专利汇可以提供SWEGS ADAPTED FOR USE IN COOLING, HEATING, VOC REMEDIATION, MINING, PASTEURIZATION AND BREWING APPLICATIONS专利检索,专利查询,专利分析的服务。并且Apparatus includes a heat extraction system (SWEGS) in combination with some further apparatus for implementing some further functionality, e.g., associated with cooling/heating, remediation, mining, pasteurization and brewing applications. The SWEGS generates geothermal heat from within a drilled well, and includes a heat conductive material injected into an area within a heat nest near a bottom of a drilled well between a heat exchanging element and rock surrounding the heat nest to form a closed-loop solid state heat exchange to heat contents of a piping system flowing into and out of the heat exchanging element at an equilibrium temperature at which the rock surrounding the heat nest and generating the geothermal heat continually recoups the geothermal heat that the rock is conducting to the heat conductive material and above which the geothermal heat generated by the rock surrounding the heat nest dissipates as the heat conductive material conducts heat from the rock surrounding the heat nest to the heat exchanging element. The heat conductive material may be configured to solidify to substantially fill the area within the heat nest to transfer heat from the rock surrounding the heat nest and the heat exchanging element. The piping system may be configured to bring the contents from a surface of the well into the heat nest and carry heated contents to the surface of the well from the heat nest. The closed-loop solid state heat exchange may be configured to extract geothermal heat from the well without exposing the rock surrounding the heat nest to a liquid flow, and provide heated contents to the piping system for further processing. The further apparatus receives the heated content and further processes the heated content in order to implement some further functionality based at least partly on using the heated content.,下面是SWEGS ADAPTED FOR USE IN COOLING, HEATING, VOC REMEDIATION, MINING, PASTEURIZATION AND BREWING APPLICATIONS专利的具体信息内容。
We claim:
This application claims benefit to provisional patent application Ser. No. 61/482,368, filed 4 May 2011, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
1. Field of Invention
The present invention relates to the field geothermal energy; and more particularly relates to using a single-well engineered geothermal system (SWEGS) in cooling, heating, VOC remediation, mining, pasteurization and brewing applications.
2. Description of Related Art
Different embodiments of the SWEGS may include one or more of the following: The equilibrium temperature may be increased by increasing the surface area of the rock surrounding the heat nest. At least one additional bore hole may be drilled into the rock to increase the surface area of the rock; at least one additional material may be injected into the heat nest, including at least one ball bearing, at least one bead, or a meshed metallic material. The piping system may include a set of flexible downward-flowing pipes that carry the contents of the piping system into the heat exchanging element, and a set of flexible upward-flowing pipes that carry the contents of the piping system out of the heat exchanging element. The downward-flowing pipes and upward-flowing pipes each may include a plurality of layers of wound corrosion resistant steel wiring. The heat exchanging element may include a plurality of capillaries. The contents of the downward-flowing pipes may be dispersed through the plurality of capillaries after entering the heat exchanging element. Each capillary in the plurality of capillaries has a diameter smaller than a diameter of the downward-flowing pipes, thereby allowing the contents of the piping system to heat quickly as the contents pass through the plurality of capillaries. The contents of the piping system may be an environmentally inert, heat conductive fluid that does not boil when heated within the heat nest. The contents of the piping system is water or a gas. The heat conductive material may be grout, molten metal, a ceramic, a mesh material, plastic. The heat conductive material may stabilize pressure on the piping system and the heat exchanging element within the heat nest. The equilibrium temperature may be in a range of temperatures determined at least in part by a surface area of the rock within the heat nest. The heat exchanging element may have a helix shape in which the piping system within the heat exchanging element comprises at least one twisted pipe to increase the distance contents of the piping system flows within the heat exchanging element.
Other SWEGS-related cases have also been filed, including U.S. Patent Publication nos. US 2010/0276115 (Atty docket no. 800-163.3); US 2010/0270002 (Atty docket no. 800-163.4); US 2010/0270001 (Atty docket no. 800-163.5); and US 2010/0269501 (Atty docket no. 800-163.6), which are all incorporated hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
The SWEGS technology provides an important contribution to the state of the art of geothermal energy, including in the area of generating electricity, and also including in the area of heat extraction from the earth, e.g., to generate electricity. The SWEGS technology also represents a renewable green heat generator technology.
The present application sets forth further applications of the basic SWEGS technology in the areas of cooling/heating applications, remediation applications, mining applications, pasteurization applications and brewing applications.
By way of example, according to some embodiment, the present invention may take the form of apparatus featuring a heat extraction system (i.e. the SWEGS) in combination with some further apparatus for implementing some further functionality, e.g., associated with the aforementioned cooling/heating, remediation, mining, pasteurization and brewing applications.
The SWEGS may be configured for generating geothermal heat from within a drilled well, and includes a heat conductive material injected into an area within a heat nest near a bottom of a drilled well between a heat exchanging element and rock surrounding the heat nest to form a closed-loop solid state heat exchange to heat contents of a piping system flowing into and out of the heat exchanging element at an equilibrium temperature at which the rock surrounding the heat nest and generating the geothermal heat continually recoups the geothermal heat that the rock is conducting to the heat conductive material and above which the geothermal heat generated by the rock surrounding the heat nest dissipates as the heat conductive material conducts heat from the rock surrounding the heat nest to the heat exchanging element. The heat conductive material may be configured to solidify to substantially fill the area within the heat nest to transfer heat from the rock surrounding the heat nest and the heat exchanging element. The piping system may be configured to bring the contents from a surface of the well into the heat nest and carry heated contents to the surface of the well from the heat nest. The closed-loop solid state heat exchange may be configured to extract geothermal heat from the well without exposing the rock surrounding the heat nest to a liquid flow, and provide heated contents to the piping system for further processing.
The further apparatus may be configured to receive the heated content and to further process the heated content in order to implement some further functionality based at least partly on using the heated content.
The SWEGS has many application uses, and by way of example this patent application sets forth five application uses, as follows:
1) Heating and Cooling of Industrial, Commercial and Residential facilities,
2) Remediation of Brownfields,
3) Mining Applications—Leaching,
4) Pasteurization Processes, and
5) Brewing Processes.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the further apparatus may include heating apparatus configured to receive the heated content, e.g., from the SWEGS, and to provide thermal heat based at least partly on the temperature of the heated content. The heating apparatus may include a hot fluid reservoir configured to receive and contain the heated content; and a pump configured to provide the heated content from the hot fluid reservoir to one or more heating or cooling systems. The heated content may take the form of a Durathem™-based circulating fluid. The one or more heating or cooling systems may include either a chiller configured to provide a cooling application, a heat exchanger configured to provide a heating application, or both. The heating apparatus may be configured to provide heating apparatus content back to the heat extraction system for further processing, including re-heating. Heating and cooling applications include the heated content coming directly from the SWEGS, directly from the hot fluid reservoir, as well as the heated content coming from an application, like from the generation of electricity, which itself receives the heated content from the SWEGS.
This patent application is directed at using the SWEGS not only for electricity, but for additional heat applications, including for using the SWEGS for stand alone heating and cooling applications. In effect, the SWEGS technology represents a renewable green heat generator for major heat and cooling applications.
In remediation applications, a geothermal energy production plant may be installed on a brownfield site, and geothermal energy may be used to remediate VOCs in soil and groundwater. The SWEGS may be installed on-site or adjacent to a site. Heated content may be routed to VOC-contaminated soil, rock, and groundwater through a closed loop of hot liquid. The temperature of the heated content may be adjusted as needed. VOCs typically volatilize at temperatures up to 100° C. and may be captured, e.g., in a soil vapor extraction (SVE) system, and treated. The remediation technique heats soil/rock/water similar to electrical resistance heating, which has achieved >90% reduction in VOC concentrations at many sites, but geothermal heating from the SWEGS is achieved at a fraction of the cost of techniques based on electrical resistance heating.
Based of this, and according to some embodiments of the present invention, the further apparatus may include remediation apparatus configured to receive the heated content, e.g., from the SWEGS, and to provide remediation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including VOC-contaminated soil, rock or groundwater, based at least partly on the temperature of the heated content, including where VOCs volatize at temperatures up to 100° C. The remediation apparatus may include a soil vapor extraction system configured to capture volatized VOCs for further processing. The remediation apparatus may include a hot fluid reservoir configured to receive and contain the heated content; and a pump configured to provide the heated content from the hot fluid reservoir via piping through to one or more remediation heat loops or systems, including through one or more VOC plumes. The remediation apparatus may be configured to provide remediation apparatus content back to the heat extraction system for further processing. Remediation applications include the heated content coming directly from the SWEGS, directly from the hot fluid reservoir, as well as the heat content coming from another application, like from the generation of electricity, which itself receives the heated content from the SWEGS.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the goal is to replace 100% of the BTU demand for the combustion of petroleum in boilers used in mining applications with a SWEGS solution, so as to achieve petroleum consumption reduction in the process of leaching and carbon emission reduction. This is accomplished according to the present invention by modifying the process at the point of heat transfer through an adaptation of a primary fluid used for extraction and optimization of resources from SWEGS-based heat. Through a binary cycle, the primary fluid transfers heat to a secondary fluid required which is part of the leaching process.
By way of example, and according to some embodiments of the present invention, the further apparatus may include mining apparatus configured to receive the heated content and to provide the heated contents for mining applications. The mining apparatus may be configured to receive the heated content and to transfer heat to a secondary fluid required that is part of a leaching system or process. The mining apparatus may include a hot fluid reservoir configured to receive and contain the heated content; a pump configured to provide the heated content from the hot fluid reservoir via piping; and a heat exchanger configured to receive the heated content and transfer heat to a secondary fluid used in a leaching process, including where the secondary fluid is heated from about 25° C. to a range of about 40° C. to 50° C. and used in a lixiviation process. The mining apparatus may include a hot fluid reservoir configured to receive and contain the heated content; a pump configured to provide the heated content from the hot fluid reservoir via piping; and a heat exchanger configured to receive the heated content and transfer heat to a secondary fluid used in a leaching process, including where the secondary fluid is heated from about 25° C. to about 50° C. and circulated through a leaching pool. The mining apparatus may be configured to provide mining apparatus content back to the heat extraction system for further processing. The heated content may be a Durathem™-based circulating fluid. Mining applications include the heated content coming directly from the SWEGS, directly from the hot fluid reservoir, as well as the heated content coming from an application, like from the generation of electricity, which itself receives the heated content from the SWEGS.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the further apparatus comprises pasteurization or brewing apparatus configured to receive the heated content and to provide the heated contents to boilers and heaters used during for pasteurizing or brewing. Pasteurizing or brewing applications include the heated content coming directly from the SWEGS, directly from the hot fluid reservoir, as well as the heated content coming from an application, like from the generation of electricity, which itself receives the heated content from the SWEGS.
According to some embodiments, the present invention may take the form of a method featuring generating with a heat extraction system geothermal heat from within a drilled well, using the following steps: injecting a heat conductive material into an area within a heat nest near a bottom of a drilled well between a heat exchanging element and rock surrounding the heat nest to form a closed-loop solid state heat exchange to heat contents of a piping system flowing into and out of the heat exchanging element at an equilibrium temperature at which the rock surrounding the heat nest and generating the geothermal heat continually recoups the geothermal heat that the rock is conducting to the heat conductive material and above which the geothermal heat generated by the rock surrounding the heat nest dissipates as the heat conductive material conducts heat from the rock surrounding the heat nest to the heat exchanging element, substantially filing and solidifying the heat conductive material in the area within the heat nest to transfer heat from the rock surrounding the heat nest and the heat exchanging element, bringing with the piping system the contents from a surface of the well into the heat nest and carry heated contents to the surface of the well from the heat nest, and extracting with the closed-loop solid state heat exchange geothermal heat from the well without exposing the rock surrounding the heat nest to a liquid flow, and provide heated contents to the piping system for further processing; and receiving with a further apparatus the heated content and further processing the heated content in order to implement some further functionality based at least partly on using the heated content, including functionality associated with cooling/heating applications, remediation applications, mining applications, pasteurization applications and brewing applications, consistent with that set forth herein.
The method may also include one or more of the other features consistent with that set forth herein.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the present invention may take the form of a method comprising: means for generating geothermal heat from within a drilled well, using the following steps: injecting a heat conductive material into an area within a heat nest near a bottom of a drilled well between a heat exchanging element and rock surrounding the heat nest to form a closed-loop solid state heat exchange to heat contents of a piping system flowing into and out of the heat exchanging element at an equilibrium temperature at which the rock surrounding the heat nest and generating the geothermal heat continually recoups the geothermal heat that the rock is conducting to the heat conductive material and above which the geothermal heat generated by the rock surrounding the heat nest dissipates as the heat conductive material conducts heat from the rock surrounding the heat nest to the heat exchanging element, substantially filing and solidifying the heat conductive material in the area within the heat nest to transfer heat from the rock surrounding the heat nest and the heat exchanging element, bringing with the piping system the contents from a surface of the well into the heat nest and carry heated contents to the surface of the well from the heat nest, and extracting with the closed-loop solid state heat exchange geothermal heat from the well without exposing the rock surrounding the heat nest to a liquid flow, and provide heated contents to the piping system for further processing; and means for receiving the heated content and further processing the heated content in order to implement some further functionality based at least partly on using the heated content.
Finally, the present application is being filed concurrent with a companion application disclosing ColdNest technology, identified as PCT patent application serial no PCT/US12/36498 (Atty docket no. 800-163.7-1), which claims benefit to an earlier filed provisional patent application Ser. No. 61/482,332, filed 4 May 2011 (Atty docket no. 800-163.7), which are both also incorporated by reference in their entirety. This companion application sets forth still an alternative embodiment to the basic SWEGS technology by incorporating, e.g., a ColdNest and optional cooling tower, consistent with that shown in
Moreover, other SWEGS-related applications have also been filed, including U.S. provisional patent application nos. 61/576,719 (Atty docket no. 800-163.9) and 61/576,700 (Atty docket no. 800-163.10), filed 16 Dec. 2011, which are both incorporated hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
By way of example, according to some embodiment, the present invention may take the form of apparatus generally indicated as 10 featuring a heat extraction system (i.e. the SWEGS) generally indicated as 12 consistent with that shown in
In
By way of example, the heated content may take the form of a Durathem™-based circulating fluid, although the scope of the invention is intended to include other types or kinds of circulating fluid either now known or later developed in the future.
Chillers like element 30 are known in the art, and the scope of the invention is not intended to be limited to any particular type or kind thereof either now known or later developed in the future.
As a person skilled in the art would appreciate, absorption chillers are known in the art, and use heat, instead of mechanical energy, to provide cooling. The mechanical vapor compressor is replaced by a thermal compressor (see
Compared to mechanical chillers, absorption chillers have a low coefficient of performance (COP=chiller load/heat input). Nonetheless, they can substantially reduce operating costs because they are energized by low-grade waste heat, while vapor compression chillers must be motor- or engine-driven.
Low-pressure, steam-driven absorption chillers are available in capacities ranging from 100 to 1,500 tons. Absorption chillers come in two commercially available designs: single-effect and double-effect. Single-effect machines provide a thermal COP of 0.7 and require about 18 pounds of 15-psig steam per ton-hour of cooling. Double-effect machines are about 40 percent more efficient, but require a higher grade of thermal input, using about 10 pounds of 100- to 150-psig steam per ton-hour. Absorption chillers can reshape facility thermal and electric load profiles by shifting cooling from an electric to a thermal load. If one is served by an electric utility with a ratcheted demand charge, they may be able to reduce demand charges throughout the year by reducing your summer peak loads.
The aforementioned techniques are provided by way of example. However, the scope of the invention is also intended to include using the SWEGS technology in relation to other types or kinds of applications for heating and cooling either now known or later developed in the future.
By way of example, according to some embodiments of the present invention, the further application or apparatus may include a remediation application or apparatus generally indicated as 60 configured to receive the heated content from the SWEGS 12 and to provide remediation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including VOC-contaminated soil, rock or groundwater, based at least partly on the temperature of the heated content, including where VOCs volatize at temperatures up to 100° C.
The scope of the invention is not intended to be limited to the type or kind of VOC plume to be treated, and is intended to include treating VOC plumes both now known and later developed in the future.
The present invention may be implemented in relation to a historical remediation process that may include, or take the form of the following:
Phase I site assessment: Review of existing records of property use, aerial photos and surrounding land uses;
Phase II investigation: Sampling soil—shows gasoline constituents (VOCs) in soil;
Phase III investigation: Reveals shallow groundwater impacted with VOCs to depths of 50 feet;
Remedial Action Plan (RAP): Identifies recommended plan to remove and treat VOCs, where the RAP specifies groundwater pumping and treatment, soil vapor extraction (SVE), soil excavation, chemical oxidation, enhanced biodegradation, surfactant flushing, electrical resistance heating/SVE.
A governmental agency will typically have to approve the RAP, then the plan may be implemented. Cleanup occurs over period of several years (typically), depending on method used and geology.
The SWEGS 12 may be installed on site (or nearby). Heating/SVE option may be implemented that heats the soil/water to 100° C., so as to achieve a cleanup within months.
A site may be characterized with multiple investigations—industrial solvent contaminant is known to extend below water table, to depths of 120 feet.
After 10 years, remedial action proves ineffective and costly; high concentrations persist
The SWEGS 12 may be installed on site or nearby; electric production begins.
Geothermal remediation using residual heat from SWEGS 12 is routed to impacted zone through closed loop. Soil/rock/water heated to 100° C.
Remediation cleanup targets achieved in months
By way of example, according to some embodiments of the present invention, the further application or apparatus may include a mining application, including in the areas of solvent extraction and electrowinning for copper mining.
Mining applications may include solvent extraction and electrowinning for copper mining: For example, there are two distinct types of copper ore:
Sulfide ores: beneficiated in flotation cells, and
Oxide ores: generally leached.
First, consistent with that shown in
This may be done by adding a chemical reagent to the SX tanks which selectively binds with and extracts the copper, is easily separated from the copper (stripped), recovering as much of the reagent as possible for re-use. The concentrated copper solution is dissolved in sulfuric acid and sent to the electrolytic cells for recovery as copper plates (cathodes). From the copper cathodes, it is manufactured into wire, appliances, etc. that are used in every day life.
The SX Lixiviation Process: Solvent extraction is a method of purification of solutions used in the mining industry. The method involves contacting a rich leach solution an organic reagent which has the ability selectively remove metal ions of interest. At a later stage the resin is discharged, i.e., this resin trapped ions returns and delivers a clean solution. Solvent extraction is at least two stages, the first stage, load, is known as extraction and the second stage, discharge, is called stripping.
The electrolyte is the electrolyte circulating downloaded return. Upon leaving the cell has a temperature of 50 C (122° F.), a value that keeps being pushed back to the SX process, to heat exchange with the electrolyte charged.
Charged electrolyte typically must have a minimum temperature to avoid precipitation of copper sulfate in the fluid, this temperature depends on the concentration of copper and acid.
This process is used to obtain high purity fine metal (gold, silver, copper) in various countries such as Chile, Peru, Mexico, etc.
By way of example, according to some embodiments of the present invention, the further apparatus may include mining apparatus configured to receive the heated content from the SWEGS 12 (see
By way of example, the following are some cost savings analysis related to implementation of, and advantages associated with, the mining apparatus according to some embodiments of the present invention:
An example of an analysis of the heat application may include the following:
A plant producing 22,500 ton/year of Cu fine uses 1,255,187 Gallons (4,750 m3)/year of petroleum−211 liters/ton (55.8 Gallons/ton).
Petroleum has an energy content of 130 MJ/gal.
Assuming a burner efficiency of 80%, that is equivalent to 100 MWhth each day.
This is an average heat use rate of 4.2 MWth.
A SWEGS-based plant harvests about 10 MWhth for every MWhe produced. Therefore a standard 1 MWeSWEGS-based plant will produce enough heat for 150 tons per day of leaching.
An example of electricity and heat application may include the following:
A standard 1 MWe SWEGS plant harvests more than the required 4.2 MWth needed for the leaching process
The remaining 5.8 MWth can be used to generate electricity, where 5.8 MWth will yield almost 580 kWe.
Therefore, a standard 1 MWe SWEGS plant will produce:
Enough heat for 62 tons per day of leaching, and
580 kWe for on-site use or sale to the grid.
An example of a cost savings analysis may include the following:
If the current estimated price for the purchase and use of petroleum is 1.3 USD/lt then:
1.3 USD/lt×211 lt/ton=274.3 USD/ton
The expense for annual petroleum use is:
274.3USD/ton×22.500 ton/year=6.171.750 USD/year.
The equivalent pricing for SWEGS-based technology for an equivalent effect is 200 USD/ton (−27%) the new annual costs are therefore:
200USD/ton×22.500 ton/year=4,500,000 USD/year
This results in a savings=1,671,750 USD/year.
An example of an analysis carbon reduction may include the following:
CO2e transaction is relevant to the model and is analyzed from the equivalence MWh/year generated:
1 gal of petroleum produces about 9 kg of CO2.
Then, 1,255,187 gal/yr produce 12.455 ton of CO2
Possible applications for heat capacity re leaching may include the following:
Two SWEGS wells per plant, where and each SWEGS well can produce 0.25 MWe (very conservative).
Energy use:
62 tons leaching=420 kWe, and
Extra heat=80 kWe (0.8 MWth)
An example of a possible implementation for leaching only applications may include the following:
A. Mining Company provides the following:
B. The SWEGS-based technology provides the following:
Possible implementations may include the following:
Two SWEGS wells per plant,
Each SWEGS can produce 1 MWe,
Energy use,
62 tons leaching=420 kWe, and
Electric production=1.58 MWe.
If the heat resource is large enough, a larger plant can be implemented to supply more electricity for the mining company.
Some advantages of the mining applications include the following:
Reduce dependence on fossil fuels,
Reduce emission of greenhouse gases (CO2),
Improve environmental image of companies,
Reduce carbon footprint of companies,
Reduce costs, and
Normalize costs for 20 years.
By way of example, according to some embodiments of the present invention, the further apparatus comprises pasteurization or brewing apparatus configured to receive the heated content and to provide the heated contents to boilers and heaters used during for pasteurizing or brewing.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the “cooling” element may be replaced with a chiller like element 30 in
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the “heating” element may be replaced with a hot fluid reservoir like element 20 in
As a person skilled in the art would appreciate, the term “Pasteurization” may be understood to mean: A process named after scientist Louis Pasteur which uses the application of heat to destroy human pathogens in foods. For the dairy industry, the terms “pasteurization”, “pasteurized” and similar terms shall mean the process of heating every particle of milk or milk product, in properly designed and operated equipment, to one (1) of the temperatures given in the following chart and held continuously at or above that temperature for at least the corresponding specified time:
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the “cooling” element may be replaced with a chiller like element 30 in
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the “boiling” element may be replaced with a hot fluid reservoir like element 20 in
It should be understood that, unless stated otherwise herein, any of the features, characteristics, alternatives or modifications described regarding a particular embodiment herein may also be applied, used, or incorporated with any other embodiment described herein. Also, the drawing herein is not necessarily drawn to scale.
Although the invention has been described and illustrated with respect to exemplary embodiments thereof, the foregoing and various other additions and omissions may be made therein and thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
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