Extensometers
阅读：304发布：2022-01-21
专利汇可以提供Extensometers专利检索，专利查询，专利分析的服务。并且Two pairs of specially shaped bar members are attached to either side of a specimen respectively in such a manner that pointers attached to the two bar members in each pair are caused to be relatively longitudinally displaced to an extent proportional to the specimen strain. The bar members are constrained so as to be capable of relative movement which takes place only in the direction of specimen strain. The two members of at least one pair thereof carry respective diffraction gratings through which a light source is arranged to direct a beam of light whereby to generate a moire fringe pattern. A photoelectric cell is provided for receiving at least a part of the fringe pattern. The cell is thus successively subjected to a plurality of light and dark bands which results in a plurality of electrical pulses proportional in number to the change in the gauge length.，下面是Extensometers专利的具体信息内容。
1. An extensometer comprising: two pairs of elongate bars which are adapted to be symmetrically mounted on either side respectively of a specimen under test; each bar in a pair including a first portion, the first portions of the bars in the pair being mutually parallel and co-planar, a second portion which lies parallel to and laterally spaced from the first portion of the other bar in that pair, said second portions of the bars in the pair also being mutually parallel and co-plaNar, and an intermediate cross-over portion connecting said first and second portions of the bar, the first and second portions of all four bars being co-planar; a respective roller bearing located between and spacing apart said first and second portions of the pars in each pair; a respective pointer means located adjacent the free end of each of said first portions of said bars for engaging the specimen whereby the two pointer means on the bars in each pair define therebetween a respective gauge length on the specimen; a clamping means adapted to hold together said two pairs of bars with the specimen therebetween while allowing only relative longitudinal displacement between the two bars in each pair; at least one pair of diffraction gratings carried by respective bars of at least one of said pairs of bars with their grating lines mutually inclined; and an optical system which includes a light source arranged for directing a beam of light through said gratings whereby to generate a Moire fringe pattern, and light detector means arranged to receive at least a part of said fringe pattern, the portions of the light source and light detector means being independent of displacement of the bars due to specimen strain.
2. An extensometer according to claim 1 in which one of said roller bearings is respectively located in the region of each of said four pointer means and said clamping means comprises a pair of spring-loaded clamping devices, the clamping forces applied by said two spring-loaded clamping devices being arranged to pass substantially through the line of action of two of said pointer means and the roller bearings adjacent thereto, and through the line of action of the other two pointer means and the rolling bearings adjacent thereto, respectively.
3. An extensometer according to claim 2 in which said spring-loaded clamping devices each comprises a pair of rhomboidal spring strips, one pair of opposite corners of each spring strip being attached to the second portion of a bar of one of said pairs and the other pair of opposite corners receiving respective clamping screws extending from corresponding corners of the other spring plate in the pair which is attached to the second portion of a bar in the other of said pairs of bars.
4. An extensometer according to claim 1 which is adapted to be mounted on a vertically oriented, elongate specimen with the two pointers associated with each pair of bars located one above the other to define two said gauge lengths on the specimen.
5. An extensometer according to claim 2 in which the two pairs of bars on opposite sides of the specimen each have a pair of diffraction gratings mounted thereon whereby the strain on both sides of the specimen can be monitored.
6. An extensometer according to claim 1 in which one of the diffraction gratings in each of said at least one pair of gratings is rigidly fixed to its supporting bar, whereas the other grating in the pair is angularly adjustable relative to its supporting bar and about an axis perpendicular to its plane.
7. An extensometer according to claim 1 in which said optical system further includes a first prism rigidly fixed to a reference surface, a second prism attached to one of said bars and arranged to direct a light beam, received from said light source by way of the first prism, through said pair of diffraction gratings, said one bar also carrying a mirror for directing part of the light emanating from the gratings to said photoelectric light detector.
8. An extensometer comprising: two pairs of elongate bars which are adapted to be symmetrically mounted on either side respectively of a specimen under test; each bar in a pair including a first portion, the first portions of the bars in the pair being mutually parallel and co-planar, a second portion which lies parallel to and laterally spaced from the first portion of the other bar in that pair, said second portions of the bars in the pair also being mutually parallel and Co-planar, and an intermediate cross-over portion connecting said first and second portions of the bar, the first and second portions of all four bars being co-planar; a respective roller bearing located between and spacing apart said first and second portions of the bars in each pair; a respective pointer means located adjacent the free end of each of said first portions of said bars for engaging the specimen whereby the two pointer means on the bars in each pair define therebetween a respective gauge length on the specimen; a clamping means adapted to hold together said two pairs of bars with the specimen therebetween while allowing only relative longitudinal displacement between the two bars in each pair; a pair of diffraction gratings mounted in closely spaced, opposed parallel relation on respective bars of each of said pairs of bars with their grating lines mutually inclined, one of said diffraction gratings in each of said pair of gratings being rigidly mounted on its suppporting bar with the other grating in each of said pair being angularly adjustable relative to its supporting bar and about an axis perpendicular to its plane, and an optical system which includes a light source arranged for directing a beam of light through said pairs of gratings whereby to generate a Moire fringe pattern from each said pair of gratings, and light detector means arranged to receive at least a part of said fringe patterns, the position of the light source and said light detector means being independent of displacement of the bars due to specimen strain.
9. The extensometer according to claim 8 wherein said optical system further includes for each said pair of diffraction gratings a first prism rigidly fixed to a reference surface, a second prism attached to one of said bars and arranged to direct a light beam, received from said light source by way of the first prism, through said pair of diffraction gratings, said one bar also carrying a mirror for directing part of the light emanating from the grating to said photoelectric light detector.
10. The extensometer according to claim 9 wherein one of said roller bearings is respectively located in the region of each of said four pointer means and said clamping means comprises a pair of spring-loaded clamping devices, the clamping forces applied by said two spring-loaded clamping devices being arranged to pass substantially through the line of action of two of said pointer means and the roller bearings adjacent thereto, and through the line of action of the other two pointer means and the rolling bearings adjacent thereto, respectively, and wherein said spring-loaded clamping devices each comprises a pair of rhomboidal spring strips, one pair of opposide corners of each spring strip being attached to the second portion of a bar of one of said pairs and the other pair of opposite corners receiving respective clamping screws extending from corresponding orners of the other spring plate in the pair which is attached to the second portion of a bar in the other of said pairs of bars.
11. The extensometer according to claim 9 which is adapted to be mounted on a vertically oriented, elongate speciment with the two pointers associated with each pair of bars located one above the other to define two said gauge lengths on the specimen.
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