1. A CODE CONVERTER FOR CONVERTING AN M-OUT-OF-N CODE CONSISTING OF A FIRST PLURALITY OF CODE GROUPS EACH CONTAINING BINARY CODE ELEMENTS INTO A P-OUT-OF-Q CODE CONSISTING OF A SECOND PLURALITY OF CODE GROUPS EACH CONTAINING BINARY CODE ELEMENTS, NEITHER M NOR P BEING 1, COMPRISING: A PLURALITY OF TWO-POSITION CONTACTS EQUAL IN NUMBER TO THE CODE ELEMENTS IN EACH OF THE FIRST PLURALITY OF CODE GROUPS, EACH POSITION OF SAID CONTACTS CORRESPONDING TO ONE VALUE OF A BINARY CODE ELEMENT, EACH CONTACT HAVING TWO OUTPUTS, A PLURALITY OF BINARY MEMORY ELEMENTS, EACH MEMORY ELEMENT BEING ASSOCIATED WITH A CODE GROUP OF SAID FIRST PLURALITY AND A CORRESPONDING CODE GROUP OF SAID SECOND PLURALITY, MEANS FOR SELECTIVELY COUPLING THE OUTPUTS OF SAID CONTACTS TO SAID MEMORY ELEMENTS, SAID OUTPUTS FOR A SELECTED CODE GROUP BEING COUPLED TO INPUTS OF SAID MEMORY ELEMENTS IN A MANNER SUCH THAT THE MEMORY ELEMENT CORRESPONDING TO SAID SELECTED CODE GROUP IS NOT COUPLED TO ANY OF SAID OUTPUTS AND AT LEAST ONE INPUT OF EACH OF THE OTHER