UPRIGHT PIANO ACTION MECHANISM |
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申请号 | EP15862557.4 | 申请日 | 2015-07-21 | 公开(公告)号 | EP3142104A1 | 公开(公告)日 | 2017-03-15 |
申请人 | Yuugengaisha Jishu Urawa Ongakukan; | 发明人 | YAGIHASHI, Masao; | ||||
摘要 | The purpose of the present invention is to provide an upright piano action mechanism that improves sound quality relating to dynamic range and the like and facilitates repetition of the same note on the keyboard of the upright piano and any form of key pressing such as repetition and play-ing at half-touch while playing at pianissimo and half touch with the damper pedal depressed. The action mechanism is configured to either reinforce the spring force of a single hammer butt spring or use two hammer butt springs. When using two hammer butt springs, a butt range cord is provided with a twisted part to cause the hook of the two hammer butt springs to be caught by a ring-shaped part at the tip of the twisted part and the twisted part. The action mechanism uses a material with excellent lubricity for a hammer butt skin while reinforcing the elasticity of a jack spring, and is provided with a rubber-based cushion having a protrusion made of an elastic material with a through-hole along the rear surface of a jack stop rail and the front and rear surfaces of a damper stop rail. | ||||||
权利要求 | |||||||
说明书全文 | The present invention relates to an upright piano action mechanism, and more particularly, to an upright piano action mechanism that improves sound quality related to repetition of the same note when a keyboard is continuously depressed, a half touch, a dynamic range, and the like. Note that in the following description, assume that the term "front side" refers to a side of a piano that is closer to a person playing the piano, and the term "back side" refers to a side of the piano that is farther from the person playing the piano. In conventionally-known grand pianos, strings are stretched horizontally and these strings are struck by hammers that pivot backward, and then the hammers can be rapidly returned to their original positions by their own weight. A grand piano uses a jack and a double escapement action that allows a repetition lever for returning the jack below the hammers to escape. This structure enables quick repetition of the same note on a grand piano. On the other hand, an upright piano has a structure in which strings are stretched vertically and when jacks push up hammer butts in association with a keyboard-depressing operation, hammers supported by the hammer butts pivot in the direction in which the strings are arranged and the strings stretched vertically are struck by the hammers. Accordingly, in the upright piano, the own weight of each hammer is less likely to act, unlike in the grand piano, and thus the upright piano has a structure in which the hammers are forcibly returned to their original positions by a spring force to be ready for the subsequent key-pressing operation. Thus, the upright piano has drawbacks that the upright piano has a complicated structure and is inferior to the grand piano in terms of repetition of the same note. However, a vertical upright piano has such advantages as being more compact than a horizontal grand piano and being more inexpensive than the grand piano. Therefore, various modifications have been conventionally made on the upright piano to improve the repetition of the same note which is a drawback of the upright piano, and to achieve a sense of touch during key-pressing operation and a dynamic range in terms of sound quality that are comparable to those of a grand piano. In this regard, refer to Patent Document 1 as related art. In this related art, after a hammer is caused to pivot backward to strike a string, a hammer butt spring urging force for urging a hammer butt supporting the hammer is reinforced to return the hammer forward. Accordingly, in the structure disclosed in this document, a stopper is provided below a hammer butt flange cord that supports a hammer butt spring. However, in the structure disclosed in this document, since it is necessary to provide a stopper separately in addition to the existing components, the structure has a disadvantageous in that the structure of the hammer butt spring is more complicated. Note that in the present invention, it is desirable to improve an upright piano to have an action structure to be easily modified, instead of making the complicated action structure of the upright piano more complex, a mounting work or the like can be performed not only on new upright pianos to be produced but also on the existing upright pianos, by a piano tuner or the like. Further, Patent Document 2 discloses a structure in which a spindle is attached to any one of the operation members, such as a hammer butt, a swing shank (hammer shank), a swing member (hammer), a catcher, and a catcher shank, which are members that constitute an upright piano action mechanism, so as to achieve the perception of a sense of touch which is rich in the mass feeling like in grand pianos. In this structure, each spindle is attached so that a load acts in a direction opposite to the direction in which the operation members pivot during key pressing, thereby achieving the perception of a sense of touch during key pressing that is comparable to that on a grand piano. However, this sense of touch is perceived by fingers and hands of a performer. It is more important to improve the phenomenon in which no sound is produced at half-touch, which is one of well-known drawbacks of upright pianos. In other words, there is a demand for improving the structure of an upright piano so as to be able to produce a softest sound, such as a pianissimo sound, even when a key board is depressed and then depressed halfway again without returning the key to a non-key-pressing position.
In the upright pianos described above, after a key is pressed, the keyboard needs to be returned to its original position to produce the next sound. However, in the upright pianos of related art, when a keyboard is continuously pressed, the hammer butt returns earlier than the return of the jack to the position below the hammer butt, which inhibits the return of the jack. Accordingly, when a quick touch or half touch is implemented in the subsequent key pressing operation, the jack fails to push up the hammer butt, so that an idle strike occurs. Therefore, in order to enable the repetition of the same note and the production of a softest sound such as a pianissimo sound by half touch on the upright piano, it is necessary to return the jack rapidly. However, for example, even if only the jack spring is improved to assist the return of the jack, there is an inconveniences such as an occurrence of a time lag in the operations for other parts. For this reason, there is a need to improve each part of the action mechanism comprehensively that are related to the jack returning operation. The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide an upright piano action mechanism which can deal with various keyboard pressing operations on an upright piano, such as repetition of the same note when a keyboard is continuously depressed, playing at pianissimo, playing at half-touch, and repetition of the same note and a half touch with the damper pedal depressed, and which achieves an improvement in sound quality related to a dynamic range and the like. To solve the above-mentioned object, an upright piano action mechanism of the present invention is an upright piano action mechanism including: a jack that performs an upward push-up operation in association with a keyboard-depressing operation; a hammer butt that pivots backward, which is a string side, by the push-up operation of the jack; a hammer shank supported by the hammer butt; a hammer that strikes a string provided at a leading end of the hammer shank; a damper stop rail that damps a motion of a damper wire; a hammer butt skin provided on a push-up surface of the hammer butt; a hammer butt spring that urges the hammer forward after the string is struck; a jack spring that urges the jack in a returning direction which is an opposite to a direction in which a key is pressed; and a jack stop rail that regulates inclination of the jack after keyboard pressing and controls a motion range of the jack. In the upright piano action mechanism, a long rubber-based cushion member is provided to exert an elastic force related to a resistance force and a restoring force by forming, along a rear surface of the jack stop rail, a protrusion with a through-hole formed in an elastic member; and a return of the jack is elastically urged when the jack comes into contact with the cushion member immediately after escaping from the hammer butt skin. It is preferable that an upright piano action mechanism according to the present invention is characterized in that two elastic wires are used as the hammer butt spring and a butt flange cord is provided with a twisted part to allow hooks of the two hammer butt springs to be respectively hooked to the twisted part and a ring-shaped part at a tip of the twisted part. It is preferable that an upright piano action mechanism according to the present invention is characterized in that a long rubber-based cushion member is provided to exert an elastic force related to a resistance force and an restoring force by forming, along a front surface and a rear surface of the damper stop rail, a protrusion with a through-hole formed in an elastic member; and the hammer shank and the damper wire come into contact with the cushion member when the string is struck, a resistance is applied to a motion of the hammer shank and the damper wire and an elastic force is urged in a returning direction of the hammer shank and the damper wire. It is preferable that an upright piano action mechanism according to the present invention is characterized in that EPDM (ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber) is used as a rubber-based cushion member to be attached along a rear surface of the jack stop rail, and to be attached along front and rear surfaces of the damper stop rail. According to the present invention, the elastic force of the hammer butt spring is reinforced to thereby allow the hammer butt to be rapidly returned to the subsequent attitude to be pushed up by the jack. This contributes to an increase in the number of repetition of the same note during a performance and attainment of a half touch (in particular, playing at pianissimo and repetition of the same note and a half touch with the damper pedal depressed). As for the material of the hammer butt skin, since a material having excellent lubricity is processed like in the present invention, or artificial leather having excellent lubricity is used, the removal of the jack from the push-up surface of the hammer butt is facilitated, and a response to the motion of the hammer butt is improved. With this structure, a returning velocity for a quick return to the subsequent attitude to be subsequently pushed up by the jack can be improved. This contributes to an improvement in a sense of touch during key pressing, an increase in the number of repetition of the same note during a performance, and attainment of a half touch, in particular, repetition of the same note and a half touch when a pianissimo sound is produced. The elastic force of the jack spring is reinforced to thereby allow the jack to be rapidly returned, so that the jack is rapidly brought into a stand-by state and returned to the position below the push-up surface of the hammer butt. This contributes to attainment of repetition of the same note and a half touch. Further, during a key-pressing operation at pianissimo or half-touch, when the jack comes into contact with the cushion member which is attached along the rear surface of the jack stop rail, immediately after escaping from the hammer butt skin, in a state where the keyboard is depressed to a lowermost position, the resistance of the cushion member allows the motion range of the jack to be regulated in the range immediately after the escape from the hammer butt skin. With this structure, the repetition of the same note can be reliably achieved and a delicate sound can be expressed. During a key-pressing operation at fortissimo or all touch, the jack comes into contact with the cushion member, which is attached along the rear surface of the jack stop rail, immediately after escaping from the butt skin, to elastically urge the return of the jack to release the keyboard depression, so that the jack is rapidly returned to the position (below the push-up surface of the hammer butt) immediately after the escape after key pressing by the restoring force and elastic force of the cushion member. This structure allows the jack to rapidly return to the position below the push-up surface of the hammer butt, enables repetition of string striking, increase the accuracy of the key pressing function, and enable a performance with a dynamic range. Furthermore, the hammer shank comes into contact with the cushion members which are attached along the front surface and the rear surface of the damper stop rail during string striking, thereby a resistance is applied to the motion of the hammer shank and an elastic force is urged in the returning direction of the hammer shank. Thus, the resistance is applied to the motion of the hammer shank in the state where the keyboard is depressed to the lowermost position at pianissimo or half-touch, and it is possible to reproduce aftertouch, which is unique to a grand piano, on the upright piano as well. The elastic force of the cushion member that is obtained when the hammer shank is hit during string striking allows the hammer shank to be elastically urged in the returning direction, so that the hammer can be assisted to move promptly and delicately. Note that the above-mentioned term "aftertouch" refers to a sense of touch when the performer feels a slight hooked feeling during keyboard pressing in the structure of a grand piano. This aftertouch is not felt at all on conventional upright pianos and electronic pianos. However, the cushion members which are attached along the front surface and the rear surface of the damper stop rail of the present invention are cushion members which have a protrusion with a through-hole formed in an elastic member. Because of this, the cushion members allow the elastic force related to the resistance force and the restoring force to be exerted, and have flexibility in dealing with various key pressing operations. Accordingly, in an initial stage in which the hammer shank comes into contact with the cushion members during string striking, the protrusion having the through-hole of each cushion member is pressed with a small pressing force, and in a later stage in which the protrusion is pressed, the depressed keyboard is pressed by applying a large elastic force, thereby it is possible to reproduce the above-mentioned aftertouch. Therefore, according to the present invention described above, a synergistic improvement for increasing the returning velocity of the jack can be provided, and the repetition of the same note that is comparable to or more than that on a grand piano can be achieved. Furthermore, when the depressed key is depressed again, a half touch that is comparable to or more than that on a grand piano can be achieved, and a dynamic range in terms of sound quality and the like can be improved. Moreover, according to the present invention, each part of the upright piano can be modified using the existing members as they are. Therefore, it is possible to easily improve the used pianos, or the pianos used by users, in the case of repairing each part of the existing pianos, as well as in the case of producing new upright pianos.
Embodiment of the present invention will be described with the drawings. First, the overall structure of an upright piano action mechanism according to an embodiment of the invention will be described. Referring to A front bushing cloth 2a is provided in a recess which is formed in a lower portion of each white key 1a in the vicinity of the leading end thereof. During key pressing, the front bushing cloth 2a is brought into contact with a front pin 2b which is provided under the front bushing cloth 2a, thereby the right and left positions of the keyboard 1 is stabilized. Note that the front pin 2b is formed into an oval shape, as it is also known as an oval pin, and the contact area of the front pin 2b is increased to thereby reduce friction of the front bushing cloth 2a. A front punching cloth 2c is attached to a lower portion of the keyboard 1 so as to prevent the generation of noise during key pressing of the keyboard 1 when it comes into contact with the front pin 2b. A keyboard reed 2d is a base on which the keyboard 1 is placed. A back rail cloth 1c which is provided at a lower portion of a rear end of the keyboard 1 regulates the positions in the height and depth of the keyboard 1 and functions as a cushion material to prevent the generation of noise when the keyboard 1 returning. Further, a keyboard middle seat plate 4 is provided at substantially the center of the keyboard 1. The keyboard middle seat plate 4 has a balance hole (not shown) through which a balance pin 4b that is fixed to a base 4a passes. In this balance hole, a red balance bushing cloth 4c is generally attached in a state where the balance pin 4b is sandwiched therebetween. An appropriate gap formed by the balance bushing cloth 4c and the slippage of the balance bushing cloth 4c thereof stabilize the motion of the keyboard 1. Note that the each of keyboards 1 is supported by a balance punching cloth 4d which is provided on an upper part of the base 4a. The balance punching cloth 4d functions as a buffer for preventing the generation of noise during key pressing, and is important for adjustment of the height of the keyboard 1. A keyboard back seat plate 1d which is a base made of wood, is provided on an upper portion of the rear end of the keyboard 1 and is fixed to a capstan button 5 via a post wire 5a which is supported on an upper portion of the keyboard back seat plate 1d. As shown in As shown in A damper spoon 18 is attached to an upper front portion of the wippen 6. The damper spoon 18 has a function of allowing the damper assembly 8 to move, and is movable backward during key pressing to allow a damper lever 8a which is in contact with a string 19 to be separated from the string 19, so that a damper felt 11c of a damper head 11 is separated from the string 19 and thus the string 19 is ready to vibrate. Note that the way the damper spoon 18 touches the damper lever 8a is changed by finely adjusting the position of the damper spoon 18 in the front-rear direction, so that a change is produced in the touch of the keyboard 1. In general, as the damper spoon 18 touches the damper lever 8a rapidly, the player feels a heavy key touch, and as the damper spoon 18 touches the damper lever 8a slowly, the player feels a light key touch. As shown in In front of the damper wire 11d, a damper stop rail 16 is provided. The damper stop rail 16 regulates the motion of the damper wire 11d. In such a structure, the damper stop rail 16 also operates as a cushion for the damper wire 11d to be separated from the string 19 by the motion transmitted from the damper spoon 18. On the other hand, at an upper rear portion of the wippen 6, a wippen flange 14a which is fixed to the center rail 14 is pivotally attached with a wippen flange center pin 14b. Further, a hammer butt flange 15 is fixed to an upper rear portion of the center rail 14 by a hammer butt flange screw 15a, and a hammer butt 3 is pivotally attached to an upper portion of the hammer butt flange 15 with a hammer butt flange center pin 15b. As shown in Further, as shown in A jack flange 6c is fixed to an upper portion in the middle of the wippen 6, and a jack 20 is pivotally attached to the jack flange 6c through a jack flange center pin 6d. An upper end of the jack 20 functions to push up the hammer butt 3. At a front portion of a lower end of the jack 20, a jack tail 20a is formed so as to project forward, and an upper portion of a jack spring 21 is fit to a projection 20b which is provided on a lower surface of the jack tail 20a, and a lower portion of a jack spring 21 is supported by a recess 6e which is formed in an upper surface of the wippen 6, so that the motion of the jack 20 is urged during key pressing. At a lower portion on the front side of the hammer butt 3, a hammer butt felt 22a shown in As shown in A hammer rail 26 is attached to an action bracket 28 to stabilize the hammer 23 which has returned after string striking. A hammer felt 26a is fixed to a rear portion of the hammer rail 26 as a buffer, and prevents the generation of a hitting sound when the hammer shank 23a returns to the hammer rail 26 side. Next, as shown in With this structure, after the hammer 23 strikes the string, the catcher 24 is stopped by the back check felt 25b of the back check 25 via the catcher skin 24b, so that the motion of the hammer 23 is inhibited after string striking. The position of the hammer 23 that is stopped after striking the string 19 is determined depending on the position in the front-rear direction where the catcher 24 is stopped. At this time, the catcher skin 24b absorbs an impact and the back check felt 25b also absorbs an impact, thereby the generation of noise is prevented. Note that since the upright piano has a structure in which the action mechanism is vertically placed, it is difficult to return a hammer mechanism to its original position by its own weight, unlike in a grand piano. Accordingly, an auxiliary component such as the bridle tape is required to rapidly return the hammer mechanism to its original position after key pressing. A damper rod 29 is fixed to a rear portion in the middle of the center rail 14. The damper rod 29 is connected to a damper pedal which is not shown. The damper pedal is a rightmost long note pedal among three pedals which are generally mounted on a piano. When the damper pedal is depressed, all dampers are moved at once, so that every note can sustain after key pressing. When the damper pedal is released, the dampers are returned, so that sustained notes are cut off. Note that a damper lever cloth 8e which is brought into contact with the damper spoon 18 is attached to a lower portion of the damper lever 8a, and prevents friction with the damper spoon 18 to thereby prevent the generation of noise. On the other hand, a regulating screw 27 is fixed to the front side in the middle of the center rail 14. The regulating screw 27 is rotatable in the right-left direction by a dedicated tool, and can adjust the raising angle of the jack 20. Specifically, when the regulating screw 27 is rotated leftward, namely counterclockwise, a regulating button 27a which is attached to the regulating screw 27 moves upward, a time when the regulating button 27a comes into contact with the jack tail 20a increases, and the time required for the jack 20 to escape from the hammer butt 3 increases. Further, as the escape of the hammer 23 approaches the string 19, the time required for transmitting the motion to the hammer 23 increases. As a result, the sound volume is increased and the control for producing a pianissimo sound is facilitated during a performance. On the contrary, when the regulating screw 27 is rotated rightward, namely clockwise, the regulating button 27a moves downward, so that an effect opposite to that of the above-mentioned case is provided. With this structure, the motion of the jack tail 20a which is provided on the jack 20 can be controlled and the motion of the hammer 23 by the jack 20 that is applied by key depressing can be changed. Note that the adjustment of the regulating screw 27 is called an approach adjustment, and is especially important among the adjustments of the action of the upright piano. Accordingly, when the jack tail 20a is raised, the position where the jack tail 20a is reliably supported in a bitten manner at the center of the cloth provided at a lower end of the regulating button 27a is important. During key pressing, the jack tail 20a is raised upward and brought into contact with the regulating button 27a, so that the hammer 23 approaches the string 19, and thus the position for escape of the hammer 23 before contacting the string 19 is determined. If the hammer 23 is located extremely close to the string 19, the sound is cut off. If the hammer 23 is located extremely far from the string 19, it is difficult to produce a forte sound, and especially, a pianissimo sound. Note that the action mechanism described above is held at a predetermined height by the action bracket 28 which is attached to a piano body side with an action bolt nut 28a. In the upright piano action mechanism having the structure as described above, in order to reinforce the elastic force of the hammer butt spring 7 in this embodiment, as shown in Specifically, when one hammer butt spring 7 is used, as shown in Next, in the case of attaching one hammer butt spring 7, as shown in As shown in Note that in As shown in Further, at a leading end of the typical hammer butt flange cord 10 shown in As described above, not only when one thick hammer butt spring 7 is used, but also when two hammer butt springs 7(1) and 7(2) are used, the elastic force can be reinforced in comparison with the case where one conventional hammer butt spring is used, and the hammer butt 3 can be rapidly returned to the subsequent attitude to be pushed up by the jack 20. This contributes to an increase in the number of repetition of the same note during a performance and an attainment of a half touch (in particular, playing at pianissimo and repetition of the same note and a half touch with the damper pedal depressed). In this embodiment, as the material of the hammer butt skin 22 having excellent lubricity as shown in In the structure described above, as shown in Further, the frictional resistance between the leading end of the jack 20 and the hammer butt skin 22 can be reduced by the lubricity of the hammer butt skin 22, and when the jack tail 20a comes into contact with the regulating button 27a and the leading end of the jack 20 reaches the inclined surface, the jack 20 is slipped and disconnected from the inclined surface of the hammer butt skin 22 at once. At this time, the push-up force of the jack 20 rapidly decreases, so that player perceives a sense of touch that the player is rapidly released from the resistance of key pressing when the keyboard 1 is depressed. The operation of the jack 20 as described above improves the removal from the push-up surface 17 of the hammer butt 3, as a result, the response of the motion of the hammer butt 3 is improved, and it is capable of improving in the returning velocity for a rapid return to the subsequent attitude to be pushed up by the jack 20. This contributes an improvement in a sense of touch during key pressing as described above, an increase in the number of repetition of the same note during a performance, and attainment of a half touch (in particular, playing at pianissimo and repetition of the same note and a half touch with the damper pedal depressed). Further, in this embodiment, as shown in This structure allows the jack 20 to be returned rapidly, so that the jack 20 is rapidly brought into a stand-by state to the position below the push-surface 17 of the hammer butt 3. This contributes to attainment of repetition of the same note and half touch. Further, in this embodiment, as shown in As the material of the rubber-based cushion members 13, EPDM (ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber) which has a light weight and an excellent elastic force may be used. As shown in In any of the above structures, an adjustment may be made such that the jack 20 pushes down the cushion member 13 by about 2 mm in the state where the keyboard 1 (see With this structure, when the jack 20 depresses the cushion member 13 in the state where the keyboard 1 (see Further, in this embodiment, as shown in In the structure described above, the cushion members 13 which are attached along the front surface and the rear surface of the damper stop rail 16 shown in In the structure described above, the cushion member 13 is attached to the rear surface of the damper stop rail 16. In detail, the cushion member 13 is attached in a range in which the damper wire 11d presses the cushion member 13 by about 1 mm at a distance of 4 mm from the damper wire 11d. Accordingly, it is possible to rapidly return the damper and assist the return of the entire wippen 6, in particular, to promote repetition of the same note and a half touch when a pianissimo sound is performed and the damper pedal is depressed. Note that also in the above-mentioned case, EPDM (ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber) which has a light weight and has an excellent elastic force may be used as the rubber-based cushion members 13. Further, the position of the protrusion 13b is provided at a central portion along the front surface and the rear surface of the damper stop rail 16 as shown in In each cushion member 13, the protrusion 13b having the through-hole 13a of the cushion member 13 is pressed with a small pressing force in the initial stage (see In the upright piano action mechanism according to the embodiment described above, synergistic improvements that the returning velocity of the jack 20 can be increased by comprehensively improving each part related to the returning velocity of the jack 20 and the motion range can be feely controlled depending on the way of key pressing can be achieved. Note that after conducting key pressing tests on the upright piano according to this embodiment, the inventor of this application has confirmed that the number of repetition of the same note, i.e., the repetition of the same note when the same keyboard 1 is continuously pressing can be increased to 14 or more per second, which is comparable to that of a grand piano. Moreover, as a half touch when the same keyboard 1 is depressed again after key pressing, i.e., a half touch comparable to that on a grand piano, repetition of the same note and a half touch when a forte or pianissimo sound is produced can be achieved by depressing the keyboard 1 by a half or one-third of the depth of each key. Also, in terms of sound quality, an advantageous effect of remarkable sound quality with an increase in the extent of the dynamic range and the like can be obtained. An upright piano action mechanism according to the present invention can deal with various key pressing operations, such as repetition of the same note when a keyboard of an upright piano is continuously depressed, playing at pianissimo, playing at half-touch, and a repetition of the same note and a half touch when a damper pedal is depressed, and can also be used as an upright piano action mechanism which has achieved an improvement in sound quality related to a dynamic range and the like.
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