The invention consists of a method for controlling fungal phytopathogens by applying compositions to grape vines and cereals in the field. These compositions are based on antagonistic microorganisms which are not only able to protect plants from phytopathogenic microorganisms, including mycotoxigenic agents, but they are also able to reduce the quantity of mycotoxins present in the edible portions since antagonist microorganisms also control mycotoxigenic fungi, even those already present at the time of application. The preparation of these compositions and their practical agricultural use are also described.

본 발명은 감태(Ecklonia cava) 추출물 또는 이로부터 분리한 플로로탄닌계 화합물을 유효성분으로 포함하는 인플루엔자의 예방 또는 치료용 조성물에 관한 것이다. 감태 추출물 또는 이로부터 분리한 플로로탄닌계 화합물인 디벤조[1,4]디오신-2,4,7,9-테트라올(Dibenzo[1,4]dioxine-2,4,7,9-tetraol)(화합물 1), 디옥시노데히드로에콜(Dioxinodehydroeckol)(화합물 2) 및 6,6'-비에콜(6,6'-bieckol)(화합물 3)이 조류 인플루엔자 바이러스 또는 돼지 인플루엔자 바이러스에 대해 항바이러스 활성을 가지고 있어, 인플루엔자 예방 및 치료용 조성물 개발에 유용하게 이용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

公开了通式（I）所示的含菲杂环类化合物及其制备和在农药上的应用。该化合物的合成方法简单，易于工业化生产。所述含菲杂环类化合物可用作抗植物病毒剂来抑制烟草花叶病毒、辣椒病毒、水稻病毒、番茄病毒、甘薯病毒、马铃薯病毒和瓜类病毒及玉米矮花叶病毒等，尤其是抑制烟草花叶病毒。通式（I）中R¹、R²、R³、X¹-X⁷、m和n定义如说明书。

L'invention concerne une nouvelle utilisation de spores, de protéines ou de delta- endotoxines issues : - de clones de Bacillus thu®ngiensis var kurstaki de Barjac et Lemille (sérotype 3a et 3b) déposé à l'ATCC sous le N0 33679 ; - de clones de Bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis de Barjac (sérotype H 14) déposé à l'ATCC sous le N0 35646 ; - de clones de Bacillus sphaericus déposé à l'ATCC sous le N° 10208 ; comme stimulateur des défenses naturelles des plantes entières par application foliaire, racinaire ou par injection, contre les pathogènes des cultures des types fongiques et/ou bactériens et/ou viraux.

Provided are a method of producing Clostridium botulinum toxin by using a media containing plant-derived components, and a method of producing Clostridium botulinum toxin by using a flexible closed container.

The present invention includes compositions and methods for the treatment of plants against pathogens, elimination of insects and to increase the shelf-life of fruits and vegetables that includes coating the plant with undiluted aloe vera gel.

Method is proposed useful to render harmless mycotoxins that contaminate food, animal feed and assist infection of plant hosts by microbial parasites, comprising binding mycotoxins by a novel adsorbent, consisting partially or in full of plant lignocellulosic biomass or isolated biomass components, e.g., acid hydrolysis lignin, enzymatic hydrolysis lignin, coniferous and deciduous wood, bark and needle particles, rice hulls, used coffee grounds, apricot stone shells, almond, walnut, sunflower hulls, cocoa and peanut shells. The materials may be further improved through genetic modification of plants and physicochemical treatment of lignocellulosic biomass, such as micronization. The resulting adsorbent can bind wide range of mycotoxins, including mycotoxins difficult to bind (Ochratoxin, T-2, Deoxynivalenol, Nivalenol). Ability of porous materials containing lignin to thermally collapse at melting can be used to irreversibly entrap mycotoxins by adsorbing them in a wet system and then closing lignin pore structure under high-temperature treatment, such as drying.