An optical lens has a first curved surface (15). The first curved surface has a first variable curvature. The optical lens has a second curved surface (16). The second curved surface has a second variable curvature. The second variable curvature forms a protrusion (13) on the second curved surface. A first end of the first curved surface is connected to a first end of the second curved surface at an outer edge of the lens.

The invention is to provide a synthetic resin-made concave cone lens for radiating a standard laser line in a low cost in that accuracy of irradiation of a standard laser line can be assured, occurrence of defective products can be prevented, and advantages in production cost owing to mass production can be sufficiently enjoyed. In the structure of the synthetic resin-made concave cone lens, a reflective surface is formed by forming a reflective film on a particular surface of a concave cone lens main body produced with a thermoplastic synthetic resin having translucency and an arbitrary refractive index by injection molding means, an apex angle of a cone concave part formed on the concave cone lens main body is determined by the refractive index of the thermoplastic synthetic resin material and such a releasing angle larger than an ordinary releasing slant angle that a parting line is arranged on one end of an outer circumference of an outer wall of the cone concave part, an irradiation part is formed with a circumference formed by the releasing slant angle, and the incident end surface of the laser beam, an inner surface of the cone concave part and a circumference surface of the irradiation part are formed to be mirror surfaces, whereby a laser beam, which is emitted from a semiconductor laser light source, is radiated to a direction perpendicular to the center axis line of the concave cone lens main body.

Bei einem Sonnensensor für Innenraumtemperaturregeleinrichtungen in Kraftfahrzeugen, mit einer Linse und einem elektro-optischen Wandler, der eine lichtempfindliche Fläche aufweist, ist für einen einfachen Aufbau und eine einfache und kostengünstige Herstellbarkeit und Montierbarkeit die Linse Teil eines Gehäuses und besteht das Gehäuse aus einem lichtdurchlässigen Material.

In a laser printer, light beams (4) need to be focused onto a printing surface to form points where print indicia are to effect a print image. In a printer where it is desirable to have variable pitch print characters, a new method has been employed to create variable print character pitches. Multiple non-parallel points of light are emitted through a collimating lens (6) onto a wedge (8) shaped optical component which directs the multiple beams of light into parallel alignment. The optical wedge has one planar surface perpendicular to at least one light beam emitted through the collimating lens. This light beam is normal to the perpendicular planar surface and passes through the wedge without being deflected. The optical wedge also has one or more planar surfaces that direct the other light beams into parallel alignment with the undeflected light beam. By moving the optical wedge away from the collimating lens the pitch (distance) between the light beams is increased and conversely, by moving the optical wedge towards the collimating lens the pitch decreases.

At least one surface of a lens has a double curve with a surface discontinuity ar the optical axis. A number of combinations of surfaces are possible such as the bicurve-convexo lens of Figure 1 a. Bicurve lenses may be used to provide a greater light capture and depth of field than conventional lenses with reduced sperical aberration. Because an annular focus is produced, bicurve lenses may be used with a diaphragm which exands radially from the optical axis to stop the lens, this arrangement being more compactthan conventional aperture adjusting devices.

In a free-space optical communication system utilising infra-red wavelengths a lens (2) used for directing optical signal energy, for example onto a detector device, has one surface formed with a profile in one plane at least such that the beam width in that plane of the incident optical energy that is directed onto the detector device, over a predetermined range of angles of incidence, is greater than a predetermined minimum value. The lens may have different profiles in two orthogonal planes, such that optical energy is directed effectively onto the detector device from a wider range of angles of incidence in one of those two planes than in the other.

The present invention provides a lens (5) at least comprising a solidified droplet of a transparent liquid doped with quantum dots (6), wherein the quantum dots transmit (4) visible light of a longer wavelength than they receive (3). The transparent liquid can be used to manufacture the lens in an inkjet material deposition process, whereby the lens can be provided with any shape as desired, and the design of the lens may also be quickly and easily changed during the manufacturing process with little cost or delay. The quantum dots with which the transparent liquid is doped can be used to down-convert the wavelength of light transmitted through the lens, and the shape, size, composition and concentration of the quantum dots may also be quickly and easily altered to modify the optical properties of the lens, and in particular to modify the colour gamut of light transmitted by the lens. The lens (5) may be a component part of a light emitting electronic device further comprising an LED (2), mounted on a substrate (1). The LED may, for example, be a blue LED and the quantum dots (6) may have a size distribution comprising two peaks configured to transmit light at green and red wavelengths, so that light (3) from the LED (2) is down-converted by the quantum dots (6) into light of longer wavelengths and mixes with the blue light (3) from the LED to provide white light (4) with a high colour gamut. Furthermore, a plurality of such LED devices may be incorporated into a backlight for a display, such as a video display screen. This has the advantages of providing the display with more even illumination and a wider colour gamut of light transmitted by the lens than previously. The present invention also provides a method of manufacturing a lens, wherein the method comprises doping a transparent liquid with quantum dots which transmit visible light of a longer wavelength than they receive, spraying the liquid as droplets from a nozzle of an inkjet printer onto a substrate, and curing the liquid to solidify the droplets.

The imaging lens ensures the wide shooting view angle, and required angular resolution over the entire shooting range. The imaging lens includes at least a first lens and a second lens. The first lens has a first surface on which a principal light beam is made incidence, and a second surface from which the principal light beam is emitted. The second lens has a third surface on which the principal light beam emitted from the first lens is made incidence, and a fourth surface from which the principal light beam is emitted. Upon incidence of the principal light beam on the first lens, an incident angle θn at which the principal light beam is made incidence on the first surface at right angles is allowed to be positioned other than a center of the first surface.

The polyester resin according to the present invention is a polyester resin mainly including a diol structural unit and a dicarboxylic acid structural unit, wherein 10 to 84 mol% of the diol structural unit is a structural unit derived from ethylene glycol, 16 to 90 mol% of the diol structural unit is a structural unit derived from neopentyl glycol represented by a particular formula (i), and 50 to 100 mol% of the dicarboxylic acid structural unit is a structural unit derived from a naphthalenedicarboxylic acid. Further, the optical lens according to the present invention is obtained by molding the polyester resin. Furthermore, the optical lens system according to the present invention includes the optical lens and an additional optical lens.

The 1-2nd lens group is divided into three lens groups which move when focusing is performed during the magnification change. Even in a case in which the second optical group is formed of one mirror, it is possible for a primary image to contain appropriate aberration and to hereby reduce aberration of an image which is finally projected onto a screen through the second optical group.

This invention includes a method and complex for non-contact control in a form of a polarization marker, a receiving device, and a microprocessor. In the polarization marker, beams are polarized with a customized cylinder polarizer, pass through a system of lenses and reflectors and are emitted into space, wherein the direction of the polarization vectors is axially symmetrical about the virtual axis of the polarization marker. The receiving device located in the working plane identifies the direction and position in space of the polarization marker in relation to the receiver, the results being interpreted by the microprocessor into control commands. The receiving device consists of polarimeters spaced at a predetermined distance. The polarimeters identify the direction of the polarization vectors of incident beams from the polarization marker. Based on the data obtained from each polarimeter, the microprocessor calculates the direction and angles of site of the polarization marker. This complex allows performing the following tasks:

- control the cursor on a monitor screen by pointing the polarization marker at it, wherein the receiver is installed on the monitor body and connected to a computer,

- use it as a part of a remote control for intuitive and user-friendly content management in home theater systems or TV sets to which a receiver is connected,

- in robotics, use it for precise navigation of a robot in a room by installing receivers on the walls/ceilings and by installing a polarization marker on the robot body, with a wireless connection of the receivers to the robot,

- 3D positioning by recognizing the polarization marker position in space in relation to the receiver connected to a computer for use in computer games, simulators, graphics applications, for remote control of manipulators and devices.

Generally, a polarization marker can be made by using an infrared semiconductor light diode, the cylinder polarizer can be made using a fluoroplastic substrate onto which rulings of the required pattern are applied by a photolithography method. Polarimeters can be made using non-cooled grating bolometers.