Die Erfindung betrifft einen Mehrstoffbrenner, bei dem eine Zuführung für einen Primärbrennstoff und eine Zuführung für ein primäres Oxidationsmittel sowie wenigstens eine Sekundärbrennstoffzuführung in einen Ofenraum ausmündet. Um die vollständige und rasche Verbrennung des Sekundärbrennstoffs zu fördern, ist erfindungsgemäß dabei vorgesehen, dass ein sauerstoffreiches Gas über einen Gasverteiler, der mit einem eine Vielzahl an Gasaustrittsöffnungen aufweisenden Wandabschnitt der Sekundärbrennstoffzuführung strömungsverbunden ist, in den Sekundärbrennstoff eingetragen wird. Der Wandabschnitt befindet sich dabei bevorzugt in der oberen Hälfte der Sekundärbrennstoffzuführung. Der gleichmäßige Eintrag des sauerstoffreichen Gases weit vor der Ausmündung des Mehrstoffbrenners in den Ofenraum ermöglicht eine gute und gleichmäßige Durchmischung des Sekundärbrennstoffs mit dem sauerstoffreichen Gas, wodurch die anschließende Verbrennung des Sekundärbrennstoffs im Ofenraum wesentlich beschleunigt wird.

The purposes of the invention are to reduce the consumption of high-calorie gases such as a coke oven gas (COG) during the running of a gas turbine, and prevent the gas turbine from being shut down due to clogging of a pilot line or a trouble with a compressor for compressing the high-calorie gas, thereby providing improved reliability for the gas turbine. At the time of starting the operation of the gas turbine (11), a combustor (17) is supplied with high-calorie fuel and low-calorie fuel through both a first fuel supply system (31) and a second fuel supply system (32), the first fuel supply system supplying the high-calorie fuel to a first nozzle constituting the combustor (17), the second fuel supply system supplying the low-calorie fuel to a second nozzle constituting the combustor (17). When the gas turbine (11) has reached the output at which the gas turbine (11) can be continuously operated only on the low-calorie fuel, supplying the high-calorie fuel to the combustor (17) is stopped so that only the low-calorie fuel is supplied to the combuslor (17).

The present invention provides a method for generating radiation in which method a methane-containing gas is at least partly converted into carbon soot and/or higher hydrocarbons that comprise at least two carbon atoms, after which the gaseous mixture comprising the soot and/or higher hydrocarbons so obtained is burnt with an oxygen-containing gas thereby generating radiation. The invention further relates to a method for heating gas using radiation thus generated, and gas burner to generate radiation.

A method for diluting a fuel to reduce NOx uses a fuel dilution device, which includes: a first conduit having an inlet and an outlet, the first conduit adapted to transmit a stream of a fuel entering the inlet and exiting the outlet at a first thermodynamic state and a first fuel index; and a second conduit having an intake and an outtake, the second conduit adapted to transmit a stream of a fluid entering the intake and exiting the outtake at a second/different thermodynamic state and a second fuel index different from the first fuel index by at least about 0.1, whereby a potential for mixing exists between the two streams exiting the outlet and the outtake, and at least some of the fuel mixes with at least some of the fluid near the outlet and the outtake, thereby generating a diluted fuel stream having an intermediate fuel index.

The invention relates to a method an gas refining installation for providing a gas stream having a Wobbe index within a required range. The method and gas refining installation both make use of refining an unrefined gas stream into a refined gas stream with a Wobbe index above said required range, and bypassing or feeding an unrefined gas stream to said refined gas stream, thereby obtaining a combined gas stream having a Wobbe index within said required range. Use can be made of either a feedback loop or a feedforward loop.

The invention relates to a method for controlling a gas turbine, operating with an integral fuel reactivity measurement concept. In order to fast determine a safe operation range of the gas turbine with respect to flashback and blow-out, the method comprising deducing the fuel composition and therefore the fuel reactivity by combined measurements of (n-1) physico-chemical properties of a fuel mixture with n>1 fuel components, for deriving the concentration of one component for each physico-chemical property of the fuel gas mixture or for determining of a ratio of said fuels with known compositions and adjusting at least one operation parameter of the gas turbine at least partially based on the determined property of the fuel gas mixture entering the combustors. With the technical solution of the present invention, by way of detecting fast changes in fuel gas, it is assured that the gas turbine may operate with varieties of fuel gas under optimized performance and in safe operation ranges. In actual applications, the present invention may improve flexibility of gas turbines and cost effectiveness of operation of the gas turbines.

A system includes a solid feed pump 10 having a housing, a rotor disposed in the housing, a curved passage 33 disposed between the rotor and the housing, a solid feed inlet 14 coupled to the curved passage, and a solid feed outlet 16 coupled to the curved passage. Also, a solids packing device is coupled to the solid feed inlet of the solid feed pump. The solids packing device includes a first channel configured to receive a solid feed with a first range of sizes, a second channel configured to receive transport assisting particles (TAP) with a second range of sizes. The first range is different from the second range. A third channel is configured to receive and mix the solid feed and the TAP to provide a solid feed-TAP mixture with the TAP filling interspatial spaces between the solid feed. The third channel is coupled to the solid feed inlet.

An ethanol/castor oil treatment system for preparing a ethanol/castor oil based fuel for use as a fuel of an internal combustion engine (100) comprises an ethanol tank (32), an ethanol pump (42) fluidly connected to the ethanol tank (32) and having an ethanol output (50A), a castor oil tank (34), a castor oil pump (44) fluidly connected to the castor oil tank (34) and having a castor oil output (50B), a blended fuel line (52) having an inlet end fluidly connected to the ethanol output (50A) and the castor oil output (50B). The ethanol pump (42) and the castor oil pump (44) are mass and/or volume controlled pumps such that ethanol and castor oil are pumped to the blended fuel line in an adjustable mass and/or volume ratio, thereby, for example, providing the required lubrication to the therewith operated internal combustion engine.

The manner of increasing biogas net calorific value is based on the following: biogas, dried and purified of sulfur compounds, and compressed, and mixed with hydrogen, is processed in unbalanced plasma with the electron energy of ca. 1 eV and inert gas temperature within the range of 1500K-2000K, as a result of which carbon dioxide is hydrogenated and simple aliphatic hydrocarbons are created. Then post-reaction gases are cooled down and hydrogen is separated, while the remaining gases mixture is combusted and energy is generated. The resultant combustion gases are dried, dust is filtered, and then nitric oxides are decomposed, after which carbon dioxide is released. The resultant gas, with nitrogen as the main gas, is let out to chimney.

The device for increasing net calorific value of biogas from a biogas plant /1/ is equipped with: biogas drying system /2/, biogas purification system of sulfur compounds /3/, purified gas compressing system /4/, and plasma reactor /7/ with gas feeding system /6/, equipped with post-reaction gases cooler /8/ with condensed water tank /9/, connected with hydrogen separator /10/. Post-reaction gases cooler /8/ and hydrogen separator /10/ are connected with the post-reaction gases control system /11/. Hydrogen separator /10/ is connected with hydrogen tank /5/ connected with the gases feeding system /6/ and post-reaction gases control system /11/ and cogenerator /12/, which in turn, is connected through the combustion gases drying system /13/ and dust filter /14/ with the reactor used for NO_x decomposition /15/ connected with the carbon dioxide separation system from the combustion gases /16/. Hydrogen separator /10/ with the hydrogen tank /5/ and gas feeding system /6/ to plasma reactor /7/ is connected by hydrogen return line /17/. The carbon dioxide separation system from the combustion gases /16/ is connected with cogenerator /12/ by carbon dioxide return line /18/.