Neutron logging of formation porosity and chlorinity
阅读：347发布：2022-06-30
专利汇可以提供Neutron logging of formation porosity and chlorinity专利检索，专利查询，专利分析的服务。并且An embodiment of the invention shows a pulse neutron technique for measuring earth formation porosity. For example, the inelastic neutron scattering gamma radiation emitted from a formation in a broad energy range provides a measure of the porosity in a way that is free of formation fluid and matrix composition influences. Preferably, the inelastic scattering gamma rays characterizing this measurement are observed in a 10 microsecond interval that is initiated during an early part of each neutron pulse. The observed inelastic scattering gamma ray activity is normalized to compensate for variations in neutron source strength. The normalized data then is converted directly into a formation porosity output.，下面是Neutron logging of formation porosity and chlorinity专利的具体信息内容。
1. A system for observing earth formation properties comprising: means for irradiating the earth formation with a pulse of high energy neutrons; means for detecting over a broad energy band gamma radiation produced by the inelastic scattering of said neutrons by nuclei of the formation elements during an interval of 10 Mu sec or less in the early part of said neutron pulse and for producing an output signal in response thereto; and circuit means for converting said inelastic gamma ray output signal, according to a predetermined relationship relating such inelastic gamma radiation signals to the hydrogenous matter content of earth formations, to provide an output signal indicative of a characteristic of the formation Under observation.
2. A system according to claim 1 wherein said inelastic gamma radiation output signal producing means is responsive to inelastic gamma radiation over an energy band of from about 0.5 Mev to about 7.0 Mev.
3. A system according to claim 1 wherein said inelastic gamma radiation output signal producing means comprises a radiation detector spaced several inches from said neutron irradiating means.
4. A system according to claim 1 wherein said formation characteristic is porosity.
5. A system according to claim 1 wherein said circuit means comprises means for compensating said inelastic gamma radiation output signal for variations therein not related to the hydrogenous matter content of the formation.
6. A system according to claim 5 wherein said compensating means compensates said inelastic gamma radiation output signal for fluctuation in the output of said neutron irradiating means.
7. A system according to claim 6 wherein said compensating means comprises normalizing means for generating a signal that is related to the output of the neutron irradiating means in order to normalize said inelastic gamma ray signal.
8. A method for observing earth formation properties comprising the steps of: irradiating an earth formation with a pulse of high energy neutrons; observing over a wide energy band the gamma radiation produced by inelastic scattering of said neutrons by nuclei of the earth formation during an interval of not more than 10 Mu sec early in the neutron pulse and generating an output signal in response thereto; observing the gamma radiation produced by the capture of thermal neutrons during a period that commences about two thermal neutron decay times after the termination of said neutron pulse and generating an output signal in response thereto; normalizing said inelastic gamma radiation output signal in accordance with said observed thermal neutron radiation signal to provide a normalized inelastic gamma radiation signal representative of the hydrogenous matter content of the formation; and indicating a property of an earth formation characterized by said normalized signal.
9. A method according to claim 8 wherein said inelastic gamma radiation is observed over an energy band of from about 0.5 Mev to about 7.0 Mev.
10. A method according to claim 8 wherein said indicating step comprises converting said normalized inelastic gamma radiation signal, in accordance with a previously established relationship relating such inelastic gamma radiation signals to known values of formation porosity, to an output signal indicative of the porosity of the formation.
11. A system for computing hydrogenous and neutron properties in an earth formation which has been irradiated with pulses of high energy neutrons comprising: a source of signals that characterize the neutron induced gamma radiation activity over a broad energy band in the earth formation during at least the neutron pulses; circuit means for measuring that portion of said characterizing signals that generally reflect inelastic neutron scattering gamma rays produced during an early part of said neutron pulses and for generating output signals in response thereto; normalizing means for compensating said output signals for variations in the strength of said neutron pulses to provide signals that are more nearly indicative of the hydrogenous properties of the earth formation; and hydrogenous property computation means for converting said normalized signals into output signals that are directly related to the hydrogenous character of the earth formation.
12. A system according to claim 11 wherein: said circuit means further comprises means for measuring a portion of said characterizing signals that generally reflect thermal neutron capture gamma radiation and for generating output signals in response thereto; and said normalizing means responds to said thermal neutron gamma radiation outPut signals and to said inelastic gamma ray output signals for compensating said inelastic gamma ray output signals for variations in said neutron pulse strength.
13. A system according to claim 11 wherein said computation means includes means for generating an output that is directly related to the porosity of the earth formation.
14. A system for logging thermal neutron absorption and porosity characteristics of an earth formation penetrated by a borehole comprising: a housing for passage through the borehole; a neutron generator within said housing for producing pulses of high-energy neutrons to irradiate the earth formation; a gamma radiation detector within said housing and spaced from said generator for producing signals in response to a broad energy band of gamma radiation induced in the formation by said neutron pulses; circuit means responsive to selected detector signals for producing an output signal representative of inelastic neutron scattering gamma rays that occur following the initiation of each neutron pulse but before the influence of thermal neutron absorption gamma radiation becomes predominant; circuit means responsive to selected gamma radiation detector signals for producing signals that vary with the strength of the neutron generator; normalization circuit means responsive to said inelastic scattering gamma signals and said neutron generator strength signals for producing an inelastic scattering signal that has been compensated for neutron generator strength fluctuation; and further circuit means for converting said compensated signal into an output that is related to the earth formation porosity.
15. A method for observing earth formation properties comprising the steps of: irradiating an earth formation with pulses of high-energy neutrons; detecting over a wide energy band the gamma radiation produced by inelastic scattering of said neutrons by nuclei of the earth formation elements during the time interval commencing after the initiation of each neutron pulse and terminating before thermal neutron absorption gamma radiation becomes predominant and generating an output signal in response thereto; and converting said inelastic gamma radiation output signal, in accordance with a previously established relationship relating such inelastic gamma radiation signals to the hydrogenous matter content of earth formations, to an output signal indicative of a characteristic of the formation under observation.
16. A method according to claim 15 further comprising the step of normalizing said inelastic gamma radiation output signal for variations in the strength of said neutron pulses.
17. A method according to claim 15 wherein said inelastic gamma radiation is detected over an energy band of from about 0.5 Mev to about 7.0 Mev.
18. A method according to claim 15 wherein the time interval during which said inelastic scattering gamma radiation is detected is early in each neutron pulse and is of a duration not greater than 10 Mu sec.
19. A method for observing earth formation properties, comprising the steps of: repetitively irradiating an earth formation with pulses of high-energy neutrons; observing over a broad energy band the gamma radiation produced by inelastic scattering of said neutrons by nuclei of the earth formation during a first time interval commencing with or after the initiation of each neutron pulse and terminating before thermal neutron absorption gamma radiation becomes predominant and generating a signal representative thereof; observing radiation produced by the interaction of said neutrons with the formation nuclei during a second time interval commencing with or after the initiation of each neutron pulse and generating a signal in response thereto that is representative of the strength of the neutron pulses; and combining said inelastic gamma radiation signal and said neutron pulse strength signal to normalize said inelastic gamMa radiation signal for variations in the neutron pulse strength.
20. The method of claim 19 wherein said first time interval comprises the first 10 Mu sec or less of the neutron pulse.
21. The method of claim 19 wherein said second time interval commences after the termination of each neutron pulse and terminates prior to the initiation of the next successive neutron pulse.
22. The method of claim 19 wherein the radiation observed during said second time interval is predominantly gamma radiation resulting from the capture of thermal neutrons by formation nuclei.
23. The method of claim 19 wherein said second time interval is substantially coincident in time of occurrence and duration with the associated neutron pulse.
24. The method of claim 19 further comprising the steps of: deriving a measurement of a characteristic of the formation in response to neutron-induced radiation from the formation; controlling the time of occurrence and the duration of each neutron pulse as a function of said formation characteristic measurement; and controlling the time of occurrence and the duration of said second time interval as a function of said formation characteristic measurement.
25. A system for observing earth formation properties, comprising: means for repetitively irradiating an earth formation with pulses of high-energy neutrons; means responsive over a broad energy band for measuring the gamma radiation produced by inelastic scattering of said neutrons by nuclei of the earth formation during a first time interval commencing with or after the initiation of each neutron pulse and terminating before thermal neutron gamma radiation become predominant and for generating a signal representative thereof; means responsive to radiation produced by the interaction of said neutrons with formation nuclei during a second time interval commencing with or after the initiation of each neutron pulse and for generating a signal in response thereto that is representative of the strength of the neutron pulses; and means for combining said gamma radiation measurement signal and said neutron pulse strength signal to normalize said gamma radiation measurement signal for variations in the neutron pulse strength.
26. The system of claim 25 wherein said second time interval commences after the termination of each neutron pulse and terminates prior to the initiation of the next successive neutron pulse.
27. The system of claim 25 wherein said second time interval is substantially coincident in time of occurrence and duration with the associated neutron pulse.
28. The system of claim 25 further comprising: means responsive to neutron-induced radiation from the formation for deriving a measurement of a characteristic of the formation; means for controlling the time of occurrence and duration of each neutron pulse as a function of said formation characteristic measurement; and means for controlling the time of occurrence and the duration of said second time interval as a function of said formation characteristic measurement.
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