子分类：
| 序号 | 专利名 | 申请号 | 申请日 | 公开（公告）号 | 公开（公告）日 | 发明人 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 241 | Compressed gas storage tank utilizing rock-bed cavity | US10168977 | 2002-06-26 | US06637977B2 | 2003-10-28 | Masao Hayashi; Hiroyuki Nishimura |
| A compressed gas storage tank 10 utilizes a rock-bed cavity 11 in which a bentonite slurry is fed into an underground cavity 11 formed in a rock-bed, a forcibly fed compressed gas is stored in the rock-bed cavity in a state in which the compressed gas is loaded with a pressure load of the bentonite slurry from the underside of the compressed gas, the bentonite slurry in the rock-bed cavity 11 is of a dual layer structure consisting of an upper layer composed of a light bentonite slurry 30 mixed with a filling-up material invading into and filling up a void and a crack formed in an inner wall surface of the rock-bed cavity and a lower layer composed of a heavy bentonite slurry 13 mixed with a high specific gravity fine powder as a load condition material. The filling-up effect of the bentonite slurry secures sufficient liquid-tightness and air-tightness in the ceiling part of the rock-bed cavity, making it possible to efficiently and economically store compressed gases such as compressed air or natural gas without allowing them to escape. | ||||||
| 242 | Sulfur storage system | US10372500 | 2003-02-24 | US20030132659A1 | 2003-07-17 | Roy Anthony Pickren |
| A system is provided for the storage and long-term conservation of commercially produced sulfur. An underground cavity is identified and selected from an earth formation such that its permeability and porosity allow sulfur to be retained within the cavity. A lined impervious borehole that penetrates the cavity from the surface of the earth through the formation and means for injecting the sulfur through the borehole are provided. Solution-mined, salt-enclosed cavities, located at less than about 3,000 feet of depth are preferred. The stored sulfur is withdrawn, when desired, through a pipe arrangement provided with means for injecting pressurized hot water, at 280null-320null F., through a first annular space, created within the same borehole, and pressurized air through a second annular space so as to cause the sulfur within the cavity to melt and rise to the surface of the earth through a centric space within the borehole. | ||||||
| 243 | Installation for storing of natural gas | US09726069 | 2000-11-29 | US06368018B2 | 2002-04-09 | Jan Hugo Johansson |
| An installation for storing of natural gas or some other fluid comprises a lined underground storage space. Inside the rock wall of the storage space, there is a concrete layer for supporting an inner impermeable lining layer. According to the invention, the concrete layer has a crack distribution control reinforcement layer closer to the impermeable lining layer than to the rock wall in order to divide large cracks in to smaller cracks and to distribute the cracks over a larger area of the impermeable lining layer. Also according to the invention, there is provided between the impermeable lining layer and the concrete layer a non-binding sliding layer to facilitate relative movements between the impermeable lining layer and the concrete layer. | ||||||
| 244 | System for pumping liquids having a low specific gravity from a subterranean storage cavern | US09390256 | 1999-09-03 | US06290430B1 | 2001-09-18 | Kevin T. Scarsdale |
| A system and method for producing a low specific gravity liquid from underground storage. The system includes a subterranean cavern and a sump in fluid communication with a floor of the cavern. A bottom intake ESP system is deployed to draw liquid from the sump to fully drain the cavern without vaporizing the liquid at the pump intake. | ||||||
| 245 | Process for reducing hydrocarbon leakage from a subterranean storage cavern | US859869 | 1997-05-21 | US5842519A | 1998-12-01 | Robert D. Sydansk |
| A process is provided for reducing fluid leakage from or into a subterranean storage cavern through the earthen wall of the storage cavern by sealing a relatively high permeability region of the earthen wall, through which the leakage occurs, with a sealing composition in the form of a gel. The process is initiated by preparing a gelation solution from a crosslinkable polymer, a crosslinking agent, and an aqueous solvent. The gelation solution is dispensed into the storage cavern and substantially gelled at the relatively high permeability region, forming a gel that reduces the permeability of the relatively high permeability region and effectively seals the region to fluid flow therethrough. Alternatively, the gelation solution is placed at the relatively high permeability region of the subterranean storage cavern by injecting the gelation solution into an injection well in fluid communication with the relatively high permeability region. The gelation solution is substantially gelled at the relatively high permeability region, forming the permeability-reducing gel. Either of the above-recited alternatives can also be practiced by substantially gelling the gelation solution prior to placement at the relatively high permeability region and placing the resulting flowing gel at the relatively high permeability region. | ||||||
| 246 | Method for recycling carbon dioxide for enhancing plant growth | US515106 | 1995-08-14 | US5682709A | 1997-11-04 | Stewart E. Erickson |
| A method of recycling carbon dioxide for enhancing plant growth. The method comprising the steps of collecting carbon dioxide-containing gas, depositing the carbon dioxide-containing gas into an underground void which is substantially free of methane, storing the carbon dioxide-containing gas in the underground void until it cools to a less than ambient daytime temperature, and distributing the stored carbon dioxide-containing gas to plants within a contiguous tract of plants under field conditions. | ||||||
| 247 | Safety valves and control apparatus for underground storage facilities | US315814 | 1989-02-27 | US4949749A | 1990-08-21 | Joe R. Fowler; Robert J. Pirkle, Jr. |
| Safety valves and control apparatus for generally inaccessible fluid storage facilities wherein a closure mechanism may be attached to an access conduit at an accessible control location and inserted with the conduit into the storage facilities, which closure mechanism may be actuated by control mechanism from the accessible control location to open or close the access conduit at the remote storage facilities to permit or interrupt fluid flow, respectively. In an underground storage reservoir with access facilities including an outer casing and an inner conduit, separate closure mechanisms may be attached to the inner conduit and inserted therewith along and within the casing to the reservoir, and may be actuated independently to open or close the annulus between the outer casing and inner conduit, and the inner conduit, to thereby control fluid flow in either or both, as desired. | ||||||
| 248 | Method of confining wastes underground in a cavity leached out of salt | US282798 | 1988-12-12 | US4919822A | 1990-04-24 | Alain Boulanger |
| A method of geologically confining toxic industrial waste, the method consisting of: using a cavity (1) previously leached from a mass of rock salt (2), the cavity being initially filled with brine (5); incorporating the waste in a pumpable waste-containing mixture (10) of density greater than the density of the brine and suitable for setting once put into place; inserting a predetermined quantity of a buffer liquid (7) into the bottom of the cavity by means of a dip tube (8) positioned in a well (4) and in communication with the surface (3), the buffer liquid being immiscible both with the brine and with the waste-containing mixture, the density of the buffer liquid lying between the density of the brine and the density of the waste-containing mixture, and the buffer liquid including one or more halogen-containing solvents; inserting the waste-containing mixture into the cavity by the means of the dip tube while the bottom end of the dip tube is maintained within the previously inserted buffer liquid; and removing the brine at the surface as it is displaced by the waste-containing mixture being inserted into the cavity. | ||||||
| 249 | Method for conducting a fluid into a rock cistern | US118204 | 1987-11-06 | US4827992A | 1989-05-09 | Esa Morsky; Risto Penttinen |
| A method for conducting, into a rock cistern, gas or liquid which is colder than the rock cistern temperature. In this procedure, gas or liquid is fed through a feeder pipe into a gas space of the rock cistern, through a feeder pipe construction for conducting gas or liquid into the gas space of the rock cistern. The feeder pipe of the rock cistern is enclosed within a protective tube or housing. A tubular connector extends from the gas space of the rock cistern into an intermediate space formed between the feeder pipe and the protective tube or housing, for circulating saturated gas present in the gas space of the rock cistern between the gas sapce of the rock cistern and the intermediate space, in a preferred embodiment. | ||||||
| 250 | Safety device for a filling tube of an underground facility for storing liquefied gas under pressure | US896048 | 1986-08-13 | US4732508A | 1988-03-22 | Georges Berezoutzky |
| A safety device for a tube (8) for inserting or removing a liquid substance for storage in a storage facility in a cavity in a water-impregnated rock mass, said liquid being the liquid phase of a substance which is a gas at ordinary temperature, which liquefies under pressure, which has a density which is less than the density of water and which is immiscible with water, said liquefied gas being stored in said cavity under the liquid-gas equilibrium pressure applicable to the ambient temperature in the cavity, the safety device being constituted by a can (9) which is open at the top and which is disposed around the bottom end (81) of the tube to which it is applicable such that the bottom opening of the tube (8) is located near to the bottom of the can, the volume of the can being greater than the volume of the tube up to a height corresponding to the head of water necessary for reaching an equilibrium pressure with the cavity. | ||||||
| 251 | Underground liquid storage system and method | US808903 | 1985-12-13 | US4626131A | 1986-12-02 | David N. Glew; John S. McIntyre; Jeffrey F. Gilbert, deceased |
| A storage system and method for storing a valuable liquid in a subterranean cavity with a displacing liquid such as brine. The valuable liquid, which normally has a density above or about that of the displacing liquid, is modified by dissolving therein small amounts of a light fluid such as alkanes and alkenes of up to 4 carbon atoms, hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon monoxide or combinations thereof. The amount of the light fluid dissolved in the stored liquid is sufficient to maintain the density of this phase below that of the displacing liquid so that the valuable liquid is stored over the displacing liquid. | ||||||
| 252 | Process and device for blocking a well opening out in the ceiling of an underground cavity for low temperature storage | US698756 | 1985-02-07 | US4580924A | 1986-04-08 | Alain Boulanger; Walter G. M. M. Luyten |
| To block the mouth of a well (1) opening out in the ceiling of an underground cavity (2), a part (4) in the shape of a keystone is used, which has a hole through the middle for the passage of pipes (31, 32), suitable cements are then poured in to make the whole system integral, and the well is filled. | ||||||
| 253 | Constant-pressure air-storage cavern with hydralic pressure compensation for air-storage gas turbine power stations | US417635 | 1982-09-13 | US4454721A | 1984-06-19 | Reinhard Hurlimann; Paul Zaugg |
| A constant-pressure air-storage cavern wherein the floor and the roof of the cavern are inclined at an acute angle with respect to the horizontal and the transition portion from the cavern into the air riser and into the water tunnel is expanded to form a dome and a sump, respectively. In the sump a vortex generator is provided. | ||||||
| 254 | Method of covering the sump of underground cavities | US269736 | 1981-06-02 | US4403887A | 1983-09-13 | Karl Gloria; Alexander-Barbu Costinescu-Tataranu; Wilhelm Schuster; Jurgen Wittekind |
| A method of covering the sump of underground cavities which serve to store gaseous or liquid non-aqueous substances. The sump is covered with a layer of highly viscous crude oil which is at least 1 cm, and preferably 20 to 50 cm, thick. The crude oil contains not more than 7% hydrocarbons having up to 5 C atoms in a molecule thereof. The crude oil has a specific gravity of 20.degree. C. of at most 1.2 g/cm.sup.3. | ||||||
| 255 | System for the storage of petroleum products and other fluids in a rock | US13423 | 1979-02-21 | US4363563A | 1982-12-14 | Tore J. Hallenius; Karl I. Sagefors |
| A system for the underground storage of fluids, e.g. petroleum products in rock. The system comprises a plurality of cavities excavated in the rock. Each of said cavities has a cylindrical shape with a circular or oval cross-section. Each cavity forms a storage space the walls of which are formed by the rock and directly absorb the pressure of the fluid stored in the cavity. The cavities are arranged with their center axes standing vertically, and the vertical height of each cavity is greater than or equal to the diameter of its cross-section. The distance from each cavity to adjacent cavities is equal to or greater than the diameter of the cross-section of the cavity, and the centers of the cross-sections of the cavities as seen in a horizontal cross-section of the whole system are positioned in a two-dimensional pattern. | ||||||
| 256 | Lined cavity in the earth | US942592 | 1978-09-15 | US4239416A | 1980-12-16 | Bruno Borca; Emilio Ruscelli |
| A cavity in the earth such as a reservoir, tunnel or the like is lined with a flexible, fluid impervious sheet such as a rubberized fabric supported by a grid-like skeleton structure having distorted elongated resilient structural members which are under tension and press the liner against the walls of the cavity. The members of the skeleton structure are made of a material which resists permanent distortion. The liner is disposed between the skeleton structures and the wall of the cavity and is fastened at spaced points to the wall of the cavity. | ||||||
| 257 | Compressed-air storage installation | US852488 | 1977-11-17 | US4147204A | 1979-04-03 | Hans Pfenninger |
| A compressed-air storage installation comprising a heat accumulator for storing heat contained in compressed air and the air is passed into subterranean caverns. The heat accumulator has partitions therein which are provided between a storage medium. The partitions form a number of air passages through which the hot compressed air entering at the central region of the heat accumulator flows in an essentially outward direction, thereby cools and flows on into the cavern.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIONThe present invention relates to a new and improved construction of a compressed-air storage installation having a heat accumulator for storing heat contained in compressed air, with the compressed air being passed into subterranean caverns.It is already known to employ compressed air instead of liquids as a storage medium for storing energy. The state-of-the-art compressed-air storage installations store compressed air at times of low load and utilize it at times of peak load to generate additional peak load energy.With these known installations, in order to increase the stored energy while the air is expanding, the air is heated by combustion of liquid or gaseous fuels before entering an expansion turbine.Compared with hydraulic pump storage stations, this technique has the disadvantage that additional energy in the form of a fuel is required for the storage of energy.It has also been proposed not cooling the air during the compression process, in order to thereby obtain as high as possible compressor discharge temperature, and that the compressed air then should be passed into a heat accumulator which removes heat from the air. After the heat is removed, the cold air then can be stored in a compressed-air store. Before the air expands in the gas turbine it is heated in the same heat accumulator in the reverse flow direction.Since the air usually has a pressure of 30 to 60 bar in these known installations, the outlay for storage above ground is too great and too expensive. It is for this reason that there are presently used subterranean caverns for storing air. Upon leaving the compressor the air which is to be stored has a temperature of about 300.degree. C to 500.degree. C. The rock strata forming the cavern will not withstand such temperatures, and even a lining of rock of relatively high heat resistance would be costly to maintain, especially since additional temperature fluctuations occur in the heat accumulator during such time as the storage cavern is being charged and discharged.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONTherefore, with the foregoing in mind it is a primary object of the present invention to provide an improved compressed-air storage installation which is not associated with the aforementioned drawbacks and limitations of the prior art proposals.Another and more specific object of the present invention aims at creating a compressed-air storage installation with heat accumulator which is operated without additional fuel and which is simple and cheap to construct and arranged such that no high temperatures and temperature fluctuations occur in the rock wall.Now in order to implement these and still further objects of the invention, which will become more readily apparent as the description proceeds, the compressed-air storage installation of the present development is manifested by the features that partitions are provided within the heat accumulator between a storage medium, in particular stones. These partitions or partition members form a number of air passages through which the hot compressed air entering at the center or central region of the heat accumulator flows in an essentially outward direction, thereby cools and flows on into the cavern.One important advantage of the present invention resides in the fact that the partition walls or parititions between the storage medium, in particular between stones, are so arranged that the incoming air is forced to flow through the storage medium in an outward direction and gives up its heat to the medium.According to another advantageous construction of the invention, the air passages are arranged in such a manner that a rock wall serves as the outer bounding surface of the last passage.The consequence of this arrangement is that the air flowing around the partition walls or partitions has given up the heat contained in it to the storage medium by the time it reaches the rock wall, and hence the rock wall remains relatively cool, i.e., attains a maximum temperature of 40.degree. C to 80.degree. C. Due to these measures, there is avoided crumbling of the rock wall due to the thermal effects, and thus, there is ensured that the underground chamber of the heat accumulator retains its freedom from leaks, in other words remains leak-tight.Furthermore, it is advantageous if the partition walls are formed of sheet metal and are thermally insulated at places having large temperature gradients or differences between the individual air passages.It has proved to be of special benefit if the aforementioned partition walls are provided with thermal insulation at places with large temperature differences, in particular at the hot air inlet into the heat accumulator and also opposite the outlet from the heat accumulator to the cavern.According to another construction of the invention there are provided artificially calcined and hardened stones as the storage medium.Through the use of artificially calcined and hardened stones as a storage medium it is possible to fill the interior of the heat accumulator with uniform interstices allowing the passage of air, because the artificially calcined and hardened stones can be shaped according to requirements.It has been found to be especially beneficial if in the heat accumulator of the invention the minimum ratio of the accumulator length to the accumulator diameter is about 2:1.It is furthermore advantageous if there is provided between an air inlet pipe and the rock wall surrounding the same a gap in which, by means of natural air circulation, the heat passing through the thermal insulation can be removed to the outside.This avoids heating of the rock outside the central, hot air inlet pipe, and the occurrence of thermal stresses in the rock. | ||||||
| 258 | Underwater storage assembly | US718981 | 1976-08-30 | US4141377A | 1979-02-27 | Ramon J. Fernandez; John S. Kahl |
| An underwater storage assembly comprising a plurality of tanks secured on a skid is described. The tanks are each divided into two compartments by flexible membranes secured to the inner walls of the tanks. One compartment has an open passage to the surrounding seawater while the second compartment is fluid-tight and expands as a fluid, petroleum, is pumped into it. The tanks are elevated at one end to enable fluid to be stored and discharged more easily. | ||||||
| 259 | Underground storage | US797211 | 1977-05-16 | US4117684A | 1978-10-03 | Hurshel V. Hendrix |
| A method is provided for preventing the accidental discharge of hydrocarbon from an underground storage cavern by the use of a pressure-sensing element connected in a brine discharge tube near or above the ground with the pressure-sensing element being operable for providing a signal which is proportional to the pressure in the tubing. The signal is transmitted to a valve which closes when a predetermined pressure level is obtained, thereby preventing further flow of liquid through the discharge tubing. | ||||||
| 260 | Method of covering the bottom surface in a gas cavern | US719890 | 1976-09-02 | US4109471A | 1978-08-29 | Franz X. Sebald; Hans-Dieter Hagemann |
| Method for depositing a layer or carpet of bitumen in an underground cavern which has a water sump layer in the bottom, and which is used for storing gaseous hydrocarbons, whereby the deposited bitumen carpet minimizes the vaporization of the cavern water into the stored gaseous hydrocarbon. | ||||||
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