Pneumatic gun

申请号 US10206013 申请日 2002-07-26 公开(公告)号 US06832605B2 公开(公告)日 2004-12-21
申请人 Kenneth Farrell; 发明人 Kenneth Farrell;
摘要 A pneumatic gun with separate hammer and recock piston function. Separate structures are provided for an impacter and for a recock piston. The recock piston engages the impacter during recocking. The impacter is latched in a cocked position, while the recock piston and bolt are returned to a closed bolt position after recocking the impacter, in readiness for firing. The gun fires from a closed bolt. Upon release by the impacter sear, the impacter moves to open a normally closed valve, directly or indirectly, to discharge compressed gas for firing a projectile and for recocking the gun. Various impacter shapes, recock piston shapes, and valve structures and operation are feasible while achieving the advantages of firing from a closed bolt in a semi-automatic gun.
权利要求

What is claimed is:1. A hammer assembly for use in a pneumatic gun, said pneumatic gun for firing projectiles by use of compressed gas as a propellant, said pneumatic gun comprising:(1) a recock chamber, and(2) a valve, said valve normally closed and impact openable, said valve comprising a valve seat;said hammer assembly comprising:(a) an impacter, said impacter slidably translatable within said recock chamber between a cocked position and a valve-opening position, said valve-opening position closer than said cocked position to said valve seat, said impacter biased toward said valve-opening position, said impacter comprising:(i) an impacter body portion;(ii) an impact imparting face, said valve receptive to an impact by said impact imparting face when said impacter moves to said valve-opening position, so that momentum is provided to said valve by said impacter to open said valve; and(iii) an impacter contact face;(b) a recock piston, said recock piston slidably translatable within said recock chamber between a piston ready-to-fire position and an impacter-cocking position, said piston ready-to-fire position closer than said impacter-cocking position to said valve seat, said recock piston directly or indirectly biased toward said piston ready-to-fire position, said recock piston comprising:(i) a pressure receiving face, said pressure receiving face slidable within said recock chamber; and(ii) a longitudinal passageway, said longitudinal passageway penetrating (A) said recock piston and (B) said pressure receiving face, to define in said pressure receiving face a transfer portal;said transfer portal disposed between said impacter body portion and said valve seat, so that the momentum provided by said impacter to open said valve passes through said transfer portal;said impacter contact face directly or indirectly engageable by said recock piston,wherein as said recock piston moves from said piston ready-to-fire position to said impacter-cocking position, said impacter moves from said valve opening position to said cocked position, andwherein said recock piston returns to said piston ready-to-fire position independently of said impacter;whereby said impacter and said recock piston separately provide a valve opening function and a recock function, respectively, for said pneumatic gun.2. A hammer assembly for use in a pneumatic gun, said pneumatic gun for firing projectiles by use of compressed gas as a propellant, said pneumatic gun comprising:(1) a first end and a second end;(2) a user actuable trigger(3) a gas reservoir, said gas reservoir for containing compressed gas therein;(4) a valve, said valve normally closed and impact openable for releasing, when open, compressed gas from said gas reservoir, said valve comprising an impact receiving face;(5) a recock chamber, said recock chamber comprising a sealable portion, said sealable portion in fluid communication with said valve so that when said valve is open a portion of the compressed gas released flows into said sealable portion,(6) an impacter sear, said impacter sear controlled by said user-actuable trigger;said hammer assembly comprising:(a) an impacter, said impacter slidably translatable within said recock chamber between a cocked position and a valve-opening position, said valve-opening position closer than said cocked position to said first end of said gun, said impacter biased toward said valve-opening position, said impacter comprising:(i) an impact imparting face, said impact imparting face acting on said impact receiving face when said impacter moves to said valve-opening position, so that momentum is provided to said valve by said impacter to open said valve;(ii) an impacter contact face; and(iii) a sear shoulder, said sear shoulder engageable by said impacter sear when said impacter is in said cocked position, so that said impacter is restrained in said cocked position until said impacter is released in response to actuation of said user-actuable trigger;(b) a recock piston, said recock piston slidably translatable within said recock chamber between a piston ready-to-fire position and an impacter-cocking position, said piston ready-to-fire position closer than said impacter-cocking position to said first end of said gun, said recock piston directly or indirectly biased toward said piston ready-to-fire position, said recock piston comprising a pressure receiving face, said pressure receiving face slidable within said sealable portion of said recock chamber, said pressure receiving face responsive to the urging of the portion of compressed gas released into said sealable portion of said recock chamber to move said recock piston from said piston ready-to-fire position to said impacter-cocking position;said impacter contact face directly or indirectly engageable by said recock piston,wherein as said recock piston moves from said piston ready-to-fire position to said impacter-cocking position, said impacter moves from said valve-opening position to said cocked position, andwherein said recock piston returns to said piston ready-to-fire position while said impacter is restrained in said cocked position by said impacter sear,whereby said impacter and said recock piston separately provide a valve opening function and a recock function, respectively, for said pneumatic gun.3. A hammer assembly for use in a pneumatic gun, said pneumatic gun for firing projectiles by use of compressed gas as a propellant, said pneumatic gun comprising:(1) a user-actuable trigger(2) a gas reservoir, said gas reservoir for containing compressed gas therein;(3) a valve, said valve normally closed and impact openable for releasing, when open, compressed gas from said gas reservoir, said valve comprising an impact receiving face and a valve seat;(4) a recock chamber, said recock chamber comprising a sealable portion, said sealable portion being in fluid communication with said valve so that when said valve is open a portion of the compressed gas released flows into said sealable portion;(5) an impacter sear, said impacter sear controlled by said user-actuable trigger;said hammer assembly comprising:(a) an impacter, said impacter slidably translatable within said recock chamber between a cocked position and a valve-opening position, said valve-opening position closer than said cocked position to said valve seat, said impacter biased toward said valve-opening position, said impacter comprising:(i) an impacter body portion;(ii) an impact imparting face, said impact imparting face acting on said impact receiving face when said impacter moves to said valve-opening position, so that momentum is provided to said valve by said impacter to open said valve;(iii) an impacter contact face; and(iv) a sear shoulder, said sear shoulder engageable by said impacter sear when said impacter is in said cocked position, so that said impacter is restrained in said cocked position until said impacter is released in response to actuation of said user-actuable trigger;(b) a recock piston, said recock piston slidably translatable within said recock chamber between a piston ready-to-fire position and an impacter-cocking position, said piston ready-to-fire position closer than said impacter-cocking position to said valve seat, said recock piston directly or indirectly biased toward said piston ready-to-fire position, said recock piston comprising:(i) a pressure receiving face, said pressure receiving face oriented toward said valve seat and slidable within said sealable portion of said recock chamber, said pressure receiving face responsive to the urging of the portion of compressed gas released into said sealable portion of said recock chamber to move said recock piston from said piston ready-to-fire position to said impacter-cocking position;(ii) a longitudinal passageway, said longitudinal passageway penetrating (A) said recock piston and (B) said pressure receiving face, to define in said pressure receiving face a transfer portal, said transfer portal disposed between said impacter body portion and said valve seat, so that the momentum provided by said impacter to said valve to open said valve passes through said transfer portal;said impacter contact face directly or indirectly engageable by said recock piston, so that as said recock piston moves from said piston ready-to-fire position to said impacter-cocking position, said impacter moves from said valve-opening position to said cocked position, and so that said recock piston returns to said piston ready-to-fire position while said impacter remains restrained in said cocked position by said impacter sear;whereby said impacter and said recock piston separately provide a valve opening function and a recock function, respectively, for said pneumatic gun.4. A hammer assembly for use in a pneumatic gun, said pneumatic gun for firing projectiles by use of compressed gas as a propellant, said pneumatic gun comprising:(1) a user actuable trigger;(2) a forward end and a rearward end;(3) a gas reservoir, said gas reservoir for containing compressed gas therein;(4) a valve, said valve normally closed and impact openable to release compressed gas from said gas reservoir, said valve comprising a rearwardly directed impact receiving face;(5) a recock chamber, said recock chamber comprising forwardly a sealable portion, said sealable portion in fluid communication with said valve so that when said valve is open a portion of the compressed gas released flows into said sealable portion,(6) an impacter sear, said impacter sear controlled by said user-actuable trigger;said hammer assembly comprising:(a) an impacter, said impacter slidably translatable within said recock chamber between a cocked position and a valve-opening position, said impacter forwardly biased toward said valve-opening position, said impacter comprising:(i) an impacter body portion;(ii) an impact imparting face, said impact imparting face forwardly directed, said impact imparting face acting on said impact receiving face when said impacter moves to said valve-opening position, so that momentum is provided by said impacter to open said valve;(iii) a forwardly-directed impacter contact face; and(iv) a forwardly-directed sear shoulder, said sear shoulder engageable on said impacter sear when said impacter is in said cocked position, so that said impacter is restrained in said cocked position until said impacter is released in response to actuation of said user actuable trigger;(b) a recock piston, said recock piston slidably translatable within said recock chamber between a piston ready-to-fire position and an impacter-cocking position, said recock piston directly or indirectly biased forward toward said piston ready-to-fire position, said recock piston comprising a forwardly-directed pressure receiving face slidable within said sealable portion of said recock chamber, said pressure receiving face responsive to the urging of the portion of compressed gas released into said sealable portion of said recock chamber to move said recock piston from said piston ready-to-fire position to said impacter-cocking position;said impacter body portion located rearward of said pressure receiving face of said recock piston;said impacter contact face directly or indirectly engageable by said recock piston,wherein as said recock piston moves from said piston ready-to-fire position to said impacter-cocking position, said impacter moves from said valve-opening position to said cocked position, andwherein said recock piston returns to said piston ready-to-fire position while said impacter is restrained in said cocked position by said impacter sear;whereby said impacter and said recock piston separately provide a valve opening function and a recock function, respectively, for said pneumatic gun.5. A hammer assembly for use in a pneumatic gun, said pneumatic gun for firing projectiles by use of compressed gas as a propellant, said pneumatic gun comprising:(1) a user actuable trigger;(2) a forward end and a rearward end;(3) a gas reservoir, said gas reservoir for containing compressed gas therein;(4) a valve, said valve normally closed and impact openable to release compressed gas from said gas reservoir, said valve comprising a rearwardly directed impact receiving face;(5) a recock chamber, said recock chamber comprising forwardly a sealable portion, said sealable portion in fluid communication with said valve so that when said valve is open a portion of the compressed gas released flows into said sealable portion,(6) an impacter sear, said impacter sear controlled by said user-actuable trigger;said hammer assembly comprising:(a) an impacter, said impacter slidably translatable within said recock chamber between a cocked position and a valve-opening position, said impacter forwardly biased toward said valve-opening position, said impacter comprising:(i) an impacter body portion;(ii) an impact imparting face, said impact imparting face forwardly directed, said impact imparting face acting on said impact receiving face when said impacter moves to said valve-opening position, so that momentum is provided by said impacter to open said valve;(iii) a forwardly-directed impacter contact face; and(iv) a forwardly-directed sear shoulder, said sear shoulder engageable on said impacter sear when said impacter is in said cocked position, so that said impacter is restrained in said cocked position until said impacter is released in response to actuation of said user-actuable trigger;(b) a recock piston, said recock piston slidably translatable within said recock chamber between a piston ready-to-fire position and an impacter-cocking position, said recock piston directly or indirectly biased forward toward said piston ready-to-fire position, said recock piston comprising:(i) a forwardly-directed pressure receiving face, said pressure receiving face slidable within said sealable portion of said recock chamber, said pressure receiving face responsive to the urging of the portion of compressed gas released into said sealable portion of said recock chamber to move said recock piston from said piston ready-to-fire position to said impacter-cocking position: and(ii) a longitudinal passageway, said longitudinal passageway penetrating (A) said recock piston and (B) said pressure receiving face, to define in said pressure receiving face a transfer portal;said transfer portal located forward of said impacter body portion, so that the momentum provided by said impacter to open said valve passes through said transfer portal;said impacter contact face directly or indirectly engageable by said recock piston,wherein as said recock piston moves from said piston ready-to-fire position to said impacter-cocking position, said impacter moves from said valve-opening position to said cocked position, andwherein said recock piston returns to said piston ready-to-fire position while said impacter is restrained in said cocked position by said impacter sear;whereby said impacter and said recock piston separately provide a valve opening function and a recock function, respectively, for said pneumatic gun.6. The pneumatic gun as set forth in claim 5, further comprising:(a) a bolt chamber;(b) a loading port, said loading port when open accommodating the passage of a new projectile into said bolt chamber(c) a bolt, said bolt slidably translatable within said bolt chamber between:(i) a bolt open position, said loading port open when said bolt is in said bolt open position, and(ii) a bolt ready-to-fire position, said bolt closing said loading port when in said bolt ready-to-fire position, said bolt chambering said new projectile as said bolt moves from said bolt open position to said bolt ready-to-fire position;said bolt directly or indirectly biased forward toward said bolt ready-to-fire position;(d) a connecting rod, said connecting rod constraining said bolt and said recock piston to translate in concert.7. The pneumatic gun as set forth in claim 5, further comprising:(a) a bolt chamber;(b) a loading port, said loading port when open accommodating the passage of a projectile into said bolt chamber;(c) a bolt, said bolt slidably translatable within said bolt chamber between:(i) a bolt open position, said loading port open when said bolt is in said bolt open position, and(ii) a bolt ready-to-fire position, said bolt closing said loading port when in said bolt ready-to-fire position, said bolt chambering said new projectile as said bolt moves from said bolt open position to said bolt ready-to-fire position;said bolt directly or indirectly biased forward toward said bolt ready-to-fire position;(d) a bolt connection bar, said bolt connection bar comprising a forwardly-directed bolt contact face, said bolt contact face engageable with said recock piston so that (A) when said recock piston travels rearward to said impacter-cocking position said bolt is pushed rearward to said bolt open position, and (B) when said bolt travels forward to said bolt ready-to-fire position, said recock piston is pushed forward to said piston ready-to-fire position.8. The apparatus as set forth in claim 5, wherein said valve further comprises a valve seat and a valve ball, said valve ball comprising a first surface providing said impact receiving face and a second surface providing a valve seal, said valve ball sealingly engageable on said valve seat, said valve ball displaceable from said valve seat in response to impact to open said valve.9. The apparatus as set forth in claim 5, wherein said valve further comprises a valve pin, said valve pin comprising said impact receiving face.10. The apparatus as set forth in claim 9, wherein said valve pin fits in sliding engagement within and effectively seals said transfer portal against the passage of compressed gas during at least a portion of the rearward travel of said recock piston from said piston ready-to-fire position to said impacter-cocking position.11. The apparatus as set forth in claim 5, said impacter further comprises an elongated nose portion, said elongated nose portion comprising said impact imparting face, said elongated nose portion sized to fit slidably within said longitudinal passageway.12. The apparatus as set forth in claim 11, wherein said elongated nose portion is sized to substantially seal said longitudinal passageway, so that during recocking of said gun said elongated nose portion effectively prevents the escape of compressed gas through said longitudinal passageway during a portion of the rearward movement of said recock piston from said piston ready-to-fire position to said impacter-cocking position.13. The apparatus as set forth in claim 12, wherein said elongated nose portion is sufficiently short that when said impacter is in said cocked position, said longitudinal passageway is open during a portion the forward movement of said recock piston from said impacter-cocking position to said piston ready-to-fire position, so that compressed gas in said sealed portion of said recock chamber can escape through said longitudinal passageway and said transfer portal.14. The apparatus as set forth in clam 12, wherein said elongated nose portion further comprises a flat extending longitudinally on said elongated nose portion so when said impacter is in said cocked position, said longitudinal passageway is open to the flow of compressed gas from said recock chamber during a portion the forward displacement of said recock piston from said impacter-cocking position to said piston ready-to-fire position, so that compressed gas in said sealed portion of said recock chamber can escape through said longitudinal passageway and said transfer portal.15. The apparatus as set forth in claim 5, wherein said recock piston further comprises a transfer pin, said transfer pin situated interposed between said impact imparting face and said impact receiving face, said transfer pin transferring momentum of said impacter to said valve to open said valve, said transfer pin sized and shaped for close fitting engagement with, and slidingly translatable movement within, said transfer portal.16. The apparatus as set forth in claim 5, wherein said transfer portal is slidably receptive therethrough of one or more members selected from the group consisting of (A) an elongated nose portion of said impacter, said elongated nose portion comprising said impact imparting face, (B) a valve pin portion of said valve, said valve pin portion comprising said impact receiving face, and (C) a transfer pin, said transfer pin comprising (i) a transfer pin impact receiving face engageable on said impact imparting face of said impacter, and (ii) a transfer pin impact imparting face engageable on said impact receiving face of said valve.17. The apparatus as set forth in claim 5, said impacter body portion further comprises a middle portion, and wherein said recock piston further comprises a cavity, said cavity defined by interior sidewalls, said cavity sized and shaped so that said middle portion is slidable at least partially within said cavity.18. The apparatus as set forth in claim 17, wherein said recock piston further comprises a registration slot, and wherein said impacter further comprises a registration boss, said registration boss traveling slidingly rearward and forward through said registration slot and substantially preventing said impacter from rolling on its longitudinal axis.19. The apparatus as set forth in claim 18, wherein said registration boss is detachably affixable to said impacter.20. The apparatus as set forth in claim 18, wherein said registration boss further comprises said impacter sear shoulder.21. The apparatus as set forth in claim 5, said recock piston further comprises a recock piston bore defined by interior sidewalls, and wherein said impacter body portion fits slidably within said recock piston bore.22. The apparatus as set forth in claim 5, wherein said impacter body portion further comprises a middle portion, and wherein said recock piston further comprises a generally horizontally U-shaped structure having an interior sidewall, said structure having a primary open end oriented rearward, said U-shaped structure sized and shaped so that said middle portion is slidable at least partially within said structure.23. The apparatus as set forth in claim 5, wherein said gun further comprises a piston sear, and wherein said recock piston further comprises a piston sear engagement shoulder engageable on said piston sear to selectively restrain said recock piston in said impacter-cocking position.24. A hammer assembly for use in a pneumatic gun, said pneumatic gun for firing projectiles by use of compressed gas as a propellant, said pneumatic gun comprising:(1) a user actuable trigger,(2) a forward end and a rearward end;(3) a gas reservoir, said gas reservoir for containing compressed gas therein;(4) a valve, said valve normally closed and impact openable to release compressed gas from said gas reservoir, said valve comprising a rearwardly directed impact receiving face;(5) a recock chamber, said recock chamber comprising forwardly a sealable portion, said sealable portion in fluid communication with said valve so that when said valve is open a portion of the compressed gas released flows into said sealable portion,(6) an impacter sear, said impacter sear controlled by said user-actuable trigger;(7) a bolt chamber,(8) a loading port;(9) a bolt, said bolt slidably translatable within said bolt chamber between:(i) a bolt ready-to-fire position, said bolt when in said bolt ready-to-fire position closing said loading port, and(ii) a bolt open position, said bolt when in said bolt open position opening said loading port to accommodate the passage of a projectile into said bolt chamber forward of said bolt,said bolt directly or indirectly biased forward toward said bolt ready-to-fire position;said hammer assembly comprising:(a) an impacter, said impacter slidably translatable within said recock chamber between a cocked position and a valve-opening position, said impacter forwardly biased toward said valve-opening position, said impacter comprising:(i) an impacter body portion;(ii) an impact imparting face, said impact imparting face forwardly directed, said impact imparting face acting on said impact receiving face when said impacter moves to said valve-opening position, so that momentum is provided by said impacter to open said valve;(iii) a forwardly-directed impacter contact face; and(iv) a forwardly-directed sear shoulder, said sear shoulder engageable on said impacter sear when said impacter is in said cocked position, so that said impacter is restrained in said cocked position until said impacter is released in response to actuation of said user-actuable trigger;(b) a recock piston, said recock piston slidably translatable within said recock chamber between a piston ready-to-fire position and an impacter-cocking position, said recock piston directly or indirectly biased forward toward said piston ready-to-fire position, said recock piston comprising:(i) a forwardly-directed pressure receiving face, said pressure receiving face slidable within said sealable portion of said recock chamber, said pressure receiving face responsive to the urging of the portion of compressed gas released into said sealable portion of said recock chamber to move said recock piston from said piston ready-to-fire position to said impacter-cocking position; and(ii) a longitudinal passageway, said longitudinal passageway penetrating (A) said recock piston and (B) said pressure receiving face, to define in said pressure receiving face a transfer portal;said transfer portal located forward of said impacter body portion, so that the momentum provided by said impacter to open said valve passes through said transfer portal;said impacter contact face directly or indirectly engageable by said recock piston,wherein as said recock piston moves from said piston ready-to-fire position to said impacter-cocking position, said impacter moves from said valve-opening position to said cocked position, andwherein said recock piston returns to said piston ready-to-fire position while said impacter is restrained in said cocked position by said impacter sear;said bolt constrained to travel rearward when said recock piston travels rearward, and said recock piston constrained to travel forward when said bolt travels forward, so that when said recock piston moves rearward to said impacter-cocking position said bolt moves rearward to said bolt open position, and so that when said bolt moves forward to said bolt ready-to-fire position said recock piston moves forward to said piston ready-to-fire position;whereby said impacter and said recock piston separately provide a valve opening function and a recock function, respectively, for said pneumatic gun.25. The apparatus as set forth in claim 24, said bolt further comprising a rearwardly-directed bolt contact face, said bolt contact face engageable with said impacter so that as said recock piston moves rearward, said recock piston directly engages said bolt to move said bolt rearward, and said recock piston indirectly engages said impacter to move said impacter rearward.26. The apparatus as set forth in claim 24, said gun further comprises a bolt spring, said bolt spring directly biasing said bolt forward, said bolt spring indirectly biasing said recock piston forward.27. The apparatus as set forth in claim 24, said gun further comprises a frame, said frame comprising a single longitudinal cavity, said single longitudinal cavity comprising said recock chamber, and said bolt chamber.28. The apparatus as set forth in claim 27, wherein said gun further comprises a connecting rod, said connecting rod comprising an elongated generally U-shaped link-like member having an extended body portion and relatively short first end and second end members, said first and said second end members fitting within corresponding first and second connecting rod recesses in said bolt and said recock piston, respectively, said connecting rod constraining said bolt and said recock piston to translate in concert.29. The apparatus as set forth in claim 24, wherein said gun further comprises a frame, said frame comprising a first longitudinal cavity, said first longitudinal cavity comprising said bolt chamber, said frame further comprising a second longitudinal cavity, said second longitudinal cavity comprising said recock chamber.30. A hammer assembly for use in a pneumatic gun, said pneumatic gun for firing projectiles by use of compressed gas as a propellant, said pneumatic gun comprising:(1) a user actuable trigger;(2) a forward end and a rearward end;(3) a gas reservoir, said gas reservoir for containing compressed gas therein;(4) a valve, said valve normally closed and impact openable to release compressed gas from said gas reservoir, said valve comprising a rearwardly directed impact receiving face;(5) a recock chamber, said recock chamber comprising forwardly a sealable portion, said sealable portion in fluid communication with said valve so that when said valve is open a portion of the compressed gas released flows into said sealable portion,(6) an impacter sear, said impacter sear controlled by said user-actuable trigger;(7) a bolt chamber(8) a loading port;(9) a bolt, said bolt slidably translatable within said bolt chamber between:(i) a bolt ready-to-fire position, said bolt when in said bolt ready-to-fire position closing said loading port, and(ii) a bolt open position, said bolt when in said bolt open position opening said loading port to accommodate the passage of a projectile into said bolt chamber forward of said bolt,said bolt directly or indirectly biased forward toward said bolt ready-to-fire position;said hammer assembly comprising:(a) an impacter, said impacter slidably translatable within said recock, chamber between a cocked position and a valve-opening position, said impacter forwardly biased toward said valve-opening position, said impacter comprising:(i) an impacter body portion;(ii) an impact imparting face, said impact imparting face forwardly directed, said impact imparting face acting on said impact receiving face when said impacter moves to said valve-opening position, so that momentum is provided by said impacter to open said valve;(iii) a forwardly-directed impacter contact face; and(iv) a forwardly-directed sear shoulder, said sear shoulder engageable on said impacter sear when said impacter is in said cocked position, so that said impacter is restrained in said cocked position until said impacter is released in response to actuation of said user-actuable trigger;(b) a recock piston, said recock piston slidably translatable within said recock chamber between a piston ready-to-fire position and an impacter-cocking position, said recock piston directly or indirectly biased forward toward said piston ready-to-fire position, said recock piston comprising:(i) a forwardly-directed pressure receiving face, said pressure receiving face slidable within said sealable portion of said recock chamber, said pressure receiving face responsive to the urging of the portion of compressed gas released into said sealable portion of said recock chamber to move said recock piston from said piston ready-to-fire position to said impacter-cocking position; and(ii) a longitudinal passageway, said longitudinal passageway penetrating (A) said recock piston and (B) said pressure receiving face, to define in said pressure receiving face a transfer portal;said transfer portal located forward of said impacter body portion, so that the momentum provided by said impacter to open said valve passes through said transfer portal;said impacter contact face directly or indirectly engageable by said recock piston,wherein as said recock piston moves from said piston ready-to-fire position to said impacter-cocking position, said impacter moves from said valve-opening position to said cocked position, andwherein said recock piston returns to said piston ready-to-fire position while said impacter is restrained in said cocked position by said impacter sear;said pneumatic gun further comprising a member selected from the group consisting of:(i) a connecting rod, said connecting rod constraining said bolt and said recock piston to translate in concert, and(ii) a bolt connection bar, said bolt connection bar constraining said bolt to travel rearward when said recock piston travels rearward, andconstraining said recock piston to travel forward when said bolt travels forward;so that when said recock piston moves rearward to said impacter-cocking position said bolt moves rearward to said bolt open position, and so that when said bolt moves forward to said bolt ready-to-fire position said recock piston moves forward to said piston ready-to-fire position:whereby said impacter and said recock piston separately provide a valve opening function and a recock function, respectively, for said pneumatic gun.31. A hammer assembly for use in a pneumatic gun, said pneumatic gun for firing projectiles by use of compressed gas as a propellant, said pneumatic gun comprising:(1) a user actuable trigger;(2) a forward end and a rearward end;(3) a gas reservoir, said gas reservoir for containing compressed gas therein;(4) a valve, said valve normally closed and impact openable to release compressed gas from said gas reservoir, said valve comprising a rearwardly directed impact receiving face;(5) a recock chamber, said recock chamber comprising forwardly a sealable portion, said sealable portion in fluid communication with said valve so that when said valve is open a portion of the compressed gas released flows into said sealable portion,(6) an impacter sear, said impacter sear controlled by said user-actuable trigger;said hammer assembly comprising:(a) an impacter, said impacter slidably translatable within said recock chamber between a cocked position and a valve-opening position, said impacter forwardly biased toward said valve-opening position, said impacter comprising:(i) an impacter body portion;(ii) an impact imparting face, said impact imparting face forwardly directed, said impact imparting face acting on said impact receiving face when said impacter moves to said valve-opening position, so that momentum is provided by said impacter to open said valve;(iii) a forwardly-directed impacter contact face; and(iv) a forwardly-directed sear shoulder, said sear shoulder engageable on said impacter sear when said impacter is in said cocked position, so that said impacter is restrained in said cocked position until said impacter is released in response to actuation of said user-actuable trigger;(b) a recock piston, said recock piston slidably translatable within said recock chamber between a piston ready-to-fire position and an impacter-cocking position, said recock piston directly or indirectly biased forward toward said piston ready-to-fire position, said recock piston comprising:(i) a forwardly-directed pressure receiving face, said pressure receiving face slidable within said sealable portion of said recock chamber, said pressure receiving face responsive to the urging of the portion of compressed gas released into said sealable portion of said recock chamber to move said recock piston from said piston ready-to-fire position to said impacter-cocking position; and(ii) a longitudinal passageway, said longitudinal passageway penetrating (A) said recock piston and (B) said pressure receiving face, to define in said pressure receiving face a transfer portal;said transfer portal located forward of said impacter body portion;said transfer portal slidably receptive therethrough of one or more members selected from the group consisting of: (A) an elongated nose portion of said impacter, said elongated nose portion comprising said impact imparting face, (B) a valve pin portion of said valve, said valve pin portion comprising said impact receiving face, and (C) a transfer pin;so that the momentum provided by said impacter to open said valve passes through said transfer portal;said impacter contact face directly or indirectly engageable by said recock piston,wherein as said recock piston moves from said piston ready-to-fire position to said impacter-cocking position, said impacter moves from said valve-opening position to said cocked position, andwherein said recock piston returns to said piston ready-to-fire position while said impacter is restrained in said cocked position by said impacter sear,whereby said impacter and said recock piston separately provide a valve opening function and a recock function, respectively, for said pneumatic gun.32. A firing mechanism for a pneumatic gun, said pneumatic gun comprising a frame, said frame comprising a forward end and a rearward end, said firing mechanism comprising:(a) a gas reservoir, said gas reservoir for containing compressed gas therein;(b) a recock chamber, said recock chamber comprising a forward end;(c) a valve, said valve having a normally closed position wherein the gas in said gas reservoir is prevented from flowing, and an open position wherein said valve permits flow of compressed gas out of said gas reservoir, and a portion of said compressed gas is allowed to flow into said recock chamber, said valve responsive to impact to transition from said closed position to said open position;(d) an impacter, said impacter forwardly biased and slidably translatable in said recock chamber between a rearward, cocked position and a forward, valve-opening position, said impacter comprising an impact imparting face;(e) a recock piston, said recock piston directly or indirectly forwardly biased in said recock chamber and slidably translatable therein between a forward piston ready-to-fire position and a rearward impacter-cocking position, said recock piston comprising:(i) a forwardly-directed pressure receiving face,(ii) a longitudinal passageway, said longitudinal passageway penetrating (A) said recock piston and (B) said pressure receiving face, to define in said pressure receiving face a transfer portal, and(iii) a rearwardly directed recock piston contact face, said recock piston contact face directly or indirectly engageable on said impacter as said recock piston moves from said piston ready-to-fire position to said impacter-cocking position, so that said impacter moves to said cocked position;said impact imparting face of said impacter operable to impact said valve to actuate said valve from said closed position to said open position;said impacter forwardly slidable in said recock chamber independently from said recock piston when said recock piston is in said piston ready-to-fire position.33. A pneumatic gun for firing projectiles by use of compressed gas as a propellant, said pneumatic gun comprising:(a) a forward end and a rearward end;(b) a frame, said frame comprising a bolt chamber and a recock chamber;(c) a bolt, said bolt forwardly biased and slidably translatable within said bolt chamber between an open, projectile-loading position and a closed, bolt ready-to-fire position;(d) a firing chamber, said firing chamber adapted to hold a projectile for receipt of compressed gas to propel said projectile from said pneumatic gun;(e) a loading port in said bolt chamber, said loading port providing when said bolt is in said open, projectile-loading position, a passageway for entry of a projectile into a position in front of said bolt for transport of said projectile by said bolt to said firing chamber;(f) a gas reservoir, said gas reservoir for containing compressed gas therein;(g) a normally closed valve, said valve situated to control release of compressed gas from said gas reservoir, said valve including a valve seat and a valve seal displaceable from said valve seat, wherein said valve prevents the flow of gas through said valve seat when said valve seat is sealingly engaged by said valve seal, and wherein said recock chamber is in fluid communication with said valve and adapted to receive compressed gas therefrom;(h) a recock piston, said recock piston located in said recock chamber, said recock piston slidably translatable and forwardly biased in said recock chamber, said recock piston comprising:(i) a forwardly-directed pressure receiving face responsive to compressed gas received by said recock chamber, and(ii) a longitudinal passageway, said longitudinal passageway penetrating (A) said recock piston and (B) said pressure receiving face, to define in said pressure receiving face a transfer portal;(i) an impacter, said impacter comprising an impact imparting face, said impacter located in said recock chamber, said impacter slidably translatable in said recock chamber from a rearward,cocked position to a forward, valve-opening position, said impacter biased toward said valve-opening position;said recock piston slidable in said recock chamber from a forward, piston ready-to-fire position to a rearward, impacter-cocking position;said impacter responsive to rearward movement of said recock piston, so that when said recock piston moves rearward to said impacter-cocking position, said impacter moves rearward to said cocked position, andsaid recock piston forwardly slidable to said piston ready-to-fire position while said impacter remains rearward in said cocked position;said valve seal responsive, directly or indirectly, to an impact from said impact imparting face of said impacter, to move from (1) a closed, sealed position to (2) an open, gas release position wherein gas is released, with one portion of the gas released provided into said recock chamber to move said recock piston rearward to said impacter-cocking position, which movement of said recock piston rearward (A) directly or indirectly moves said bolt rearward to said open, projectile-loading position, and (B) directly or indirectly moves said impacter rearward to said cocked position.34. A pneumatic gun for firing projectiles by use of compressed gas as a propellant, said pneumatic gun comprising:(a) a frame, said frame comprising a front end and a rear end;(b) a gas reservoir, said gas reservoir for containing compressed gas therein;(c) a normally-closed impact-openable valve, said valve situated to control release of compressed gas from said gas reservoir, said valve having a closed position wherein compressed gas in said gas reservoir is prevented from flowing, and an open position wherein said valve releases compressed gas from said gas reservoir, said valve comprising:(i) a valve body, said valve body comprising a rearwardly directed face, and(ii) a valve seat;(d) a recock chamber, said recock chamber defined within said frame rearward of said rearwardly directed face of said valve body; said recock chamber comprising forwardly a sealable portion;(e) recock gas porting, said recock gas porting fluidly directing one portion of the gas released by said valve to said sealable portion of said recock chamber;(f) propulsion gas porting, said propulsion gas porting fluidly directing another portion of the gas released by said valve to a projectile to be fired by said gun;(g) an impacter, said impacter slidably translatable in said recock chamber between a forward, valve-opening position and a rearward, cocked position, said impacter forwardly biased in said recock chamber toward said valve-opening position, said impacter comprising:(i) a forwardly-directed sear shoulder,(ii) an impacter body portion, and(iii) a forwardly-directed impact imparting face, said impact imparting face operable when said impacter moves to said valve-opening position to transfer momentum of said impacter to said valve and to actuate said valve from said closed position to said open position:(h) a recock piston, said recock piston slidably translatable in said recock chamber between a forward, piston ready-to-fire position and a rearward, impacter-cocking position, said recock piston forwardly biased in said recock chamber, said recock piston comprising:(i) a forwardly-directed pressure receiving face, said pressure receiving face slidable within said sealable portion of said recock chamber, and(ii) a longitudinal passageway, said longitudinal passageway penetrating (A) said recock piston and (B) said pressure receiving face, to define in said pressure receiving face a transfer portal;said recock piston sufficiently responsive to force exerted by the portion of gas provided to said sealable portion of said recock chamber to recock said gun;said impacter body portion larger in transverse cross section than said transfer portal, and said impacter body portion positioned rearward of said transfer portal;so that when said recock piston moves rearward to said impacter-cocking position said impacter moves rearward to said cocked position, and so that said recock piston can move forward to said piston ready-to-fire position white said impacter is restrained in said cocked position.35. A pneumatic gun which uses compressed gas as a propellant for firing projectiles, said pneumatic gun comprising:(a) a frame, said frame comprising a front end, and a rear end;(b) a user-actuable trigger;(c) an impacter sear, said impacter sear operably linked to said user-actuable trigger;(d) a gas reservoir, said gas reservoir for containing compressed gas therein;(e) a normally-closed impact-openable valve, said valve situated to control release of compressed gas from said gas reservoir, said valve having a valve closed position wherein gas in said gas reservoir is prevented from flowing, and a valve open position wherein said valve releases gas from said gas reservoir, said valve comprising:(i) a valve body, said valve body comprising:(A) a rearwardly directed face, and(B) a valve seat;(ii) a valve stem, said valve stem comprising:(A) a seal body, said seal body comprising a rearwardly directed valve seal sealingly engageable with and forwardly displaceable from said valve seat, and(B) a valve pin, said valve pin terminating rearwardly in an impact receiving face;(f) a recock chamber, said recock chamber extending rearwardly within said lower cavity from said rearwardly directed face of said valve body, said recock chamber comprising forwardly a sealable portion;(g) recock gas porting, said recock gas porting fluidly directing one portion of the compressed gas released by said valve to said sealable portion of said recock chamber;(h) propulsion gas porting, said propulsion gas porting fluidly directing another portion of compressed gas released by said valve to a projectile to be fired by the gun;(i) an impacter, said impacter slidably translatable in said recock chamber between a rearward, cocked position and a forward, valve-opening position, said impacter biased toward said valve-opening position by an impacter power spring, said impacter comprising:(i) an impacter body portion,(ii) a forwardly-directed impacter contact face,(iii) an elongated nose portion, said elongated nose portion terminating forwardly in an impact imparting face, and(iv) a forwardly-directed sear shoulder, said sear shoulder receptive when said impacter is in said cocked position to engagement by said impacter sear to restrain said impacter in said cocked position;(j) a recock piston, said recock piston slidably translatable in said recock chamber between a piston ready-to-fire position and a rearward, impacter-cocking position, said recock piston comprising:(i) a forwardly-directed pressure receiving face, said pressure receiving face slidable within said sealable portion of said recock chamber, and(ii) a longitudinal passageway, said longitudinal passageway penetrating (A) said recock piston and (B) said pressure receiving face, to define in said pressure receiving face a transfer portal;(k) a bolt chamber,(l) a loading port, said loading port when open accommodating the passage of a projectile into said bolt chamber;(m) a bolt, said bolt slidably translatable within said bolt chamber between a bolt ready-to-fire position and a rearward, bolt open position, said loading port open when said bolt is in said bolt open position, said bolt forwardly biased by a bolt spring;(n) a connecting rod, said connecting rod constraining said bolt and said recock piston to translate in concert, so that said recock piston is thereby forwardly biased within said recock chamber by said bolt;said recock piston sufficiently responsive to force exerted by the compressed gas provided to said sealable portion of said recock chamber to recock said gun;said impacter body portion located rearward of said transfer portal;said impacter body portion larger in transverse cross section than said transfer portal;said elongated nose portion fitting slidably through said transfer portal;said valve pin fitting slidably through said transfer portal;said impact receiving face of said valve pin receptive to impact by said impact imparting face of said elongated nose portion, so that forward momentum of said impacter is transferred through said transfer portal and imparted to said valve to actuate said valve from said valve dosed position to said valve open position;said impacter contact face of said impacter impingeable on said recock piston, so that when said recock piston moves rearward to said impacter-cocking position said impacter moves rearward to said cocked position, and so that said recock piston can move forward to said piston ready-to-fire position while said impacter is restrained in said cocked position.36. A pneumatic gun for firing projectiles by use of compressed gas as a propellant, said pneumatic gun comprising:(a) a frame, said frame comprising a front end and a rear end;(b) a gas reservoir, said gas reservoir for containing compressed gas therein;(c) a normally-closed impact-openable valve, said valve comprising an impact receiving face, said valve situated to control release of compressed gas from said gas reservoir;(d) propulsion gas porting, said propulsion gas porting directing one portion of the compressed gas released by said valve when said valve is open to a projectile to be fired by said pneumatic gun:(e) a recock chamber, said recock chamber comprising a forward chamber end, said recock chamber comprising at said forward chamber end a sealable portion, said sealable portion receptive of another portion of the compressed gas released by said valve when said valve is open:(f) an impacter, said impacter slidably translatable in said recock chamber between a cocked position and a valve-opening position, said impacter forwardly biased in said recock chamber toward said valve-opening position, said impacter comprising:(i) a forwardly-directed impact imparting face, said impact imparting face acting on said impact receiving face when said impacter moves to said valve-opening position, so that momentum is provided to said valve by said impacter to open said valve, and(ii) an impacter body portion;(g) a recock piston, said recock piston slidably translatable in said recock chamber between a forward, piston ready-to-fire position and a rearward, impacter-cocking position, said recock piston directly or indirectly forwardly biased in said recock chamber, said recock piston comprising:(i) a forwardly-directed pressure receiving face, said pressure receiving face slidable within said sealable portion of said recock chamber, and(ii) a longitudinal passageway, said longitudinal passageway penetrating said recock piston and said pressure receiving face and defining thereby a transfer portal in said pressure receiving face;said recock piston sufficiently responsive to force exerted by the portion of compressed gas provided to said sealable portion of said recock chamber to recock said pneumatic gun:said impacter body portion larger in transverse cross section than said transfer portal, and said impacter body portion located rearward of said transfer portal;so that the momentum provided by said impacter to open said valve passes through said transfer portal;and so that:(A) when said recock piston moves rearward to said impacter-cocking position, said impacter is thereby moved rearward to said cocked position, and(B) when said impacter is in said cocked position, said recock piston is forwardly slidable independently of said impacter, and(C) when said recock piston is in said piston ready-to-fire position, said impacter is forwardly slidable independently of said recock piston.37. A pneumatic gun for firing projectiles by use of compressed gas as a propellant, said pneumatic gun comprising:(a) a frame comprising a front end and a rear end;(b) a gas reservoir, said gas reservoir for containing compressed gas therein;(c) a normally-closed impact-openable valve, said valve situated to control release of compressed gas from said gas reservoir;(d) a propulsion gas porting, said propulsion gas porting directing one portion of the compressed gas released by said valve when said valve is open to a projectile to be fired by said pneumatic gun;(e) a recock chamber, said recock chamber comprising a forward chamber end, said recock chamber comprising at said forward chamber end a sealable portion in fluid communication with said valve, said sealable portion receptive of another portion of the compressed gas released by said valve when said valve is open;(f) an impacter, said impacter slidably translatable in said recock chamber between a cocked position and a valve-opening position, said impacter forwardly biased in said recock chamber toward said valve-opening position, said impacter comprising:(i) a forwardly directed impact imparting face, said impact imparting face operable to impact said valve when said impacter moves to said valve-opening position, so that momentum is provided to said valve by said impacter to open said valve,(ii) an impacter body portion, and(iii) an impacter contact face;(g) a recock piston, said recock piston slidably translatable in said recock chamber between a forward piston ready-to-fire position and a rearward impacter-cocking position, said recock piston forwardly biased in said recock chamber, said recock piston comprising:(i) a forwardly-directed pressure receiving face, said pressure receiving face slidable within said sealable portion of said recock chamber,(ii) a longitudinal passageway, said longitudinal passageway penetrating (A) said recock piston and (B) said pressure receiving face, to define in said pressure receiving face a transfer portal;(h) a bolt chamber within said frame;(i) a loading port, said loading port when open accommodating therethrough the passage of a new projectile into said bolt chamber;(j) a bolt, said bolt slidably translatable and forwardly biased in said bolt chamber between a rearward, open position, wherein said loading port is open, and a forward, bolt ready-to-fire position, wherein said loading port is closed;said transfer portal slidably receptive therethrough of one or more members selected from the group consisting of: (A) an elongated nose portion of said impacter, said elongated nose portion comprising said impact imparting face, (B) a valve pin portion of said valve, said valve pin portion comprising said impact receiving face, and (C) a transfer pin;said impacter body portion larger in transverse cross section than said transfer portal, and said impacter body portion positioned rearward of said transfer portal, so that the impact provided by said impacter to open said valve passes through said transfer portal;said recock piston sufficiently responsive to force exerted by the gas provided to said sealable portion of said recock chamber to recock said gun;said impacter contact face directly or indirectly engageable by said recock piston, so that:(A) when said recock piston moves rearward to said impacter-cocking position, said impacter moves rearward to said cocked position, and(B) when said impacter is in said cocked position, said recock piston is forwardly slidable independently of said impacter, and(C) when said recock piston is in said piston ready-to-fire position, said impacter is forwardly slidable independently of said recock piston;said bolt constrained to travel rearward when said recock piston travels rearward, and said recock piston constrained to travel forward when said bolt travels forward, so that when said recock piston moves rearward to said impacter-cocking position said bolt moves rearward to said bolt open position, and so that when said bolt moves forward to said bolt ready-to-fire position said recock piston moves forward to said piston ready-to-fire position.38. A method of opening a normally-closed impact-openable valve in a pneumatic gun, said method comprising the steps of:(a) providing a gas reservoir, said gas reservoir for containing compressed gas in said pneumatic gun;(b) providing a recock chamber in said pneumatic gun;(c) positioning said valve in said pneumatic gun to control the release of compressed gas from said gas reservoir;(d) providing said valve with a valve seat;(e) providing in said pneumatic gun an impacter, said impacter slidably translatable in said recock chamber between a cocked position and a valve-opening position, said valve-opening position closer than said cocked position to said valve seat, said impacter restrainable in said cocked position, said impacter comprising an impacter body portion;(f) biasing said impacter toward said valve-opening position;(g) providing said valve with an impact receiving face, said impact receiving face receptive of impact by said impacter to open said valve;(h) providing in said pneumatic gun a recock piston, said recock piston slidably translatable in said recock chamber between a piston ready-to-fire position and an impacter-cocking position, said piston ready-to-fire position closer than said impacter-cocking position to said valve seat;(i) biasing said recock piston toward said piston ready-to-fire position;(j) providing a pressure receiving face on said recock piston, said pressure receiving face disposed between said impacter body portion and said valve seat;(k) providing a longitudinal passageway in said recock piston, said longitudinal passageway penetrating (A) said recock piston and (B) said pressure receiving face, to define in said pressure receiving face a transfer portal;(l) restraining said impacter in said cocked position;(m) releasing said impacter to travel to said valve-opening position;(n) passing the momentum provided by said impacter through said transfer portal and to said valve;(o) opening said valve.39. A method of opening a normally-closed impact-openable valve in a pneumatic gun, said pneumatic gun comprising a forward end and a rearward end, said method comprising the steps of:(a) providing a gas reservoir, said gas reservoir for containing compressed gas in said pneumatic gun;(b) providing a recock chamber in said pneumatic gun;(c) positioning said valve in said pneumatic gun to control the release of compressed gas from said gas reservoir;(d) providing in said gun an impacter, said impacter slidably translatable in said recock chamber between a cocked position and a valve-opening position, said valve-opening position forward of said cocked position;(e) providing said impacter with an impacter body portion and a forwardly-directed sear shoulder:(f) biasing said impacter toward said valve-opening position;(g) providing in said gun an impacter sear, said impacter sear for restraining said impacter in said cocked position;(h) providing in said gun a user actuable trigger, said user actuable trigger operably linked to said impacter sear for releasing said impacter from said cocked position;(i) providing said valve with an impact receiving face, said impact receiving face receptive of impact by said impacter to open said valve;(j) providing in said gun a recock piston, said recock piston slidably translatable in said recock chamber between a piston ready-to-fire position and an impacter-cocking position, said piston ready-to-fire position forward of said impacter-cocking position;(k) biasing said recock piston toward said piston ready-to-fire position;(l) providing a forwardly-directed pressure receiving face on said recock piston;(m) positioning said impacter body portion rearward of said pressure receiving face in said recock chamber;(n) providing a longitudinal passageway in said recock piston, said longitudinal passageway penetrating (A) said recock piston and (B) said pressure receiving face, to define in said pressure receiving face a transfer portal;(o) restraining said impacter in said cocked position;(p) releasing said impacter to travel to said valve-opening position;(q) passing the momentum provided by said impacter through said transfer portal and to said valve;(r) opening said valve.40. A method of operating a pneumatic gun, said gun comprising a forward end and a rearward end, said method comprising the steps of:(a) providing in said gun a gas reservoir, said gas reservoir for containing compressed gas;(b) providing in said gun a recock chamber,(c) providing in said gun a normally-closed impact-openable valve, said valve in fluid communication with said recock chamber and with said gas reservoir, said valve when open permitting release of compressed gas from said gas reservoir;(d) providing in said gun an impacter, said impacter slidably translatable within said recock chamber between a rearward, cocked position and a forward, valve-opening position;(e) providing said impacter with an impacter body portion, a forwardly-directed impact imparting face, a forwardly-directed impacter contact face and a forwardly-directed sear shoulder;(f) providing said valve with a valve seat, and with a rearwardly directed impact receiving face receptive to an impact by said impact imparting face when said impacter moves to said valve-opening position;(g) providing impacter bias, said impacter bias forwardly biasing said impacter;(h) providing in said gun an impacter sear, said impacter sear for restraining said impacter in said cocked position;(i) providing in said gun a user actuable trigger, said trigger operably linked to said impacter sear for releasing said impacter from said cocked position;(j) providing in said gun a recock piston, said recock piston slidably translatable within said recock chamber between a forward, ready-to-fire position and a rearward, impacter-cocking position;(k) providing a forwardly-directed pressure receiving face on said recock piston, said pressure receiving face disposed between said impacter body portion and said valve seat;(l) providing a longitudinal passageway, said longitudinal passageway penetrating (A) said recock piston and (B) said pressure receiving face, to define in said pressure receiving face a transfer portal;(m) providing piston bias, said piston bias forwardly biasing said recock piston, either directly or indirectly;(n) restraining said impacter in said cocked position in preparation for firing;(o) moving said recock piston to said ready-to-fire position in preparation for firing;(p) releasing said impacter from said cocked position;(q) moving said impacter in response to said impacter bias to said valve-opening position;(r) passing momentum of said impacter through said transfer portal and to said valve;(s) opening said valve;(t) releasing compressed gas from said gas reservoir;(u) passing one portion of said released gas to a projectile to be propelled from said gun;(v) passing another portion of said released gas into said recock chamber;(w) moving said recock piston from said ready-to-fire position toward said impacter-cocking position in response to the urging of the portion of released gas passed into said recock chamber;(x) engaging said impacter contact face with said recock piston;(y) moving said recock piston to said impacter-cocking position,(z) moving said impacter to said cocked position;(aa) restraining said impacter in said cocked position; and(ab) moving said recock piston to said ready-to-fire position;so that said pneumatic gun is again ready to fire.41. A method of opening a loading port of a pneumatic gun for the introduction of a new projectile as said gun is being recocked after firing, and of subsequently closing said loading port and chambering said new projectile while leaving said gun cocked and ready to fire again, said gun comprising a forward end and a rearward end, said method comprising the steps of:(a) providing a bolt chamber in said gun:(b) providing in said gun said loading port, said loading port when open providing space to accommodate the passage of said new projectile into said bolt chamber forward of said bolt;(c) providing in said gun a bolt, said bolt slidably translatable within said bolt chamber between:(i) a rearward bolt open position, said loading port open when said bolt is in said bolt open position, and(ii) a forward bolt ready-to-fire position, said bolt closing said loading port when in said bolt ready-to-fire position, said bolt chambering said new projectile as said bolt moves from said bolt open position to said bolt ready-to-fire position;(d) providing in said gun a spring, said spring forwardly biasing said bolt;(e) providing in said gun a recock chamber;(f) providing in said gun a gas reservoir, said gas reservoir for containing compressed gas;(g) providing in said gun a normally-closed impact-openable valve, said valve openable in response to momentum of a forwardly-biased impacter moving forward from a cocked position, said valve when open releasing compressed gas from said gas reservoir, a portion of the released compressed gas flowing to said recock chamber to recock said gun;(h) providing in said gun a recock piston, said recock piston slidably translatable within said recock chamber between a forward, ready-to-fire position and a rearward, impacter-cocking position,(i) constraining said bolt to move rearward when said recock piston moves rearward;(j) constraining said recock piston to move forward when said bolt moves forward;(k) providing on said impacter a forwardly-directed impacter contact face, said impacter contact face engageable by said recock piston as said recock piston moves rearward to said impacter-cocking position;(l) providing on said recock piston a forwardly-directed pressure receiving face, said pressure receiving face receptive of the rearward urging of the compressed gas provided to said recock chamber;(m) providing a longitudinal passageway in said recock piston, said longitudinal passageway penetrating (A) said recock piston and (B) said pressure receiving face, to define in said pressure receiving face a transfer portal;(n) restraining said impacter in said cocked position in preparation for firing;(o) providing urging by said spring to move said recock piston to said piston ready-to-fire position, and said bolt to said bolt ready-to-fire position, in preparation for firing;(p) releasing said impacter to move forward from said cocked position;(q) passing the momentum of said impacter through said transfer portal to open said valve and release compressed gas from said gas reservoir,(r) passing a portion of the released gas into said recock chamber;(s) moving said recock piston rearward from said piston ready-to-fire position to said impacter-cocking position in response to the urging of the portion of compressed gas in said recock chamber;(t) imparting the rearward motion of said recock piston to said impacter to move said impacter to said cocked position;(u) imparting the rearward motion of said recock piston to said bolt to move said bolt to said bolt open position, opening said loading port and compressing said spring;(v) introducing said new projectile into said bolt chamber through said open loading port;(w) moving said bolt and said recock piston forward in response to the urging of said spring, chambering said new projectile and closing said loading port.42. The method as set forth in claim 41, wherein said gun further comprises a connecting rod, said connecting rod constraining said bolt and said recock piston to translate in concert.43. The method as set forth in claim 41, said gun further comprises a bolt connection bar, said bolt connection bar comprising a forwardly-directed bolt contact face, said bolt contact face engageable with said recock piston so that (A) when said recock piston travels rearward to said impacter-cocking position said bolt is pushed rearward to said bolt open position, and (B) when said bolt travels forward to said bolt ready-to-fire position, said recock piston is pushed forward to said piston ready-to-fire position.

说明书全文

RELATED PATENT APPLICATIONS

This invention is related to my U.S. Provisional Patent Applications Ser. No. 60/307,923 filed on Jul. 26, 2001, entitled Pneumatic Gun, and Ser. No. 60/363,450 filed on Mar. 11, 2002, entitled Paintball Loader, the disclosures of each of which are incorporated herein in their entirety by this reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This invention relates to semiautomatic pneumatic guns. More specifically, the invention is related to pneumatic guns having hammer assemblies for firing projectiles such as pellets, BBs, or paintballs.

BACKGROUND

Pneumatic guns are popular for firing various projectiles, such as pellets, BB's, and frangible paint-filled balls known as “paintballs”. In firing pneumatic guns, the user pulls a trigger to initiate a sequence of operation of components that results in the release of compressed gas that propels the projectile from the gun. The firing process in guns also continues with recocking the gun, so that it is again ready to fire. Loading of the next projectile in succession to be fired is considered to be a part of the recocking process.

Of particular interest to me are semiautomatic guns of the type that utilize a normally-closed, impact-openable gas regulating valve and a hammer. More particularly, I am interested in pneumatic guns of the type having a hammer that serves the dual functions of (1) impacting a valve actuator to open the valve and thus release compressed gas to fire the gun, and (2) responding to the urging of some of the released compressed gas to recock the gun. Typically in a gun of this type, when the gun is ready to fire, the hammer is restrained in the cocked position, rearward in the gun, by a trigger-actuated sear. When the user pulls the trigger to initiate firing, the sear moves and releases the hammer. Then, the hammer moves forward to the firing, valve-impact position. The normally-closed valve restrains compressed gas within a gas reservoir until the valve is opened briefly by the impact of the hammer moving forward under spring urging toward the valve. A portion of the released gas travels through a propulsion gas passageway to meet the rear of a projectile then in the gun firing chamber. The projectile is propelled forward and out through the barrel of the gun. Another portion of the released gas provides the motive force to return the hammer and associated gun parts back to the cocked position, thereby automatically preparing the gun for the next shot. Such guns have proven to be very popular, especially for firing paintballs, probably because their simplicity makes them relatively economical to build and operate.

When such a gun is fired, various functions relating to loading must be performed before another projectile can be propelled from the gun. One common prior art design in such guns is to provide a bolt in a longitudinally translating configuration constrained to move with the hammer. Two functions performed by such a gun bolt include (a) opening a gun loading port to permit the next projectile in succession to be fired to enter into the breech of the gun, and (b) closing the loading port and chambering the projectile, that is, moving the projectile forward from the breech into the firing chamber of the gun so it is properly positioned and ready for receipt of propulsion gas. Because the hammer in such a gun design is held rearward in the cocked position when the gun is ready to fire, the bolt has not yet performed function of closing the loading port and chambering the projectile. Hence the gun is said to fire from an “open bolt”.

As an open bolt gun is fired, the bolt moves forward with the hammer to close the loading port and chamber the projectile. Generally the projectile enters the loading port just as the gas released for propulsion reaches its rear surface. In such open bolt designs, the hammer performs two very different functions. First, it provides the impact function to open a valve to release compressed gas as the gun is fired. Second, it serves to receive the motive force of the gas released for recocking, and in response thereto, move the associated gun components to perform the recocking function.

A pneumatic gun can also be provided that fires from a closed rather than an open bolt. That is, the bolt closes the loading port and chambers the new projectile as part of the recocking process of preparing the gun to be fired again, rather than as the first part of the firing operation that occurs after the trigger is pulled. Generally in prior art closed-bolt guns, the hammer is required to perform only the valve impacting function. In such prior art guns, other mechanisms are provided to move the bolt, and, in some cases, to recock the hammer.

Firing with a closed bolt is potentially beneficial for several reasons. Since the bolt does not travel with the hammer when the hammer moves (toward the valve) upon firing, fewer components are subject to sliding friction. Consequently, variations in hammer velocity resulting from friction acting on bolt components is eliminated. Thus, the impact force of the hammer on the valve is more repeatable, and the amount of gas released is more consistent, resulting in more uniform projectile velocity, and hence better projectile accuracy.

Some guns, such as pellet guns (which typically are intended to provide extremely high accuracy), would benefit from a shorter firing interval that is made possible in a closed-bolt gun. In a closed-bolt gun, the hammer spring no longer must provide energy for closing the loading port and chambering the projectile, since such tasks are completed during the recocking process. Consequently “lock-time”, i.e., the time elapsed between the time of pulling the trigger and the time when the valve releases compressed gas, can be made shorter. Since there is less time for the gun to move off target between the pulling of the trigger and the exiting of the pellet from the barrel, the gun accuracy is improved. Also, as such a gun is fired, there is less moving mass within the gun that might disturb the shooter's aim.

Paintball guns would also benefit from the way the paintball is chambered in a closed-bolt gun. It has been observed that a paintball may start rolling as it is being pushed forward by the bolt from the breech to the firing chamber. If the propulsion gas is released to push against the paintball before the paintball has completely come to a stop, as will be more likely in an open-bolt than in a closed-bolt gun, the rolling motion can increase the chance of imparting a spin to the paintball that can upset its trajectory during flight.

Unfortunately, the mechanisms heretofore available to provide closed bolt pneumatic gun operation are generally more complex (and hence more expensive and troublesome to maintain), than typical open-bolt gun mechanisms. Hence, a significant and as yet unmet need exists for a semiautomatic pneumatic gun that is comparable in simplicity to open bolt gun designs, but that provides better gun performance by firing with a closed bolt.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING

In order to enable the reader to attain a more complete appreciation of the invention, and of the novel features and the advantages thereof, attention is directed to the following detailed description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawing, wherein:

FIG. 1

is a cross section of a typical prior art pneumatic gun, illustrating the use of dual function hammer which functions both as a hammer and as a recock piston.

FIG. 2

is one embodiment of a novel pneumatic gun, illustrating (1) the use of separate structures for an impacter and for a recock piston, where the impacter directly engages the recock piston, and where the recock piston drives the bolt which is affixed to the recock piston by a connector, and (2) the use of an extended nose on the impacter to impact the valve stem to open the valve, as well as (3) the use of a dedicated recock gas passageway through the valve body.

FIG. 3

is second embodiment of a novel pneumatic gun, illustrating (1) the use of an impacter which is indirectly engaged by the recock piston but which is directly engaged by a bolt connection bar (that is directly engaged by the recock piston), which connection bar drives the bolt to an open position as well as drives the impacter to its cocked position, and (2) the use of a transfer pin which at time of firing of the gun, indirectly transfers work from the impacter to the valve stem, as well as (3) the use of a passageway in and along the valve stem for passage of recock gas through the valve body toward the recock piston.

FIG. 3A

is a detail of the area marked “FIG.

3

A” in

FIG. 3

, now illustrating in enlarged detail the use of a passageway in and along the valve stem for passage of recock gas through the valve body toward the recock piston.

FIG. 4

is a third embodiment of a novel pneumatic gun, illustrating (1) the use of an impacter having an outer flanged portion which directly engages the recock piston, wherein the impacter does not engage a the bolt or its bolt connection bar, since the bolt is driven by a contact bar portion of the recock piston which interfaces with the bolt connection bar, and (2) the use of a bolt with a gas passage along lower frontal portion thereof, and (3) the use of a passageway alongside of the valve stem but through the valve body for passage of recock gas through the valve body toward the recock piston.

FIG. 4A

is a detail of the area marked “FIG.

4

A” in

FIG. 4

, now illustrating in enlarged detail the use of a passageway alongside of the valve stem but through the valve body for passage of recock gas through the valve body toward the recock piston.

FIG. 5

is a fourth embodiment of a novel pneumatic gun, illustrating (1) the use of an impacter which translates within a bore in a recock piston, where the impacter has a front face that directly engages the recock piston, wherein the impacter does not engage the bolt or its bolt connection bar, since the bolt is driven by a connection rod provided with the recock piston, and (2) the use of a bolt with a gas passage upward from the bottom to discharge along its centerline at the frontal portion thereof, and (3) the use of a passageway in and along a nose portion of the impacter for passage of recock gas through the valve body toward the recock piston, and (4) the use of a valve having a ball and matching seat, rather than an elongated stem and matching seat as illustrated in

FIGS. 2 and 3

above.

FIG. 5A

illustrates in detail of the area marked “FIG.

5

A” in

FIG. 5

, now illustrating in enlarged detail the use of a passageway in and alongside of nose portion of an impacter for passage of recock gas through the valve body toward the recock piston.

FIG. 6

illustrates in cross-sectional view the novel use of separate impacter and recock piston in a single cavity pneumatic gun, showing (1) the use of an impacter that is directly engaged by the recock piston during recocking, and (2) the use of a mechanical link between the recock piston and a bolt, (3) the use of a nose portion on the impacter to impact an impact receiving face on a valve stem, to open the gas valve, and (4) the use of a gas reservoir in the valve body for accumulation of gas prior before passage through the valve body toward the recock piston, as well as a passageway along a forward portion of the valve body toward the bolt for passage of gas toward the projectile to be fired.

FIG. 7

illustrates in cross-sectional view the novel use of separate impacter and recock piston in a single cavity pneumatic gun, illustrating the beginning of the firing sequence, where the impacter has been released by the impacter sear, and the impacter nose has just opened the gas valve to release compressed gas but the released gas has not yet caused the projectile or the recock piston to move.

FIG. 7A

illustrates in detail of the area marked “FIG.

7

A” in

FIG. 7

, now illustrating in enlarged detail the use of a gas reservoir in the valve body for accumulation of gas before passage through the valve body toward the recock piston, as well as a passageway along a forward portion of the valve body toward the bolt for passage of gas toward the projectile to be fired.

FIG. 8

illustrates in cross-sectional view the novel use of separate impacter and recock piston in a single cavity pneumatic gun, illustrating the recock piston held in the rearward position by the recock piston sear so that the mechanical link to the bolt holds the bolt open for loading of a new paintball.

FIG. 9

illustrates in cross-sectional view the novel use of a separate impacter and recock piston in a single chamber pneumatic gun, similar to the guns just illustrated in

FIGS. 6

,

7

, and

8

above, but now showing a valve having a passageway in and along the valve stem for passage of gas for recocking; here, the gun is shown at the initiation of firing, where the valve has opened to discharge compressed gas to start the projectile out of the barrel, but wherein the recock piston has not yet started rearward toward the recocking position.

FIG. 9A

illustrates in detail the area marked “FIG.

9

A” in

FIG. 9

, no illustrating in enlarged detail the use of a passageway in and alongside of valve stem for passage of recock gas through the valve body toward the recock piston.

FIG. 10

illustrates the novel use of a separate impacter and recock piston in a pellet gun, here showing an impacter having a long nose portion that impacts a face on the valve stem to open the gas valve, and a recock piston that is attached to the bolt via a connector.

FIG. 11

illustrates the loading of pellets into the pellet gun just shown in

FIG. 10

above.

FIGS. 12 through 22

provide various views of a pneumatic gun which incorporates the novel use of separate impacter and recock piston in paintball gun.

First, in

FIG. 12

, an external perspective view of a gun is illustrated, showing the frame, paintball loader affixed thereto, manual rods with knobs for opening the bolt and for recocking the impacter, and the handle with trigger.

FIG. 13

shows, in partially broken away perspective view, the gun just illustrated in

FIG. 12

, now showing the gas valve, recock piston, impacter, paintball loader, and bolt.

FIG. 14

illustrates a portion of the gun just illustrated in

FIGS. 12 and 13

, now showing the paintball loader tube in a pivoted outward, open position, to reveal the loading port.

FIG. 15

is an exploded perspective view of various components of the internal firing mechanism, including gas valve with valve stem and spring, the recock piston (here with boss receiving slot), the impacter (here with anti-rotation boss), a rubber compression buffer, the impacter rod with knurled manual knob, the bolt (with connecting rod to recock piston), a bolt spring, and a bolt rod with knurled manual knob.

FIG. 16

is an exploded perspective of the loader provided on the gun illustrated in

FIGS. 12 and 13

above, showing the feed tube, the hinged loader cover with hinge pin, the gun barrel, the bolt, the pivot pin, cam pivot member including cam follower, a push arm lever, and a stop arm.

FIG. 17

is a cross-sectional view of the gun illustrated in

FIGS. 12 and 13

above, shown in the cocked position, with the impacter latched by a trigger sear in a rearward cocked position, and with bolt closed, and a paintball in the firing chamber, ready for firing.

FIG. 18

is a cross-sectional view of the gun illustrated in

FIGS. 12

,

13

, and

17

above, now showing the gun being fired, with the nose portion of the impacter impacting the impact receiving face of the valve stem to open the gas valve so that propulsion gas is traveling through the bolt to the rear of the paintball, and is traveling through the valve body to begin moving the recock piston rearward.

FIG. 19

is a cross-sectional view of the gun illustrated in

FIGS. 12

,

13

,

17

, and

18

, now showing the gun in an open bolt position, where the recock piston (via connecting rod) has moved the bolt to an open position for loading of a new paintball, and wherein the impacter has been latched in a rearward, cocked position.

FIG. 20

is horizontal cross-sectional view taken looking up across line

20

20

of

FIG. 17

, showing the bolt closed and a paintball in the firing chamber and ready to be fired, with another paintball in the loader, ready for loading when the bolt is again opened.

FIG. 21

is a horizontal cross-sectional view, similar to the view just provided in

FIG. 20

, but now showing the bolt moving to the rear of the gun, and the next paintball being urged through the loading port.

FIG. 22

is a horizontal cross-sectional view, similar to the view just provided in

FIG. 20

, now showing bolt completely in the open position, with a paintball in front of the bolt, ready to be chambered by closing of the bolt.

FIG. 23

is a rear cross-sectional view through the loading chamber of the gun just illustrated in

FIG. 22

above, and in the same operating state as in

FIG. 22

, showing a new paintball stopped from fully descending from the loader feed tube into the loading chamber by the stop arm.

The foregoing figures, being merely exemplary, contain various elements that may be present or omitted from actual implementations depending upon the circumstances. An attempt has been made to draw the figures in a way that illustrates at least those elements that are significant for an understanding of the various embodiments and aspects of the invention. However, variations in the elements of the novel design which separates the typical prior art hammer into two new components, namely (1) an impacter, and (2) a recock piston, including different structural and functional variations ancillary components, especially as applied for different variations of valves, recock gas passageway members, and structures for transferring momentum from the impacter to open the valve, may be utilized in various embodiments in order to provide a robust pneumatic gun, suitable for a variety of pneumatic gun designs and applications.

PRIOR ART

It may be helpful to provide by way of background some detail regarding a typical prior art pneumatic gun. Typical prior art guns have a hammer that performs two distinct functions while utilizing a single device, namely: (1) providing the impact required to open a normally-closed valve and thereby release compressed gas, and (2) recocking the gun in response to the urging from a portion of the compressed gas released.

In

FIG. 1

, a prior-art gun

100

adapted for the firing of paintballs PB

1

, PB

2

, etc., is illustrated. Gun

100

has a frame

102

containing a longitudinally extending lower cavity

104

defined by interior sidewall

104

W

and upper cavity

106

defined by interior sidewall

106

W

, which cavities are separated by an intercavity web

108

. Extending forward from the forward end

106

F

of upper cavity

106

is a barrel

110

. Shown moving forward within barrel

110

in the direction of reference arrow

111

as a result of gun

100

just having been fired is a paintball PB

1

.

Compressed gas received from an external source (not shown) is provided to gas reservoir portion

112

of lower cavity

104

. Also within lower cavity

104

, and separated from gas reservoir

112

by normally-closed impact-openable valve

114

, is a recock chamber portion

116

of lower cavity

104

. Valve

114

controls the release of compressed gas from gas reservoir

112

to recock chamber

116

. Valve

114

includes a valve stem

118

. On valve pin portion

119

of valve stem

118

is an impact-receiving face

120

adapted to receive an impact from hammer H as gun

100

is fired. Such impact momentarily opens valve

114

to release compressed gas from gas reservoir

112

. One portion of the released gas is provided to propel projectile PB

1

from gun

100

, and another portion is provided to recock chamber

116

for the purpose of recocking gun

100

. This is effected by moving the hammer H rearward within recock chamber

116

in the direction indicated by reference numeral

121

. Note that this prior art hammer H is slidably translatable within recock chamber

116

and functions like a piston therein. Hammer H is forwardly biased by a hammer power spring

122

, thus is translatable between a rearward cocked position, and a forward impacting, valve opening position. Hammer H includes body

124

and a forward nose section

126

. The hammer nose section

126

ends in a forwardly-directed impact-imparting face

128

, engageable on valve pin

119

impact-receiving face

120

. The forwardly-directed front surface

130

of hammer H provides a pressure-receiving piston face for receiving compressed gas provided to recock chamber

116

, which compressed gas urges hammer H rearwardly to recock gun

100

.

On hammer H is a forwardly-directed sear shoulder

134

, engageable on a trigger-controlled sear

136

that serves to restrain hammer H rearward in the cocked position when gun

100

is ready to fire. On hammer H is a connecting rod recess

140

. Extending upward from recess

140

is a bolt connecting rod

142

. Connecting rod

142

extends through a slot

144

in intercavity web

108

and into a recess

146

in bolt

148

. Bolt

148

is slidably translatable within a bolt chamber portion

150

of upper cavity

106

. Bolt connecting rod

142

constrains bolt

148

to translate in concert with hammer H. Hence when hammer H moves rearward to the cocked position, bolt

148

also moves rearward, to open a loading port

154

for the introduction of a new projectile PB

2

into the gun breech

160

. When hammer H moves forward to the impacting position, bolt

148

also moves forward, serving thereby to close loading port

154

and to move the new projectile PB

2

forward into a gun firing chamber

158

.

FIG. 1

illustrates gun

100

shortly after firing. Sear

136

has disengaged from sear shoulder

134

, allowing hammer H and bolt

148

to move forward. The nose section

126

impacts the impact receiving face

120

and opens valve

114

, releasing compressed gas from gas reservoir

112

. The portion of the gas provided for propelling paintball PB

1

from gun

100

flows generally along the path illustrated by the arrows G

1

and G

2

, with the result that paintball PB

1

is accelerated forward within barrel

110

. A portion of the compressed gas provided for recocking is flows into recock chamber

116

as illustrated by the arrow R, with the result that hammer H starts moving rearward in response to the force exerted by this gas on hammer front surface

130

. Movement of hammer H also carries bolt

148

rearward. As can be seen from the foregoing description, hammer H in this prior-art gun is thus performing both the impacting and recocking functions. For various reasons, including those discussed hereinabove, it would be advantageous to provide a gun wherein the functions of impacting and recocking were separated, so that performance of each function is provided by different structural components.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Referring to

FIG. 2

, one embodiment of a semiautomatic pneumatic gun

200

adapted for firing projectiles by use of compressed gas as a propellant and configured with a novel firing mechanism for firing paintballs is illustrated. Incorporated into gun

200

is a hammer assembly

201

, which hammer assembly

201

includes separable components, namely an impacter

202

and a recock piston

203

. An electronic trigger assembly

204

including an impacter sear

205

are provided. Gun

200

has a frame

206

having a forward end

206

F

. Frame

206

has a longitudinally extending lower cavity

207

defined by interior sidewall

207

W

and longitudinally extending upper cavity

208

defined by interior sidewall

208

W

. Lower cavity

207

and upper cavity

208

are joined yet separated by an intercavity web

209

. Intercavity web

209

is penetrated by an intercavity gas passageway

209

P

that provides fluid communication between lower cavity

207

and upper cavity

208

. An intercavity web slot

206

S

is provided rearwardly of rear end

209

R

of intercavity web

209

. Extending downward from lower cavity

207

is a sear slot

208

T

which is sized and shaped to accommodate selected sears. Extending forward from upper cavity

208

is a barrel

210

. In this

FIG. 2

, a paintball PB

1

is shown moving forward within barrel

210

as a result of gun

200

just having been fired.

Located within lower cavity

207

is a normally-closed impact-openable valve

211

. Valve

211

has a valve body

212

and a valve stem

213

. Valve stem

213

includes a seal body

213

B

having a rearwardly-directed resilient valve seal

213

S

and a rearwardly extending valve pin portion

215

. Extending forward on valve seal body

213

B

, is an optional valve spring boss

213

E

. In this embodiment, valve pin

215

is of smaller diameter than valve seal

213

S

.

Valve body

212

is fixed (by means such as set screw

216

) within lower cavity

207

. Valve body

212

has a front face

217

and a rearwardly directed face

218

. Valve body

212

is partially penetrated from the front face

217

by an intermediate bore

220

. Valve body

212

is completely penetrated longitudinally by a rear bore

222

, which in this embodiment is coaxial with intermediate bore

220

. Valve pin

215

fits slidingly within and, in this embodiment, substantially seals rear bore

222

in valve body

212

.

In this embodiment, valve body

212

is penetrated from rear face

218

by a second rear bore passageway

224

(i.e., the recock gas passageway defined by interior sidewalls

224

W

) in communication with intermediate bore

220

. An upper passageway

226

extends upward from intermediate bore

220

to communicate with intercavity gas passageway

209

P

. Thus, upper passageway

226

and intercavity gas passageway

209

P

provide fluid communication between intermediate bore

220

and upper cavity

208

, for the supply of propulsion gas to accelerate the projectile being fired.

On the front face

217

of valve body

212

is a valve seat

228

, annular in shape in this embodiment. The seat

228

is sealingly engageable by valve seal

213

S

of valve stem

213

; these element cooperate to control the release of compressed gas from a gas reservoir

230

in lower cavity

207

formed between valve

212

and reservoir plug

232

. For sealing purposes, an exterior o-ring

233

is provided to seal valve body

212

against lower cavity

207

walls

207

W

. The gas reservoir

230

is configured to receive compressed gas from an external source (not shown) in a conventional manner known to those of ordinary skill in the art and to whom this specification is addressed.

In this embodiment, recock gas porting providing fluid communications from valve

211

to recock chamber

248

includes intermediate gas bore

220

and rear bore

224

. In this embodiment, propulsion gas porting includes intermediate bore

220

, upper passageway

226

, intercavity gas passageway

209

P

, and bolt gas passageway

234

.

Recock chamber

248

portion of lower cavity

207

extends rearwardly from rear face

218

of valve body

212

. The sealable portion

249

of recock chamber

248

extends rearward from rear face

218

of valve body

212

to a seal break

208

S

at sear slot

208

T

in frame

206

. At the slot

208

T

, the compressed gas that was originally provided to recock chamber

248

(through rear bore passageway

224

defined by walls

224

W

) is able to escape through the frame

206

, thus relieving pressure in the sealable portion

249

of the recock chamber

248

.

Impacter

202

is retained in a cocked position when sear edge

236

of sear

205

engages forwardly directed sear shoulder

238

in impacter

202

. When impacter

202

is released from a cocked position, it travels forward until impact is made, directly or indirectly, with valve stem

213

. As depicted in

FIG. 2

, an elongated nose portion

240

of impacter

202

has an impact imparting face

242

that is axially aligned with, and sized and shaped to impact the impact receiving face

244

of valve pin portion

215

of valve stem

213

. The forward momentum of impacter

202

is thereby transferred, causing seal

213

S

to move forward, out of sealing engagement with valve seat

228

, thus opening valve

211

and releasing compressed gas. One portion of the compressed gas released flows through recock gas porting (described above) into sealable portion

249

of recock chamber

248

as is illustrated by the reference arrow R in FIG.

2

. The remaining portion of the compressed gas released travels through propulsion gas porting (described above) to the projectile PB

1

as illustrated by the arrows labeled G

1

in FIG.

2

.

Valve

211

, recock gas porting and propulsion gas porting described can alternately be provided in various configurations as known to those of ordinary skill in the art and to whom this specification is addressed. Hence, the specific valve, valve body, recock gas porting, and propulsion gas porting structures shown in this or other embodiments illustrated are for purposes of illustration, and should not be interpreted as limiting the present invention to any specific embodiment, whether herein illustrated or otherwise.

Recock piston

203

is slidably translatable within recock chamber

248

between a forward ready-to-fire position and a rearward impacter cocking position (neither position is shown in FIG.

2

). Recock piston

203

has a forwardly directed piston face

250

slidable within sealable portion

249

of the recock chamber

248

for receiving the compressed gas provided to recock chamber

248

, and recock piston

203

is sufficiently responsive to force exerted by gas released by valve

211

and provided to sealable portion

249

of recock chamber

248

to recock gun

200

.

Recock piston

203

is, in the embodiment shown in

FIG. 2

, fully penetrated by an axially centered longitudinal passageway

252

having a cross-section complementary in size and shape, and only slightly larger than, valve pin portion

215

. The location of the transition between the forwardly directed piston face

250

and longitudinal passageway

252

defines a momentum transfer portal

254

. The recock piston body

255

terminates rearwardly with at least a rear face

256

portion. In the upper reaches of recock piston

203

is a connecting rod recess

258

for receiving connecting rod

260

to connect the recock piston

203

to bolt

262

.

Impacter

202

is slidably translatable within recock chamber

248

. Impacter

202

is forwardly biased by an impacter power spring

264

. Impacter

202

translates between a rearward cocked position (not shown in FIG.

2

), and a forward valve-opening position, which is illustrated in FIG.

2

. In this embodiment, impacter

202

has a body portion

263

which is situated rearward of transfer portal

254

and which is larger in cross section than transfer portal

254

. Thus, the recock piston

203

captures the impacter

202

, as the impacter

202

is dimensioned so that it travels rearward with recock piston

203

when the recock piston

203

is energized to move rearward during recocking. Also, as shown in this embodiment, impacter

202

has an elongated nose portion

240

that is smaller in cross-section than transfer portal

254

. As recock piston

203

moves rearward from the ready-to-fire position, impacter nose portion

240

effectively prevents the escape through recock piston transfer portal

254

of gas provided for recocking sufficintly to ensure that recock piston

203

travels to the impacter cocking position.

Slidably translatable within a bolt chamber portion

266

of upper cavity

208

is a bolt

262

, forwardly biased by a bolt spring

268

. A connecting rod

260

fits within connecting rod recess

270

in bolt

262

, thereby constraining bolt

262

to translate in concert with recock piston

203

. Bolt

262

is moveable rearwardly to an “open” position where loading port

272

is opened for the introduction of a new projectile PB

2

into a gun breech

282

. Bolt

262

is then moveable forwardly to close loading port

272

and return the bolt

262

to a “closed” or “ready-to-fire” position, where the new projectile has been moved into the firing chamber

269

. In the closed bolt position, the gun is substantially sealed against the loss of the compressed gas outward through the loading port

272

during firing of the projectile. Note that gas for propelling the projectile may be provided through bolt

262

via bolt gas passageway

234

which fluidly connects intercavity gas passageway

209

P

with firing chamber

269

when bolt

262

is forward in the ready-to-fire position.

FIG. 2

illustrates gun

200

shortly after firing. After impacter

202

was released from the cocked position it traveled forward, gaining momentum due to the forward urging of impacter power spring

264

until nose portion

240

contacted valve pin portion

215

, thereby transferring the momentum provided by forwardly moving impacter

202

through recock piston transfer portal

254

to briefly open valve

211

and release compressed gas. That portion of compressed gas provided for recocking then flows into the sealed portion

249

of the recock chamber

248

. Recock piston

203

moves rearward in response to force exerted by the pressurized gas against the recock piston face

250

. Impacter

202

is located rearward of the recock piston

203

, and is configured to push the impacter

202

.

Since bolt

262

moves in concert with piston

203

, loading port

272

will open for the entrance of the next paintball PB

2

in sequence to load and enter gun breech

282

. As the rearward momentum of recock piston

203

and bolt

262

dissipates, they will be returned forward to their respective ready-to-fire positions in response to the forward urging of bolt spring

268

acting on bolt

262

.

As can be seen from the above description, the present invention provides a hammer assembly

201

that separately provides the recock function and the valve opening function for the gun. Included in hammer assembly

201

is an impacter

202

that moves unencumbered in performing the valve-impacting function as the gun

200

is fired. A separate recock piston

203

implements the recock function. Further, since the bolt

262

is positioned forward in the port-closed position when gun

200

is ready to fire, the gun fires with a closed bolt and with a projectile already in the firing chamber. Although one specific structure is shown for these two elements of hammer assembly

201

(namely, impacter

202

and recock piston

203

), it should be understood that a variety of structures capable of separably providing the impacting and recocking functions are feasible in accord with the teachings herein. Likewise, as mentioned above and as will be further illustrated below, this novel hammer assembly design can be utilized with numerous valve, bolt and frame configurations.

Although the embodiment illustrated in

FIG. 2

shows bolt

262

and recock piston

203

constrained to move in concert as they translate in either direction, as will be further explained herein below in conjunction with the explanation of other figures, it should be understood that the method of the invention taught herein contemplates use of any suitable structure wherein rearward motion of recock piston

203

results in rearward motion of bolt

262

, and wherein forward motion of forwardly-biased bolt

262

results in forward motion of recock piston

203

. More generally, movement of recock piston

203

rearward toward the impacter cocking position results in movement of bolt

262

toward the corresponding port-open position, and movement of bolt

262

forward toward the port-closed position results in movement of recock piston

203

toward the corresponding ready-to-fire position.

Referring now to

FIG. 3

, one embodiment of a semi-automatic pneumatic gun

300

configured for firing paintballs is shown. Incorporated into gun

300

is a hammer assembly

301

including (1) an impacter

302

and (2) a recock piston

303

. Gun

300

also is normally provided with an electronic trigger assembly

204

as explained in

FIG. 2

, and including an impacter sear

205

. Gun

300

has a frame

306

containing a longitudinally extending lower cavity

307

defined by interior sidewall

307

W

and a longitudinally extending upper cavity

308

defined by interior sidewall

308

W

. Lower cavity

307

and upper cavity

308

are joined yet separated by an intercavity web

309

. Web

309

is penetrated by an intercavity gas passageway

309

P

. An intercavity web slot

306

S

is provided rearwardly of rear end

309

R

of intercavity web

309

. Extending downward from lower cavity

307

is a sear slot

308

T

which is sized and shaped to accommodate one or more selected sears.

Referring both to FIG.

3

and to enlarged

FIG. 3A

, it can be seen that fixed within lower cavity

307

is a normally-closed impact-openable valve

311

. Valve

311

has a valve body

312

and a valve stem

313

. Valve stem

313

includes a seal body

313

B

having a rearwardly directed resilient valve seal

313

S

and a valve pin portion

315

, which pin portion

315

is of smaller diameter than the valve seal

313

S

. On the front

317

of valve body

312

is a valve seat

328

, annular in shape in this embodiment. The seat

328

is sealingly engageable by valve seal

313

S

of valve stem

313

. These just mentioned elements cooperate to control the release of compressed gas from a gas reservoir

330

in lower cavity

307

formed between valve

312

and reservoir plug

332

. For sealing purposes, reservoir plug

332

has an external o-ring

336

, and an exterior o-ring

333

is provided to seal valve body

312

against lower cavity

307

walls

307

W

. The gas reservoir

330

is configured to receive compressed gas from an external source (not shown) in a conventional manner via gas inlet

345

.

Extending rearwardly from valve body

312

to rear end

347

of lower cavity

307

(similar to the configuration shown in

FIG. 17

also) is a recock chamber portion

348

of lower cavity

307

. A sealable portion

349

of recock chamber

348

extends rearward from valve body

312

to a seal break

308

S

, where recock gas provided to recock chamber

348

is able to escape through frame

306

.

Valve pin

315

ends in a rearwardly-directed impact-receiving face

351

adapted to receive an impact as gun

300

is fired. On firing, valve

311

is momentarily opened to release compressed propulsion gas. On valve pin

315

there is a recock gas passage flat

355

that continues forward a predetermined distance L

355

from impact-receiving face

351

, to form a recock gas passageway in and along the valve pin

315

.

In this embodiment, valve body

312

is generally cylindrical, and is coaxially penetrated partially from the front

317

by an intermediate bore

320

and completely by a rear bore

324

of smaller diameter than the intermediate bore

320

.

An upper passageway

326

extends upward from intermediate bore

320

to communicate with intercavity gas passageway

309

P

. Thus upper passageway

326

and intercavity gas passageway

309

P

provide fluid communication between intermediate bore

320

and upper cavity

308

. Forward of upper passageway

326

on the exterior

331

of valve body

312

is a resilient front o-ring

333

for sealing between valve

312

and lower cavity walls

307

W

to prevent escape of pressurized gas.

Extending rearwardly from reservoir plug

332

is a valve stem retention boss

367

. Valve stem retention boss

367

on reservoir plug

332

limits the forward motion of valve stem

313

to a predetermined distance L

367

sufficient to ensuring that valve pin

315

does not tip sideways and bind within rear bore

324

.

Valve pin

315

fits slidingly within valve body

312

rear bore

324

. Recock gas passage flat

355

provides a recock gas passageway within rear bore

324

. When valve

311

is open, gas flows into intermediate bore

320

. One portion of the compressed gas flows thru recock gas passageway within rear boar

324

via passageway flat

355

, and into sealable portion

349

of the recock chamber

348

, as is illustrated by the arrow R in FIG.

3

A. Intermediate bore

320

, upper passageway

326

, and intercavity gas passageway

309

P

provide passage for the remaining portion of the compressed gas released to flow upwards into upper cavity

308

as illustrated by the arrows labeled P in FIG.

3

A.

Impacter

302

is slidably translatable within recock chamber

348

and is forwardly biased therein by an impacter power spring

260

. Impacter

302

is slidable from a cocked position to a forward valve opening position. Impacter

302

has a body

302

B

, with an impacter forward end

302

E

. On impacter forward end

302

E

in this embodiment are an impact-imparting face

302

I

for transferring momentum of a moving impacter

302

to valve

311

, directly or indirectly. An impacter contact face

302

C

is provided for contacting the recock piston

303

, either directly, or as shown in this embodiment, indirectly via way of bolt contact bar

362

B

. On impacter body

302

B

is a forwardly-directed sear shoulder

338

, engageable on edge

236

of trigger-controlled sear

205

that serves to restrain impacter

302

rearward in the cocked position (not shown in

FIG. 3

) when gun

300

is ready to fire.

Recock piston

303

is slidably translatable within recock chamber

348

between a forward ready-to-fire position and a rearward impacter cocking position (neither position shown in FIG.

3

). Recock piston

303

has a forwardly directed pressure receiving face

350

slidable within sealable portion

349

of recock chamber

348

. Recock piston

303

is sufficiently responsive to force exerted by gas released by valve

311

and provided to sealable portion

349

of recock chamber

348

to recock gun

300

. Centrally located on pressure receiving face

350

is a U-shaped impact transfer pin head recess

381

. Recock piston

303

is penetrated by a longitudinal impact-transfer passageway

383

providing a transfer portal

354

through face

350

, for accommodating in close fitting engagement therewith, an impact transfer structure, here shown as transfer pin

385

, but alternately may be provided as an enlongated nose portion on an impacter (see FIG.

5

and accompanying explanation) or an elongated valve pin (see FIG.

4

and accompanying explanation). Slidable within the longitudinal impact-transfer passageway

383

and transfer portal

354

is impact transfer pin

385

, captive therein by virtue of an exterior snap ring

387

at or near rear end

391

and an enlarged head portion

389

that fits slidably within transfer pin head recess

381

at the other end. Transfer pin

385

terminates at the rear end

391

in a transfer pin impact-receiving face

393

engageable by impacter impact-imparting face

302

I

. At the front end

395

, in a transfer pin impact-imparting face

397

engageable on valve pin impact-receiving face

351

. Recock piston

303

has a rear face

399

, which in this embodiment provides a piston contact face

303

RC

for contact with bolt

362

.

Slidably translatable within a bolt chamber portion

366

of upper cavity

308

is a bolt

362

, forwardly biased by a bolt spring

268

. Bolt

362

is moveable rearwardly to an “open” position where loading port

272

is opened for the introduction of a new projectile PB

2

into gun

300

. Bolt

362

is then moveable forwardly to close loading port

272

, to return the gun to a “closed” or “ready to fire” position, where the new projectile PB

2

has been moved into the firing chamber, i.e., immediately in front of the forward end

362

F

of bolt

362

when the bolt is moved to the closed position. In the closed position, the gun

300

is substantially sealed against the loss of compressed gas outward through the loading port

272

during firing of the projectile.

Extending from bolt

362

downward through intercavity web slot

309

S

and into lower cavity

308

is a bolt connection bar

362

B

having a bolt forward contact face

362

FC

and a bolt rearward contact face

362

RC

. When recock piston

303

moves rearward, the recock piston rearward contact face

303

RC

and bolt forward contact face

362

FC

engage to move bolt

362

rearward. Bolt rearward contact face

362

RC

and impacter contact face

302

C

engage to move impacter

302

rearward. When bolt

362

moves forward in response to the urging of bolt spring

268

, bolt forward contact face

362

FC

engages recock piston rearward contact face

303

RC

to move recock piston

303

forward. Thus, bolt

362

is responsive to rearward motion of recock piston

303

, recock piston

303

is responsive to forward motion of bolt

362

, and impacter

302

is responsive to rearward movement of recock piston

303

.

In summary, the embodiment of a novel pneumatic gun

300

shown in

FIGS. 3 and 3A

illustrates the use of an impacter

302

which is indirectly engaged by the recock piston

303

, but which is directly engaged by a bolt connection bar

362

B

. The bolt connection bar

362

B

is directly engaged by the recock piston

303

. The connection bar

362

B

drives the bolt

362

to an open position, and drives the impacter

302

to its cocked position. The use of a transfer pin

385

is also illustrated, which at time of firing of the gun, indirectly transfers momentum from the impacter

302

to the valve stem

313

. Finally, the use of a passageway flat

355

in and along the valve pin

315

for passage of recock gas through the valve body

312

toward the recock piston

303

is shown. The detail shown in

FIG. 3A

illustrates in enlarged detail the use of such a passageway flat

355

in and along the valve pin

315

portion of the valve stem

313

, for passage of recock gas through the valve body

312

toward the recock piston

303

.

Turning now to

FIG. 4

, another embodiment of a pneumatic gun is illustrated as gun

400

. Incorporated into gun

400

is a hammer assembly

401

including (1) an impacter

402

and (2) a recock piston

403

. Gun

400

also is normally provided with an electronic trigger

204

as explained in

FIG. 2

, including an impacter sear

205

. Gun

400

has a frame

406

containing a longitudinally extending lower cavity

407

defined by interior sidewall

407

W

and a longitudinally extending upper cavity

408

defined by interior sidewall

408

W

. Lower cavity

407

and upper cavity

408

are joined yet separated by an intercavity web

409

. Web

409

is penetrated by an intercavity gas passageway

409

P

. An intercavity web slot

409

S

is provided rearwardly of rear end

409

R

of intercavity web

409

. Extending downward from lower cavity

407

is a sear slot

408

S

which is sized and shaped to accommodate one or more selected sears.

Referring both to FIG.

4

and to enlarged

FIG. 4A

, it can be seen that fixed within lower cavity

407

is a normally-closed impact-openable valve

411

. Valve

411

has a valve body

412

and a valve stem

413

. Valve stem

413

includes a seal body

413

B

having a rearwardly directed resilient valve seal

413

S

and an elongated valve pin portion

415

. Pin portion

415

is of smaller diameter than the valve seal

413

S

. On the front

417

of valve body

412

is a valve seat

428

, annular in shape in this embodiment. The seat

428

is sealingly engageable by valve seal

413

S

of valve stem

413

. These just mentioned elements cooperate to control the release of compressed gas from a gas reservoir

430

in lower cavity

407

formed between valve

412

and reservoir plug

432

. For sealing purposes, reservoir plug

432

has an exterior o-ring

467

, and an exterior o-ring

433

is provided to seal valve body

412

against lower cavity

407

walls

407

W

. The gas reservoir

430

is configured to receive compressed gas from an external source (not shown) in a conventional manner via gas inlet

445

.

Extending rearwardly from valve body

412

to rear end

347

of lower cavity

407

(similar to the configuration shown in

FIG. 17

also) is a recock chamber portion

448

of lower cavity

407

. A sealable portion

449

of recock chamber

448

extends rearward from valve body

412

to a seal break

408

S

, where recock gas provided to recock chamber

448

is able to escape through frame

406

.

Valve pin

415

ends in a rearwardly-directed impact-receiving face

451

adapted to receive an impact as gun

400

is fired. On firing, valve

411

is momentarily opened to release compressed propulsion gas. In this embodiment, valve body

412

is generally cylindrical, and is coaxially penetrated partially from the front

417

by an intermediate bore

420

and completely by a rear bore

424

of smaller diameter than the intermediate bore

420

.

An upper passageway

426

extends upward from intermediate bore

420

to communicate with intercavity gas passageway

409

P

. Thus upper passageway

426

and intercavity gas passageway

409

P

provide fluid communication between intermediate bore

420

and upper cavity

408

. Forward of upper passageway

426

on the exterior

431

of valve body

412

is a resilient front o-ring

433

for sealing between valve

412

and lower cavity walls

407

W

to prevent escape of pressurized gas.

Extending rearwardly from reservoir plug

432

is a valve spring

437

for urging valve stem

413

toward a valve closed position. To stabilize the location of spring

437

, a spring retention boss

435

is provided on the forward reaches of valve stem

413

.

Valve pin

415

fits slidingly within valve body

412

rear bore

424

. Recock gas passage is provided through oversizing of rear bore

424

. When valve

411

is open, gas flows into intermediate bore

420

. One portion of the compressed gas flows thru recock gas passageway via oversized rear borer

424

, and into sealable portion

449

of the recock chamber

448

, as is illustrated by the arrow R in FIG.

4

A. Intermediate bore

420

, upper passageway

426

, and intercavity gas passageway

409

P

provide passage for the remaining portion of the compressed gas released to flow upwards into upper cavity

408

as illustrated by the arrow labeled P in FIG.

4

A.

Impacter

402

is slidably translatable within recock chamber

448

and is forwardly biased therein by an impacter power spring

260

. Impacter

402

is slidable from a cocked position to a forward valve opening position. Impacter

402

has a body

402

B

, with a middle portion

402

M

and an impacter forward end

402

E

. On impacter forward end

402

E

in this embodiment are an impact-imparting face

402

I

for transferring momentum of a moving impacter

402

to valve

411

, directly or indirectly. An impacter contact face

402

C

is provided for contacting the recock piston

403

, either directly as shown in this

FIG. 4

, or indirectly. Thus impacter

402

is directly responsive to rearward travel of recock piston

403

. On impacter body

402

B

is a forwardly-directed flange

402

F

which functions as a sear shoulder

438

, engageable on edge

236

of trigger-controlled sear

205

that serves to restrain impacter

402

rearward in the cocked position (not shown in

FIG. 4

) when gun

400

is ready to fire.

Recock piston

403

is slidably translatable within recock chamber

448

between a forward ready-to-fire position and a rearward impacter cocking position (neither position shown in FIG.

4

). Recock piston

403

has a forwardly directed pressure receiving face

450

slidable within sealable portion

449

of recock chamber

448

. Recock piston

403

is sufficiently responsive to force exerted by gas released by valve

411

and provided to sealable portion

449

of recock chamber

448

to recock gun

400

. Recock piston

403

is penetrated by a longitudinal impact-transfer passageway

483

, for accommodating an impact transfer structure, here shown as valve pin

415

. Recock piston

403

comprises an impacter receiving portion which comprises, rearward of piston face

450

, an interior sidewall

403

W

defining a cavity

403

C

sized and shaped to receive, in interfitting sliding engagement, middle portion

402

M

of impacter

402

. The point of penetration of pressure receiving face

450

by the longitudinal impact transfer passageway

483

is considered to define a momentum transfer portal

485

, since the required momentum may be alternately provided through use of an enlongated nose portion on an impacter (see FIG.

5

and accompanying explanation) or a transfer pin (see FIG.

3

and accompanying explanation).

Slidably translatable within a bolt chamber portion

466

of upper cavity

408

is a bolt

462

, forwardly biased by a bolt spring

268

. Bolt

462

is moveable rearwardly to an “open” position where loading port

272

is opened for the introduction of a new projectile PB

2

into gun

400

. Bolt

462

is then moveable forwardly to close loading port

272

, to return the gun to a “closed” or “ready to fire” position, where the new projectile PB

2

has been moved into the firing chamber, i.e., immediately in front of the forward end

462

F

of bolt

462

when the bolt is moved to the closed position. In the closed position, the gun

400

is substantially sealed against the loss of compressed gas outward through the loading port

272

during firing of the projectile.

Recock piston

403

has a rear contact bar

403

B

, which in this embodiment provides a recock piston contact face

403

RC

for contact with a forward contact face

462

FC

of a downwardly extending bolt connector bar

462

B

. When recock piston

403

moves rearward, the recock piston rearward contact face

403

RC

and bolt forward contact face

462

FC

engage to move bolt

462

rearward. Thus, bolt

462

is responsive to rearward motion of recock piston

403

. Recock piston annular contact face

403

AC

and impacter contact flanged contact face

402

C

engage to move impacter

402

rearward. When bolt

462

moves forward in response to the urging of bolt spring

268

, bolt forward contact face

462

FC

engages recock piston rearward contact face

403

RC

to move recock piston

403

forward. Thus recock piston

403

is responsive to forward motion of bolt

462

, and impacter

402

is responsive to rearward movement of recock piston

403

.

The embodiment shown in

FIG. 4

can be summarized in that it illustrates: (1) the use of an impacter

402

having an outer flanged portion which directly engages the recock piston

403

, wherein the impacter

402

does not engage the bolt or its bolt connection bar. The bolt is driven by a contact bar portion of the recock piston

403

which interfaces with the bolt connection bar; (2) the use of a bolt with a gas passage along lower frontal portion thereof, and (3) the use of a passageway alongside of the valve stem but through the valve body for passage of recock gas through the valve body toward the recock piston.

FIG. 4A

shows in enlarged detail the use of a passageway alongside of the valve pin

415

but through the valve body

412

for passage of recock gas through the valve body

412

toward the recock piston

403

.

Attention is now is directed to

FIG. 5

, where a fourth embodiment of a novel pneumatic gun is provided. In short,

FIG. 5

depicts (1) the use of an impacter

502

which translates within a bore

503

U

in a recock piston

503

, where the impacter

502

has a front contact face

502

C

that directly engages the recock piston

503

, wherein the impacter does not engage a the bolt or its bolt connection bar, since the bolt is driven by a bolt connection bar provided with the recock piston, and (2) the use of a bolt with a gas passage upward from the bottom to discharge along its centerline at the frontal portion thereof, and (3) the use of a passageway in and along a nose portion of the impacter for passage of recock gas through the valve body toward the recock piston, and (4) the use of a valve having a ball and matching seat, rather than an elongated stem and matching seat as illustrated in

FIGS. 2 and 3

above.

FIG. 5A

illustrates in enlarged detail the use of a passageway in and alongside of nose portion of an impacter for passage of recock gas through the valve body toward the recock piston.

Referring to

FIG. 5

, incorporated into gun

500

is a hammer assembly

501

including (1) an impacter

502

and (2) a recock piston

503

. Gun

500

also is normally provided with an electronic trigger assembly

204

as explained in

FIG. 2

, including an impacter sear

205

. Gun

500

has a frame

506

containing a longitudinally extending lower cavity

507

defined by interior sidewall

507

W

and a longitudinally extending upper cavity

508

defined by interior sidewall

508

W

. Lower cavity

507

and upper cavity

508

are joined yet separated by an intercavity web

509

. Web

509

is penetrated by an intercavity gas passageway

509

P

. An intercavity web slot

509

S

is provided rearwardly of rear end

509

R

of intercavity web

509

. Extending downward from lower cavity

507

is a sear slot

508

T

which is sized and shaped to accommodate one or more selected sears.

Referring both to FIG.

5

and to enlarged

FIG. 5A

, it can be seen that fixed within lower cavity

507

is a normally-closed impact-openable valve

511

. Valve

511

has a valve body

512

. On the front

517

of valve body

512

is a valve seat

528

, annular in shape in this embodiment. The seat

528

is sealingly engageable by valve ball

529

. These just mentioned elements cooperate to control the release of compressed gas from a gas reservoir

530

in lower cavity

507

formed between valve

512

and reservoir plug

532

. For sealing purposes, reservoir plug

532

has an external o-ring

567

, and an exterior o-ring

533

is provided to seal valve body

512

against lower cavity

507

walls

507

W

. The gas reservoir

530

is configured to receive compressed gas from an external source (not shown) in a conventional manner via gas inlet

545

.

Extending rearwardly from valve body

512

to rear end

347

(similar to the configuration shown in

FIG. 17

also) of lower cavity

507

is a recock chamber portion

548

of lower cavity

507

. A sealable portion

549

of recock chamber

548

extends rearward from valve body

512

to a seal break

508

S

, where recock gas provided to recock chamber

548

is able to escape through frame

506

.

Valve ball

529

ends in a rearwardly-directed impact-receiving face

551

(actually, any surface of ball

529

that happens to be rearwardly directed at time of firing) adapted to receive an impact as gun

500

is fired. On firing, valve

511

is momentarily opened to release compressed gas. In this embodiment, valve body

512

is generally cylindrical, and is coaxially penetrated partially from the front

517

by an intermediate bore

520

and completely by a rear bore

524

of smaller diameter than the intermediate bore

520

.

An upper passageway

526

extends upward from intermediate bore

520

to communicate with intercavity gas passageway

509

p. Thus upper passageway

526

and intercavity gas passageway

509

p provide fluid communication between intermediate bore

520

and upper cavity

508

. Forward of upper passageway

526

on the exterior

531

of valve body

512

is a resilient front o-ring

533

for sealing between valve body

512

and lower cavity walls

507

w to prevent escape of pressurized gas.

Extending rearwardly from reservoir plug

532

is a valve spring

537

for urging valve ball

529

toward a valve closed position.

Impacter

502

is slidably translatable within recock chamber

548

and is forwardly biased therein by an impacter power spring

260

. Impacter

502

is slidable from a cocked position to a forward valve opening position. Impacter

502

has a body

502

B

, and an elongated nose portion

502

E

. On elongated nose portion

502

E

is an impact-imparting face

502

I

for transferring momentum of a moving impacter to valve ball

529

. An impacter contact face

502

C

is provided for contacting the recock piston

503

directly as shown in this FIG.

5

A. On impacter body

502

B

is a forwardly-directed sear shoulder

538

, engageable on edge

236

of trigger-controlled sear

205

that serves to restrain impacter

502

rearward in the cocked position (not shown in

FIG. 5

) when gun

500

is ready to fire.

Recock piston

503

is slidably translatable within recock chamber

548

between a forward ready-to-fire position and a rearward impacter cocking position (neither position shown in FIG.

5

). Recock piston

503

has a forwardly directed pressure receiving face

550

slidable within sealable portion

549

of recock chamber

548

. Recock piston

503

is sufficiently responsive to force exerted by gas released by valve

511

and provided to sealable portion

549

of recock chamber

548

to recock gun

500

. Recock piston

503

is penetrated by a longitudinal impact-transfer passageway

583

, for accommodating an impact transfer structure, here shown as elongated nose portion

502

E

of impacter

502

. Recock piston

503

comprises a generally horizontal U-shaped structure having a recock piston interior sidewall. Impacter body

502

B

is sized and shaped in an elongated structure having outer dimensions complementary in size and shape to recock piston interior sidewall, so that impacter body

502

B

is slidingly engageable therewithin. The point of penetration of pressure receiving face

550

by the longitudinal impact transfer passageway

583

is considered to define a momentum transfer portal

585

, since the required momentum may be alternately provided through use of an elongated nose portion

502

E

on an impacter as just illustrated, or by a valve pin (see FIG.

4

and accompanying explanation) or a transfer pin (see in FIG.

3

and accompanying explanation). Note that the elongated nose portion

502

E

can be provided in a generally cylindrical shape, as envisioned in

FIGS. 5 and 5A

. Importantly, as shown in

FIG. 5A

, a flat

555

on a portion of the nose portion

502

E can be provided for provision of a recock gas passageway in and along the elongated nose portion

502

E

. When valve

511

is open, gas flows into intermediate bore

520

. One portion of the compressed gas flows thru recock gas passageway within rear bore

524

, and into sealable portion

549

of the recock chamber

548

, as is illustrated by the arrow R in FIG.

5

A. Intermediate bore

520

, upper passageway

526

, and intercavity gas passageway

509

P

provide passage for the remaining portion of the compressed gas released to flow upwards into upper cavity

508

as illustrated by the arrow labeled P in FIG.

5

A.

Slidably translatable within a bolt chamber portion

566

of upper cavity

508

is a bolt

562

, forwardly biased by a bolt spring

268

. Bolt

562

is moveable rearwardly to an “open” position where loading port

272

is opened for the introduction of a new projectile PB

2

into gun

500

. Bolt

562

is then moveable forwardly to close loading port

272

, to return the bolt

562

to a “closed” or “ready to fire” position, where the new projectile PB

2

has been moved into the firing chamber, i.e., immediately in front of the forward end

562

F

of bolt

562

when the bolt

562

is moved to the closed position. In the closed position, the gun

500

is substantially sealed against the loss of compressed gas outward through the loading port

272

during firing of the projectile.

Recock piston

503

has a rear contact bar which in this embodiment provides a recock piston connecting rod

503

P

for connection with bolt

562

. Connecting rod

503

P

extends upward into and through intercavity web slot

509

S

. With connecting rod

503

P

in place, the bolt

562

and the recock piston

503

are to constrained to move together. Thus, when recock piston

503

moves rearward, the connecting rod

503

P

urges bolt

562

rearward. When bolt

562

moves forward in response to the urging of bolt spring

268

, bolt

562

urges the recock piston

503

forward.

In this embodiment, the recock piston

503

is provided having a rear contact face

503

RC

(see in

FIG. 5A

) that provides a contact face for direct engagement with the impacter

502

contact face

502

C

. The impacter body section

502

B

fits slidably within recock piston bore

503

U

. When recock piston

503

moves rearward, piston rear contact face

503

RC

engages and moves impacter

502

rearward. Thus impacter

502

is responsive to rearward movement of recock piston

503

.

Attention is now directed to

FIGS. 6

,

7

and

8

, where one embodiment of a semiautomatic pneumatic gun

600

configured for firing paintballs is shown.

FIG. 6

shows in cross-sectional view a gun

600

cocked and ready to fire, illustrating the novel use of separate impacter

602

and recock piston

604

in a single cavity pneumatic gun

600

. More particularly, this embodiment shows the possible use of many advantageous features, including (1) the use of an impacter

602

that is directly engaged by the recock piston

604

during recocking, (2) the use of a connecting rod

608

as a direct mechanical link between the recock piston

604

and a bolt

610

, (3) the use of an elongated nose portion

612

on the impactor

602

to impact an impact receiving face

614

on a valve stem assembly

616

, to open the gas valve

618

, (4) the use of a gas reservoir

620

within the valve body

622

, and (5) a passageway

624

along an exterior forward portion

626

of the valve body

622

directed toward the bolt

610

for passage of a portion of the gas released by the valve

616

to travel toward the projectile PB

1

to be fired.

FIG. 7

illustrates in cross-sectional view the novel use of separate impacter

602

and recock piston

604

in a single cavity pneumatic gun

600

. This figure shows the gun

600

partially through the firing process, with the impacter

602

forward in the valve opening position, the valve

618

open and starting to release compressed gas, a paintball PB

1

still in the firing chamber

630

and about to be propelled forward in response to portion of the released gas, and the recock piston

604

and bolt

610

not yet moved from their respective ready to fire positions.

FIG. 8

further illustrates in cross-sectional view the novel use of separate irnpacter

602

and recock piston

604

in a single cavity pneumatic gun

600

. This figure shows recock piston

604

held (briefly) in the rearward bolt-open position by the recock piston sear

632

, so that the connecting rod

608

operating as a mechanical link between the recock piston

604

and the bolt

610

also holds the bolt

610

in an open projectile loading position.

Generally, I have discovered that a novel, improved gun

600

can be developed utilizing the teachings herein to modify the design of prior art guns sold by Tippmann Pneumatics, Inc. of 3518 Adams Center Road, Fort Wayne, Ind. 46806 (http://www.tippmann.com), under the trademarks Model 98 and 98 Custom. In such a new, modified gun

600

, a hammer assembly

606

is provided that includes an impacter

602

and a recock piston

604

. An electronic trigger assembly

640

is separately provided, including a first recock piston solenoid

642

to control recock piston sear

632

, and a second impacter solenoid

644

to control impacter sear

646

. Physical control for the firing mechanism in this embodiment is provided by the impacter sear

646

and the recock piston sear

632

.

Gun

600

has a clamshell type frame

650

having a left-hand half shell

650

L

and a right-hand half shell. As shown In

FIGS. 6

,

7

and

8

, a right-hand half has been removed, and hence only the left hand half shell

650

is shown. Within frame

650

is a longitudinally extending cavity

652

. Extending forward from cavity

652

is a barrel

654

. Shown within barrel

654

in

FIGS. 6 and 7

is a paintball PB

1

.

Referring to

FIG. 7

, and to enlarged

FIG. 7A

, fixed within cavity

652

is a power tube

655

comprising (a) rearwardly, a valve housing portion

656

, and (b) forwardly, a bolt guide portion

660

penetrated by a bolt guide bore

6076

. Fixed within valve housing portion

656

is a normally-closed, impact openable valve

618

having a valve body

622

and a valve stem assembly

616

. Extending rearward from valve body

622

is a recock chamber portion

662

of gun cavity

652

. A sealable portion

664

(see

FIG. 8

) of recock chamber

662

is provided, rearward of which gas may escape.

Valve stem assembly

616

comprises a rearwardly-directed resilient valve seal

670

. Forward of valve seal

670

is a valve spring boss

671

. Rearward of valve seal

670

is a valve pin portion

672

of valve stem assembly

616

, ending in a rearwardly-directed impact-receiving face

614

adapted to receive an impact as gun

600

is fired. Upon firing, valve

618

momentarily opens to release compressed gas. Valve body

622

is generally cylindrical, and is rearwardly penetrated coaxially by a front bore

676

, an intermediate bore

678

, and a rear bore

680

of successively smaller diameter. Rear bore

680

passes completely through valve body

622

. The transition between rear bore

680

and intermediate bore

678

defines a bore transition plane

679

. Extending forward from bore transition plane

679

to the front end

682

of valve body

622

is a propulsion gas passageway

624

on exterior

626

of valve body

622

. A transverse passageway

686

extends inward from passageway

624

to connect with intermediate bore

678

. Thus transverse passageway

686

and passageway

624

provide fluid communication between valve intermediate bore

678

and bolt guide bore

6076

.

The transition from front bore

676

to intermediate bore

678

provides a valve seat

688

of annular form sealingly engageable by valve seal

670

. Front bore

676

provides a gas reservoir

620

configured to receive compressed gas from an external source (not shown) via a gas inlet

681

. Captured within and sealing the front end

692

of gas reservoir

620

by an internal snap ring

694

is a reservoir plug

695

with an external o-ring

696

.

A valve spring

698

between valve spring boss

671

and reservoir plug

695

serves to urge valve seal

670

rearward to engage valve seat

688

. Valve seal

670

and valve seat

688

cooperate to control the release of compressed gas from gas reservoir

620

.

Valve pin portion

672

of valve stem assembly

616

fits slidingly within and is of appreciably smaller diameter than valve body rear bore

680

, thereby providing a gap to function as a recock gas passageway

699

through and within a portion of rear bore

680

. When valve

618

is open, gas flows into intermediate bore

678

. One portion of the compressed gas flows through a portion of rear to bore

680

, i.e. through the recock gas passageway

699

, and into the sealable portion

664

of the recock chamber

662

, as is illustrated by the reference arrow R in FIG.

7

A. Transverse passageway

686

and gas passageway

624

provide passage for the remaining portion of the compressed gas released to flow forward Into bolt guide bore

6076

as is illustrated by the reference arrow labeled P in FIG.

7

A. Thus, recock gas porting includes intermediate bore

678

and that portion of rear bore

680

that functions as recock gas passageway

699

. Propulsion gas porting comprises intermediate bore

678

, transverse passageway

686

, passageway

624

, bolt guide bore

6076

, and a bolt bore

6010

.

Recock piston

604

is slidably translatable within recock chamber

662

. Recock piston

604

has a body section

6014

with a forwardly directed face

6016

slidable within sealable portion

664

of recock chamber

662

. Recock piston

604

is sufficiently responsive to force exerted by gas released by valve

618

and provided to sealable portion

664

of recock chamber

662

to recock gun

600

. In this embodiment recock piston body

6014

has an exterior o-ring

6020

. In this embodiment, recock piston

604

is fully penetrated by a longitudinal passageway

6030

. The transition between the forwardly directed face

6016

and longitudinal passageway

6030

defines a momentum transfer portal

6032

.

Rearward of recock piston body section

6014

is a rear section

6034

of larger diameter than body section

6014

. Rear section

6034

of recock piston

604

terminates rearwardly in a rear section face

6036

which in this embodiment provides a piston contact face impingeable on impacter contact face

6040

for the purpose of imparting rearward. motion of recock piston

604

to impacter

602

. Thus impacter

602

is responsive to rearward movement of recock piston

604

. Penetrating rear section

6034

is a connecting rod recess

6042

. Rear section

6034

terminates forwardly in a rear section shoulder

6044

. As shown, rear section shoulder

6044

provides a piston sear engagement shoulder.

Recock piston

604

is translatable between a forward ready-to-fire position (shown in

FIGS. 6 and 7

) and a rearward bolt-open, impacter cocking, piston-sear engaged position (shown in FIG.

8

). In the recock piston sear engaged position, impacter

602

is held just rearward of the impacter cocked position.

Impacter

602

is slidably translatable within recock chamber

662

and is forwardly biased therein by an impacter power spring

6050

captive between impacter

602

and a forwardly facing shoulder

6052

of a spring guide

6054

. Spring guide

6054

rests against a rear plug

6056

captive at the rear

6063

of cavity

652

. Impacter

602

is slidable from a cocked position to a forward valve opening position. Forward of rear plug

6056

is a resilient impacter buffer

6060

serving to absorb any excess force as impacter

602

moves rearward.

Impacter

602

has a body section

6062

of transverse cross-section larger than the transverse size and shape of momentum transfer portal

6032

. In this embodiment, impacter

602

. nose portion

612

fits slidably within longitudinal passageway

6030

in recock piston

604

. Impacter

602

nose portion

612

terminates forwardly in an impact imparting face

6064

.

On impacter body section

6062

is a forwardly-directed impacter sear shoulder

6066

, engageable on sear edge

6068

of trigger-controlled impacter sear

646

that serves to restrain impacter

602

rearward in the cocked position (shown in

FIG. 6

) when gun

600

is ready to fire. Body section

6062

terminates forwardly in a body shoulder

6070

that in this embodiment provides an impacter contact face

6040

.

Slidably translatable within bolt chamber portion

658

of gun cavity

652

is a bolt

610

. Bolt

610

is slidable within bolt chamber

658

between a forward bolt closed, ready-to-fire position and an open bolt position which allows the introduction of a projectile. Bolt

610

is forwardly biased by a bolt spring

6072

. Penetrating bolt

610

longitudinally is a bolt bore

6010

. Bolt bore

6010

slidably surrounds and is substantially sealed by bolt guide portion

660

of power tube

655

. Slidable within gun frame

650

is a longitudinally extending connecting rod

608

which has an elongated generally U-shaped link-like member having an extended body portion

6077

and a relatively short (a) first end member

6078

and (b) second end member

6080

. Connecting rod first end member

6078

fits within connecting rod recess

6042

in recock piston

604

. Second end member

6080

fits within a bolt connecting rod recess

6084

in bolt

610

, thereby constraining bolt

610

to translate in concert with recock piston

604

. Hence, when recock piston

604

moves rearward to the bolt open position, bolt

610

also moves rearward, serving thereby to open a loading port for the introduction of a new projectile PB

2

(shown in

FIG. 8

) into a gun breech

6090

in bolt chamber

658

. (Loading port is of conventional construction and can be readily provided by those skilled in the art and to whom this specification is addressed. However, since loading port is on the right-hand side of gun

600

, it is not visible in

FIGS. 6

,

7

, or

8

.)

When bolt

610

moves forward in response to the urging of bolt spring

6072

, recock piston

604

also moves forward to the ready-to-fire position as is shown in FIG.

6

. Also, the forward motion of bolt

610

closes loading port and moves a new projectile PB

2

from breech

6090

forward into a gun firing chamber

630

. in this embodiment firing chamber

630

is further sealed by an exterior o-ring

6094

on bolt

610

.

Fixed on connecting rod

608

and extending outward through gun frame

650

is a cocking handle

6096

graspable by a gun user for the purpose of moving recock piston

604

, bolt

610

, and impacter

602

rearward when cocking the gun manually.

When trigger

6098

is actuated by a gun user, impacter solenoid

644

is activated briefly, moving impacter sear

646

down briefly and releasing impacter

602

to move from the impacter-cocked position shown in FIG.

6

.to the impacting, valve opening position shown in FIG.

7

.

During recocking, the recock piston

604

moves impacter

602

rearward until the recock piston

604

reaches the open bolt position illustrated in

FIG. 8

, with the result that the impacter

602

is now slightly rearward of the impacter-cocked position. With the recock piston

604

. now in this rearward position, the bolt

610

is also rearward in the bolt open position, allowing the next paintball PB

2

in sequence to load to pass through the open gun loading port and into the gun breech

6090

shown in FIG.

8

.

At an interval of time after the impacter solenoid

644

was energized predetermined to provide sufficient time for paintball PB

2

to have loaded into breech

6090

, the timing control circuit

6100

briefly activates recock piston solenoid

642

, moving recock piston sear

632

down briefly and releasing recock piston

604

to return forward with bolt

610

to the ready-to-fire position. Recock piston sear

632

and associated elements are thus seen to provide additional time for paintballs to be loaded into gun

600

.

Another embodiment of a novel semiautomatic pneumatic gun

700

is depicted in

FIGS. 9 and 9A

, configured for firing paintballs. Gun

700

is derived by applying the teachings herein to a prior art gun design sold by Brass Eagle, Inc. P. O. Box 1956, Rogers, Arizona, 72757 under the trademark Stingray and Stingray II, some portions of which are described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,634,456 issued to Perrone on Jun. 3, 1997.

FIG. 9

illustrates in cross-sectional view the novel use of a separate impacter

702

and recock piston

704

in a single cavity pneumatic gun

700

, similar to the gun

600

just illustrated in

FIGS. 6

,

7

, and

8

above, but now showing use of a valve

708

having a passageway

710

within the valve stem

712

for passage of gas for propulsion. Here, the gun

700

is shown at the initiation of firing, where the valve

708

has opened to release gas to start the projectile PB

1

out of the barrel

714

, and to introduce gas into the sealable portion

716

of the recock chamber

717

, but wherein the recock piston

704

has not yet started moving rearward, i.e., from the ready to fire position toward the recocking position.

Incorporated into gun

700

is a hammer assembly

701

provided according to the present invention comprising, separately, an impacter

702

and a recock piston

704

. An electronic trigger assembly

720

is provided, including for actuation by the electronic trigger assembly components an impacter sear

722

and a recock piston sear

724

.

Gun

700

has a clamshell type frame

730

having a front end

731

and a rear end

734

. Frame

730

has a left-hand half

730

L

and a right-hand half. In

FIG. 9

right-hand half has been removed and hence is not shown. Within frame

730

is a longitudinally extending cavity

732

. Extending forward from cavity

732

is a barrel

714

. Shown moving forward within barrel

714

as a result of gun

700

just having been fired is a paintball PB

1

.

FIG. 9A

illustrates in detail the area marked “FIG.

9

A” in

FIG. 9

, now illustrating in enlarged detail the use of a passageway

736

within rear bore

737

alongside of the valve stem

712

for passage of recock gas through the rear bore

737

in valve body

738

, as the recock gas moves toward the forward recess

739

in recock piston

704

. Also, a passageway

710

within valve stem

712

provides for the passage of propulsion as as indicated by arrow P in FIG.

9

A.

Referring to

FIG. 9

, and to enlarged

FIG. 9A

, fixed within cavity

732

is a power tube

740

comprising (a) rearwardly, a valve housing portion

742

, and (b), forwardly, a bolt guide portion

744

. Fixed within valve housing portion

742

is body

738

of valve

708

. Valve body

738

has a rearwardly directed face

748

. Extending rearward from rearwardly directed face

748

of valve body

738

is a recock chamber portion

717

of gun cavity

732

.

The valve stem

712

includes a rearwardly-directed valve sealing engagement annulus

754

providing a rearwardly directed seal on valve sealing body

758

. Extending forward from valve sealing body

758

is a valve tube

759

containing a valve tube passageway

710

defined by interior sidewalls

760

. Extending rearward from valve sealing body

758

is a solid valve pin

761

that terminates rearwardly in an impact receiving face

762

. Spaced radially inward of the sealing engagement annulus

754

, and spaced radially outward of valve pin

761

are inlets

763

for a plurality of propulsion gas passageways

766

penetrating valve sealing body

758

forwardly to fluidly connect with valve tube passageway

710

. Commonly three or four propulsion gas passageways

766

are provided through valve sealing body

758

.

Valve body

738

is generally cylindrical. Valve body

738

has a rearwardly directed face

748

. Valve body

738

is penetrated coaxially by a front bore

770

and by a rear bore

737

. Front bore

770

is of larger diameter than rear bore

737

, and thereby provides a forwardly-directed shoulder

774

that supports a resilient valve seat

776

of annular form sealingly engageable by valve seat engagement annulus

754

.

The interior sidewalls

780

of front bore

770

define sidewalls of a gas reservoir

782

configured to receive compressed gas from an external source (not shown) via a gas inlet

784

. Captured within and sealing the forward end

786

of gas reservoir

782

is a reservoir plug

788

, sealed at wall

780

via o-ring

789

. An internal snap ring

790

retains reservoir plug

788

in place within valve body

738

.

In this embodiment, an electronic trigger assembly

720

is provided on gun

700

. The trigger assembly

720

includes a firing switch

796

, a user-actuable trigger

798

, an electronic timing control circuit

7002

powered by a battery

7004

, an impacter sear

722

connected by an impacter sear link

7005

to an impacter sear solenoid

7006

, and a piston sear

724

connected by a piston sear link

7008

to a piston sear solenoid

7010

. Firing switch

796

is positioned to be actuated by trigger

798

. Sears

722

and

724

penetrate through sear slot

708

S and are constantly spring biased upward. Impacter solenoid

7006

, when energized by a timing control circuit

7002

, moves impacter sear

722

downward, out of a position of engagement with impacter sear shoulder

7074

. Recock piston solenoid

7010

, when energized by timing control circuit

7002

. moves recock piston sear

724

downward, out of a position of engagement with recock piston sear shoulder

7054

. When trigger

798

is actuated by the gun user, timing control circuit

7002

energizes impacter sear solenoid

7006

and recock piston solenoid

7010

in a predetermined firing sequence.

The outer surface

7011

of the tube

759

defining valve tube passageway portion

710

of valve stem

712

fits slidingly within reservoir plug bore

7018

, and is sealed therein by a tube o-ring

7012

. Surrounding tube surface

7011

, rearward of o-ring

7012

. is a tube washer

7014

. A valve spring

7016

between valve sealing body

758

and tube washer

7014

serves to urge washer

7014

and o-ring

7012

forward against reservoir plug

788

, thereby sealing reservoir plug bore

7018

. Valve spring

7016

also urges sealing engagement annulus

754

rearward to engage resilient valve seat

776

. Valve seal engagement annulus

754

and resilient valve seat

776

cooperate to control the release of compressed gas from gas reservoir

782

.

Solid valve pin

761

fits slidingly within rear bore

737

. On valve pin

761

in this embodiment is a recock gas passage flat

7020

, which provides space for a recock gas passageway

736

within rear bore

737

. Thus, recock gas porting includes, in succession, (a) valve seat

776

passageway

7022

, and (b) the recock gas passageway

736

along flat

7020

and within rear bore

737

; this recock gas porting provides for passage into recock chamber

717

for one portion of the compressed gas released when valve

708

is opened, as is illustrated by the arrow R in FIG.

9

A.

The propulsion gas porting includes, in succession propulsion gas passageways

766

, valve tube bore

710

, bolt guide portion

744

, and bolt gas passageway

7030

(discussed below). The propulsion gas porting provides for fluid passage of the compressed gas released from gas reservoir

782

to propel a projectile PB

1

, as is illustrated by the arrow labeled P in FIG.

9

A.

Recock piston

704

is slidably translatable within recock chamber

717

. Recock piston

704

has a recock piston body

7031

with a forwardly directed front face

7032

slidable within recock chamber sealable portion

716

. Recock piston

704

is sufficiently responsive to force exerted by gas released by valve

708

and provided to sealable portion

716

of recock chamber

717

to recock gun

700

. Forwardly directed face

7032

includes a centrally located clearance recess

739

. In this embodiment recock piston body

7031

has an exterior o-ring

7034

. Also, recock piston

704

is fully penetrated by a longitudinal passageway

7036

. The transition between the forwardly directed front face

7032

and longitudinal passageway

7036

defines a momentum transfer portal

7040

.

Rearward of the recock piston body

7031

is a rear section

7042

of the recock piston

704

; the rear section

7042

has a larger diameter than the body portion

7031

, and terminates rearwardly in a rear face

7044

; in this embodiment rear face

7044

provides a recock piston contact face that is impingeable on impacter contact face

7045

for the purpose of transferring the rearward motion of recock piston

704

to impacter

702

. Thus impacter

702

is responsive to rearward movement of recock piston

704

. In the upper reaches of recock piston

704

, a recess

7046

is provided to accept a first end

7048

of connecting rod

7050

. Rear section

7042

of recock piston

704

terminates forwardly in a rear section shoulder

7052

that provides a piston sear engagement shoulder

7054

. The recock piston

704

is translatable between a forward ready-to-fire position and a rearward bolt-open, impacter cocking, recock piston sear

724

engaged position (not shown in FIG.

9

). In the piston-sear engaged position, impacter

702

is held just rearward of the impacter cocked position.

Impacter

702

is slidably translatable within recock chamber

717

and is forwardly biased therein by an impacter power spring

7056

captive between impacter

702

and a forwardly facing shoulder

7058

of a spring guide

7060

. Spring guide

7060

rests against a rear plug

7062

captive at the rear

7063

of cavity

732

. Impacter

702

is slidable from a cocked position to a forward valve opening position. Forward of rear plug

7062

is a resilient impacter buffer

7064

serving to absorb any excess force as impacter

702

moves rearward. The impacter

702

has a main body section

7066

that is larger in transverse cross section than the transverse cross section of the momentum transfer portal

7040

. As shown in the embodiment provided in

FIG. 9

, an elongated nose portion

7070

is provided on impacter

702

. The nose portion

7070

fits slidably within longitudinal passageway

7036

. Impacter elongated nose portion

7070

terminates forwardly in an impact imparting face

7072

.

On impacter main body section

7066

is a forwardly-directed impacter sear shoulder

7074

, engageable on sear edge

7076

of trigger-controlled impacter sear

722

that serves to restrain impacter

702

rearward in the cocked position (not shown in

FIG. 9

) when gun

700

is ready to fire.

Slidably translatable within a bolt chamber

7080

in gun cavity

732

is a bolt

7082

. Bolt

7082

is slidable within bolt chamber

7080

between a forward bolt closed, ready-to-fire position and an open bolt position which allows the introduction of a projectile. Bolt

7082

is forwardly biased by a bolt spring

7084

. Penetrating bolt

7082

longitudinally is a bolt bore

7030

. Bolt bore

7030

slidably surrounds and is substantially sealed by bolt guide portion

744

.

Slidable within gun frame

730

is a longitudinally extending connecting rod

7050

comprising an elongated generally U-shaped link-like member having an extended body portion

7090

and a relatively short first end member

7048

and short second end member

7092

. Connecting rod first end member

7048

fits within connecting rod recess

7046

in recock piston

704

. Second end member

7092

fits within a bolt connecting rod recess

7094

in bolt

7082

, thereby to constraining bolt

7082

to translate in concert with recock piston

704

. Hence, when recock piston

704

moves rearward to the recock piston sear engaged position, bolt

7082

also moves rearward, serving thereby to open a loading port for the introduction of a new projectile into gun breech

7089

in bolt chamber

7080

. (Loading port is on the right-hand side of gun

700

, and hence is not visible in

FIG. 9.

) When bolt

7082

moves forward in response to the urging of bolt spring

7084

, recock piston

704

also moves forward to the ready-to-fire position as shown in FIG.

9

. Also, the forward motion of bolt

7082

closes the loading port and moves the new projectile in the breech

7089

forward into a gun firing chamber

7096

. In this embodiment firing chamber

7096

is further sealed by an exterior o-ring

7098

on bolt

7082

.

Fixed on connecting rod

7050

and extending outward through gun frame

730

is a cocking handle

7100

graspable by a gun user for the purpose of moving recock piston

704

, bolt

7082

, and impacter

702

rearward when cocking the gun

700

manually.

In general, with the exception of the routing of the propulsion gas through the propulsion gas porting as just described above in connection with gun

700

, the operation of gun

700

is analogous to the operation of gun

600

in

FIGS. 6

,

7

and

8

, and should be considered in light thereof.

Referring to FIGS.

10

and It, one embodiment of a semiautomatic pneumatic gun

800

adapted for firing of projectiles by use of compressed gas as a propellant and configured for firing metallic pellets is shown. Incorporated into gun

800

is a hammer assembly

801

comprising an impacter

802

and a recock piston

803

. Gun

800

also comprises an electronic trigger assembly

804

including an impacter sear

805

.

Gun

800

has a frame

806

containing a longitudinally extending lower cavity

807

and upper cavity

808

, separated by an intercavity web

809

. Web

809

is penetrated by an intercavity gas passageway

809

P

. Extending forward from rear end

806

R

of gun frame

806

is an intercavity web slot

806

S

. Extending downward though frame

806

from lower cavity

807

is a sear slot

808

S

. Within upper cavity

808

in this embodiment is an internal cavity intrusion

808

N

having an internal cavity intrusion bore

808

B

and providing a rearwardly directed cavity intrusion shoulder

808

R

.

Extending forward from upper cavity

808

is a barrel

810

having an internal barrel bore

810

B

coaxial with cavity intrusion bore

808

B

and sized to accommodate metallic pellets of the caliber for which the gun is adapted. A barrel gas passageway

810

P

penetrates barrel

810

in this embodiment to provide fluid communication from intercavity gas passageway

809

P

to a barrel bore

810

B

defined by internal bore wall

810

W

. A firing chamber

8084

is provided in this embodiment within barrel bore

810

B

. The firing chamber

8084

is forward of barrel gas passageway

810

P

, and contains in

FIG. 10

a pellet PL

1

in position to be propelled from gun

800

.

Referring further to

FIG. 10

, located within lower cavity

807

is a normally-closed impact-openable valve

811

. Valve

811

has a valve body

812

and a valve stem

813

. Valve stem

813

includes a seal body

813

B

having a rearwardly-directed resilient valve seal

813

S

and a rearwardly extending valve pin portion

815

ending rearwardly in an impact receiving face

815

F

. Extending forward on valve seal body

813

B

, is an optional valve spring boss

813

E

. In this embodiment, valve pin

815

is of smaller diameter than valve seal

813

S

. Valve body

812

is fixed (by means such as set screw

816

) within lower cavity

807

. Valve body

812

has a front face

817

and a rearwardly directed face

818

. Valve body

812

is partially penetrated from the front face

817

by an intermediate bore

820

. Valve body

812

is completely penetrated longitudinally by a rear bore

822

, which in this embodiment is coaxial with intermediate bore

820

. Valve pin

815

fits slidingly within and, in this embodiment, substantially seals rear bore

822

in valve body

812

.

In this embodiment, valve body

812

is penetrated from rearwardly directed face

818

by a second rear bore passageway

824

(i.e., the recock gas passageway defined by interior sidewalls

824

W

) in communication with intermediate bore

820

. An upper passageway

826

extends upward from intermediate bore

820

to communicate with intercavity gas passageway

809

P

. Thus, upper passageway

826

and intercavity gas passageway

809

P

provide fluid communication between intermediate bore

820

and upper cavity

808

, for the supply of propulsion gas to accelerate the pellet being fired.

On the front face

817

of valve body

812

is a valve seat

828

, annular in shape in this embodiment. The seat

828

is sealingly engageable by valve seal

813

S

of valve stem

813

; these elements cooperate to control the release of compressed gas from a gas reservoir

830

in lower cavity

807

formed between valve body

812

and a reservoir plug

832

. Between valve seal body

813

B

and reservoir plug

832

is a valve spring

834

which serves to urge valve seal

813

S

against valve seat

828

.

For sealing purposes, an exterior o-ring

833

is provided to seal valve body

812

against lower cavity

807

walls

807

W

. The gas reservoir

830

is configured to receive compressed gas from an external source. Recock gas porting providing fluid communication from valve

811

to recock chamber

848

includes intermediate gas bore

820

and second rear bore

824

. Propulsion gas porting includes intermediate bore

820

, upper passageway

826

, intercavity gas passageway

809

P

, and barrel gas passageway

810

P

.

A recock chamber

848

portion of lower cavity

807

extends rearwardly from rearwardly directed face

818

of valve body

812

. A sealable portion

849

of recock chamber

848

extends rearward from rearwardly directed face

818

of valve body

812

to a seal break

849

B

at sear slot

808

S

in frame

806

. At the slot

808

S

, the compressed gas that was originally provided to recock chamber

848

(through second rear bore passageway

824

defined by walls

824

W

) is able to escape through the frame

806

, thus relieving pressure in the sealable portion

849

of the recock chamber

848

. Valve

811

, recock gas porting and propulsion gas porting described herein can alternately be provided in various structural equivalents and equivalent structural configurations as known or as may feasibly be developed by those of ordinary skill in the art and to whom this specification is addressed. Hence, the specific valve, valve body, recock gas porting, and propulsion gas porting structures shown in this or other embodiments illustrated are for purposes of illustration, and should not be interpreted as limiting the present invention to any specific embodiment, whether herein illustrated or otherwise,

Recock piston

803

is slidably translatable within recock chamber

848

between a forward ready-to-fire position (shown in

FIG. 10

) and a rearward impacter cocking position (not shown for this embodiment), and is forwardly biased therein by bolt

862

. Referring further to

FIG. 10

, recock piston

803

has a forwardly directed piston front face

850

slidable within sealable portion

849

of the recock chamber

848

for receiving the urging of the compressed gas provided to recock chamber

848

. Recock piston

803

is sufficiently responsive to force exerted by gas released by valve

811

and provided to sealable portion

849

of recock chamber

848

to recock gun

800

,and in this embodiment recock piston

803

has a resilient o-ring seal

851

external and slightly rearward of piston front face

850

.

Recock piston

803

is, in the present embodiment, fully penetrated by an axially centered longitudinal passageway

852

comprising a front portion

852

F

and a rear impacter receiving portion

852

R

. Impactor receiving portion

852

R

comprises, rearward of piston front face

850

, an interior sidewall

852

W

defining a cavity

852

C

sized and shaped to receive, in interfitting sliding engagement, middle portion

867

M

of impacter

802

. Front portion

852

F

has a cross-section complementary in size and shape, and only slightly larger than, valve pin

815

. The location of the transition between the forwardly directed piston face

850

and longitudinal passageway

852

defines a momentum transfer portal

854

. The recock piston body

855

terminates rearwardly with at least a rear face

856

portion which in this embodiment provides a piston contact face engageable with impacter

802

. In the upper reaches of recock piston

803

is a connecting rod recess

858

for receiving connecting rod

860

to connect the recock piston

803

to bolt

862

.

Impacter

802

is slidably translatable within recock chamber

848

. Impacter

802

is forwardly ,biased by an impacter power spring

864

captive between impacter

802

and a frame rear plug

892

captive at the rear

806

R

of gun frame

806

. Impacter

802

translates between a rearward cocked position illustrated in

FIG. 10

, and a forward valve-opening position. In this embodiment, impacter

802

has a main body portion

867

which is situated rearward of transfer portal

854

and which is larger in cross section than transfer portal

854

. Impacter

802

has a middle portion

867

M

. In this embodiment impacter main body portion

867

is partially slidable within recock piston longitudinal passageway rear portion

852

P

. Main body portion

867

also comprises an enlarged rear portion

869

having a forwardly directed shoulder

869

S

which in this embodiment provides an impacter contact face.

Clearly, the recock piston

803

captures the impacter

802

, as the impacter

802

is dimensioned so that it travels rearward with recock piston

803

when the recock piston

803

is energized to move rearward during recocking. Thus impacter

802

is responsive to rearward movement of recock piston

803

. Also, as shown in this embodiment, impacter

802

has an elongated nose portion

840

terminating forwardly in an impact imparting face

842

that is smaller in cross-section than transfer portal

854

.

Extending rearwardly through frame rear plug

892

is an impacter rod

882

having a front end

884

attached to impacter

802

, and a rear end

886

attached to a user graspable impacter knob

890

that permits the gun user to move impacter

802

to the cocked position. Also between impacter

802

and rear plug

892

is an optional resilient impacter buffer

894

.

The imparter

802

further comprises in this embodiment a registration pin

896

extending upward from the main body rear portion

869

. Registration pin

896

is sized and shaped to slide within intercavity web slot

806

S

, thereby preventing impacter

802

from rolling about its longitudinal axis.

Impacter

802

is retained in the cocked position by sear edge

836

of sear

805

engaging a forwardly directed sear shoulder

838

on impacter

802

. When impacter

802

is released from the cocked position, it travels forward in response to the urging of impacter power spring

864

until impact is made, directly or indirectly, with valve stem

813

. As

FIG. 10

illustrates, impact imparting face

842

of impacter nose portion

840

is located, sized and shaped to impact on the impact receiving face

815

F

of valve pin portion

815

. The forward momentum of impacter

802

is thereby transferred through recock piston transfer portal

854

, causing valve seal

813

S

to move forward, out of sealing engagement with valve seat

828

, thus opening valve

811

and releasing compressed gas. One portion of the compressed gas released flows through recock gas porting into sealable portion

849

of recock chamber

848

. The remaining portion of the compressed gas released travels through propulsion gas porting to the pellet PL

1

.

Slidably translatable within a bolt chamber portion

866

of upper cavity

808

is a bolt

862

, forwardly biased by a bolt spring

868

captive between bolt

862

and frame rear plug

865

. Extending rearwardly through frame rear plug

865

is a bolt rod

870

having a front end

873

attached to bolt

862

, and a rear end

874

attached to a user graspable bolt knob

875

that permits the gun user to move bolt

862

. A connecting rod

860

fits within connecting rod recess

871

in bolt

862

, and though a corresponding recess

870

R in bolt rod

870

, thereby constraining bolt

862

, and bolt rod

870

, to translate in concert with recock piston

803

.

Bolt

862

has a rear section

862

R

. Extending forward from and of smaller diameter than rear section

862

R

is an intermediate section

862

, that fits slidably within cavity intrusion bore

808

B

and barrel bore

810

B

. The transition from bolt rear section

862

R

to intermediate section

862

I

provides a forwardly directed bolt shoulder

862

F

. Near the forward end of bolt intermediate section

862

I

is an external resilient bolt o-ring

862

O

.

Extending forward from and of smaller cross sectional size than intermediate section

862

I

is a bolt transition section

862

T

that terminates in a forwardly directed bolt front face

862

C

(visible in FIG.

11

). Transition section

862

T

and bolt face

862

C

are of size and shape to fit partially within the skirt of the metallic pellets for which the gun is adapted to fire. In addition, bolt transition section

862

T

is preferably of a cross section profile that (a) provides adequate mechanical support for bolt front face

862

C

, (b) allows fluid communication for compressed gas flowing from barrel gas passageway

810

P

to the rear of pellet PL

1

in firing chamber

8084

, and (c) does not damage a pellet as bolt

862

Is withdrawn to the rear and then is returned forward during recocking. An optional bolt-motion buffer

863

conveniently provided in the form of a resilient o-ring of larger diameter than cavity intrusion bore

808

B

surrounds bolt intermediate section

862

I

and serves to stop forward motion of bolt

862

within upper cavity

808

.

Referring to

FIG. 11

, bolt

862

is moveable rearwardly to an “open” position where a loading port

872

is opened for the introduction of a new pellet PL

2

into a gun breech

8082

within bolt chamber

866

. Bolt

862

is moveable forwardly to close loading port

872

and return the bolt

862

to a “closed” or “ready-to-fire” position, where the new pellet has been moved forward into a firing chamber

8084

forward of bolt

862

when bolt

862

is in the ready to fire position as shown in FIG.

10

. In the bolt closed position, the gun

800

is substantially sealed by bolt

862

against the loss of the compressed gas outward through the loading port

872

during firing of the pellet.

Referring to

FIG. 11

, in one embodiment, penetrating gun

800

from the right is a pellet loading recess

897

having a cross section and sized to slideably accommodate pellets PL of the type for which gun

800

is adapted, oriented axially parallel with the axis of barrel

810

. Loading recess

897

is in registration with interior sidewall

810

W

forming barrel bore

810

B

. The intersection of the interior recess sidewall

897

W

of loading recess

897

with barrel interior sidewall

810

W

defines a loading port

872

for gun

800

. Within barrel bore

8108

defined by barrel interior sidewall

810

W

, and adjacent to loading port

872

, is a breech

8082

for receiving pellets introduced into gun

800

.

Referring now to

FIG. 11

, fixed on the right-hand side

899

of gun frame

806

by a magazine screw

8001

is a pellet magazine

8000

sized to hold a row of forwardly disposed pellets PL. Magazine

8000

has a front side

8004

, and a rear side

8006

. Rear side

8006

is. slotted lengthwise to accommodate translation of a loading knob

8008

inserted into a push block

8010

slideable within magazine

8000

. Vertically penetrating and open to the front

8011

of block

8010

is a spring recess

8014

. Captured within and free to rotate within recess

8014

is a coiled constant force spring

8018

. On the outer end

8020

of spring

8018

is a hook

8022

captured within a slot

8024

in magazine front side

8004

near gun frame

806

. Spring

8018

serves thereby to constantly urge push block

8010

to move left toward gun frame

806

.

To use magazine

8000

, the user grasps loading knob

8008

, slides block

8010

to the right, inserts pellets PL, and releases knob

8008

, freeing block

8010

to push pellets PL toward loading port

872

under the urging of spring

8018

.

Referring now to

FIGS. 12 through 23

, one embodiment of a semiautomatic pneumatic gun

900

adapted for firing of projectiles by use of compressed gas as a propellant and configured with a novel firing mechanism for firing paintballs is illustrated.

FIG. 15

is an exploded perspective view of various components of the internal firing mechanism. Referring particularly to

FIGS. 13

, and

17

, incorporated into gun

900

is a hammer assembly

902

, which hammer assembly

902

includes separable components, namely an impacter

904

and a recock piston

906

. Referring mainly to

FIG. 17

, an electronic trigger assembly

908

including an impacter sear

910

are provided. Gun

900

has a frame

912

having a forward end

914

and a rear end

916

. Frame

912

has a longitudinally extending lower cavity

918

defined by interior sidewall

918

W

and longitudinally extending upper cavity

920

defined by interior sidewall

920

W

. Lower cavity

918

and upper cavity

920

are joined yet separated by an intercavity web

922

. Intercavity web

922

is penetrated by an intercavity gas passageway

956

that provides fluid communication between lower cavity

918

and upper cavity

920

. An intercavity web slot

920

S

provided rearwardly of rear end

920

R

of intercavity web

922

extends to the rear end

916

of frame

912

. Extending downward from lower cavity

918

is a sear slot

924

which is sized and shaped to accommodate selected sear(s). Extending forward from upper cavity

920

is a barrel

926

. In

FIG. 18

, a paintball PB

1

is shown moving forward within barrel

926

as a result of gun

900

just having been fired.

Referring further to

FIGS. 15 and 17

, located within lower cavity

918

is a normally-closed impact-openable valve

930

. Valve

930

has a valve body

932

and a valve stem

934

. Valve stem

934

includes a seal body

936

having a rearwardly-directed resilient valve seal

938

and a rearwardly extending valve pin

940

ending rearwardly in an impact receiving face

942

. Extending forward on valve seal body

936

is an optional valve spring boss

944

. In this embodiment, valve pin

940

is of smaller diameter than valve seal

938

. Valve body

932

is fixed (by a suitable structure or method such as set screw

943

) within lower cavity

918

. Valve body

932

has a front face

945

and a rearwardly directed face

946

. Valve body

932

is partially penetrated from the front face

945

by an intermediate bore

948

. As seen in

FIGS. 15 and 19

, valve body

932

is completely penetrated longitudinally by a first rear bore

950

, which in this embodiment is coaxial with intermediate bore

948

. Valve pin

940

fits slidingly within and, in this embodiment, substantially seals rear bore

950

in valve body

932

.

Referring to

FIG. 18

in this embodiment, valve body

932

is penetrated from rearwardly directed face

946

by a second rear bore passageway

952

. The second rear bore

952

provides a recock gas passageway defined by interior sidewalls

952

W

and is in fluid communication with intermediate bore

948

. An upper gas passageway

954

extends upward from intermediate gas bore

948

to communicate with intercavity gas passageway

956

. Thus, upper passageway

954

and intercavity gas passageway

956

provide fluid communication between intermediate bore

948

and upper cavity

920

, for the supply of propulsion gas to accelerate the projectile PB

1

being fired.

On the front face

945

of valve body

932

is a valve seat

960

, annular in shape in this embodiment. The valve seat

960

is sealingly engageable by valve seal

938

of valve stem

934

; these elements cooperate to control the release of compressed gas from a gas reservoir

962

in lower cavity

918

formed between valve body

932

and a reservoir plug

964

. Between valve spring boss

944

and reservoir plug

964

is a valve spring

968

slidably surrounding a valve spring guide

966

extending rearwardly from reservoir plug

964

. Valve spring

968

serves to urge valve seal

938

against valve seat

960

.

For sealing purposes, an exterior o-ring

970

is provided to seal valve body

932

against lower cavity

918

walls

918

W

. The gas reservoir

962

is configured to receive compressed gas from an external source (not shown) in a conventional manner via suitable structural means such as threaded connection

972

.

Referring further to

FIG. 18

, in this embodiment, recock gas porting providing fluid communication from valve

930

to recock chamber

976

includes intermediate gas bore

948

and second rear bore

952

. In this embodiment, propulsion gas porting includes intermediate bore

948

, upper gas passageway

954

, intercavity gas passageway

956

, and bolt gas passageway

974

(described below). A recock chamber

976

portion of lower cavity

918

extends rearwardly from rearwardly directed face

946

of valve body

932

. Referring also to

FIG. 19

, sealable portion

978

of recock chamber

976

extends rearward from rearwardly directed face

946

of valve body

932

to a seal break

980

at sear slot

924

in frame

912

. At the slot

924

, the compressed gas that was originally provided to the sealable portion

978

of the recock chamber

976

is able to escape through the frame

912

, thus relieving pressure in the sealable portion

978

of the recock chamber

976

.

Valve

930

and the recock gas porting and propulsion gas porting described herein can alternately be provided in various structural equivalents or equivalent structures, without departing from the novel gun structure disclosed and claimed herein. Hence, the specific valve, valve body, recock gas porting, and propulsion gas porting structures shown in this or other embodiments illustrated are for purposes of illustration, and should not be interpreted as limiting the present invention to any specific embodiment, whether herein illustrated or otherwise.

Recock piston

906

is slidably translatable within recock chamber

976

between a forward ready-to-fire position (shown in

FIG. 17

) and a rearward impacter cocking position (shown in FIG.

19

), and is forwardly biased therein by bolt

9012

. Referring further to

FIGS. 15 and 19

, recock piston

906

has a forwardly directed piston front face

982

slidable within sealable portion

978

of the recock chamber

976

for receiving the urging of the compressed gas provided to recock chamber

976

, and recock piston

906

is sufficiently responsive to force exerted by gas released by valve

930

and provided to sealable portion

978

of recock chamber

976

to recock gun

900

. In this embodiment recock piston

906

has a resilient o-ring seal

983

external and slightly rearward of piston front face

982

.

Recock piston

906

is, in the present embodiment, fully penetrated by an axially centered longitudinal passageway

984

comprising a front portion

986

and a rear impacter receiving portion

988

. Impacter receiving portion

988

comprises, rearward of piston front face

982

, an interior sidewall

988

W

defining a cavity

988

C

sized and shaped to receive, in interfitting sliding engagement, middle portion

9021

of impacter

904

. Front portion

986

has a cross-section complementary in size and shape, and only slightly larger than, valve pin

940

. The location of the transition between the forwardly directed piston face

982

and longitudinal passageway

984

defines a momentum transfer portal

990

. Valve pin

940

fits in sliding mating engagement within and effectively seals momentum transfer portal

990

during at least a portion of the rearward travel of recock piston

906

during recocking of gun

900

. The recock piston body

992

terminates rearwardly with at least a rear face

994

portion which in this embodiment provides a piston contact face engageable with impacter

904

. In the upper reaches of recock piston

906

is a connecting rod recess

998

for receiving connecting rod

9010

to connect the recock piston

906

to bolt

9012

. Recock piston

906

also has, extending downward from longitudinal passageway

984

, a recock piston registration slot

9014

as seen in

FIGS. 15 and 17

.

Impacter

904

is slidably translatable within recock chamber

976

. Impacter

904

is forwardly biased by an impacter power spring

9019

captive between impacter

904

and a frame rear plug

9016

captive at the rear end

916

of gun frame

912

. Impacter

904

translates between a rearward cocked position illustrated in

FIG. 17

, and a forward valve-opening position illustrated in FIG.

18

. Referring further to

FIGS. 15 and 19

, in this embodiment, impacter

904

has a main body portion

9020

which is situated rearward of momentum transfer portal

990

, and which is larger in transverse cross section than the momentum transfer portal

990

. Impacter

904

has a middle portion

9021

. Main body portion

9020

also has an enlarged rear portion

9022

having a forwardly directed shoulder

9024

which in this embodiment provides an impacter contact face. Between enlarged rear portion

9022

and frame rear plug

9016

is a resilient impact absorbing buffer

9026

.

It can thus be appreciated that the recock piston

906

captures the impacter

904

, as the impacter

904

is dimensioned so that it must travel rearward with recock piston

906

when the recock piston

906

is energized to move rearward during recocking. Thus impacter

904

is responsive to rearward movement of recock piston

906

. Also, as shown in this embodiment, impacter

904

has an elongated nose portion

9030

terminating forwardly in an impact imparting face

9032

that is smaller in transverse cross-section than transfer portal

990

.

Extending rearwardly through frame rear plug

9016

is an impacter rod

9034

having a front end

9036

attached to impacter

904

, and a rear end

9038

attached to a user graspable impacter knob

9040

that permits a gun user to move impacter

904

to the cocked position.

As shown in this embodiment, as is best seen in

FIG. 15

, impacter

904

further includes a removable registration boss

9042

extending downward from the main body

9020

and fixed to impacter

904

by a boss screw

9044

. Registration boss

9042

and recock piston registration slot

9014

are sized and shaped for complementary sliding engagement during longitudinal displacement between impacter

904

and recock piston

906

, thereby preventing impacter

904

from rolling about its longitudinal axis.

As seen in

FIG. 17

, impacter

904

is retained in the cocked position by sear edge

9050

of sear

910

engaging a forwardly directed sear shoulder

9052

on impacter

904

boss

9042

. When impacter

904

is released from the cocked position, it travels forward independently of recock piston

906

in response to the urging of impacter power spring

9019

until impact is made, directly or indirectly, with valve stem

934

. As

FIG. 18

illustrates, impact imparting face

9032

of impacter nose portion

9030

is located, sized and shaped to impact on the impact receiving face

942

of valve pin

940

. The forward momentum of impacter

904

is thereby transferred through recock piston transfer portal

990

, causing valve seal

938

to move forward from a closed, sealed position to an open, gas release position, out of sealing engagement with valve seat

960

, thus opening valve

930

and releasing compressed gas. One portion of the compressed gas released flows through recock gas porting into sealable portion

978

of recock chamber

976

as is illustrated by the reference arrow R in FIG.

18

. The remaining portion of the compressed gas released travels through propulsion gas porting to the projectile PB

1

as illustrated by the arrows labeled P in FIG.

11

.

Referring to

FIGS. 15 and 18

, slidably translatable within a bolt chamber portion

9060

of upper cavity

920

is a bolt

9012

, forwardly. biased by a bolt spring

9061

captive between bolt

9012

and frame rear plug

9016

. Extending rearwardly through frame rear plug

9016

is a bolt rod

9062

having a front end

9064

attached to bolt

9012

, and a rear end

9066

attached to a user graspable bolt knob

9068

that permits the gun user to move bolt

9012

.

A connecting rod

9010

fits within connecting rod recess

9070

in bolt

9012

, and though a corresponding recess

9072

in bolt rod

9062

, thereby constraining bolt

9012

, and bolt rod

9062

to translate in concert with recock piston

906

. Solt

9012

is moveable rearwardly to an “open” position where a loading port

9080

is opened (see

FIGS. 14 and 21

and

22

) for the introduction of a new projectile PB

2

(see

FIG. 22

) into a gun breech

9082

within bolt chamber

9060

. Bolt

9012

is moveable forwardly to close loading port

9080

and return the bolt

9012

to a “closed” or “ready-to-fire” position (see FIG.

20

), where the new projectile has been moved forward into a firing chamber

9084

forward of bolt

9012

when bolt

9012

is in the ready to fire position. in the closed bolt position, the gun

900

is substantially sealed by bolt

9012

against the loss of the compressed gas outward through the loading port

9080

during firing of the projectile. Note that gas for propelling the projectile may be provided through bolt

9012

via a bolt gas passageway

974

which fluidly connects intercavity gas passageway

956

with firing chamber

9084

when bolt

9012

is forward in the ready-to-fire position, as can also be seen in FIG.

18

.

Referring to

FIG. 17

, in this embodiment, the trigger assembly

908

includes a firing switch

9100

, a user-actuable trigger

9102

, an electronic timing control circuit

9105

, all powered by a battery

9106

, as well as a sear

910

with a sear edge

9050

, acting on sear shoulder

9052

, and linked by sear link

9104

to a sear solenoid

9107

. Firing switch

9100

is positioned to be actuated by trigger,

9102

. Sear

910

penetrates through sear slot

924

and is constantly spring biased upward. Solenoid

9107

, when energized by control circuit

9105

moves sear

910

downward, out of a position of engagement with impacter sear shoulder

9052

. Control circuit

9105

is configured to release sear

910

to return upward before impacter

904

has been returned to the cocked position, regardless of how long the user holds the trigger

9102

rearward. It is well under stood in the art that mechanical triggers of common design can provide equivalent functionality, thus the described electronic trigger assembly should not be used to limit the scope of the invention.

Operational details will be further reviewed in view of various figures. First,

FIG. 17

shows a side cross sectional view of the gun

900

, showing the gun cocked and ready to fire, with the valve

930

in the normally dosed position preventing gas from flowing from reservoir

962

and recock piston

906

and bolt

9012

forward in their respective ready to fire positions. A paintball PB

1

is in the firing chamber

9084

, and impacter

904

is restrained in the cocked position by the impacter sear

910

. Valve pin

940

extends through recock piston transfer portal

990

.

FIG. 18

illustrates gun

900

shortly after firing. As impacter

904

has moved forward, impacter impact-imparting face

9032

has impinged on valve pin impact-receiving face

942

, transferring the force provided by forwardly moving impacter

904

through recock piston transfer portal

990

, thereby briefly opening valve

930

to an open position permitting the flow of compressed gas from a gas reservoir

962

. A portion of the gas released is provided for propelling paintball RB

1

from gun

900

and flows through propulsion gas porting, with the result that paintball PB

1

has started moving forward within barrel

926

.

Another portion of the compressed gas released is provided for recocking and flows through recock gas porting into sealable portion

978

of the recock chamber

976

. Recock piston

906

is about to begin moving rearward in response to the force exerted by this gas on piston front face

982

. Valve pin

940

fits in sliding mating engagement within and effectively seals momentum transfer portal

990

during at least a portion of the rearward travel of recock piston

906

. Rearward motion of piston

906

will continue until piston contact face

994

impinges on the impacter contact face,with the result that continued rearward movement of recock piston

906

will result in rearward motion of impacter

904

. Impacter nose portion

9030

now effectively seals front longitudinal passageway

986

against the escape of compressed gas.

Recock piston

906

continues rearward to the impacter cocking position as illustrated in

FIG. 19

, where impacter

904

will once again be restrained in the cocked position by impacter sear

910

engaging sear shoulder

9052

. Bolt

9012

has moved with piston

906

, so that as can be seen in

FIGS. 21 and 22

, loading port

9080

has opened for the entrance of the next paintball PB

2

in sequence to load to enter gun breech

9082

. As can be seen in

FIG. 19

, recock piston o-ring seal

983

is now rearward of seal break

980

at sear slot

924

, allowing gas trapped in recock chamber

976

to escape. As the rearward momentum of piston

906

and bolt

9012

dissipates, they will be returned forward to their respective ready-to-fire positions in response to the forward urging of bolt spring

9061

acting on bolt

9012

. As recock piston

906

moves forward, impacter nose

9030

no longer seals front longitudinal passageway

986

, allowing residual gas trapped within sealable portion

978

of recock chamber

976

to escape.

As can be seen from the above description, the present invention provides a hammer assembly

902

that beneficially replaces prior art hammer H shown in FIG.

1

. Included in hammer assembly

902

is an impacter

904

that moves unencumbered in performing the valve-impacting function as the gun

900

is fired. A recock piston

906

separately implements the recock function. Further, since the bolt

9012

is forward in the port-closed position when the gun

900

is ready to fire, the gun

900

fires with a closed bolt and with a projectile already in the gun firing chamber

9084

. Although one exemplary specific structure is shown for these key elements of hammer assembly

902

, it should be understood that a variety of structural equivalents, or equivalent structures, are capable of separably providing the impacting and recocking functions and are feasible in accord with the teachings herein.

Finally, gun

900

is shown with a paintball loader

1000

having a push arm assembly

1006

. As shown in

FIG. 12

, the push arm assembly

1006

is partially obscured by a loader cover

1002

shown in the closed position required for gun

900

to operate. In

FIG. 13

loader cover

1002

is shown tilted open as might occur as gun

900

is being cleaned, allowing push arm assembly

1006

to be seen more clearly.

In one embodiment of gun

900

, paintball loader

1000

illustrated particularly in

FIGS. 13

,

14

,

16

, and

20

through

23

is provided to rapidly load paintballs into gun

900

for firing. Loader

1000

includes a loader push arm assembly

1006

, and a loader cover

1002

attached pivotally in this embodiment to gun frame

912

by a hinge pin

1008

.

Referring to

FIGS. 14 and 21

, on the side of gun frame

912

is a loading port

9080

defined by edgewalls

1012

. Loading port

9080

provides an opening for paintballs to pass into a gun breech

9082

within bolt chamber

9060

. in communication with loading port

9080

is a loading chamber

1014

adapted to accommodate the next paintball in succession to load, namely PB

2

. Referring to

FIG. 14

, and bottom view

FIG. 20

, which shows chamber

1014

containing paintball PB

2

, loading chamber

1014

may be seen to be defined by a gun frame sidewall portion

1018

and a loader cover sidewall portion

1020

. Although a particular demarcation between portions

1018

and

1020

is provided in gun

900

, it should be understood that a range of other demarcations can be used to provide loading chamber

1014

.

Referring to

FIGS. 12 and 16

, extending upward from loader cover

1002

is an attached paintball feed tube

1022

, adapted at an upper end

1023

to accept a common commercially-available bulk paintball magazine (not shown). Feed tube

1022

is in communication with loading chamber

1014

(not shown in these views) and serves to provide additional paintballs thereto. In rear view

FIG. 23

can be seen additional paintballs PB

3

, passing from tube

1022

to chamber

1014

, and PB

4

and PB

5

, within tube

1022

and next in succession to enter chamber

1014

.

Referring to

FIGS. 12

,

14

and

20

, extending rearwardly from loading chamber

1014

on the exterior of gun frame

912

is a slot

1024

accommodating paintball push arm assembly

1006

. Near loading chamber

1014

on upper internal wall

1026

of slot

1024

is a boss

1030

providing at a predetermined location an outwardly-directed contact face

1032

.

Referring to

FIGS. 16 and 20

, loader push arm assembly

1006

includes a cam pivot member

1036

free to rotate on a pivot pin

1040

fixed across slot

1024

. Rearward on pivot member

1036

is a cam follower

1044

in this embodiment directed radially inward toward the axis of bolt chamber

9060

. Captive between forward end

1048

of pivot member

1036

and an internal wall

1052

of slot

1024

is a push arm spring

1056

serving to urge forward end

1048

of pivot member

1036

away from wall

1052

(here, counterclockwise rotation of pivot member

1036

as viewed from below in

FIGS. 20

to

22

).

Referring to

FIG. 21

, cut tangentially into the side

1060

of bolt

9012

is a cam

1064

configured to impinge on and displace cam follower

1044

. Although a planar cam surface

1064

is illustrated in the present embodiment, it should be understood that any shape suitable to impinge on and displace cam follower

1044

can be used.

Referring to

FIGS. 16 and 22

, extending generally forward from forward end

1048

of pivot member

1036

are a push arm lever

1068

, and a stop arm

1072

, provided in this embodiment in the form of elastic flex members attached to pivot member

1036

.by screws

1074

and

1076

. A variety of materials such as fiberglass-reinforced plastic, carbon-fiber epoxy, or even metallic springs can be utilized for arms

1068

and

1072

, and the two arms need not be of the same material nor of the same stiffness.

Inwardly directed on push arm

1068

is a ball push surface lulls engageable on paintball PB

2

within loading chamber

1014

as arm

1068

moves through its range of motion as shown in

FIGS. 20

,

21

and

22

.

Referring to

FIGS. 16 and 22

, extending a predetermined distance farther in the upward direction than push surface

1078

is an extended portion

1080

of stop arm

1072

. On upper surface

1082

of stop arm extended portion

1080

is an upwardly directed ball stop surface

1084

. Also on extended portion

1080

is an inwardly directed boss engagement surface

1088

engageable on boss contact face

1032

. Boss contact face

1032

serves as shown in

FIGS. 22 and 23

to limit inward motion of ball stop surface

1084

to a location predetermined to prevent the downward movement of the next paintball PB

3

in order to enter loading chamber

1014

from interfering with the return motion of push arm

1068

, as will be described more fully below.

When bolt

9012

is in its forward, port-dosed position, bolt cam

1064

is forward of cam follower

1044

as illustrated in

FIG. 20

, and push arm assembly

1006

is free to rotate counterclockwise (as viewed from below) to an at-rest position in response to spring

1056

urging. In this position, push surface

1078

does not intrude into loading chamber

1014

, and the next paintball PB

3

in succession is free to enter loading chamber

1014

. As bolt

9012

moves rearward during recocking as shown in

FIG. 21

, bolt cam

1064

moves rearward past cam follower

1044

, causing pivot member

1036

to rotate clockwise. This rotation moves push surface

1078

on push arm

1068

to engage paintball PB

2

, and to urge it toward gun breech

9082

. Initially, this movement of paintball PB

2

is stopped by bolt

9012

still blocking loading port

9080

, while pivot member

1036

continues to rotate in response to bolt cam

1064

continuing to move past cam follower

1044

, resulting in push arm

1068

flexing in the manner illustrated in FIG.

21

. Such flexion stores energy in push arm

1068

and also serves to limit the force exerted against paintball PB

2

. The stored energy helps ensure that paintball PB

2

begins to move through the loading port

9080

as soon as bolt

9012

moves sufficiently rearward.

As illustrated in

FIG. 21

, stop arm

1072

flexes along with push arm

1068

. As paintball PB

2

then moves into breech

9082

as shown in

FIG. 22

, stop arm

1072

moves with push arm

1068

until movement of the stop arm

1072

is stopped by boss engagement surface

1088

impinging on boss contact face

1032

. Referring to

FIGS. 22 and 23

, which show gun

900

in the same operating state, the location of contact face

1032

, and the extension of extended portion

1080

above ball push surface

1078

, are predetermined to ensure that ball stop surface

1084

stops in a location that serves to prevent paintball PB

3

from moving so far into loading chamber

1014

that it impedes the subsequent return of push arm

1068

from the paintball-loaded position shown in

FIG. 22

to the at-rest position shown in FIG.

20

.

Shown in

FIGS. 14

,

16

and

21

, is an optional resilient paintball shock buffer

1090

fixed within a pocket

1092

on the side of breech

9082

opposite loading port

9080

. Buffer

1090

serves to absorb the momentum of paintball PB

2

moving into breech

9082

, thereby reducing the risk of paintball breakage within gun

900

and allowing more fragile paintballs to be loaded without breaking.

FIG. 20

shows gun

900

ready to fire. Paintball BP

1

is in the firing chamber

9084

forward of bolt

9012

. Cam follower

1044

is not engaged on bolt cam

1064

, so push arm

1068

and stop arm

1072

are in their rest position outside of loading chamber

1014

. Paintball PB

2

is in loading chamber

1014

.

FIG. 21

shows the gun

900

shortly after firing, with bolt

9012

moving rearward as part of the recocking process so that it has partially opened loading port

9080

. (Looking at the figure, the loading port

9080

appears to be slightly more than half open.) The cam

1064

and cam follower

1044

have engaged, forcing the pivot member

1036

to rotate clockwise and the push arm

1068

and the stop arm

1072

to push PB

2

toward the gun breech

9082

. Bolt

9012

is still partially obstructing the loading port

9080

, so that PB

2

is not yet able to fully enter, but it has just started. In this embodiment the cam

1064

and cam follower

1044

are configured so that the pivot member

1036

begins to rotate before the loading port

9080

is fully open, flexing the push arm

1068

and stop arm

1072

against the paintball PB

2

.

FIG. 22

shows the recock process continued to the point where the bolt

9012

is fully retracted, the loading port

9080

is fully open, and PB

2

has been pushed fully into breech

9082

by push arm

1068

. The momentum of the entering paintball PB

2

has been absorbed by optional buffer

1090

. Stop arm

1072

motion has been arrested by boss engagement surface

1088

, leaving ball stop surface

1084

in a position predetermined to restrain the next paintball PB

3

in succession from moving downward to a position that might interfere with the subsequent return of push arm

1068

back to its rest position. This stopping action of stop surface

1084

is also shown in rear view FIG.

23

.

Referring again to

FIG. 20

, bolt

9012

has returned forward to the ready-to-fire position, chambering PB

2

into firing chamber

9084

(where RB

1

previously resided). Cam

1064

has moved forward out of engagement with cam follower

1044

, freeing push arm

1068

and stop arm

1072

to rotate counterclockwise to their rest position, allowing PB

3

to move downward into loading chamber

1014

is where PB

2

previously resided. Thus by virtue of loader

1000

action being coupled to the motion of bolt

9012

, a new paintball is moved through the loading port

9080

during the brief period that the loading port

9080

is open.

It is to be appreciated that the various aspects and embodiments of a pneumatic gun having independent impacter and recock pistons, and the method of operating a pneumatic gun utilizing such a design, are an important improvement in the state of the art. The gun components described herein are simple, robust, reliable, and susceptible to application in various configurations. Although only a few exemplary embodiments have been described in detail, various details are sufficiently set forth in the drawings and in the specification provided herein to enable one of ordinary skill in the art to make and use the invention(s), which need not be further described by additional writing in this detailed description.

Importantly, the aspects and embodiments described and claimed herein may be modified from those shown without materially departing from the novel teachings and advantages provided by this invention, and may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. Therefore, the embodiments presented herein are to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive. As such, this disclosure is intended to cover the structures described herein and not only structural equivalents thereof, but also equivalent structures. Numerous modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims, the invention(s) may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described herein. Thus, the scope of the invention(s), as set forth in the appended claims, and as indicated by the drawing and by the foregoing description, is intended to include variations from the to embodiments provided which are nevertheless described by the broad interpretation and range properly afforded to the plain meaning of the claims set forth below.

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