Null balance indicating and control apparatus and phase sensitive pulse responsive circuits for use therein
阅读：543发布：2024-01-03
专利汇可以提供Null balance indicating and control apparatus and phase sensitive pulse responsive circuits for use therein专利检索，专利查询，专利分析的服务。并且In apparatus and circuits especially suitable in instrumentation for indication and control of nuclear power plant coolant systems, a bridge contains in a sensing arm a resistance thermometer or a differential transformer. The output of the bridge is supplied to a servo amplifier which feeds a servo motor which is operatively connected to a bridge arm to utilize an error signal to rebalance the bridge and reduce the error signal to zero, and at the same time supply an input to a counting or indicating device. Unique circuits provide control set points, isolation being provided between the indication and control functions. New and improved phase sensitive monostable multivibrator transistor circuits are employed.，下面是Null balance indicating and control apparatus and phase sensitive pulse responsive circuits for use therein专利的具体信息内容。
1. Apparatus for providing from a single transducer responsive to variations in a variable quantity an indication signal for indicating changes in the value of the variable quantity and a control signal when variations in the value of the variable quantity attain at least a predetermined magnitude, the indication and the control signals being substantially independent of each other, comprising in combination, bridge means having a first branch consisting of a resistor in series with a transducer the resistance value of which varies in accordance with variations in the variable quantity and a second branch comprising means forming two parallel current paths, one of said path forming means consisting of a series-connected additional resistor and a potentiometer having an adjustable arm, the other of said path forming means consisting of a further resistor and a rheostat in series therewith, servo amplifier means connected between the junction of the first-named resistor and the transducer and the junction between the further resistor and the rheostat to be energized by an unbalance signal developed thereacross, servo motor means connected to the servo amplifier means to receive the output thereof, linkage means connecting the servo motor means to the rheostat to vary the value of the resistance thereof in a direction which tends to reduce the unbalance signal at the input of the servo amplifier means to zero, means including a monostable multivibrator connected between the junction of the first-named resistor and the transducer and to the arm of the potentiometer to be energized by the control signal developed thereacross whereby the multivibrator is substantially continually in one state while the control signal is present in a predetermined phase and in at least a predetermined amplitude, and is in the other state while said control signal is not in said predetermined phase irrespective of the amplitude thereof, and control means connected to the multivibrator to be operated to one control condition when the multivibrator is in one state and to be operaTed to another control condition when the multivibrator is in the other state.
2. In a circuit for providing a null type indication of the instant value of a variable and for providing a control signal when the variable deviates substantially from a predetermined value, in combination, means forming a bridge circuit having two branches, one of said branches including an element responsive to variations in the variable, the other of said branches including means forming two resistance paths, means connected to the variable responsive element and to the means forming one of the resistance paths for obtaining a control signal, means for amplifying said control signal, controllable means connected to the amplifying means for utilizing the control signal, the means forming the other of said resistance paths including a variable resistor, circuit means connected to the variable responsive element and to the means forming the other of the resistance paths and including a servo amplifier and a servo motor, and means connecting the servo motor to said variable resistor of the last-named path for adjusting the value of said variable resistor automatically in accordance with variations in the variable to thereby provide a null balance, and indicating means connected to the adjusting means for providing an indication in accordance with the setting of the adjusting means.
3. In control circuit apparatus, in combination, a resistance thermometer, means forming an alternating current bridge, said bridge having the resistance thermometer connected in one branch thereof and being constructed and arranged whereby when the bridge is off balance in one sense a signal of one phase is developed at the output of the bridge and when the bridge is off balance in the other sense a signal of opposite phase is developed at the output of the bridge, amplifier means connected to the bridge for amplifying the output signal thereof, phase sensing means connected to the amplifier means, a monostable flip-flop circuit connected to the phase sensing means to receive the output therefrom whereby the monostable flip-flop circuit is caused to change from a first state to a second state only when the bridge is unbalanced in at least a predetermined amount and in a predetermined sense, and a controlled element operatively connected to the monostable flip-flop circuit, the controlled element being changed from an on condition to an off condition selectively in accordance with the state of the monostable flip-flop circuit.
4. In control apparatus, in combination, alternating current bridge means including a variable element responsive to variations in a quantity, means connected to the bridge means for amplifying the signal output thereof resulting from variations in the variable element, phase sensitive means including a transistor having a collector, an emitter and a base, circuit means connecting the phase sensitive means to the amplifying means to receive the output therefrom, means connected to the transistor for applying a pulsating direct current potential to said collector of the same frequency as the alternating current, output means connected to the phase sensitive transistor means, the output means developing a pulsed signal thereacross when the input to the phase sensitive transistor means has a predetermined phase relationship with respect to the pulsating direct current potential, a monostable flip-flop circuit including first and second transistors each having a base, collector, and emitter, the first transistor being connected to receive as an input between the base and emitter thereof the pulsed signal of the output means, the pulsed signal of the output means causing the monostable circuit to switch between the two states thereof, and feedback means including a resistor and a rectifier connecting the collector of the first transistor to the base of the transistor of the phase sensitive means, the feedback means providing means for varying the bias point of the transistor of the phase sensitive meAns.
5. Control circuit apparatus comprising, in combination, bridge means including in one branch thereof a transducer having a resistance value which varies in accordance with variations in a quantity, said bridge means including as energizing means an alternating current source of predetermined frequency, phase sensing transistor means including a transistor having a base, collector and emitter, means for applying a half-wave rectified alternating current of the same frequency as that of the alternating current energizing the bridge means to said collector, means for amplifying the output of the bridge means and applying the amplified output as an input to the transistor of the phase sensing transistor means between the base and emitter thereof, the phase sensing transistor means supplying a pulse output only when the phase of the input thereto has a predetermined relationship to the phase of the rectified pulsating direct current applied to the collector thereof, a monostable flip-flop transistor circuit including first and second transistors each having a base, collector, and emitter, and positive feedback circuit means connecting the collector of the second transistor to the base of the first transistor, the first transistor being connected to the phase sensing transistor to receive the pulse output thereof, and output means including a controlled element connected to the second transistor, said positive feedback circuit means including means having an adjustable time constant, variations in said time constant varying the number of pulses in the output of the phase sensing transistor means which elapse before the transition of the monostable circuit between the two states thereof.
6. In a control circuit, in combination, a transducer having an impedance value which varies in accordance with variations in a quantity, bridge means having the transducer connected in one branch thereof, the bridge means providing first and second signals when the bridge is unbalanced, a controlled device, a transistor monostable multivibrator having a first state and a second state and having the output thereof operatively connected to the controlled device, the controlled device being in a first control condition while the multivibrator is in a first state and in a second control condition while the multivibrator is in a second state, circuit means connecting the multivibrator to the bridge means for utilizing the first signal to cause the multivibrator to change from a first state to a second state when the first signal has a pre-determined phase and at least a predetermined amplitude, and means including a normally unenergized device connecting the bridge means to the multivibrator whereby the second signal is supplied to the multivibrator when the normally unenergized device is energized, said unenergized device being connected to the multivibrator whereby the device is energized when the multivibrator changes from a first state to a second state, the second signal when applied to the multivibrator in at least a predetermined amplitude preventing the multivibrator from switching from the second state to the first state for a substantial period of time.
7. In control circuit apparatus, in combination, bridge circuit means, said bridge circuit means having connected therein transducer means responsive to variations in a variable quantity, said bridge circuit means providing first and second signals of first and second amplitudes respectively for selectively turning on and off an element to be controlled, signal amplifying means having the first signal applied thereto, a monostable transistor multivibrator having the amplified first signal applied thereto and being operatively connected to the element to be controlled whereby the element to be controlled is on while the multivibrator is in one state and the element to be controlled is off while the multivibrator is in the other state, the amplified first signal causing the multivibrator to undergo a transition between a first stAte and a second state, a transistor operatively connected to the multivibrator to have an energizing potential applied thereto while the multivibrator is in the second state and having no energizing potential applied thereto while the multivibrator is in the first state, circuit means connecting the transistor to the bridge circuit means to have the second signal applied thereto, and other circuit means connecting the transistor to the multivibrator whereby when energizing potential is applied to the transistor the second signal, after amplification by the transistor, is applied to the multivibrator and when of at least a predetermined amplitude prevents the multivibrator from changing from the second state to the first state for a substantial period of time.
8. In control circuit apparatus, in combination, a source of alternating current potential, a transducer responsive to variations in a variable, bridge means connected to the source and having the transducer connected in circuit therein for providing an output signal at unbalance, the output signal varying in phase in accordance with the sense of unbalance of the bridge means, means for amplifying the output signal, a transistor having a base, emitter and collector, means for applying the amplified signal between said base and emitter, means connected to the source of alternating current potential for obtaining a half-wave rectified voltage and for applying the half-wave rectified voltage to said collector, said transistor supplying output pulses only when the input thereto has a predetermined phase relationship with the half-wave rectified voltage on the collector thereof, and a monostable flip-flop transistor circuit connected to said collector to receive pulses therefrom, said pulses when of at least a predetermined amplitude causing the monostable flip-flop circuit to change from a first state to a second state.
9. Control apparatus comprising, in combination, a differential transformer including a primary, first and second secondaries and a movable slug core of magnetizable material, circuit means including a source of alternating current potential for energizing the primary, means connected to the slug core whereby the slug core has the position thereof varied in accordance with variations in a quantity, bridge circuit means connecting the first and second secondaries in series to form one branch of the bridge, the other branch of the bridge circuit means including in series a resistor and a potentiometer having an adjustable arm, output means connected to the arm and the junction between the first and second secondaries, means for amplifying the signal developed at the output means, phase sensing means operatively connected to the amplifying means and to the source of alternating current potential, a multivibrator connected to the phase sensing means to be switched between states when the input to the phase sensing means has a predetermined phase and at least a predetermined amplitude, and utilization means including a controlled device connected to the multivibrator.
10. In a circuit for providing a null type indication of the instant value of variable quantity and for providing a control signal when the variable deviates by a predetermined amount from a predetermined value, in combination, a resistance thermometer having a resistance value which varies with the variable quantity, bridge means having the resistance thermometer in one branch thereof, variable resistance means in the other branch thereof, a source of alternating current potential connected to the bridge means, circuit means connected to the bridge means for obtaining an alternating current control signal and an alternating current indication signal, servo means having the indication signal applied thereto, the servo means being operatively connected to the variable resistance means and utilizing the indication signal to vary the resistance in a manner which tends to reduce the indication error signal to zero, a phase sensor device connected to The source of alternating current potential and to the bridge means to have the control signal applied thereto, the phase sensor device providing an output only when the control signal has a predetermined phase relationship to the alternating current, multivibrator means connected to the phase sensor device and being switched between states when the output of the phase sensor device has at least a predetermined amplitude, and utilization means connected to the multivibrator means.
11. In indication and control apparatus for obtaining first and second control signals and an indication signal, in combination, a source of alternating current potential, a transducer having an impedance which varies with variations in a quantity, and a bridge connected to the source of alternating current potential to be energized therefrom, the bridge having the transducer in one branch thereof, the other branch of the bridge including means forming first, second, and third resistance paths all connected in parallel, the first path having a first potentiometer therein having an adjustable arm, the first control signal being obtained from said arm, the second path having a second potentiometer therein having an adjustable arm, the second control signal being obtained from said last-named arm, the third path having a variable resistor therein adapted to have the resistance value thereof varied to rebalance the third path of the branch of the bridge after the impedance of the transducer changes.
12. In indication and control apparatus for obtaining a control signal and an indication signal, in combination, a source of alternating current potential, a transducer having an impedance which varies with variations in a quantity, a bridge connected to the source of alternating current potential to be energized therefrom, the bridge having the transducer in one branch thereof, the other branch of the bridge including means forming first and second resistance paths connected in parallel, the first path having a potentiometer therein having an adjustable arm, the control signal being obtained from said arm, the second path having a variable resistor therein adapted to have the resistance value thereof varied to rebalance the second path of the bridge after the impedance of the transducer changes.
13. In a circuit for providing a null type indication of the instant value of a variable quantity and for providing a control signal when the variable deviates by a predetermined amount from a predetermined value, in combination, a differential transformer including a primary, first and second secondaries and a movable slug core composed of magnetizable material, circuit means including a source of alternating current potential for energizing the primary, means connected to the slug core whereby the slug core has the position thereof varied in accordance with variations in the quantity, bridge circuit means connecting the first and second secondaries in series to form one branch of the bridge, variable resistance means in the other branch thereof, circuit means connected to the bridge means for obtaining a control signal and an indication signal, servo means having the indication signal applied thereto, the servo means being operatively connected to the variable resistance means and utilizing the indication signal to vary the resistance in a manner which tends to reduce the indication signal to zero, multivibrator means, further circuit means connecting the multivibrator means to the bridge means for utilizing the control signal to switch the multivibrator means between states, and utilization means connected to the multivibrator means.
14. In a control circuit of the type in which the instant amplitude of a variable alternating current signal corresponds to the instant deviation of a quantity to be controlled from a preselected value and the phase of the signal reverses as the amplitude of the signal goes through zero as the signal changes in sense from a value which deviates in one direction from the Preselected value to one which deviates in the other direction from the preselected value, and in which the signal is utilized to turn on and off a device which while on varies the quantity in a manner to restore the quantity to the preselected value, in combination, alternating current signal obtaining means constructed and arranged to provide a variable signal which varies in amplitude in accordance with variations in the quantity from the preselected value and reverses in phase when the sense of the variation changes, phase sensing transistor means having the signal applied thereto and including a transistor normally biased slightly beyond saturation and having a pulsating direct current potential of the same frequency as the alternating current signal applied thereto for providing an output when the signal has at least a predetermined amplitude and a predetermined phase relationship to said pulsating direct current potential, a multivibrator connected to the phase sensing transistor means and being switched from a first normal state to a second state by the output of the phase sensing transistor means, the multivibrator including time constant means for maintaining the multivibrator in the second state a predetermined time interval after which the multivibrator returns to the first state, means adapted to connect the multivibrator to the device, and means operatively connected to the multivibrator and to the phase sensing transistor means for varying the bias on the transistor of the phase sensing transistor means toward saturation when the multivibrator switches to the second state whereby a signal at the transistor means smaller in amplitude relative to said predetermined amplitude will thereafter cause the multivibrator to switch from the first state to the second state.
15. In control apparatus, in combination, alternating current bridge means, the alternating current bridge means including a source of alternating current potential, phase sensing means operatively connected to the bridge means and having the output signal of the bridge means applied thereto, circuit means connecting the phase sensing means to the alternating current source, the phase sensing means including a transistor normally biased beyond saturation, the circuit means connecting the phase sensing means to the alternating current source including half-wave rectifier means for obtaining a pulsating direct current potential of predetermined polarity and applying the pulses thereof to the collector of the transistor to energize the same, the transistor providing no output when the phase of the signal applied thereto is of a polarity to increase the bias while a pulse is applied to said collector, the phase sensing means supplying an output signal when the signal applied thereto reduces the bias coincidentally with the appearance of the pulse on the collector thereof, multivibrator means including a time delay circuit operatively connected to the phase sensing means, the multivibrator means being switched from a first state to a second state by the application of an input signal thereto from the phase sensing means, the multivibrator means thereafter returning from the second state to the first state after a period of time determined by the time constant of the time delay circuit, the appearance thereafter of a signal in the output of the phase sensing means causing the multivibrator to again change from the first state to the second state.
16. In control apparatus, in combination, means including alternating current bridge means and a biased amplifier, the biased amplifier being normally biased at a point whereby a signal of at least a first predetermined amplitude causes an output from the biased amplifier, a multivibrator circuit connected to the biased amplifier to receive the output signal therefrom, the output signal causing the multivibrator circuit to change from a first stage to a second state, the multivibrator circuit including time delay means for returning the multivibrator cIrcuit to the first state after the lapse of a predetermined time, and circuit means connecting the multivibrator circuit to the biased amplifier for altering the bias on the biased amplifier when the multivibrator circuit assumes the second state whereby a signal of a second predetermined amplitude less than said first predetermined amplitude produces an output sufficient to cause the multivibrator to change from the first state to the second state.
17. In control apparatus, in combination, alternating current bridge means having in one branch thereof means for obtaining first and second signals of two different amplitudes, a first amplitude and a second amplitude respectively, a multivibrator circuit having a first state and a second state, circuit means connecting the bridge means to the multivibrator circuit for utilizing the first signal of the first amplitude to cause the multivibrator to switch from the first state to the second state, normally deenergized other circuit means connecting the bridge means to the multivibrator circuit, means connecting the other circuit means to the multivibrator circuit whereby the other circuit means is energized when the multivibrator circuit changes to the second state, the other circuit means thereupon providing that a second signal of said second amplitude is thereafter sufficient to cause the multivibrator circuit to change from the first state to the second state.
18. In control and indicating apparatus, in combination, alternating current bridge means including transducer means for supplying at least two output signals from first and second branches, servo means for utilizing the first output signal to maintain the first branch of the bridge in a balanced condition and provide an indication of the instant value of a variable quantity in terms of the instant condition of said transducer means in the bridge, a controlled device, and circuit means connecting the controlled device to the second branch of the bridge means for utilizing the second signal to switch the controlled device between a first control condition and a second control condition, the last-named circuit means including means for maintaining the controlled device in a condition to change the variable quantity toward the normal desired value thereof while the second signal is changing in amplitude.
19. In control and indication apparatus, in combination, alternating current bridge means including a first branch and a second branch, both the first branch and the second branch including the same transducer means responsive to variations in a variable quantity, the first and second branches including means for obtaining at least two signals which vary with variations in said quantity, servo means connected to the bridge for utilizing the first signal to maintain the first branch of the bridge in a balanced condition, indicator means operatively connected to the servo means for giving an indication of the quantity in terms of the output of the transducer means, a controlled device, circuit means including a multivibrator connecting the controlled device to the second branch of the bridge means, the second signal causing the multivibrator to switch from a first condition to a second condition at which second condition the controlled device is operated and the variable quantity tends to be changed toward a normal value, the circuit means including means for maintaining the controlled device operated while the signal from the transducer means is falling in amplitude as the variable quantity varies in magnitude toward said normal condition.
20. In control apparatus, in combination, a controlled device which is moved to a first control condition when the value of a variable quantity reaches at least a predetermined value and which is moved to a second control condition when the variable quantity thereafter changes to a second predetermined value, alternating current bridge means responsive to variations in the quantity for obtaining first and second signals of different amplitudes, switching means including amplifier means adapted to change the controlled device from the first control condition to the second control condition, first and second parallel circuit paths connecting the switching means to the bridge means and having the first signal applied to the first path and the second signal applied to the second path, the second path including normally deenergized means for preventing the passage of the signal therethrough, and means connecting the amplifier means to the normally deenergized means for energizing the last-named means and activating the second circuit path after the first circuit path has caused the controlled device to move from one control position to the other control position, the signal through the second path causing the control device to remain in the other control condition until the second signal changes to at least a predetermined third amplitude.
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