                 140                                    193                                       197                                          185                                             193                                                181    240                                                25223  X X 86 87 95 95 91 154                     150                        134                           134                              150                                 142                                    195                                       199                                          187                                             195                                                183    242                                                25424  40 41   X  X  85 X  84 153                     149                        133                           133                              149                                 141   200                                          188          241                                                25325  42 43   X  X  87 X  86 155                     151                        135                           135                              151                                 143   202                                          190          243                                                25526  44 45   100      101         X  X  85 144                     144                        152                           144                              152                                 148   201                                          18927  46 47   102      103         X  X  87 146                     146                        154                           146                              154                                 150   203                                          19128  36 37   104      105         101            104               100                  145                     145                        153                           145                              153                                 149                                    204                                       208                                          196                                             196                                                18429  38 39   106      107         103            106               102                  147                     147                        155                           147                              155                                 151                                    206                                       210                                          198                                             198                                                186__________________________________________________________________________              TIME                  V W X Y Z AA BB CC DD SW6                                           SW5                                              SW4                                                 SW3                                                    SW2                                                       SW1__________________________________________________________________________              0              1              2                                        1              3                                        1              4                                        2              5                                        2              6                                     1  1              7                                     1  1              8                                     1  2              9                                     1  2              10                                    2  1              11                                    2  1              12                                 1  2  2              13                                 1  2  2              14                                 1  1  1              15                                 1  1  1              16                                 1  1  2              17                                 1  1  2              18                                 1  2  1              19                                 1  2  1              20                                 2  2  2              21                                 2  2  2              22                              1  2  1  1              23                              1  2  1  1              24                              1  2  1  2              25                              1  2  1  2              26                              1  2  2  1              27                              1  2  2  1              28                              1  1  2  2              29                              1  1  2  2__________________________________________________________________________

                                  TABLE 14B__________________________________________________________________________TIME    A B  C  D  E  F  G  I  H  J  K  L  M  N  P  Q  R  S  T  U__________________________________________________________________________30  X X  96 97 105             105                101                   164                      160                         144                            144                               160                                  152                                     205                                        209                                           197                                              197                                                 185    244                                                 25631  X X  98 99 107             107                103                   166                      162                         146                            146                               162                                  154                                     207                                        211                                           199                                              199                                                 187    246                                                 25832  52 53 X  X  97 X  96 165   145                            145                               161                                  153   212                                           200                                              200                                                 188    245                                                 25733  54 55 X  X  99 X  98 167                      165                         147                            147                               163                                  155   214                                           202                                              202                                                 190    247                                                 25934  56 57 112       113          X  X  97 156                      156                         164                            156                               164                                  160   213                                           201                                              201                                                 189    248                                                 26035  58 59 114       115          X  X  99 158                      158                         166                            158                               166                                  162   215                                           203                                              203                                                 191    250                                                 26236  48 49 116       117          113             116                112                   157                      157                         165                            157                               165                                  161                                     216                                        220                                           208                                              216                                                 204    249                                                 26137  50 51 118       119          115             118                114                   159                      159                         167                            159                               167                                  163                                     218                                        222                                           210                                              218                                                 206    251                                                 26338  X X  108       109          117             117                113                   176                      172                         156                            156                               172                                  164                                     217                                        221                                           209                                              217                                                 205    264                                                 27639  X X  110       111          119             119                115                   178                      174                         158                            158                               174                                  166                                     219                                        223                                           211                                              219                                                 207    266                                                 27840  X X  X  X  109             X  108                   177                      173                         157                            157                               173                                  165   224                                           212          265                                                 27741  X X  X  X  111             X  110                   179                      175                         159                            159                               175                                  167   226                                           214          267                                                 27942  X X  X  X  X  X  109                   168                      168                         176                            168                               176                                  172   225                                           21343  X X  X  X  X  X  111                   170                      170                         178                            170                               178                                  174   227                                           21544  X X  X  X  X  X  X  169                      169                         177                            169                               177                                  173                                     228                                        232                                           220                                              220                                                 20845  X X  X  X  X  X  X  171                      171                         179                            171                               179                                  175                                     230                                        234                                           222                                              222                                                 21046  X X  X  X  X  X  X  X  X  168                            168                               X  176                                     229                                        233                                           221                                              221                                                 209    268                                                 28047  X X  X  X  X  X  X  X  X  170                            170                               X  178                                     231                                        235                                           223                                              223                                                 211    270                                                 28248       X  X  X  X  X  X  X  169                            169                               X  177   236                                           224                                              224                                                 212    269                                                 28149       X  X  X  X  X  X  X  171                            171                               X  179   238                                           226                                              226                                                 214    271                                                 28350                                           237                                           225                                              225                                                 213    272                                                 28451                                           239                                           227                                              227                                                 215    274                                                 28652                                        X  X  232                                              X  228    273                                                 28553                                        X  X  234                                              X  230    275                                                 28754                                        X  X  233                                              X  229    288                                                 28855                                        X  X  235                                              X  231    290                                                 29056                                        X  X  236                                              X         289                                                 28957                                        X  X  238                                              X         291                                                 29158                                        X  X  237                                              X59                                        X  X  239                                              X__________________________________________________________________________         TIME             X  W  V  Y  Z  AA BB CC DD SW6                                           SW5                                              SW4                                                 SW3                                                    SW2                                                       SW1__________________________________________________________________________         30                                   1  1  1  1         31                                   1  1  1  1         32                                   1  1  1  2         33                                   1  1  1  2         34                                   1  1  2  1         35                                   1  1  2  1         36                                   1  2  2  2         37                                   1  2  2  2         38  240                264                   252                     1  2  2  1  1         39  242                266                   254                     1  2  2  1  1         40  241                265                   253                      300                         324               1  2  2  1  2         41  243                267                   255                      302                         326                            300   360   1  1  2  2  1  2         42           301                         325                            302   362                                     324                                        1  1  2  2  2  1         43           303                         327                            301   361                                     326                                        1  1  2  2  2  1         44                 303   363                                     325                                        1  1  2  1  2  2         45                          327                                        1  1  2  1  2  2         46  244                268                   256                  1  1  2  1  1  1         47  246                270                   258                  1  1  2  1  1  1         48  245                269                   257                      304                         328            1  1  2  1  1  2         49  247                271                   259                      301                         330                            304   364   1  1  2  1  1  2         50  248                272                   260                      305                         329                            306   366                                     328                                        1  1  2  1  2  1         51  250                274                   262                      307                         331                            305   365                                     330                                        1  1  2  1  2  1         52  249                273                   261                      308                         332                            307   367                                     329                                        1  1  2  2  2  2         53  251                275                   263                      310                         334                            308   368                                     331                                        1  1  2  2  2  2         54  252                276                   276                      309                         333                            310   370                                     332                                        1  1  1  2  1  1         55  254                278                   278                      311                         335                            309   369                                     334                                        1  1  1  2  1  1         56  253                277                   277                      336                         312                            311   371                                     333                                        1  1  1  2  1  2         57  255                279                   279                      338                         314                            336   396                                     335                                        1  1  1  2  1  2         58           337                         313                            338   398                                     312                                        1  1  1  2  2  1         59           339                         315                            337   397                                     314                                        1  1  1  2  2  1__________________________________________________________________________

TABLE 14C  TIME A B C D E F G H I J K L M N P Q R S T U V W X Y Z AA BB CC DD SW6 SW5 SW4 SW3 SW2 SW1   60 X 232        339  399 313 1 1 1  61 X 234          * 315 1 1 1 62 X 233 292 292 280 280 256     * * 1 1 1 63 X 235 294 294 282 282 258     * * 1 1 1 64 X 236 293 293 281 281 257 340 316   * * 1 1 1 65 X 238 295 295 283 283 259 342 318 340  400 * 1 1 1 66 X 237 296 296 284 284 260 341 317 342  402 316 1 1 1 67 X 239 298 298 286 286 262 343 319 341  401 318 1 1 1 68   297 297 285 285 261 344 320 343  403 317 1 1 1 69   299 299 287 287 263 346 322 344  404 319 1 1 1 70     288 X 288 345 321 346 406 320 1 2 1 71     290 X 290 347 323 345  405 322 1 2 1 72     289 X 289 348 348 347  407 321 1 2 1 73     291 X 291 350 350 348 300 408 323 2 2 1 74      X  349 349 350 302 410 348 2 2 1 75      X  351 351 349 301 409 350 2 2 1 76      X    351 303 411 349 2 2 1 77      X      * 351 2 2 1 78     292 X 292     * * 2 2 1 79     294 X 294     * * 2 2 1 80     293 X 293 352 352   * * 2 2 1 81     295 X 295 354 354 352 304 412 * 2 2 1 82     296 X 296 353 353 354 306 414 352 2 2 1 83     298 X 298 355 355 353 305 413 354 2 2 1 84     297 X 297 356 356 355 307 415 353 2 2 1 85     299 X 299 358 358 356 308 416 355 2 2 1 86        357 357 358 310 418 356 2 1 2 87        359 359 357 309 417 358 2 1 2 88 359 311 419 357 2 1 2 89           336  359 1 1 2

The elements of the input data array a0-a59, denoted by the data points 0 through 59 in accordance with the relationship shown in Table 10, are presented to the 60-point pipeline processor at nodes A and B in predetermined ordered pairs throughout the clock pulse interval from T0 through T37. During the clock pulse interval from T38 to T47 zero input information is presented to the nodes A and B as denoted by the X's in the Tables 14A and 14B. It is noted that the data points provided to the 60-point pipeline processor at nodes A and B during the time T0 through T37 are either from the real input data array or the imaginary input data array. Subsequent to the time T47, the other of the real or imaginary data input array is then provided through the nodes A and B similar to that described in connection with the 30-point pipeline processor hereabove. The input data point information is propagated through the input section of the pipeline to the flow points CC and DD in accordance with the signal flow pattern as shown in Tables 14A, 14B and 14C. The pattern of sequencing the switches SW1 through SW6 is additionally shown in these same Tables.

While the processing is conducted through the pipeline sequentially according to the clock pulses, it is understood that during each clock pulse interval the information at the various flow points is operated on in a parallel fashion primarily by the butterfly sections therein. The intermediate data point outputs from the input section of the 60-point pipeline processor are provided to points CC and DD starting at the clock pulse at time T41 and continues serially thereafter until the time T89. The asterisk appearing in the aforementioned Tables denotes insignificant data point information.

As in the case of the 30-point pipeline processor, the intermediate data points provided at CC are stored in the random access memories RAM's 11 and 12 and likewise, the data point information provided to flow point DD is stored in the RAM 21 and 22. It is understood that the intermediate data points 360R-419R and 360I-491I may be both derived and provided to the RAM's before the scrambling procedure takes place in the present embodiment. The sequential pattern of scrambling of the intermediate data points 360-419 may be programmed in the PROM's 1 and 2 for accessing the data from the appropriate RAM's in a predetermined serial order. It is further understood from the description provided hereabove for the scrambling process of the 30-point pipeline processor that the intermediate data points from the set 360-419 are selected such that when multiplied by the multiplication constants the resultant arrays are either all real or all imaginary. The order in which the intermediate data points are read from the RAM's and passed through the registers R26 and R27 to be operated on by the multiplication units MU1 and MU2, respectively to eventually appear at the flow points EE and FF is shown in the signal flow Tables of 15A, 15B and 15C.

                                  TABLE 15A__________________________________________________________________________         6Time   EE FF GG HH II JJ KK LL MM NN PP QQ RR SS TT UU VV WW XX YY__________________________________________________________________________145   420 424      544146   425 429      549147   430 434      554148   435 439      559149150151152153   440 444      564154   445 449      569155   450 454      574156   455 459      579157   460 464      584158   465 469      589159   470 474      594160   475 479      599161   422' 421    480       540          541162   427' 426    485       545          546             540                544                   544163   432' 431    490       550          551             545                549                   549164   437' 436    495       555          556             550                554                   554   604165   422         555                559                   559   609166   427                     614167   432                     619168   437169   442' 441    500       560          561170   447' 446    505       565          566             560                564                   564171   452' 451    510       570          571             565                569                   569172   457' 456    515       575          576             570                574                   574   624      624                                     604173   462' 461    520       580          581             575                579                   579   629      629                                     609174   467' 466    525       585          586             580                584                   584   634      634                                     614                                        684                                           664__________________________________________________________________________Time   ZZ ZZZ    AAA BBB           CCC              DDD SW16                      SW15                          SW14                              SW13                                  SW12                                      SW11                                          SW10                                              SW9 SW8 SW7__________________________________________________________________________145                                            1           2146                                            1           2147                                            1           2148                                            1           2149                                            1           2150                                            1           2151                                            1           2152                                            1           2153                                            1           2154                                            1           2155                                            1           2156                                            1           2157                                            1           2158                                            1           2159                                            1           2160                                            1           2161                                            2   1   1   1162                                        1   2   1   1   1163                                    2   1   2   1   1   1164                                1   2   1   2   1   1   1165                                1   2   1   2   1   1   1166                                1   2   1   2   1   1   1167                                1   2   1   2   1   1   1168                                1   2   1   2   1   1   1169                                1   2   1   2   1   1   1170                                1   2   1   2   1   1   1171                                1   2   1   2   1   1   1172                                2   2   1   2   1   1   1173                            1   2   2   1   2   1   1   1174                        1   1   2   2   1   2   1   1   1__________________________________________________________________________

                                  TABLE 15B__________________________________________________________________________Time   EE FF GG HH II JJ KK LL MM NN PP QQ RR SS TT UU VV  WW  XX__________________________________________________________________________175   472' 471    530       590          591             585                589                   589   639      639                                     619                                        689                                           669176   477' 476    535       595          596             590                594                   594   644      644   694                                           674177   423' 423    422'       542          543             595                599                   599   649      649   699                                           679178   428' 428    427'       547          548             542                541                   542                      540                         654      654   704                                           X  664 704  684179   433' 433    432'       552          553             547                546                   547                      545                         659      659   709                                           X  669 709  689180   438' 438    437'       557          558             552                551                   552                      550                         600                            602         714                                           X  674 714  694181   462 442         557                556                   557                      555                         605                            607         719                                           X  679 719  699182   467 447                     610                            612               X   X    664183   472 452                     615                            617               X   X    669184   477 457                                          X   X    674185   443' 443    442'       562          563                                 X   X    679186   448' 448    447'       567          568             562                561                   562                      560                  X187   453' 453    452'       572          573             567                566                   567                      565                  X188   458' 458    457'       577          578             572                571                   572                      570                         620                            622                               602                                  620                                     600   X189   463' 463    462'       582          583             577                576                   577                      575                         625                            627                               607                                  625                                     605   X190   468' 468    467'       587          588             582                581                   582                      580                         620                            632                               612                                  630                                     610                                        680                                           660                                              X   X191   473' 473    472'       592          593             587                586                   587                      585                         635                            637                               617                                  635                                     615                                        685                                           665                                              X   X192   478' 478    477'       597          598             592                591                   592                      590                         640                            642   640   690                                           670                                              X   X193               597                596                   597                      595                         645                            647   645   695                                           675                                              X   X194                  543                   543                      541                         650                            652   650   700                                           X  660 700  680195                  548                   548                      546                         655                            657   655   705                                           X  665 705  685196                  553                   553                      551                         601                            603                               622                                  622                                     602                                        710                                           X  670 710  690197                  558                   558                      556                         606                            608                               627                                  627                                     607                                        715                                           X  675 715  695198                           611                            613                               632                                  632                                     612                                        682                                           662                                              X   X    660199                           616                            618                               637                                  637                                     617                                        687                                           667                                              X   X    665200                                 642                                  642   692                                           672                                              X   X    670201                                 647                                  647   697                                           677                                              X   X    675202                  563                   563                      561      652                                  652   702                                           X  662 702  682203                  568                   568                      566      657                                  657   707                                           X  667 707  687204                  573                   573                      571                         621                            623                               603                                  621                                     601                                        712                                           X  672 712  692__________________________________________________________________________Time   YY ZZ ZZZ       AAA BBB              CCC                 DDD SW16                         SW15                             SW14                                 SW13                                     SW12                                         SW11                                             SW10                                                 SW9                                                    SW8                                                       SW7__________________________________________________________________________175                           1   1   2   2   1   2   1  1  1176                           1   1   2   2   1   2   1  1  1177                           1   2   2   2   1   2   3  2  1178                           2   2   2   2   2   2   3  2  1179                           2   2   2   1   2   2   3  2  1180   744 764                 1   2   2   1   1   2   2   3  2  1181   749 769                 1   2   1   1   1   2   2   3  2  1182   754 774    764       754 744       2   1   1   1   1   2   2   3  2  1183   759 779    769       759 749       2   1   1   1   1   2   2   3  2  1184   724 724    774       774 764       1   1   1   1   1   2   2   3  2  1185   729 729    779       779 769              804                 814 1   1   2   1   1   2   2   2  2  1186   734 734    724       734 724              809                 819 2   2   2   1   1   2   2   2  2  1187   739 739    729       739 729              824                 834 2   2   2   1   1   2   2   2  2  1188      734       734 724              829                 839 1   2   2   2   1   2   2   2  2  1189      739       739 729              784                 794 1   2   1   2   1   2   2   4  2  1190                789                 799 2   1   1   2   1   2   2   4  2  1191                784                 794 2   1   1   2   1   2   2   4  2  1192                789                 799 1   1   1   2   1   2   2   4  2  1193                       1   1   2   2   1   2194                       2   2   2   2   1   1195                       2   2   2   2   1   1196   740 760                 1   2   2   1   1   1197   745 765                 1   2   1   1   1   1198   750 770    760       750 740       2   1   1   1   1   1199   755 775    765       755 745       2   1   1   1   1   1200   720 720    770       770 760       1   1   1   1   1   1201   725 725    775       775 765              800                 810 1   1   2   1   1   1202   730 730    720       730 720              805                 815 2   2   2   1   1   1203   735 735    725       735 725              820                 830 2   2   2   1   1   1204   742 762    730       730 720              825                 835 1   2   2   2   1   1__________________________________________________________________________

                                  TABLE 15C__________________________________________________________________________Time   EE FF GG HH II JJ KK LL MM NN PP QQ RR SS TT UU VV WW XX YY__________________________________________________________________________205                  578                   578                      576                         626                            628                               608                                  626                                     606                                        717                                           X  677                                                 717    697                                                 747206                  583                   583                      581                         631                            633                               613                                  631                                     611                                        681                                           661                                              X  X      662                                                 752207                  588                   588                      586                         636                            638                               618                                  636                                     616                                        686                                           666                                              X  X      667                                                 757208                  593                   593                      591                         641                            643                               623                                  641   691                                           671                                              X  X      672                                                 722209                  598                   598                      596                         646                            648   646   696                                           676                                              X  X      677                                                 727210                        543                         651                            653   651   701                                           X  661                                                 701    681                                                 732211                           656                            658   656   706                                           X  666                                                 706    686                                                 737212                                 623                                  623                                     603                                        711                                           X  671                                                 711    691                                                 741213                                 628                                  628                                     608                                        716                                           X  676                                                 716    696                                                 746214                                 633                                  633                                     613                                        683                                           663                                              X  X      661                                                 751215                                 638                                  638                                     618                                        688                                           668                                              X  X      666                                                 756216                                 643                                  643   693                                           673                                              X  X      671                                                 721217                                 648                                  648   698                                           678                                              X  X      676                                                 726218                                 653                                  653   703                                           X  663                                                 703    683                                                 731219                                 658                                  658   708                                           X  668                                                 708    688                                                 736220                                          713                                           X  673                                                 713    693                                                 743221                                          718                                           X  678                                                 718    698                                                 748222                                                X  X      663                                                 753223                                                X  X      668                                                 758224                                                X  X      673                                                 723225                                                X  X      678                                                 728226                                                          733227                                                          738228229230231232__________________________________________________________________________Time   ZZ ZZZ AAA BBB CCC DDD SW16                         SW15                             SW14                                 SW13                                     SW12                                         SW11                                             SW10                                                 SW9                                                    SW8                                                       SW7__________________________________________________________________________205   767 735 735 725 780 790 1   2   1   2   1   1206   772 762 752 742 785 795 2   1   1   2   1   1207   777 767 757 747 780 790 2   1   1   2   1   1208   722 772 772 762 785 795 1   1   1   2   1   1209   727 777 777 767 802 812 1   1   2   2   1   1210   732 722 732 722 807 817 2   2   2   2   1   2211   737 727 737 727 822 832 2   2   2   2212   761 732 732 722 827 837 1   2   2   1213   766 737 737 727 782 792 1   2   1   1214   771 761 751 741 787 797 2   1   1   1215   776 766 756 746 782 792 2   1   1   1216   721 771 771 761 787 797 1   1   1   1217   726 776 776 766 801 811 1   1   2   1218   731 721 731 721 806 816 2   2   2   1219   736 729 736 726 821 831 2   2   2   1220   763 731 731 721 826 836 1   2   2221   768 736 736 726 781 791 1   2   1222   773 763 753 743 786 796 2   1   1223   778 768 758 748 781 791 2   1   1224   723 773 773 763 786 796 1   1   1225   728 778 778 768 803 813 1   1226   733 723 733 723 808 818 2227   738 728 738 728 823 833 2228   733 733 723 828 838 1229   738 738 728 783 793 1230               788 798 2231               783 793 2232               788 798__________________________________________________________________________

The relationship between the intermediate data points 360-419 and the intermediate data points 420-479 resulting from the multiplication operations is shown in the FIG. 11A hereabove. The PROM's 3 and 4 are programmed with the multiplication constants M1 through M60 and including the auxiliary multiplication constants in the order in which the intermediate data points are accessed from the RAM's.

The resultant data points from the set 420 through 479 begin appearing at the flow points EE and FF in their predesigned ordered pairs at the time T145 (see Table 15A). These ordered pairs continue to be serially provided to the flow points at EE and FF until the time T192. That portion of the 60-point pipeline processor embodiment from the flow points EE and FF until the flow points CCC and DDD constitute the data point information processing of the output section of the 60-point transform. The intermediate data point information provided at the flow points EE and FF serially is sequentially operated on by the various downstream butterfly sections through the clock pulse periods. However, during any one clock pulse period the information processing is conducted in a parallel fashion by all of the computing sections of the 60-point pipeline processor. Information begins to serially exit from the output flow points CCC and DDD of the pipeline starting at the clock pulse at time T185 and continues in ordered pairs during the subsequent clock pulses until the clock pulse at T232. The data point outputs denoted by 780 through 839 are representative of the output frequency harmonic array elements A0 through A59 in accordance with the relationship as shown in Table 10 hereabove.

It is understood that the set of output data points exited between the times T185 and until T232 are either all real or all imaginary as the case may be. In the subsequent clock pulse intervals the other set (real or imaginary) of the corresponding output frequency harmonic array elements are serially output at the points CCC and DDD in a similar order as the first set. The real and imaginary portions of each output frequency harmonic array element may be combined, where this is necessary, for additional information gathering purposes, in some known manner downstream of the pipeline processor points CCC and DDD. Also shown in the Tables 15A, 15B and 15C is the switching pattern of the switches SW7 through SW16. Details of the flow of signal information through the output section processing portion of the pipeline processor is shown comprehensively in the Tables 15A through 15C. Any questionable points in the operation of the 60-point pipeline processor embodiment may be cleared up by referring back to the more detailed description of the 30-pipeline processor provided hereinabove.

The mechanization of the 60-point pipeline processor embodiment may be constructed utilizing the same elemental electronic circuits as that described in connection with the 30-pipeline processor hereabove. It is understood that certain portions of memory may need to be increased two-fold because of the doubling of the number of data points being processed. However, this is a chore which is well known to anyone skilled in the pertinent art. It is further understood that while the multipoint pipeline processor has been described in connection with only a 30-point and 60-point pipeline processor, the principles of the invention may additionally include even higher order data point pipeline processors without deviating therefrom. Therefore, applicants' invention should not be limited to the embodiments as described hereabove, but rather be construed in connection with the breadth and broad scope of the claims heretofollow.