Method of and apparatus for generating, maintaining or re-establishing a vacuum in a vacuum vaporization apparatus for heating one or more liquids |
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| 申请号 | US36852573 | 申请日 | 1973-06-11 | 公开(公告)号 | US3815552A | 公开(公告)日 | 1974-06-11 |
| 申请人 | STOTZ & CO; | 发明人 | KOULA Z; | ||||
| 摘要 | A method of, and apparatus for, generating, maintaining or reestablishing a vacuum in an evacuated or vacuum vessel operating according to the vacuum vaporization principle for heating one or a number of liquids which are separated from one another. According to the invention a heating fluid medium is heated until an excess pressure prevails in the initially sealed vacuum vessel and the vacuum vessel is first then briefly brought into flow communication with the atmosphere until the excess pressure has at least partially diminished. | ||||||
| 权利要求 | 1. A method of generating, maintaining or re-establishing a vacuum in a vacuum vessel of an apparatus working according to the vacuum vaporization principle for heating one or a number of liquids which are separated from one another, wherein a heating fluid medium is heated and the vacuum vessel which at this period of time is in flow communication with the atmosphere, after expulsion of the air, is sealed-off, whereupon during cooling of the heating fluid medium there prevails in the vacuum vessel a negative pressure, the improvement comprising the steps of heating the heating fluid medium to such an extent until in the initially sealed-off vacuum vessel there prevails an excess pressure, and first then briefly bringing into flow communication with the atmosphere the vacuum vessel until the excess pressure has at least partially diminished. 2. The method as defined in claim 1, wherein for maintaining or re-establishing the vacuum the vacuum vessel at the region of the location thereof removed furthest from the vaporization locality of the heating fluid medium is brought into flow communication with the atmosphere. 3. The method as defined in claim 1, including the step of reducing the removal of heat from the system during evacuation. 4. The method as defined in claim 1, including the step of completely suppressing the removal of heat from the system during evacuation. 5. The method as defined in claim 1, including the step of periodically carrying out the evacuation operation independent of the state of the vacuum in order to maintain or re-establish the vacuum. 6. The method as defined in claim 5, including the step of automatically carrying out the evacuation operation at least once to five times per year. 7. The method as defined in claim 1, including the step of carrying out the evacuation operation as a function of a measurement value which is dependent upon the state of the vacuum in order to maintain or re-establish the vacuum. 8. The method as defined in claim 7, including the step of automatically carrying out the evacuation operation. 9. The method as defined in claim 7, including the step of employing as the measurement value for the state of the vacuum the quantity of air present in the vacuum vessel. 10. The method as defined in claim 7, including the step of employing as the measurement value for the state of the vacuum the relationship between two temperatures, wherein one temperature is the temperature at the region of the location of the vacuum vessel which is furthest removed from the vaporization locality of the heating fluid medium and the other temperature is the temperature measured at a location which is situated closer to the vaporization locality of the heating fluid medium. 11. The method as defined in claim 7, including the step of employing as the measurement value the relationship of the temperature which prevails at the region of the location of the vacuum vessel furthest removed from the vaporization locality of the heating fluid medium to the pressure prevailing in the vacuum vessel. 12. The method as defined in claim 7, further including the step of using as the measurement value the relationship of the temperature of the heating fluid medium to the temperature of at least one heated liquid. 13. The method as defined in claim 12, wherein the heated liquid is the return flow liquid of a circulation heating installation. 14. An apparatus for generating, maintaining, or re-establishing a vacuum in a vacuum vessel of an apparatus working according to the vacuum vaporization principle for heating one or a number of liquids which are separated from one another, comprising a vacuum vessel, at least one shut-off element provided for the vacuum vessel by means of which it is possible to bring into flow communication with the atmosphere the region of that location of the interior of the vacuum vessel which is furthest removed from the vaporization location of the heating fluid medium, and control means for opening said shut-off slement after reaching a pre-determined excess pressure in the vacuum vessel and reclosing said shut-off element upon reaching a pressure in the vacuum vessel which corresponds at least to the atmospheric pressure. 15. The apparatus as defined in claim 14, wherein said shut-off element comprises venting valve means. 16. The apparatus as defined in claim 15, wherein the venting valve means is an electrical vent valve. 17. The apparatus as defined in claim 15, wherein the venting valve means is a pressure actuated venting valve. 18. The apparatus as defined in claim 14, wherein said shut-off element comprises a valve constituting a pressure limiting means which within the excess pressure region or latest during drop of the excess pressure to the atmospheric pressure switches into its closed state. 19. The apparatus as defined in claim 14, wherein the shut-off element is a valve comprising a safety valve which within the excess pressure region or latest during drop of the excess pressure to the atmospheric pressure switches and again closes. 20. The apparatus as defined in claim 14, further including a control element for reducing or completely suppressing the removal of heat from the system during evacuation. 21. The apparatus as defined in claim 20, further including a timer clock for periodically initiating the evacuation. 22. The apparatus as defined in claim 14, wherein the vacuum vessel is equipped with at least one mEasurement value transmitter delivering a measurement value for the state of the vacuum, and means for automatically initiating evacuation upon exceeding or falling below a predetermined boundary value of the measurement value. 23. The apparatus as defined in claim 22, further including a timer for determining the duration of the evacuation operation. 24. The apparatus as defined in claim 22, further including means for terminating the evacuation operation upon exceeding or falling below another predetermined boundary value of the measurement value of the evacuation operation. 25. The apparatus as defined in claim 22, wherein there is provided as the measurement value transmitter an ionization chamber which is in operable association with the vacuum vessel. 26. The apparatus as defined in claim 22, wherein the measurement value transmitter comprises a Geissler tube which is operatively associated with the vacuum vessel. 27. The apparatus as defined in claim 22, wherein said measurement value transmitter comprises two temperature feelers, one of said temperature feelers being arranged at the region of the location of the vacuum vessel which is furthest removed from the vaporization location of the heating fluid medium, the other temperature feeler being arranged at a location which is closer to the vaporization location of the heating fluid medium. 28. The apparatus as defined in claim 27, wherein the other temperature feeler is located in the heating fluid medium itself. 29. The apparatus as defined in claim 22, wherein said measurement value transmitter comprises two temperature feelers, both of said temperature feelers being arranged at the region of the location of the vacuum vessel which is located furthest from the vaporization locality of the heating fluid medium in such a manner that upon the formation of a gas cushion at such region one of the temperature feelers is enclosed sooner by the gas cushion than the other temperature feeler. 30. The apparatus as defined in claim 22, wherein the measurement value transmitter comprises a temperature feeler which is arranged at the region of the location of the vacuum vessel which is furthest removed from the vaporization location of the heating fluid medium, and a pressure feeler for measuring the pressure in the vacuum vessel. 31. The apparatus as defined in claim 22, wherein the measurement value transmitter comprises two temperature feelers, one of the temperature feelers measuring the temperature of the heating fluid medium, the other temperature feeler measuring the temperature of at least one of the heated liquids. 32. The apparatus as defined in claim 31, wherein the other temperature feeler measures the temperature of the liquid in the return flow of a circulation heating installation. |
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