Two-phase engine |
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| 申请号 | US42475873 | 申请日 | 1973-12-14 | 公开(公告)号 | US3879949A | 公开(公告)日 | 1975-04-29 |
| 申请人 | BIPHASE ENGINES INC; | 发明人 | HAYS LANCE G; ELLIOTT DAVID G; | ||||
| 摘要 | A two-phase power source comprises a rotor; a nozzle having an outlet directed to discharge a two-phase jet for impingement on the rotor to rotate same, the nozzle having means to subdivide flow therein; and means to supply a heated first fluid in liquid state to the nozzle for subdivided flow therein toward said outlet and to supply a second and vaporizable fluid in liquid state to the nozzle to receive heat from the first fluid therein causing the second fluid to vaporize in the nozzle and mix with the first fluid in essentially liquid state to produce said discharging jet. | ||||||
| 权利要求 | 1. In a two-phase power source, the combination comprising a. a wheel providing a moving peripheral surface, b. a nozzle having an outlet directed to discharge a two-phase jet for tangential impingement on said surface to freely rotate the wheel, the nozzle having means to subdivide flow therein, c. means to supply a heated first fluid in liquid state to the nozzle for subdivided flow therein toward said outlet and to supply a second and vaporizable fluid in liquid state to the nozzle to receive heat from the first fluid therein causing the second fluid to vaporize in the nozzle and mix with the first fluid in essentially liquid state to produce said discharging jet, d. said surface enabling separation of the fluid gas and liquid phases with low friction, transforming the flow momentum from a low value at the nozzle exit to a high value in the liquid phase, e. means to capture first fluid which has separated from the second fluid and has acted to impart rotation to the wheel, with essentially no power transfer to the wheel, f. and means to convert the added momentum of the captured fluid to mechanical or hydraulic power. 2. The combination of claim 1 including a second wheel having a periphery extending in proximity with the periphery of the first wheel whereby the two wheels define a gap therebetween to receive the jet, and means supporting both wheels for simultaneous rotation in response to tangential impingement of the jet on the wheel peripheries defining said gap. 3. The combination of claiM 1 wherein said periphery faces toward the wheel axis. 4. The combination of claim 1 wherein said means to capture first fluid comprises a diffuser, and including a fluid motor connected to be driven by fluid captured by the diffuser. 5. The combination of claim 1 wherein the nozzle is defined by parts that are relatively movable to vary the nozzle throat area while enabling the pressure ratio, area ratio, exit velocity and droplet trajectories to remain nearly constant. 6. In a two-phase power source, the combination comprising a. separator and turbine rotors, b. a nozzle having an outlet directed to discharge a two-phase jet for impingement on the separator rotor to rotate same, the separator rotor defining an annular zone for liquid retention, and c. means to supply a first fluid in liquid state to the nozzle for flow therein to the outlet, and to supply a second fluid in the form of hot products of combustion to the nozzle to mix with the first fluid in essentially liquid state to produce said discharging jet, d. the turbine rotor having peripheral communication with said zone. 7. The combination of claim 6 wherein said last named means includes a combuster receiving compressed air and fuel for combusting the fuel to produce said second fluid. 8. The combination of claim 6 including a load driven by the turbine rotor. 9. In a two-phase power source, the combination comprising a. a rotary separator, b. a nozzle having an outlet directed to discharge a two-phase jet for impingement on the rotary separator to rotate same freely, the nozzle having means to subdivide flow therein, c. means to supply a heated first fluid in liquid state to the nozzle for subdivided flow therein toward said outlet and to supply a second and vaporizable fluid in liquid state to the nozzle to receive heat from the first fluid therein causing the second fluid to vaporize in the nozzle and mix with the first fluid in essentially liquid state to produce said discharging jet, d. said rotary separator defining an annular zone in which first fluid that acts to impart free rotation to the rotary separator is centrifugally received, e. a turbine rotor, and f. means to recover liquid from said zone and deliver said liquid to the turbine rotor. 10. The combination of claim 9 wherein the turbine rotor extends coaxially with said rotary separator and defines generally radially extending flow passage means for reception of said liquid. 11. The combination of claim 9 wherein the turbine rotor has generally radially extending passages with peripheral inlets rotating within an annular liquid receiving chamber defined by said rotary separator and communicating with said zone. 12. The combination of claim 11 wherein said passages define diffuser regions in which the velocity of the entering liquid is partially converted to pressure. 13. The combination of claim 11 including means to return the liquid received in said passages to the nozzle. 14. The combination of claim 12 including a casing for said rotary separator and turbine rotor, and within which leakage liquid collects in a casing drain zone, and including means on the rotary separator movable through said drain zone for recovering the collected liquid and for redirecting same back into the jet. 15. The combination of claim 11 including flow splitters on turbine rotor extents proximate said passage inlets for dividing the flow tending to impinge on said turbine rotor extents, whereby the divided flow may travel relatively toward wake regions behind said inlets. 16. The combination of claim 12 wherein the turbine rotor has movable walls adjacent said diffuser regions for varying the areas of said inlets. 17. The combination of claim 9 wherein said last named means includes another nozzle to receive the first and second fluids with the second fluid in vaporized and pressurized state, the second fluid expanding to lesser pressure in said other nozzle, and a vapor-liquid separator receiving the first and second fluid discharging from said other nozzle for separating the expanded vapor from the first fluid. 18. The combination of claim 17 wherein said means includes a first path for first fluid recirculation from the separator to the first nozzle and a second path for second fluid recirculation from the separator to the first nozzle, a heater to heat first fluid flowing in said first path and a diffuser to receive first fluid from the separator and to recover kinetic energy thereof as pressure sufficient to return the first fluid to the heater. |
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