A method and apparatus for measuring the thickness of layers of fat and flesh in carcasses utilizing the difference in electrical conductivity between layers
阅读：684发布：2022-05-11
专利汇可以提供A method and apparatus for measuring the thickness of layers of fat and flesh in carcasses utilizing the difference in electrical conductivity between layers专利检索，专利查询，专利分析的服务。并且A method and an apparatus for measuring the thickness of layers of fat and flesh in carcasses utilizing the difference in electrical conductivity between said layers. A probe with three surface electrodes is introduced in to the carcass said electrodes being connected to an AC bridge for connecting adjacent current paths formed in the layers between said electrodes thereto. The probe is moved on, until an unbalanced condition of the bridge is observed by indicator means. The linear distance between measuring points associated with the carcass surface and the probe, respectively, being, then, measured in order to obtain the thickness of the fat layer. The probe may be moved right through the carcass in order to determine total thickness thereof by detecting flesh to air transition and retracted again for repeating the measurement made during insertion. Alternatively, a probe provided with a plurality of surface electrodes may be inserted in a stationary position in the carcass, said electrodes being then connected successively to the bridge by switching means and recordings being taken of the switching steps where the bridge enters from a balanced to an unbalanced condition.，下面是A method and apparatus for measuring the thickness of layers of fat and flesh in carcasses utilizing the difference in electrical conductivity between layers专利的具体信息内容。
1. A method for measuring the thickness of layers of fat and flesh in carcasses, comprising the steps of connecting at least three longitudinally spaced, insulated surface electrodes of a measuring probe to different junctions of an AC bridge circuit comprising a source of an AC measuring current and indicator means, adjusting said bridge circuit to a balanced condition, introducing said measuring probe in the carcass to be measured from the outer surface of said fat layer in order to incorporate by means of said three electrodes adjacent current paths extending transversely relative to said layers into two different branches of said bridge circuit, observing the condition of said bridge circuit by said indicator means during continued movement of said probe into said carcass, and measuring the penetration depth of one point of said probe at the moment when said bridge circuit enters from a balanced to an unbalanced condition.
2. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein an AC measuring current of a relatively high frequency is supplied to said bridge circuit from said current source.
3. A method as claimed in claim 2, wherein a frequency of the order of magnitude of 40 kc/s is used.
4. A method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising the steps of moving said probe further into said carcass subsequent to the measuring of said penetration depth, while observing the condition of said bridge circuit, measuring the penetration depth of said one point of the probe at the moment when said bridge circuit enters again from a balanced into an unbalanced condition, retracting said probe from the latter penetration depth, while still observing the condition of said bridge circuit, and measuring the penetration depth of said one point of the probe when during said retraction said bridge circuit enters again from a balanced to an unbalanced condition.
5. A method for measuring the thickness of layers of fat and flesh in carcasses, comprising the steps of introducing at least one measuring probe provided with a plurality of longitudinally spaced, insulated surface electrodes into the carcass to be measured from one outer surface thereof, until extreme electrodes on said probe are located at or beyond opposite outer surface of said carcass, connecting by a stepwise electrical switching procedure said surface electrodes in successive groups of three adjacent electrodes to different junctions of a balanced AC bridge circuit comprising a source of an AC measuring current and indicator means in order to incorpOrate by means of each of said groups adjacent current paths extending transversely relative to said layers into two different branches of said bridge circuit, observing by said indicator means the condition of said bridge circuit during said switching procedure, and recording the steps of said switching procedure, at which said bridge circuit enters from a balanced into an unbalanced condition.
6. A method as claimed in claim 5, wherein an AC measuring current of a relatively high frequency is supplied to said bridge circuit from said current source.
7. A method as claimed in claim 6, wherein a frequency of the order of magnitude of 40 kc/s is used.
8. A method as claimed in claim 5, further comprising the steps of supporting the carcass to be measured at a measuring station in a preselected, anatomically defined position, introducing a number of measuring probes into said carcass at a corresponding number of measuring points on said outer surface, carrying out said switching procedure through the surface electrodes of each probe, and recording for each probe the steps of said switching procedure, at which said bridge circuit enters from a balanced to an unbalanced condition.
9. A method as claimed in claim 8, wherein said probes are successively connected to a common AC bridge circuit and said switching procedures are carried out successively through the surface electrodes of all probes.
10. A method as claimed in claim 8, further comprising the steps of conveying a plurality of carcasses successively to said measuring station, and carrying out said switching procedures automatically.
11. An apparatus for measuring the thickness of layers of fat and flesh in carcasses, comprising an AC bridge circuit with a source of an AC measuring current, means connected to said bridge circuit for indicating balanced and unbalanced condition thereof, an elongated measuring probe with at least three insulated measuring electrodes arranged on the surface of a tubular part of said probe with a longitudinal spacing corresponding to the desired measuring accuracy, said electrodes being adapted for contacting said layers in contact points defining adjacent current paths extending transversely relative to said layers, conductor means extending inside said probe for connecting said electrodes to different junctions of said bridge circuit in order to incorporate said adjacent current paths into two different branches thereof and means for measuring the linear distance between a measuring point associated with the surface of the carcass and a measuring point on the probe, respectively.
12. An apparatus as claimed in claim 11, wherein said measuring electrodes are annular.
13. An apparatus as claimed in claim 11, wherein said probe comprises a central core with a sharp-edged spear member in one end thereof and a tubular envelope arranged coaxially with said core, said conductor means extending in the spacing between said core and said envelope from said electrodes to the end of the probe remote from said spear member.
14. An apparatus as claimed in claim 13, wherein amplifier means are connected between said bridge circuit and said indicator means.
15. An apparatus as claimed in claim 14, comprising a handle secured to said remote end of said probe and incorporating said indicator means, a separate casing incorporating said AC bridge circuit and said amplifier means and a flexible cable extending between said handle and said separate casing and incorporating conductor wires for connecting said conductor means inside said probe to said different junctions of the bridge circuit and for connecting the output of said amplifier means to said indicator means.
16. An apparatus as claimed in claim 15, wherein said indicator means consist of three electrical control lamps of different colors, a first one of said lamps serving to indicate that both of said current paths extend in said fat layer, a second lamp serving to indicate that both current paths extend in said flesh layer and the third lamp serving to indicate that one current path extends in the fat layer, the other in the flesh layer, i.e. that said current paths extend on each side of the interface between said layers.
17. An apparatus as claimed in claim 15, wherein said indicator means consist of a pointer instrument having a measuring scale provided with marks for fat and flesh, respectively.
18. An apparatus as claimed in claim 15, wherein said distance measuring means comprises a measuring scale slidable relative to the tubular part of said probe into and out of said handle and a fixed mark associated with said handle, said scale being calibrated so as to indicate in a position, in which the free end thereof abuts against the surface of a carcass, the penetration depth of said measuring point on the probe relative to said measuring point associated with the surface of the carcass.
19. An apparatus as claimed in claim 15, wherein means for automatically recording the output signal from said amplifier means are connected with said casing, said distance measuring means comprising a transducer element arranged on said probe and adapted for generating an electrical signal for controlling said recording means in dependance on the penetration depth of said measuring point on the probe relative to said measuring point associated with the surface of said carcass.
20. An apparatus as claimed in claim 11, wherein the distances between each pair of adjacent electrodes on said probe are equal to each other.
21. An apparatus for measuring the thickness of layers of fat and flesh in carcasses comprising an AC bridge circuit with a source of an AC measuring current, means connected to said bridge circuit for indicating balanced and unbalanced condition thereof, an elongated measuring probe with a plurality of insulated measuring electrodes arranged on the surface of a tubular part thereof through a length corresponding to the maximum total thickness of a carcass to be measured, said electrodes being adapted for contacting said layers in contact points defining adjacent current paths extending transversely relative to said layers, conductor means extending inside said probe for connecting each of said electrodes to an electrode terminal, and a switching device arranged between said electrode terminals and said bridge circuit for connecting successively groups of electrode terminals associated with three adjacent electrodes to different junctions of said bridge circuit in order to incorporate the adjacent current paths defined by said three electrodes into two different branches of the bridge circuit.
22. An apparatus as claimed in claim 21, wherein said measuring electrodes are arranged with uniform axial spacings along a helical path on the surface of said tubular part of the probe, the circumferential dimension of said electrodes being such that generatrices of said tubular part intersecting one electrode does not intersect the electrodes adjacent thereto.
23. An apparatus as claimed in claim 21, wherein amplifier means are connected between said bridge circuit and said indicator means.
24. An apparatus as claimed in claim 23, wherein said indicator means comprise means for automatically recording the output signal from said amplifier means and means for controlling said recording means in dependance on the switching procedure carried out by said switching device.
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