Particulate material handling systems

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 60/391,959 filed on Jun. 28, 2002.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates generally to material handling systems, and more particularly to belt conveyor/flighting handling systems.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

In the agricultural industry, systems for handling particulate materials such as grains and pulse crops as well as granular fertilizers have evolved over the years. Initially, standard augers were developed to move grains within and from threshers and combines as well to and from trucks to granaries and elevators. For their size, these auger systems are very efficient, being able to move large amounts of material at a relatively high speed. However, they also have the disadvantage of tending to grind the materials that they are moving, particularly where pulse crops, such as peas, are concerned. Crops that are damaged during movement have a lower quality grade and exhibit a poorer germination performance.

In order to diminish crop damage, belt conveyor systems are being used to a greater extent to move crops from one point to another. These conveyors have taken many forms such as flat endless belts with or without traversing ridges or paddles to keep the crop from flowing back down the belt particularly if the crop is being moved up an incline. To assist in containing the crop as it is being transported, belt conveyors have been developed wherein the endless belt is mounted within a cylindrical tube in such a manner that it conforms to at least the bottom inner surface of the tube to carry the crop through the tube. In this manner, the crops or other materials may be moved effectively with minimum damage. However, this type of belt conveyor system is restricted to shallow inclinations, i.e. in the order of 30 degrees, for moving materials. As the inclination of the conveyor increases from the horizontal, its capacity to move materials decreases. This results in the need for large conveyor systems and/or for exceptionally long conveyors for moving materials up to some desired elevation, which may be problematic where space is a factor.

Therefore, there is a need for an improved material handling system for minimizing damage to materials while being moved up an incline.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention is directed to a system for moving particulate material from a one location to another. The system comprises an endless belt, a mechanism for supporting the endless belt in such a manner that it takes on a substantially concave cross-section for cradling the particulate material as the endless belt means moves from the one location to the other and a flighting positioned a predetermined distance from the concaved belt along its length to drive the particulate material from the one location to the other as the flighting rotates.

For particulate materials such as granular fertilizer, pulse crops or grain, the speed at which the flighting and the belt are driven is controlled such that both move the material at approximately the same speed along the length of the system.

In accordance with another aspect of the invention, the material handling system comprises a tube structure having a first end and a second end, an endless belt running through the tube from the first end to the second end and outside the tube from the second end to the first end, wherein the belt substantially conforms to the inner surface of the tube. The system further includes a flighting structure positioned within the tube a predetermined distance from the belt, whereby the belt is adapted to be driven through the tube from the first end to the second end and the flighting is adapted to be rotated such that both move the particulate material through the tube from the first end and out of the second end.

In accordance with a further aspect of the invention, the system includes an intake mounted at the first end of the tube for receiving the particulate material. The intake includes mechanisms for supporting the endless belt and one end of the flighting.

In accordance with another aspect of the invention, the system includes a discharge mounted at the second end of the tube for discharging the particulate material. The discharge includes mechanisms for supporting the endless belt and a second end of the flighting.

In accordance with a further aspect of the invention, the system comprises a mechanism, which may be controlled to drive the belt and the flighting at predetermined relative speeds and at variable speeds. The drive mechanism may include motive power obtained from a power take-off (PTO) or hydraulic, electric or internal combustion motors. The belt and the flighting can be driven individually and may be synchronized.

In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a material handling system comprises a tube having a first end and a second end, an intake mounted at the first end of the tube, a discharge mounted at the second end of the tube, an endless belt, which runs from the intake through the tube to the discharge and back outside the tube to the intake, such that it conforms substantially to the inner surface of the tube, and a flighting positioned within the tube a predetermined distance from the belt, wherein the belt and the flighting are adapted to move particulate material through the tube from the intake to the discharge. The particulate material may be granular fertilizer, pulse crops, grain or other particulate material.

In accordance with a specific aspect of the invention, the tube is rigid and substantially circular, and comprises one or more sections. The intake has a front wall adjacent to the tube, a back wall, two side walls and a bottom, wherein the front wall has an opening to the tube, the back wall has a bearing structure for supporting the flighting and the bottom is shaped to be substantially flat near the back wall and substantially semicircular near the front wall. The intake further includes a roller mounted between the two sidewalls below the bottom to receive the endless belt. The discharge has a front wall adjacent to the tube, a back wall, two side walls and a bottom, wherein the front wall has an opening to the tube, the back wall has a bearing structure for supporting the flighting and the bottom is shaped to be substantially flat near the back wall and substantially semicircular near the front wall. The discharge further includes a roller mounted between the two sidewalls below the bottom to receive the endless belt. The rollers may be adjustably mounted in the intake and/or discharge to permit the tensioning of the belt, or an s-drive mechanism may be mounted on the system to tension the belt.

In accordance with a further specific aspect of the invention, the belt has a smooth inner surface and an irregular outer surface. The flighting comprises one or more flighting sections positioned end to end, each comprising a screw type auger of helical construction fixed to a shaft. The flighting sections may also have support mechanisms along the length of the tube.

Other aspects and advantages of the invention, as well as the structure and operation of various embodiments of the invention, will become apparent to those ordinarily skilled in the art upon review of the following description of the invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1

is a perspective view of a material handling system in accordance with the present invention

FIG. 2

is a top view of the material handling system shown in

FIG. 1

;

FIG. 3

is a side view of the material handling system shown in

FIG. 1

;

FIG. 4

illustrates a perspective view of an example of an intake for the material handling system;

FIG. 5

is a top view of the material handling system intake shown in

FIG. 4

;

FIG. 6

is a side view of the material handling system intake shown in

FIG. 4

;

FIG. 7

illustrates a perspective view of an example of a discharge for the material handling system;

FIG. 8

is a top view of the material handling system discharge shown in

FIG. 7

;

FIG. 9

is a side view of the material handling system discharge shown in

FIG. 7

;

FIG. 10

illustrates a perspective view of an example of a flighting support in the material handling system;

FIG. 11

is a top view of the material handling system flighting support shown in

FIG. 10

;

FIG. 12

is a side view of the material handling system flighting support shown in

FIG. 10

;

FIG. 13

is a schematic of a motor control system;

FIG. 14

illustrates a perspective view of an s-drive for tensioning the belt in the material handling system;

FIG. 15

is a top view of the s-drive shown in

FIG. 14

; and

FIG. 16

is a side view of the s-drive shown in FIG.

14

.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

One embodiment of a material handling system

1

in accordance with the present invention is shown in

FIGS. 1

to

3

. The system

1

generally comprises a tube structure

2

with a first end

3

and a second end

4

. The tube

2

, which is made from a metal or other rigid material, has a smooth inner surface and an inner cross-section that is substantially constant throughout its length. The tube

2

is preferably circular in cross-section; however, it may also be somewhat elliptical. The tube

2

may have a unitary construction or it may be assembled from two or more sections depending on the overall length of the system

1

desired. An intake

5

, which will described in more detail with respect to

FIGS. 4

to

6

, generally has the shape of a hopper that is mounted on the first end

3

of the tube

2

. A discharge

6

, which may include a spout

7

, is mounted on the second end of the tube

2

; the discharge

6

will also be described further with respect to

FIGS. 7

to

9

.

The material handling system

1

further includes an endless belt

10

, which is flexible both along its length and across its width. Belt

10

is mounted on rollers

11

and

12

at the first and second ends

3

and

4

respectively of the tube

2

such that the belt

10

runs through the tube

2

between the rollers

11

and

12

and returns on the outside of the tube

2

between rollers

12

and

11

. As illustrated, the belt

10

run within the tube

2

conforms substantially to the shape of the tube

3

and covers a portion of the bottom inner surface of the tube structure

3

such that most of the particulate material being moved through the system

1

is not in direct contact with the tube

2

. The width of the belt

10

may vary from one application to the next; for instance, the belt

10

may cover substantially the entire inner surface of the tube

2

or only a fraction of the inner surface, depending on the volume of particulate material moving through the tube

2

. However, for most applications, it is preferred that the belt

10

cover approximately the bottom half of inner surface of the tube

3

to form a semi-circular shape in cross-section. As illustrated, tube

2

provides support for the belt

10

and causes the belt

10

to form a substantially concave cross-section for cradling the particulate material as the belt

10

moves from one end

3

to the other end

4

. In the preferred embodiment, a tube

2

that is completely closed is used to prevent spillage and to assure structural integrity, however other support structures, such as an elongated trough that is open at the top along its length or even a series of arcuate supports, may be used as long as they properly support the belt

10

.

The rollers

11

and

12

are generally cylindrical, and one or both of the rollers

11

,

12

may be used to properly tension the belt

10

. Alternately, an s-drive

140

, as described with respect to

FIGS. 14

to

16

, may be used to tension the belt

10

. The belt

10

, returning from roller

12

to roller

11

, would normally be flat conforming to the shape of cylindrical rollers

11

,

12

. Depending on the length of the tube

2

, the belt

10

may be further supported by additional rollers

13

, which are mounted by brackets

14

to the tube

2

.

Belt

10

preferably has a slider back whereby it is finished with nylon or some other similar material, on its inner surface

15

, to permit it to slide freely over the inside surface of the tube

10

. The outer surface

16

of belt

10

may be provided with a rough irregular or patterned surface

8

, to enhance the friction between it and the particulate material being moved.

Further, in accordance with the present invention, the material handling system

1

includes a flighting

17

that is mounted inside the tube structure

2

in such a manner that it is suspended above the belt

10

to avoid contact between the flighting

17

and the belt

10

throughout its length. Conventionally, the flighting

17

is a screw type auger

18

of helical construction fixed to a shaft

19

. Depending on the length of the tube

2

, one or more flighting sections

17

a,

17

b,

. . . may be mounted within the tube

2

between flighting supports

20

to assure the stability of the flightings

17

a,

17

b,

and to prevent edge

21

of the rotating auger

18

from striking the belt

10

or the interior surface of the tube

2

. Details of the supports

20

will be described further with respect to

FIGS. 10

to

12

.

Both the belt

10

and the flighting

17

provide a forward motion to the material being transported through the tube

2

, the result being that the grinding of the material by the flighting

17

is minimized, while maintaining a high capacity to move material up relatively sharp inclines. This system can be used with any type of particulate material, however it is particularly advantageous for the handling of grains and pulse crops that are sensitive to impact damage. The system

1

has many applications such as short runs for moving grain in combine equipment, for loading seeders, as drill fills, on seed carts and as stationary units. The systems

1

may also be implemented as long runs where the system is mounted on wheels with a fixed or a scissor lift. In the latter case, the system

1

may also include tension cables to support the ends of the tube.

The intake

5

illustrated in

FIGS. 4

to

6

is attached to the first end

3

of the tube

2

. The intake includes a front wall

51

, a back wall

52

, two sidewalls

53

and a bottom

54

. The front wall

51

has a circular opening

55

with substantially the same circumference as the tube

2

. In this particular embodiment, a motor

57

, such as a hydraulic motor, is mounted on the back wall

52

; the motor

57

has the dual function of supporting the shaft

19

of the flighting

17

as well as rotating the flighting

17

. The motor

57

is mounted on the wall

52

either in such a manner that it is fixed in one position or, alternately, such that it may be adjusted vertically to vary the distance between the flighting

17

and the belt

10

. In an alternate embodiment, where the flighting

17

is rotated from its other end, the flighting

17

shaft

19

may be supported by a bearing support fixed to wall

52

in a similar manner as that described with regard to the motor

57

. A roller

11

is mounted between the walls

53

on bearings

58

in such a manner that it can be adjusted along the length of the intake

5

to tension the belt

10

. When alternate belt tensioning methods are used, the roller

11

may still be adjustable for tracking purposes. The roller

11

may be mounted inside intake

5

in front of the back wall

52

, however to prevent loss of material, it is preferably located outside of the intake

5

with the top of the roller

11

being at approximately the same level as the bottom

54

of the intake

5

. The bottom

54

of the intake

5

is shaped such that it is flat at the roller

11

end of the intake

5

and is curved to form an approximate half cylinder at wall

51

. In this way, the belt

10

will take the shape of the bottom

54

as the belt

10

moves towards the tube

2

where the belt

10

will conform to the circular shape of the tube

2

as it enters the tube

2

. Wall

51

further includes a slot opening under the bottom

54

to allow the belt

10

to return to the roller

11

. The roller

11

may be a free wheeling coasting roller or a hydraulic motor or other drive mechanism may be coupled to it to drive the belt

10

.

Though the end of the flighting

17

is shown as penetrating the entire intake

5

substantially to the back wall

52

, this need not be the case. The auger

18

of the flighting

17

may start at any point on the shaft

19

within the intake

5

. The top edge of the intake

5

is shown as having a flange

59

to which may be attached an extended rigid or flexible hopper to facilitate the loading of the materials into the material handling system

1

.

The discharge

6

illustrated in

FIGS. 7

to

9

is attached to the second end

4

of the tube

2

. The discharge

6

includes a front wall

61

, a back wall

62

, two sidewalls

63

and a bottom

64

. The front wall

61

has a circular opening

65

having substantially the same circumference as the tube

2

. Mounted within the back wall

62

is a bearing support

66

for the shaft

19

of the flighting

17

. The bearing support

66

is mounted on the wall

62

in such a way that it is fixed in one position or alternately such that it may be adjusted vertically to vary the distance between the flighting

17

and the belt

10

. In addition, as illustrated in this embodiment, a gearbox

67

may be mounted on the wall

62

and coupled to the shaft

19

. The gearbox

67

may also be used to replace the bearing support

66

to support the flighting

17

. Further, roller

12

is mounted between the walls

63

on bearings

68

. The roller

12

is mounted inside discharge

6

in front of the back wall

62

with the top of the roller

12

being at approximately the same level as the bottom

64

of the discharge

6

. The bottom

64

of the discharge is shaped such that it forms an approximate half cylinder at wall

61

and is flat at the roller

12

end of the discharge

6

. In this way, the belt

10

will be taking the shape of the bottom

64

as it moves towards the roller

12

. The roller

12

may be a free wheeling coasting roller or a motor may be coupled to it to drive the belt

10

.

In

FIG. 7

, the gearbox

67

is shown as having a gear

69

, which may be used for coupling to a motor to drive the flighting

17

as well as to chain drive a further gear

70

that is coupled to the roller

12

such that the flighting

17

and belt

10

are driven in synchronism; however, other methods may be used to synchronously drive the belt

10

and the flighting

17

, such as direct gearing, a belt drive or other well known method. A spout

7

is further mounted on the discharge

6

such that the material transported by the system

1

and coming off of the belt

10

will drop out of the system

1

through the spout

7

.

Though the end of the flight

17

is shown as penetrating the entire discharge

6

substantially to the back wall

62

, this need not be the case. The auger

18

on the flight

17

may end anywhere within the discharge

6

and preferably at a location near the top of the roller

12

. To prevent the loss of material from the system, a cover plate may be attached to the top of discharge

6

by flange

71

.

The flighting support

20

shown in

FIGS. 10

to

12

includes a bearing housing

80

into which the shafts

19

are coupled, a horizontal rod

81

which is fixed to the tube

2

and a vertical rod

82

that is fixed to the bearing housing

80

at one end and that is either fixed or adjustably connected to the horizontal rod

81

depending on the application of the system. In the latter case, the flightings

17

a,

17

b

may be adjusted within the tube

2

in a direction perpendicular to the length of the tube

2

to vary the distance between the flighting

17

and the belt

10

.

Though the use of hydraulic motors was described above with regard to

FIGS. 4

to

9

, other forms of motive power can be used, such as a tractor's power take-off (PTO) as well as conventional electric or internal combustion motors, to drive the endless belt

10

and the flighting

17

to transport a material through the tube

2

of the material handling system

1

. In some applications, it is preferred to have the driving mechanism at the intake

5

particularly where a PTO is used or where it is desired to keep the hydraulic hoses as short as possible. In other applications, such as when the system

1

is being used with a cone bottom discharge granary, it is preferred to have the motor, electric or hydraulic mounted out of the way near the discharge

6

. As examples, in the

FIG. 4

embodiment, the motor is shown as being at the intake

5

end of the system, while in

FIG. 7

embodiment, the belt and flighting

17

are shown as being driven at the discharge

6

end of the system

1

.

In operation, the belt

10

and the flighting

17

are both activated before material is delivered to intake

5

. The endless belt

10

is driven through the tube structure

2

from the first end

3

of the tube

2

to the second end

4

of the tube

2

and returns from the discharge

6

end of the tube

2

to the intake

5

end on the outside of the tube

2

. Material delivered to the intake

5

is driven through the tubing structure

2

by the moving belt

10

and the rotating flighting

17

to the discharge

6

. Substantial improvement in grade quality is noted for a crop being transported when both the belt

10

and the flighting

17

are moving the crop. However, it is preferred that the relative speed between the flighting

17

and the belt

10

be synchronized such that the crop is being driven at substantially the same speed whether it is being carried by the belt

10

or the flighting

17

.

As illustrated in

FIG. 7

, one method of guaranteeing that the belt

10

and the flighting

17

will operate at the proper relative speeds is to select the proper gear ratio for fixed gears

69

and

70

that are driven by PTO, speed adjustable hydraulic, electric or internal combustion motor. Alternately, a control box

130

, as illustrated schematically in

FIG. 13

, may be used to control the relative speeds of individual belt and flighting motors

131

and

132

respectively based on a first input identifying the type of material being handled and a second input for varying the overall speed of the system

1

. In this way, the relative speeds of the belt

10

and flighting

17

can be optimized and the grinding of the crop between the flighting

17

and the belt

10

is minimized.

It has also been determined that, to transport different materials effectively and efficiently, it is desirable to adjust the speed of the belt

10

and the flighting

17

for different materials. In the embodiment described with regard to

FIG. 13

, this may be done by inputting the control box

130

; while in the embodiment shown in

FIG. 7

, the speed adjustable motor may be controlled to achieve the ideal system speed for the application.

As described above with regard to

FIGS. 4

to

12

, the flighting

17

may be fixed or adjusted within the tube

2

to vary the distance of the edge

21

of the auger

18

from the belt

10

. Since both the belt

10

and the flighting

17

are moving, very little material will be ground between the two, however to optimize the system

1

, it may be desirable to adjust the spacing between the edge

21

and the belt

10

such that the spacing is greater than the maximum size of the materials being transported. In some applications, the system

1

will be used for a very specific particulate material such as in seeders, in these cases it may be preferably to have the flighting

17

fixed at a specific predetermined distance from the belt

10

. In other applications, the system may be used for a variety of particulate materials, in these cases it may be preferable to have the flighting

17

adjustable to set the predetermined distances for the different materials in question.

Rather then having rollers

11

and/or

12

adjustably mounting as shown in

FIGS. 4

to

9

to tension the belt

10

, a conventional s-drive

140

of the type illustrated in

FIGS. 14

to

16

may be used. The s-drive

140

includes a structure

141

to fix the s-drive to the tube

2

. Four rollers

142

,

143

,

144

, and

145

are mounted within the structure

141

such that the belt

10

traces an s-pattern through the structure

141

. Rollers

142

to

143

are generally fixed while the position of roller

145

is adjustable by a bolt

146

to vary the tension on the belt

10

. In addition, in some embodiments, the s-drive

140

may be used to drive the belt

10

by connecting a motor to one of the rollers such as roller

144

.

As seen from the above, an advantage of the system

1

in accordance with the present invention is its versatility in being capable of operating through a range of inclination angles from the horizontal while at the same time minimizing the damage caused to the materials being handled. The maximum operating angle of inclination surpasses the maximum angle of inclination of belt only tube conveyors for any given material while exhibiting a higher throughput capacity.

While the invention has been described according to what is presently considered to be the most practical and preferred embodiments, it must be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Those ordinarily skilled in the art will understand that various modifications and equivalent structures and functions may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the claims. Therefore, the invention as defined in the claims must be accorded the broadest possible interpretation so as to encompass all such modifications and equivalent structures and functions.