A remaining fuel Z is calculated by subtracting a fuel injection amount J supplied to an engine 14 from stored fuel F measured by a fuel meter 12. A fuel economy Fm is calculated by dividing a running distance M of a vehicle by a fuel injection amount J. A cruising distance K is calculated by multiplying the remaining fuel Z and the fuel economy Fm.

A remaining fuel Z is calculated by subtracting a fuel injection amount J supplied to an engine 14 from stored fuel F measured by a fuel meter 12. A fuel economy Fm is calculated by dividing a running distance M of a vehicle by a fuel injection amount J. A cruising distance K is calculated by multiplying the remaining fuel Z and the fuel economy Fm.

A switch capable of indicating the level of a high density liquid in a tank suitable for containing a low density liquid; the float (10) is heavier than the low density liquid (2) and lighter than the high density liquid (3); the float (10) sliding along a guiding tube (11) between a lower limit stop (12) and an upper limit stop (13); when the float (10) is in contact with the lower limit stop (12), the switch (9) maintains a control circuit of an actuator open, which is, therefore, standing; the tank (1) presents an outlet mouthpiece (5) connected to a duct (6) flowing into a pump (7), the outlet of which is connected to a feeding pipe (8) of a central or thermal station.

Described herein is an alarm system for use with a 'bag-in-box' arrangement (10) which is used to collect effluent from a process (20). The alarm system comprises a chamber (50) located between the process (20) and the 'bag-in-box' arrangement (10) which includes a level sensor (52) which indicates that the 'bag-in-box' arrangement (10) has been overfilled by a predetermined amount and is ready for changing.

Ein Abstandhalterrahmen (1), der aus einer dreimal abgebogenen Hohlprofilleiste besteht und an der vierten Ecke noch offen ist, wobei ein Schenkel (2) länger ist als der andere zur offenen Ecke führende Schenkel (3), wird über eine in den Schenkel (2) eingeführte Sonde (20) mit granulatförmigem Trockenmittel gefüllt. Die Sonde (20) ragt mit ihrem vorderen Ende (20') bis zur gewünschten Füllhöhe in den Schenkel (2). Sobald das Trockenmittel im Schenkel (2) die Sonde (20) erreicht, hört das Zuströmen von Trockenmittel auf. Dies erfaßt ein Sensor (27). Der Sensor (27) steuert das Herausziehen der Sonde (20) an. Dabei wird über eine Leitung (40) an die Sonde (20) Unterdruck angelegt, damit kein Trockenmittel mehr aus der Sonde (20) austritt.

A solids level detecting assembly (11) is particularly useful for detecting the level of paper pulp (or wood chips during the manufacture of pulp) in a vertical vessel (10) . A first hollow shaft (12) is affixed at a portion thereof to a vessel with a first end (13) extending into the vessel. A second shaft (20), concentric with the first, is disposed within it and connected at a first end (23) thereof to the first end of the hollow shaft, and to a paddle (plate) (22). A sensing device, including a movable core element (28) of high magnetic permeability material, is mounted to a free end (24, 40) of the second shaft. A stationary core element (43) is mounted adjacent the movable element so that a twisting motion of the first shaft as a result of solid particles acting on the plate changes the flux in the core elements. A flux detector (comprising a pair of coils (70, 71) and a voltage detector (76)) detects the changes in magnetic flux in the core elements, and indicates the change on an indicator (77), which thus illustrates the level of pulp or chips within the vessel.

A liquid level checking system has a level sensor means (10, 12) for sensing whether the level of at least one kind of liquid in a reservoir is adequate or not, indicating element means (16, 18) adapted to be turned on and off such as to inform whether the liquid level is adequate or not, and an operation switch means (14) connected between the level sensor means and the indicating element means such as to selectively form a circuit for supply electric power to the indicating element means. The system also has a power supply circuit means (20) designed for supplying electric power to the indicating element means (16, 18) only when the engine is not operating. The operation switch means (14) is switchable between an indicating element means checking position for confirming safe functioning of the indicating element means and a level checking position for confirming that the liquid level sensed by the level sensor means (10 and 12) is adequate.