Measurement of subsurface formation lithology, including shaliness, using capture gamma spectroscopy
阅读：74发布：2021-05-21
专利汇可以提供Measurement of subsurface formation lithology, including shaliness, using capture gamma spectroscopy专利检索，专利查询，专利分析的服务。并且Gamma ray spectra of earth formations surrounding an open or cased well borehole are obtained by exciting subsurface formation elements around the borehole with neutrons and detecting the gamma rays resulting from capture in the subsurface formation of thermalized neutrons from a capture gamma spectroscopy (C.G.S.) well log source. The macroscopic thermal neutron capture crosssection of the formations is also known or obtained, either from the C.G.S. log or other previous logs. The spectra of gamma rays obtained from the formation are analyzed to form logs of the elements which contribute significantly to the spectra. From these logs, a partial macroscopic thermal neutron capture crosssection of the elements contributing to the gamma rays of the spectrum is obtained. The partial macroscopic thermal neutron capture cross-section so obtained is then compared with the capture cross-section of the formation to obtain an indication of the shaliness of the formation.，下面是Measurement of subsurface formation lithology, including shaliness, using capture gamma spectroscopy专利的具体信息内容。
1. A method for analysis of earth formations surrounding a well borehole wherein the macroscopic thermal neutron capture crosssection of the formations is known, comprising the steps of: a. obtaining standard gamma ray energy spectra of materials postulated to be in formations surrounding a well borehole; b. bombarding the earth formations in the vicinity of the borehole with fast neutrons which are slowed down and thereafter engage in neutron capture reactions with materials in the vicinity of the borehole; c. obtaining gamma ray energy spectra of unknown materials surrounding the well borehole; d. comparing an unknown gamma ray spectrum with a composite weighted mixture of the standard gamma ray spectra to obtain therefrom a quantitative measure of the percentage composition of elements in the vicinity of the borehole; e. based on the quantitative measurement obtained in said step of comparing, obtaining a partial macroscopic thermal neutron capture cross section of the elements contributing to the gamma rays of the unknown gamma ray spectrum; and f. comparing the partial macroscopic thermal neutron capture cross section obtained to the known macroscopic thermal neutron capture cross section of the formation to obtain an indication of the shaliness of the formation.
2. The method of claim 1, further including the steps of: a. obtaining partial macroscopic thermal neutron capture cross-sections of elements in a shale formation; b. obtaining the residual macroscopic thermal neutron capture cross-section of the formation being analyzed remaining after said partial macroscopic thermal neutron capture cross-section of the formation being analyzed is removed from the known macroscopic thermal neutron capture cross-section of the formation being analyzed; and c. obtaining the residual macroscopic thermal neutron capture cross-section of the shale formation remaining after said partial macroscopic thermal neutron capture cross-section of the shale formation is removed from the known macroscopic thermal neutron capture cross-section of the shale formation; and d. comparing the residual macroscopic thermal neutron capture cross-section of the formation being analyzed to the residual macroscopic thermal neutron capture cross-section of the shale formation to obtain a shale fraction for the formation being analyzed.
3. The method of claim 2, further including the steps of: a. obtaining a clean sand residual macroscopic thermal neutron capture cross-section representing the capture cross-section of high capture cross-section elements in the clean sand which do not give rise to measurable gamma rays; and b. removing said clean sand residual macroscopic thermal neutron capture cross-section from both the residual thermal neutron macroscopic capture cross-sections of the shale formation and the formation being analyzed prior to said step of comparing residual thermal neutron macroscopic capture cross-sections to normalize the shale fraction obtained.
4. The method of claim 1, further including the step of: obtaining the macroscopic thermal neutron capture-cross-section of the formation surrounding the borehole with a separate logging tool prior to said step of obtaining gamma ray energy spectra.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein: a. said step of bombarding the earh formation with high energy neutrons comprises bOmbarding the formation with repetitive pulses of fast neutrons; and b. compensating the unknown gamma ray spectrum for variations in the thermal neutron capture cross-section of materials present in the earth formations surrounding the borehole.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein: said step of bombarding the earth formation with high energy neutrons comprises continuously bombarding the formation with fast neutrons.
7. The method of claim 1, further including the step of: forming a record of the shaliness of the formation as a function of borehole depth.
8. An automated data processing machine for analyzing earth formations surrounding a well borehole based on standard gamma ray spectra of materials postulated to be in the formation, gamma ray spectra of unknown materials surrounding the well borehole and the known macroscopic thermal neutron capture cross-section of the formation, comprising: a. means for comparing an unknown gamma ray spectrum with a composite weighted mixture of the standard gamma ray spectra to obtain therefrom a quantitative measure of the percentage composition of elements in the vicinity of the borehole; and b. means for obtaining quantitatively the primary formation parameters of the earth formation from the quantitative measure of percentage composition of elements and a known macroscopic thermal neutron capture cross-section of the formation; and c. means for comparing a partial macroscopic thermal neutron capture cross section obtained from said percentage composition and said primary formation parameters, to the known macroscopic thermal neutron capture cross section of the formation to obtain an indication of the shaliness of the formation.
9. The machine of claim 1, further including: a. means for obtaining partial macroscopic thermal neutron capture cross-sections of elements in a shale formation; b. means for obtaining the residual macroscopic thermal neutron capture cross-section of the formation being analyzed remaining after said partial macroscopic thermal neutron capture cross-section of the formation being analyzed is removed from the known macroscopic thermal neutron capture cross-section of the formation being analyzed; and c. means for obtaining the residual macroscopic thermal neutron capture cross-section of the shale formation remaining after said partial macroscopic thermal neutron capture cross-section of the shale formation is removed from the known macroscopic thermal neutron capture cross-section of the shale formation; and d. means for comparing the residual macroscopic thermal neutron capture cross-section of the formation being analyzed to the residual macroscopic thermal neutron capture cross-section of the shale formation to obtain a shale fraction for the formation being analyzed.
10. The machine of claim 9, further including: a. means for obtaining a clean sand residual macroscopic thermal neutron capture cross-section representing the capture cross-section of high capture cross-section elements in the clean sand which do not give rise to measurable gamma rays; and b. means for removing said clean sand residual macoscopic thermal neutron capture cross-section from both the residual thermal neutron macroscopic capture cross-sections of the shale formation and the formation being analyzed prior to said step of comparing residual thermal neutron macroscopic capture cross-sections to normalize the shale fraction obtained.
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