Gegenstand der Erfindung ist ein Verfahren zur Verfestigung und/oder Abdichtung lockerer geologischer Formationen im Zuge von geotechnischen Baumaßnahmen. Insbesondere wird das betreffende Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Tunnel- und/oder Schlitzwand eingesetzt. Dabei wird ein im Wesentlichen aus einer Tonmineralsuspension und einem Porenfüllstoff bestehendes Stützmedium einem Arbeitsbereich (6) zugeführt. Erfindungsgemäß wird der Tonmineralsuspension als Porenfüllstoff ein quellfähiges lösliches Tonmineralgranulat hinzugefügt.

The present invention relates to a method for determining the quantity and/or the composition of an additive and its recipe to the encountered soil and ground water condition of an "Earth Pressure Balanced Machines" (EPBM) characterized in that it comprises at least the following steps of :

- taking at least one sample of the encountered soil,

- mixing the sample with water and/ or with at least one additive to obtain a paste,

- measuring at least one rheological property of said paste, and

- comparing the measured value with predetermined reference values prestored in a database.

In another embodiment, the invention relates to a device for determining the quantity and/or the composition of an additive and its recipe to the encountered soil and ground water condition of an "Earth Pressure Balanced Machines" (EPBM) characterized in that it comprises at least one chamber called reactor including means to introduce a sample of encountered soil into said reactor, means to introduce water and/or at least one additive into reactor, means for mixing to obtain a paste, and means to measure at least one rheological property of said paste.

A natural ground reinforcing construction method applied in excavation of for example a tunnel or cavern, characterized in that a ring bit (20) having a drilling function is provided at a tip end of a pipe (11) made of fiber reinforced resin, a drill rod (22) having a base end portion mounted to a rock drill (10) and having a drill bit (22a) mounted at its tip end is stored in the pipe, the bit is detachably mounted directly or indirectly to the pipe, drilling is performed into natural ground in a prescribed position at the outer periphery of the stall and/or the face in excavation of a tunnel or the like while sequentially supplying and connecting the pipes (11) and the drill rods (22), as the drill bit advances, the pipe engaged with the bit is drawn, propelled and placed into the natural ground to be laid as a reinforcing pipe in a prescribed position in the natural ground, upon or after placing the pipe, the drill rod is pulled out and retracted and then a solidifying material is injected into the surrounding natural ground through the pipe to reinforce the natural ground. In this way, the natural ground can be reinforced well without expanding the width of the tunnel cross section.

The subject of the present invention is to bore a large-section tunnel safely and quickly by reinforcing and improving in advance the ground over the full length of the tunnel section.

A top drift (2) is bored through the full length of the tunnel (1) section, then curved holes are drilled at preset intervals from the top drift (2) along the peripheral edges of the sections of the tunnel (1) by using rock drills and curved steel pipes (3), the steel pipes (3) are pulled off after injection pipes are inserted into the drilled holes, grout is injected into the ground surrounding the tunnel through the injection pipes to develop artificial ground arches (4), then the tunnel (1) is excavated, suspension forms (6) are advanced and concrete is placed for secondary lining, whereby the tunnel is bored.

Rohrvorpresseinrichtungen weisen im allgemeinen eine Einrichtung zum Ausheben und Abfördern von Haufwerk zum Herstellen eines kombiniert in offener Bauweise und von einer Pressgrube aus im Rohrvorpressverfahren hergestellten, aus Rohrschüssen bestehenden Rohrstranges für Stollen oder Tunnel auf. Unterhalb eines verbauten oder nicht verbauten Grabens (3) schließt sich der Rohrstrang an, wobei die Rohrvorpresseinrichtung einen Schneidkopf (2) aufweist, der vom sich anschließenden Nachlaufrohr (1) abgeschottet ist, und in dessen oberem Mantelteil eine Aushuböffnung (10) vorgesehen ist, durch die das vom Schneidkopf (2) angeschnittene Material (13) mit einem Aushubgerät aushebbar und von diesem einem Transportsystem (15) übergebbar ist. Zur Verbesserung des technischen Aufwandes und zur Erhöhung der Wirtschaftlichkeit ist im oberen Mantelteil des Schneidkopfes (2) im Anschluss an die Aushuböffnung (10) oder im ersten Nachlaufrohr (1) eine schließbar ausgebildete Einfüllöffnung (14) für das mit dem Aushubgerät aus dem Schneidkopf (2) ausgehobene Material zur Übergabe an das innerhalb des Rohrstranges geführte und bis in die Pressgrube (5) reichenden Transportsystem (15) vorgesehen ist, wobei der Einfüllöffnung (14) ein zusätzliches, durch eine abgekapselte Öffnung (18) in der Schottwand (11) reichendes Transportmittel (17, 19) nachschaltbar ist.

This invention concerns a multiple head drilling unit for loose soil drills characterised in that its drilling heads are mounted parallel and close to each other on a common sliding trolley on a single rail.

A wall (43) is built in the ground (2) by pulling a wall building device (30) having cross-sectional dimensions which are substantially equal to the dimensions of at least a part of the cross-section of the wall through the ground, at least a part of the wall being formed by injecting a hardenable material behind the wall building device. A tunnel is made by first making a tunnel wall, leaving the ground inside the tunnel wall substantially intact, followed by excavating the ground inside the tunnel wall.

In a tunnel lining method an apparatus (20), comprising at least one excavation tool (25) of the chain, belt or band type or the like, is positioned to coincide with the longitudinal axis of the tunnel at a point on its extrados; the tool (25) is made to advance to a predetermined depth in a direction diverging from the tunnel axis so as to create a substantially rectangular cavity (34) from which the tool (25) is withdrawn; said cavity (34) is then filled with concrete to form a cast segment; the aforesaid stages are repeated until a frusto-conical section formed from adjacent cast segments is completed, after which the material within the formed section is excavated to a depth less than the axial length of the section, and the apparatus is advanced through a distance substantially equal to the axial length of the cast segments, the stages being repeated to form each successive section in order to form a lining in which the wider final portion of one section is superposed on the narrower initial portion of the next section; during the execution of one section of cast segments a second tool (29) associated with said first tool (25) executes consolidation/tamping injections with concrete or the like into the region which is to constitute said next section.

The method for boring a tunnel consists in placing an excavation tool (6) at a point of the extrados of the tunnel and in excavating a cavity (13) by imparting the tool an advancement movement having divergent direction with respect to the axis (A) of the tunnel. While the cavity is being filled with concrete, a further cavity is excavated in another point of the extrados and is then also filled with concrete. These operations are repeated until a plurality of voussoirs (14) is obtained which are arranged adjacent to one another along the extrados and give rise to a frustum-­shaped vault (15). The soil inside the vault is then excavated for a depth which is smaller than the axial extension of the vault itself, and a subsequent vault (15′) is formed having a narrower initial portion internal to the wider terminal portion of the previously executed vault (15).

- Technique de creusement par bouclier pressurisé.

- Le procédé de soutènement d'un front de taille d'un terrain consiste à injecter la boue en aval du front de taille (T) dans le sens de progression du bouclier, en traversant l'outil de taille (8), pour former, préalablement et/ou simultanément à l'attaque de l'outil, un cake (C) de blocage et d'étanchement du front de taille qui subsiste continuellement après le passage de l'outil en vue d'assurer un blocage et un étanchement continus du front de taille stabilisé par l'air comprimé.

- Application au creusement d'un tunnel.

Il s'agit d'une machine de havage du genre comportant, pour l'exécution d'une saignée courbe (20) dans un front de taille (11), un guide (23) cintré en voûte au profil de la saignée (20) à exécuter, et un chariot (25) qui, monté mobile sur ce guide (23), est propre au support d'une tête de havage (26).

Suivant l'invention, le guide (23) est incliné, et, pour son engagement avec lui, le chariot (25) comporte, de manière distincte, d'une part, deux sabots (39), qui, chacun respectivement, sont en prise avec deux rails de guidage appartenant audit guide (23), et, d'autre part, un corps (40), qui, établi d'un desdits sabots (39) à l'autre, est relié à chacun de ceux-ci par des moyens rotatifs.

Application au terrassement d'une galerie en pleine section, même pour une galerie de relativement grande ouverture.