Method for the utilization of organic waste material
阅读：279发布：2021-02-21
专利汇可以提供Method for the utilization of organic waste material专利检索，专利查询，专利分析的服务。并且Biodegradable waste materials are utilized by forming a suspension in a fermentation tank of comminated waste materials mixed with a microbiological system of a plurality of selected types of microorganisms under conditions to decompose the waste materials. After sufficient microbial metabolic action has taken place, gaseous products and microbial-resistant portions of the suspension are removed. The solid proteineous materials are then separated from the liquor formed in the suspension and the components of the liquor are separated by electrodialysis.，下面是Method for the utilization of organic waste material专利的具体信息内容。
2. The method in accordance with claim 1, wherein said biodegradable waste materials include cellulose and said microbiological system includes one or more cellylolytic microorganisms selected from the group including rumen microorganisms, thermophilic microorganisms, molds and fungi.
3. The method in accordance with claim 2, wherein said microbiological system is maintained at a pH 5.0 + or - 2.0.
4. The method in accordance with claim 1, wherein said solid proteineous material in suspension is separated from the liquor by removing a portion of said suspension from said fermentation tank and treating said suspension portion to provide a pH value close to the isoelectric point of said suspension portion, whereby said solid proteineous material in suspension may coAgulate and separate from said suspension liquid.
5. The method in accordance with claim 1, wherein said microbiological system is maintained in an equilibrium condition by controlling the growth of the microorganisms in said system by the ionic concentration of said suspension determined by the electrodialysis extraction of organic ions from said liquor of suspension.
6. The method in accordance with claim 5, wherein said equilibrium condition is also controlled by alkaline neutralizing agents.
7. The method in accordance with claim 5, including the step of maintaining the concentration of organic acids in said fermentation tank between 0.1 and 10 percent by weight.
8. The method in accordance with claim 1, including the step of introducing into said fermentation tank one or more antibiotics and innocula of bacteria resistant to said antibiotics, whereby non-resistant bacteria introduced by the addition of new waste material are eliminated.
9. The method in accordance with claim 1, including the step of introducing protozoa into the fermentation tank to limit the growth of pathogenic and nonproductive bacteria.
10. The method in accordance with claim 1, wherein the electrodialysis includes the steps of passing said liquor into an electrodialysis cell separated by organic ion-selective membranes from an adjacent cell, establishing a d.c. potential serially through said cells to concentrate organic acid and salt ions in said adjacent cell.
11. The method in accordance with claim 10, wherein said organic ion selective membranes are made by forming cellulosic esters of organic acids and fabricating said membranes from cellulose including a selected one of said cellulosic esters.
12. The method in accordance with claim 10, wherein said organic selective membranes are formed by heating one of the anhydrides of propionic acid, acetic acid or lactic acid with cellulose with or without the presence of sulfuric acid, glacial acetic acid, or pure propionic acid, and fabricating the resulting material into thin membranous sheets.
13. The method in accordance with claim 10, wherein said organic selective membranes are formed by treating cellophane with glacial acetic acid for about 12 hours at room temperature to become selective to acetate ions.
14. The method in accordance with claim 10, including the step of passing said liquor continuously into said electrodialysis cell and continuously removing concentrated acid and salt ions from said adjacent cell.
15. The method in accordance with claim 14, including the step of returning spent liquor from said electrodialysis cell to said fermentation tank.
16. The method in accordance with claim 1, including the step of passing said liquor into a plurality of electrodialysis cells each separated from a different adjacent cell by a membrane selective to a different organic ion, whereby said different organic ions are removed from said liquor and concentrated in different adjacent cells.
17. The method in accordance with claim 5, wherein the equilibrium of the microbiological system is maintained by controlling the rate of liquor flowing through said electrodialysis apparatus and returned to said fermentation tank.
18. The method in accordance with claim 1, including the step of adding one or more steering agents to said suspension to control the type and yield of said products of fermentation.
19. The method in accordance with claim 1, including the step of adding a derivative of acetic acid as a steering agent to said suspension to inhibit acetic acid production as a product of fermentation.
20. The method in accordance with claim 1, including the step of adding small quantities of carbon tetrachloride to said suspension to inhibit methane production as a product of fermentation.
21. The method in accordance with claim 1, wherein said microbiological system is retained in an equilibrium condition by controlling the following factors, (a) the nature and concentration of the suBstrate, (b) the type of bacteria used in said system, (c) the amount and kind or steering agents used, (d) the rate of withdrawal of organic acids from said system by electrodialysis, and the concentration of alkali metal ions to control the pH of said system.
22. The method in accordance with claim 21, wherein said equilibrium condition is maintained by holding the concentration of organic acids in the system between 0.1 and 10 percent.
23. The method in accordance with claim 1, wherein said liquor includes alcohols and acetone, including the steps of removing said alcohols and acetone from said liquor by mixing said liquor with gasoline to dissolve the alcohols and acetone in the gasoline, and separating said alcohol, acetone and gasoline mixture from said liquor.
24. The method in accordance with claim 1, wherein said solid proteineous material separated from said suspension is processed into food by autolyzing by the step of electrohydraulic shock to release enzymes from the bacteria in said proteineous material.
25. The method in accordance with claim 24, wherein said solid proteineous material is processed into food by autolyzing said material by the step of exposing said material to a high voltage alternating potential to disrupt the lysosomes of said bacteria in said proteineous material.
26. The method in accordance with claim 1, wherein said porteineous material is processed into food by forming said proteineous material into fibers.
27. The method in accordance with claim 1, wherein said proteineous material is processed into food by the steps of forming a concentrated solution of said proteineous material, forcing said concentrated solution through spinnerets into pure cold water to coagulate said proteineous material into fibers, and binding the fibers together with gelatin.
28. The method in accordance with claim 1, wherein said proteineous material is processed by the steps of adding to said proteineous material cheese curing bacteria and molds, adding to the proteineous material one or more of a curdled proteineous material, a polysaccharide or derivative thereof, starch, or a cellulose derivative.
29. The method in accordance with claim 1, wherein said proteineous material is processed by the step of composting said material to break down portions of said proteineous material resistant to bacterial action, and processing the composted proteineous material by repeating the method steps (a) through (e).
30. A method in accordance with claim 1, wherein said aqueous suspension includes sulfur or sulfur compounds and sulfur bacteria are included in said aqueous suspension to convert the sulfur and sulfur compounds to sulfuric acid as a product of said fermentation.
31. The method in accordance with claim 30, wherein said sulfur compounds include finely ground sulfide ores, and said suspension is agitated by bubbling through said suspension one or more of hydrogen sulfide gas, the gases obtained from volcanic action, natural gas, and coal gas.
32. The method in accordance with claim 30, wherein said sulfur compounds are contained in oil and said suspension includes an emulsion of said oil.
33. The method in accordance with claim 30, wherein said sulfur compounds are contained in coal and said suspension includes said coal in a finely divided state.
34. The method in accordance with claim 1, wherein said aqueous suspension includes a hydrocarbon oil and hydrogen bacteria or yeast, and the method includes the step of agitating the suspension to increase the oil-water interface.
35. The method in accordance with claim 34, wherein the hydrocarbon oil is contained in oil shale, and the method includes the step of comminuting the oil shale to a fineness providing a suspension of said shale in water.
36. The method in accordance with claim 35, wherein an emulsifying agent is added to the suspension of fine shale particles to increase the oil-water interface.
37. The method in accordance with claim 1, wherein Said aqueous suspension includes resistant organic material, said method including the steps of separating said resistant organic material from said suspension, processing said resistant organic material by forming a compost of said organic material, adding nutrients to said compost to break down portions of said organic material resistant to bacterial action to form a proteinaceous product, hydrolyzing the proteinaceous product with hot acid or alkali, or by means of enzymes.
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