A liquid crystal device and the use thereof are provided. The liquid crystal device has an advantage in terms of power consumption since a normally transparent mode may be realized in a state in which an external electric field is not applied, and can exhibit an excellent light blocking characteristic when an external electric field is applied.

A display device includes: a display substrate (110); an opposing substrate (210) opposing the display substrate (110); and a light amount control layer (310) disposed between the display substrate (110) and the opposing substrate (210). The display substrate (110) includes: a first substrate (111); a thin film transistor (TFT) disposed on the first substrate (111); and a pixel electrode (PE) connected to the thin film transistor (TFT). The opposing substrate (210) includes: a second substrate (211); a colour conversion layer (230) disposed on the second substrate (2111); and a first polariser (510) disposed on the color conversion layer (230). The first polariser (510) includes: a base substrate (511); and a linear polariser (512) disposed on one surface of the base substrate (511). The first polariser (510) opposes the pixel electrode (PE). The one surface of the base substrate on which the linear polariser is disposed has a flatness of about 60 nm or less. The first polariser (510) can be a wire grid polariser or an absorbing polariser. The first polariser (510) is manufactured by forming a base substrate (511) on a carrier substrate (550), forming a linear polariser (512) on the base substrate (511), and removing the carrier substrate (550). The colour conversion layer (230) can comprise red and green conversion portions and a transmissive portion.

A multilayer film including: an A layer composed of a thermoplastic resin; and a B layer disposed on at least one of the surfaces of the A layer, the B layer being composed of a material Y that contains as a main component a polymer having a glass transition temperature of -50 to 40 °C , and a thickness Ta of the A layer, a thickness Tb of the B layer, a planar orientation coefficient P of the A layer, a loss modulus Ea" of the A layer, a loss modulus Eb" of the B layer, a storage modulus Ea' of the A layer, and a storage modulus Eb' of the B layer satisfying following formulae (1) to (4): (1) 2.5 x 10^-3 < Tb/Ta < 1.0 x 10^-1 (2) P > 1.0 x 10^-3 (3) Eb" > Ea" + 0.01 GPa (4) Eb' < Ea' - 1 GPa.

A retardation film including: a first optical anisotropic layer (1) including a polymer material; and a second optical anisotropic layer (2) including a liquid crystal material, in which the first optical anisotropic layer has refractive indices which satisfy the following inequation: nz1≥nx1>ny1, the second optical anisotropic layer has refractive indices which satisfy the following inequation: nx2>ny2≥nz2, a fast axis of the first optical anisotropic layer and a slow axis of the second optical anisotropic layer form a predetermined angle such that refractive indices of the retardation film satisfy the following inequation: 0<(nx0-nz0)/(nx0-ny0)<1, and in-plane retardation values (Re0) of the retardation film respectively at a wavelength of about 450 nanometers, 550 nanometers and 650 nanometers satisfy the following inequation: Re0 (450 nm)<Re0 (550 nm)<Re0 (650 nm).

Two optical compensation films (606, 607) are arranged one on each side of an active-matrix LCD cell of the in-plane switching (IPS) or "Advanced Super Dimension" switching (ADSDS or ADS) types. The ADS electrode-stucture (fig.2) is essentially that of a fringe-field switching (FFS) type. The first and second compensation films (606, 607) are provided between the TFT substrate (601) and the first polarizer (604) and between the colour-filter substrate (602) and the second polarizer (605), respectively. The refractive indices and retardation values of both films are the same but their respective slow-axes are mutually orthogonal. The slow-axis of the first compensation film (606) is arranged to be either parallel or perpendicular to the transmission axis of the first polarizer (604). The various polarisation states inside the device are illustrated using the Poincaré Sphere method.

A display panel of a display apparatus includes: an upper substrate; a lower substrate which faces the upper substrate; a liquid crystal layer which is positioned between the upper substrate and the lower substrate; and a retardation layer which is interposed between the upper substrate and the lower substrate and which compensates for a retardation of light which is caused by the liquid crystal layer when the light passes through the liquid crystal layer and is received by the upper substrate.

A liquid crystal display is provided which includes: first and second transparent substrates; a liquid crystal layer squeezed between said first and second transparent substrates, having a retardation of 300 nm or larger and 1500 nm or smaller, and vertically aligned; a first polarizer disposed on said first transparent substrate on a side opposite to said liquid crystal layer; a second polarizer disposed on said second transparent substrate on a side opposite to said liquid crystal layer and crossed-Nichol disposed relative to said first polarizer; and one of first and second optical parts structures; wherein said first optical parts structure comprises first and second viewing angle compensators sequentially disposed from a side of said second polarizer between said second transparent substrate and said second polarizer, each having an in-plane direction retardation larger than 0 nm and 30 nm or smaller, a thickness direction retardation of 90 nm or larger and 350 nm or smaller, and negative biaxial optical anisotropy, said first viewing angle compensator having an in-plane slow axis having an angle α1 relative to a transmission axis of said second polarizer, and said second viewing angle compensator having an angle α2 along a rotation direction opposite to a rotation direction of said angle α1, relative to the transmission axis of said second polarizer, wherein 0°<α1, α1≤25-700/Re+9375/Re² (°), and |α1-α2|≤5° are satisfied where Re is an in-plane retardation of said first viewing angle compensator; wherein said second optical parts structure comprises a third viewing angle compensator disposed between said first transparent substrate and said first polarizer, having an in-plane direction retardation larger than 0 nm and 30 nm or smaller, a thickness direction retardation 90 nm or larger and 350 nm or smaller, an in-plane slow axis not parallel to a transmission axis of said first polarizer, and negative biaxial optical anisotropy; and a fourth viewing angle compensator disposed between said second transparent substrate and said second polarizer, having an in-plane direction retardation larger than 0 nm and 30 nm or smaller, a thickness direction retardation 90 nm or larger and 350 nm or smaller, an in-plane slow axis perpendicular to an in-plane slow axis of said third viewing angle compensator, and negative biaxial optical anisotropy.

To provide a liquid crystal display device capable of preventing light leakage when a stress is exerted during no operation in a normally black IPS mode.

In a normally black IPS mode liquid crystal display device (15), a liquid crystal layer (5) is interposed between a first glass substrate (1) and a second glass substrate (2). At that time, a retardation layer (7) to impart to a transmitted light a phase difference corresponding to a half-wavelength of the transmitted light, is provided between the first glass substrate (1) and the second glass substrate (2). Further, a first polarizing plate (8) and a second polarizing plate (9) are provided so that the respective absorption axes are perpendicular to each other.

A retardation film which is manufacturable by a simple process, and being capable of preventing a decline in light use efficiency is provided. In a retardation film 10, a retardation layer 12 is formed in contact with a surface of a substrate 11 in which groove regions 11A and 11B are alternately patterned in stripe shape. The groove regions 11A and 11B include a plurality of grooves 111a and 111b extending in directions d1 and direction d2, respectively. The retardation layer 12 includes retardation film regions 12a and 12b corresponding to the groove regions 11A and 11B. In the retardation film regions 12a and 12b, liquid crystal molecules 120 are alighed along the extending directions d1 and d2 of the groobves, respectively. The retardation film is in contact with the surface of substrate, that is, no alighment film is formed; thereby generation of light loss is prevented. The patterns of groove regions 11A and 11B are collectively formed by transfer using a mold.