最新美国发明专利第2013-05-14期 - 专利汇|PatentHub专利检索|专利查询网|发明专利查询分析

Document	Document Title
US08442158B2	Method for digital wireless communications In a multivalue modulation type with one pilot symbol inserted for every 3 or more symbols, signal points of each one symbol immediately before and after a pilot symbol are modulated using a modulation type different from that for pilot symbols. In this way, it is possible to suppress deterioration of the accuracy in estimating the reference phase and amount of frequency offset by pilot symbols and improve the bit error rate characteristic in the signal to noise ratio in quasi-coherent detection with symbols whose symbol synchronization is not completely established.
US08442155B2	Procedure for the removal of the DC component inherent in any radio frequency chain A procedure for compensating the DC component inherent in any radio frequency chain making it possible from a single measurement, generally located in the digital stage, to determine a set of multiple compensation values that must be applied to multiple compensation points of the analogue chain. The compensation values are calculated by an iterative process converging towards a cancellation of the DC component and avoid saturating amplification components and components of the analogue digital converter.
US08442150B1	Measurement of transmitter impairments using offset local oscillators Systems and methods for measuring transmitter and/or receiver I/Q impairments are disclosed, including iterative methods for measuring transmitter I/Q impairments using shared local oscillators, iterative methods for measuring transmitter I/Q impairments using intentionally-offset local oscillators, and methods for measuring receiver I/Q impairments. Also disclosed are methods for computing I/Q impairments from a sampled complex signal, methods for computing DC properties of a signal path between the transmitter and receiver, and methods for transforming I/Q impairments through a linear system.
US08442149B2	Method for adapting digital data transmission parameters to measured repetitive noise Following a transmission comprising a plurality of symbols, an error measurement is generated for each symbol, so that one may distinguish between symbols having a relatively low error and symbols having a relatively high error. A bit rate to be used for subsequent transmission is determined as a function of error measurements of those symbols that have relatively low error and as a function also of the proportion of symbols having a relatively high error, such that the bit rate reduces as the proportion increases. Measurement of the error rate and/or the durations of high and low error conditions may also be used to set other transmission parameters such as error-correcting code and interleaver settings.
US08442148B2	Method for optimizing signals with multiple subcarriers A method codes data in a transmitted signal. The transmitted signal comprises multiple subcarriers with orthogonal frequencies. The signals are modulated corresponding to a given subset of the subcarriers of the transmitted signal in order to encode information. The signal is modulated corresponding to least one reserved subcarrier depending on at least one optimization criterion relating to a quality of the overall transmitted signal. In order to enhance the quality of the transmitted signal, the optimization criterion depends on at least one first quantity relating to a peak-to-average-power ratio of the transmitted signal and on at least one second quantity relating to an out-of-band power of the transmitted signal.
US08442146B2	Apparatus and methods for reducing channel estimation noise in a wireless transceiver Apparatus and methods for use in a wireless communication system are disclosed for reducing channel estimation noise in a device such as a wireless transceiver. A disclosed apparatus includes a processor that determines a channel activity portion and a noise portion of a channel estimation. The processor also determines a threshold noise level based on channel estimate values in the noise portion of the channel estimation. The processor compares channel estimate energy values in the channel estimation to the threshold noise level and sets each of the channel estimate energy values being less than the threshold noise level to a predetermined value such as zero in order to reduce or eliminate the noise. Similar methods are also disclosed.
US08442142B2	Method and system for beamforming signal transmission under a per-antenna power constraint A method and system for beamforming signal transmission under a per-antenna power constraint is presented. In one aspect, a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) transmitting station may compute a per-antenna power gain factor for each of a plurality of transmit chain signals. The transmit chain signals may be concurrently transmitted by a plurality of transmitting antennas at the MIMO transmitting station. The plurality of transmit chain signals may correspond to beamforming signals, which are generated by performing spatial mapping on a plurality of space-time signals. The plurality of power gain factors may be computed based on a per-antenna power constraint. Alternatively, the plurality of power gain factors may be computed based on joint per-antenna power and total-power constraints. Each of the transmit chain signals may be amplified or attenuated based on the corresponding antenna gain factor. The amplified or attenuated signal is then transmitted by the corresponding transmitting antenna.
US08442136B2	Method and apparatus for using control channel format indicator (CCFI) codewords in a wireless communication system A method of transmitting a control channel format indicator (CCFI), also known as PCFICH (Physical Control Format Indicator Channel), in case where the length of a coded CCFI is not an integer multiple of three, including mapping a plurality of two-bit CCFI into a codebook with each component codeword having three bits; generating a sequence of codewords selected from the codebook by repeating the selected component codeword for predetermined times; generating a codeword by concatenating the sequence of the selected component codewords with the original CCFI bits; and transmitting the codeword carrying information of CCFI. The method further includes a step of generating a permutation of each of the four codewords by assigning K repetitions of the three-bit component codeword to the number of K resource units respectively and mapping remaining K bits of each of the four codewords separately to the number of K resource units.
US08442133B2	Apparatus and method for transmitting coexistence beacon protocol packet in cognitive radio wireless communication system An apparatus and a method for transmitting a Coexistence Beacon Protocol (CBP) packet in a Cognitive Radio (CR) wireless communication system are provided. In the method for transmitting CBP packet in a transmitter that operates in a scalable Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) mode, a priority is given to each channel of one or more channels based at least partly upon channel use statuses of two or more neighbor Wireless Regional Area Networks (WRANs). Whether a Quality of Service (QoS) for CBP packet transmission for each channel is met is sequentially determined according to the respective priority. A channel having a highest priority is selected from the one or more channels meeting the QoS as a channel for CBP packet transmission. A CBP packet is transmitted via the selected channel.
US08442128B2	Signal transmitting device and phase modulated method for transmitting via a signal transmitting device A signal transmitting device and a method for transmitting via a signal transmitting device is disclosed. In one embodiment the transmitting device comprises a first resonant circuit with a resonant circuit inductance and a resonant circuit capacitance and a second resonant circuit with a resonant circuit inductance and a resonant circuit capacitance, a coupling element which couples the first resonant circuit to the second resonant circuit, a first excitation circuit, coupled to the first resonant circuit, and at least one further excitation circuit coupled to the second resonant circuit.
US08442126B1	Synchronizing audio and video content through buffer wrappers Techniques for synchronizing audio and video content are provided. According to techniques described herein, a data stream represents video frames and audio samples. For each video frame in the data stream, data structures, which refer to the video frame and to corresponding audio samples or parts thereof, and produced. These data structures indicate times at which the video frame and audio samples, or parts thereof, should be presented. As the data structures are passed among modules of a program, the video frames and/or audio samples to which the data structures refer may be processed. The time indicated in each data structure is preserved throughout the processing. Thus, when the data structures are passed to a file writing thread, the file writing thread can determine, from the time indicated in each data structure, the audio samples or parts thereof that should be played when corresponding video frames are displayed.
US08442123B2	Device, signal generation/decoding device, video transmission device, video reception device, and video transmission/reception system By generating a transmission signal containing information on a video signal containing information on a video signal encoded in units of a video signal of a predetermined number of vertical periods and adding a flag indicating the header of the transmission signal to the header of the transmission signal, it is possible to extract the flag indicating the header of the transmission signal added to the header of the transmission signal which has been radio-received and decode the encoded video signal contained in the transmission signal at the timing in accordance with a reference signal outputted at the timing when the flag is extracted.
US08442122B2	Complexity scalable video transcoder and encoder A method of encoding scalable video data streams and an encoder configured to generate an encoded scalable video data stream is provided. The encoder includes a mode controller configured to store a plurality of encoding modes, select a sub-set of the plurality of encoding modes and select a first encoding mode. The encoder generates the encoded scalable video data stream dependent on the first encoding mode.
US08442121B2	Method, apparatus and system for controlling a scene structure of multiple channels to be displayed on a mobile terminal in a mobile broadcast system A method, apparatus and system are provided for controlling a scene structure of a mobile terminal for receiving and displaying data streams in a mobile broadcast system. When logical channels are multiplexed into one physical channel, the multiplexed channels are sequentially decoded and are displayed on an image. A channel circulation scene alternately displays the channels on one image in designated order. In a combination scene structure, a new node is added to a conventional Lightweight Application Scene Representation (LASeR) technology. To compose a scene, fields for time information and scene transition effect are provided. A delay time due to a channel change is reduced. A multi-channel image is effectively provided to address a problem when a user retrieves service content while directly switching a channel. The terminal dynamically composes the multi-channel image using stream source node information from a service provider without an additional mosaic channel.
US08442119B2	Moving image decoding apparatus and processing method thereof A moving image decoding apparatus for decoding moving image data, where the apparatus includes a receiving unit for receiving moving image data, a decoding processing unit for decoding and controlling a display of decoded data, and an output control unit for outputting image data.The decoding processing unit includes an intra-block line determination unit for selecting a macroblock line in a frame of the moving image data as an intra-macroblock line; a refresh control unit for identifying an area refreshed during one circulation of an intra-macroblock line, wherein the intra-macroblock line is made to periodically circulate in units of a macroblock line for each frame; an error detection unit for detecting a decoding error; an error judgment unit for judging whether the error is within the refreshed area; and a restore point determination unit for determining a restore point to update an image.
US08442118B2	Calculating transformation parameters for image processing The invention relates to a method for obtaining transformation parameters. A camera motion can be modeled by providing a vector field of motion vectors describing estimated motion vectors, projecting the vector field on at least one axis, and deriving the transformation vector parameters from the projection of the vector fields. As the camera motion can be modeled by way of translation, scale and rotation, the projections of the vector field on the axis can be used.
US08442113B2	Effective rate control for video encoding and transcoding The quantization factor for each block of pixels in an image or video encoding or transcoding method is determined. The blocks of pixels are classified according to predefined criteria and the blocks are processed according to the resulting classification. The predefined criteria include, for example, anticipated characteristics of the blocks after quantization, such as the transform coefficients after quantization and/or the total number of non-zero transform coefficients.
US08442108B2	Adaptive updates in motion-compensated temporal filtering Techniques and tools are described for scalable video coding and decoding. For example, a video encoder and decoder perform adaptive update operations in lifting-based motion-compensated temporal filtering and inverse motion-compensated temporal filtering, respectively. The encoder, in a prediction stage, computes a motion-compensated prediction for an odd image and computes a high-pass image as the difference between the odd image and the prediction. For an update stage, the encoder performs motion compensation on the high-pass image (and potentially another high-pass image) to compute a motion-compensated update. Based upon perceptual criteria, the encoder adaptively combines the update with an even image to form a low-pass image. The decoder, for an update stage, performs motion compensation on one or more high-pass images to compute a motion-compensated update. Based upon perceptual criteria, the encoder adaptively combines the update with a low-pass image to reconstruct an even frame.
US08442097B2	Apparatus for and method of making pulse-shape measurements A receiver includes a pre-correlation filter that forms an image of the average chip shape of a received signal over a specified period of time. The filter includes an array of complex accumulation registers that accumulate measurements that are associated with signal samples from specific ranges of locations, or code chip phase angles, along a spread-spectrum chip. Using the accumulated measurements, the receiver estimates the location of the chip transitions in a direct path signal component. The receiver may thereafter change the starting points, sizes and numbers of ranges, such that the accumulation registers accumulate more detail from the chip edges. The receiver in addition may use the accumulated measurements from selected registers and/or selected groups of registers, to produce the correlation values that are needed to perform one or more correlation techniques and/or one or more multipath mitigation techniques. As appropriate, the sizes and/or starting points of the bins, and/or the selections of the bins for the various groupings may be altered, to change the spacings, locations, and so forth to which correlation values correspond.
US08442096B2	Low I/O bandwidth method and system for implementing detection and identification of scrambling codes A system for detecting and identifying the identity of a base station or cell which transmits a scrambling code is provided. According to one aspect of the system, the system is used to perform scrambling code detection of eight (8) primary cells (each scrambling code's X-component being spaced sixteen (16) chips apart) in a group. According to another aspect of the system, a single scrambling code generator is used to generate a master scrambling code. The master scrambling code is then used to create individual scrambling codes which are used in correlation with received signals to detect in parallel which one of the eight (8) possible primary cells in the group transmitted the received signals. According to yet another aspect of the system, each of the correlators maintains a corresponding X-component segment of the master scrambling code. For every sixteen (16) chips, a new X-component segment of the master scrambling code is introduced into one of the correlators, a X-component segment of the master scrambling code is dropped from another correlator, and X-component segments of the master scrambling code are sequentially shifted or propagated through the remaining correlators; and concurrent correlations are performed by the correlators using their respective corresponding X-component segments of the master scrambling code and newly received signals.
US08442093B2	System and method for receiving time-hopping ultra-wide bandwidths signals A novel receiver structure is proposed for detecting a time-hopping ultra-wide bandwidth signal in the presence of multiple access interference. The proposed structure achieves better bit error rate performance than the conventional matched receiver when operating in multiple access interference. When operating in a multiple access interference-plus-Gaussian-noise environment, the receiver structure outperforms the conventional matched filter receiver for moderate to large values of signal-to-noise ratio. A receiver structure with adaptive limiting threshold is further proposed to ensure the performance of the soft-limiting receiver always meets or surpasses the performance of the conventional UWB receiver for all values of signal-to-noise ratio.
US08442091B2	Microchannel laser having microplasma gain media The invention provides microchannel lasers having a microplasma gain medium. Lasers of the invention can be formed in semiconductor materials, and can also be formed in polymer materials. In a microlaser of the invention, high density plasmas are produced in microchannels. The microplasma acts as a gain medium with the electrodes sustaining the plasma in the microchannel. Reflectors are used with the microchannel for obtaining optical feedback to obtain lasing in the microplasma gain medium in devices of the invention for a wide range of atomic and molecular species. Several atomic and molecular gain media will produce sufficiently high gain coefficients that reflectors (mirrors) are not necessary. Microlasers of the invention are based on microplasma generation in channels of various geometries. Preferred embodiment microlaser designs can be fabricated in semiconductor materials, such as Si wafers, by standard photolithographic techniques, or in polymers by replica molding.
US08442090B1	Efficient burst mode optical parametric source A method and apparatus recycle residual energy in an optical parametric burst source.
US08442088B1	Diffractive grating coupled whispering gallery mode resonators Optical resonators and optical devices based on optical resonators that implement diffractive couplers for coupling light with the optical resonators.
US08442087B2	Mounting member and semiconductor laser apparatus having the same Provided is a mounting member having a light receiving element, capable of constraining increase in size and of arranging a plurality of laser element portions closer to each other. The mounting member includes three or more electrodes, which respectively include element mounting portions arranged in a first direction, and a light receiving element disposed in a second direction intersecting with the first direction relative to the element mounting portions. The length in the second direction of at least one of the element mounting portions disposed at both ends in the first direction among the three or more element mounting portions is smaller than the length in the second direction of an element mounting portion disposed at an inner position in the first direction among the three or more element mounting portions.
US08442083B2	Systems and methods for stabilizing laser frequency based on an isoclinic point in the absorption spectrum of a gas Systems and methods for stabilizing laser frequency based on an isoclinic point of an atomic or molecular medium are provided herein. A system may include: a transmission cell containing a gas and configured to transmit light from the laser, the gas having an absorption spectrum with an isoclinic point; a photodiode generating an output based on an amplitude of transmitted laser light; and circuitry configured to tune the frequency of the laser to the isoclinic point of the absorption spectrum based on the output. The absorption spectrum may have first and second overlapping peaks respectively corresponding to first and second transitions of the gas, the isoclinic point being a saddle point between the first and second peaks. The first and second peaks may have substantially equal amplitude as one another and/or may broaden substantially equally as each other as a function of a physical parameter of the gas.
US08442082B2	Laser controller A controller for controlling the power of a laser that is used in determining the motion of an object includes a power source that is arranged to supply power pulses to the laser in response to a controller signal. The controller controls the generation of pulses during periods in which a reliable result can be obtained, by detecting the laser radiation that has interacted with pulses reflected from the object, in order to conserve power consumption. Further the power pulses include a heating pulse portion, which serves to stabilize the temperature of the laser and calibrate the laser so that a known lasing wavelength is generated.
US08442081B2	Quantum cascade laser suitable for portable applications A highly portable, high-powered infrared laser source is produced by intermittent operation of a quantum cascade laser power regulated to a predetermined operating range that permits passive cooling. The regulation process may boost battery voltage allowing the use of a more compact, low-voltage batteries.
US08442080B2	Laser operation for survey instruments The performance of a laser scanner is optimized in the field by automatically determining appropriate laser parameters for the scan location. A laser control system uses information such as the environmental temperature to select an appropriate range of start points for various laser parameters, such as pump temperature and laser currents. Test pulses over that range can be used to determine optimal operating parameters.
US08442073B2	Method and an apparatus for analyzing a communication network The invention provides a novel method and apparatus for analyzing a communication network such as a computer network or a social network comprising nodes communicating with each other by means of messages. A topic discovery unit is provided for performing a topic discovery on the basis of a message content which can be formed by textual content. A segmentation unit performs a segmentation of a global network graph representing the communication network into topic sub-graphs depending on the discovered topics. A property calculation unit calculates intra-topic network properties and inter-topic network properties of the network nodes. An advantage is that a deeper understanding of the analyzed communication network can be achieved such as communications patterns to identify roles of participating nodes. The method and apparatus according to the present invention can be used to optimize the organization of any communication network.
US08442067B2	Using gathered system activity statistics to determine when to schedule a procedure Provided are a method, system, and computer program product for using gathered system activity statistics to determine when to schedule a procedure. Activity information is gathered in a computer readable storage medium indicating activity in a computer system during time slots for recurring time periods, wherein each time period includes a plurality of time slots. A high activity value is determined comprising an activity amount of a slot having a maximum amount of activity among the slots for the time periods and a low activity value is determined comprising an activity amount of a slot having a minimum amount of activity among the slots for the time periods. A threshold point is determined as a function of the high activity, the low activity, and a threshold percent comprising a percentage value. A determination is made as to whether there is at least one lull window having a plurality of consecutive time slots each having an activity value lower than the threshold point. A selection is made of one of the at least one lull window in response to determining that there is at least one lull window. The procedure in the computer system is scheduled to be performed during the time slots in the lull window in a future time period.
US08442050B2	Apparatus and method of controlling LSP of RSVP-TE protocol using label with availability of end-to-end range Provided are a method and apparatus of controlling a Label Switched Path (LSP) of a Resource Reservation Protocol-Traffic Engineering (RSVP-TE) protocol, which may define an available label in an End-to-End range when a label is not changed by transit nodes, and is determined only by an external management system or a manager, or an ingress node or an egress node, thereby more simply and effectively operating the RSVP-TE protocol, and removing limitations in functions of nodes such as path calculating.
US08442046B2	Sending routing protocol data on a multi-access network segment In one embodiment, a method includes setting a re-flood time to a non-zero first value. Update data that indicates a change to link data is received over a network interface from an updating node of multiple nodes on a multi-access segment connected to the interface. The change is to link data that indicates links on the updating node. It is determined whether an acknowledgment message is not received within the re-flood time from a particular node of the multiple nodes. If an acknowledgment message is not received within the re-flood time, then a multicast packet directed to the multiple nodes and including the change to the link data is sent over onto the segment. This method enables rapid response to failure of a primary node designated to ensure reliable flooding of link data.
US08442042B2	Appliance and a consumable holder with an embedded virtual router An embedded virtual router is provided for a system comprising a device having a first software component configured to obtain and convey information associated with a consumable and an appliance having a second software component configured to perform a physical cycle of operation on an article using the consumable. The embedded virtual router encapsulates the two software components so that collaboration between them is uniform and identical whether the collaboration is over a network or sharing a runtime environment.
US08442040B2	Modular adaptation and configuration of a network node architecture The present invention provides a system, apparatus and method for modularly adapting a network node architecture to function in one of a plurality of potential node types. The architecture includes a configurable switching element, integrated optics, and a plurality of modules that allow a “type” of node to be adapted and configured within the base architecture. The module interfaces may be optical or electrical and be used to construct various different types of nodes including regenerators, add/drop nodes, terminal nodes, and multi-way nodes using the same base architecture.
US08442037B2	System and method for device registration replication in a communication network A system for device registration replication in a packet-based network includes a first call manager and a second call manager that are coupled to the packet-based network. The first and second call managers each control one or more devices and store composite registration information associated with the devices. The first call manager communicates status information to the second call manager in response to a change in the control status of a device controlled by the first call manager. The second call manager updates the composite registration information stored by the second call manager in response to receiving status information from the first call manager.
US08442035B2	Method and device for grandparent media realm for session border controllers A method may include receiving handshake signals to establish a media session between at least two endpoints, determining location information of the at least two endpoints based on the handshake signals, and releasing media exchanged between the at least two endpoints if it is determined that the location information of the at least two endpoints indicates that the at least two endpoints are in a same location.
US08442032B1	Method and system for customer selected direct dialed voice-over-internet protocol (VOIP) A Voice-over-Internet protocol (VoIP) communications network system that enables direct-dialed (single-stage) access to the Internet Protocol (IP) network from the circuit-switched network. Specifically, the VoIP network system includes a VoIP service implemented on a communications system which, after a customer number has been registered for the service, automatically recognizes calls from the registered customer's telephone number and determines if the call can be routed as a VoIP call over the IP network. In embodiments of the present invention, the customer can register for the VoIP service by selecting both a provider (PIC) and a calling plan or by only selecting a provider. The system can be implemented to handle intra-state, inter-state and international voice-band calls (for example, regular telephone calls, facsimile transmissions and modem initiated calls) using standard circuit-switched telephone lines, cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL) and wireless.
US08442031B2	Method and apparatus for utilizing network services in a manner substantially transparent to service endpoints The invention includes a method and apparatus for regenerative signaling. Specifically, the method includes receiving at least one base protocol message formatted in accordance with at least one base protocol, obtaining service information associated with at least one network service, and generating, in response to the at least one base protocol message, at least one companion protocol message formatted in accordance with at least one companion protocol. The at least one base protocol message is associated with at least one service endpoint. The service information associated with at least one network service is obtained using the at least one base protocol message. The at least one companion protocol message is generated using at least a portion of the service information. The at least one companion protocol message is operable for controlling the at least one network service in a manner substantially transparent to the at least one service endpoint.
US08442030B2	Software control plane for switches and routers A Provider Network Controller (PNC) addresses the challenges in building services across Next Generation Network (NGN) architectures and creates an abstraction layer as a bridge, or glue, between the network transport and applications running over it. The PNC is a multi-layer, multi-vendor dynamic control plane that implements service activation and Layer 0-2 management tools for multiple transport technologies including Carrier Ethernet, Provider Backbone Transport (PBT), Multi-protocol Label Switching (MPLS), Transport MPLS (T-MPLS), optical and integrated networking platforms. Decoupling transport controls and services from the network equipment simplifies service creation and provides options for carriers to choose best-in-class equipment that leverages the PNC to enable rapid creation and management of transports and services. The PNC provides Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) interfaces to abstract transport objects expressly designed to support both wholesale and retail services, and supports service offerings with varied bandwidth and Quality of Service (QoS) requirements, thus achieving enterprise Ethernet economics.
US08442024B2	Advertisement and distribution of notifications in a wireless local area network (WLAN) An Access Point (AP) advertises the availability of notifications, and this advertisement may be received and interpreted by stations (STAs), both by associated STAs and by non-associated STAs. Upon being informed of the availability of the notification message, a STA may take action in order to receive the notification message from the AP. Alternatively, the STA may be able to identify the notification message by analyzing the advertisement. If the contents of the notification message comprise a control message, the STA may act on the control message in a way that influences the STA's behavior. If the contents of the notification message indicate restrictions imposed by the AP, the STA may determine, in view of the restrictions, not to attempt association with the AP.
US08442018B2	Wireless communication system, router apparatus, wireless communication method, and program A wireless communication system includes a first communication apparatus that uses first frequency band to communicate wirelessly by time division method, a second communication apparatus that uses second frequency band adjacent to the first frequency band to communicate wirelessly by time division method, and a router apparatus that relays data communicated wirelessly in the first and second communication apparatus. The router apparatus includes a first communication unit that uses the first frequency band to communicate wirelessly by time division method with the first communication apparatus, a second communication unit that uses the second frequency band to communicate wirelessly by time division method with the second communication apparatus simultaneously with wireless communication by the first communication unit, and a controller that causes transmission intervals and reception intervals in the second communication unit to coincide with transmission intervals and reception intervals that are partitioned by time divisions in the first communication unit.
US08442016B1	Co-existance of bluetooth and wireless local area network A method for transmitting one or more first wireless local area network (WLAN) packets and one or more first Bluetooth (BT) packets. The method includes: prior to transmission of the one or more first wireless local area network (WLAN) packets, predicting a first time at which the transmission of the one or more first wireless local area network (WLAN) packets is going to end, and predicting a second time at which reception of one or more second Bluetooth (BT) packets is going to start; and simultaneously transmitting the one or more first wireless local area network (WLAN) packets and the one or more first Bluetooth (BT) packets in response to the first time being predicted to occur prior to the second time.
US08442014B2	Wireless base station apparatus and wireless communication method A wireless base station apparatus for performing wireless communication with a plurality of wireless communication apparatuses includes a communication processing unit for allocating wireless resources to the wireless communication apparatuses to perform wireless communication, a statistics processing unit for obtaining information related to communication status of the wireless communication apparatuses in wireless communication, and an intermittent arrangement determination unit for detecting a wireless communication apparatus to be allocated with wireless resource at intervals of a predetermined number of communication frames based on the information obtained. The communication processing unit intermittently allocates the same time slot to a plurality of wireless communication apparatuses detected by the intermittent arrangement determination unit at intervals of a predetermined number of communication frames.
US08442013B2	Analysis and control of traffic based on identified packet control functions A device receives packet control function (PCF) load information associated with a packet data serving node (PDSN), and determines PCF Internet protocol (IP) address information and a number of sessions per PCF based on the PCF load information. The device also receives IP information from an IP network associated with the PDSN, and determines PCF identity information based on the IP information. The device further generates control information based on the PCF IP address information, the number of sessions per PCF, and the PCF identity information, and provides the control information to the PDSN to control operation of the PDSN.
US08442012B1	Selecting wireless access resources based on past wireless activity What is disclosed is a method of operating a wireless communication system, where a wireless access system provides wireless access to communication services for wireless communication devices. The method includes receiving a request to initiate a first communication session for a first wireless communication device, processing past dropped communication session information for the first wireless communication device to select a radio configuration type of wireless access resources for the first communication session, and providing the wireless access resources for the first communication session to the first wireless communication device using the selected radio configuration type.
US08442005B2	Seamless handoff across heterogeneous access networks using a handoff controller in a service control point In a telecommunications network in which a mobile handset is capable of communicating in both an IP domain and a non-IP domain, the handoff of an existing communications session between the mobile handset and a fixed user is facilitated by a handoff controller implemented in a service control point. The handoff controller implements different handoff methods depending on the status of the fixed user and the transition of the mobile user. Additionally 802.21 Media Independent Handover Function in conjunction with SIP is used to facilitate handover between IP and Non-IP points in the system.
US08441998B2	Method of transmitting broadcast information in multiple carrier system A method of transmitting broadcast information by using multiple carriers is provided. The method includes: configuring a superframe for an operation of the multiple carriers; and transmitting the broadcast information through at least one primary carrier selected from the multiple carriers. Accordingly, the multiple carrier system can effectively manage respective carriers, and particularly can effectively use radio resources in transmission of broadcast information.
US08441997B2	Remote management system for self-organizing femtocells A method for initialization of a remote femto base station by a remote management system in a radio access network, the method comprising: powering on the femto base station; transmitting an initial configuration file from the remote management system to the femto base station; initializing the femto base station with the initial configuration file; scanning neighbor femto base stations; transmitting the results of the scanning of neighbor femto base stations and transmitting the femto base station location information to the remote management system; the remote management system setting a neighbor list and radio frequency parameters in response to receipt of the transmission from the femto base station; generating an updated configuration file based on the generated neighbor list and radio frequency parameters; transmitting the updated configuration file to the femto base station; and applying the updated configuration file at the femto base station and starting operation.
US08441996B2	Method and apparatus for monitoring control channel in multiple carrier system A method and apparatus of monitoring a control channel in a multiple carrier system is provided. A user equipment monitors a plurality of candidate control channels within a control region of a subframe and receives reference control information on a reference control channel which is successfully decoded. The user equipment monitors the control region on a basis of the reference control information and receives link control information on a linked control channel which is successfully decoded. The link control information includes resource assignment information used to receive or transmit data packets via a plurality of component carriers.
US08441993B2	Apparatus and method for resumption request of extended real time polling service in a broadband wireless communication system A method of operating a Base Station (BS) in a broadband wireless communication system to resume an extended real-time Polling Service (ertPS) is provided. The method of operating the BS includes detecting a codeword received through a Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) channel, and upon receiving a CQI CHannel (CQICH) codeword for requesting resumption of an extended real-time Polling Service (ertPS) connection from a Mobile Station (MS), allocating to the MS an uplink resource corresponding to the largest maximum sustainable traffic rate of at least one ertPS connec established to the MS.
US08441987B2	Beacon requests and RS bit resolving circular routes The present technology relates to protocols relative to utility meters associated with an open operational framework. More particularly, the present subject matter relates to protocol subject matter for advanced metering infrastructure, adaptable to various international standards, while economically supporting a 2-way mesh network solution in a wireless environment, such as for operating in a residential electricity meter field. The present subject matter supports meters within an ANSI standard C12.22/C12.19 system while economically supporting a 2-way mesh network solution in a wireless environment, such as for operating in a residential electricity meter field, all to permit cell-based adaptive insertion of C12.22 meters within an open framework. Cell isolation is provided through quasi-orthogonal sequences in a frequency hopping network. Additional features relate to apparatus and methodology subject matters concerning the handling of Beacon Requests and Registered State bit resolving to avoid circular routes.
US08441985B2	Method for determining ISR activation in mobile communications system Disclosed is a method for determining Idle mode Signaling Reduction (ISR) activation in a mobile communications system.When a mobility management node decides to activate an ISR feature in an IMS network environment where hetero mobile communications networks (e.g., E-UTRAN and UTRAN/GERAN) interwork with each other, considered are not only whether an ISR feature can be supported, and whether a UE can use IMS voice, but also conditions (information) on whether IMS voice over PS domain can be supported. This may allow a voice call transferred to the UE from the network to be delivered to a domain (PS or CS domain) selected with consideration of an access network state without delay.
US08441974B2	Method of providing multicast broadcast service The present invention relates to a method of providing a multicast broadcast service. A message for providing an MBS (Multicast Broadcast Service) between network constituent elements is defined by applying a message defined in a wireless channel, and functions and parameters to be performed by the network constituent elements are defined. Therefore, the MBS can be provided in a wideband wireless access network that is a field of a mobile communication system and includes a wire channel.
US08441970B1	Uplink resynchronization for use in communication system A method and apparatus for reusing an uplink control channel configuration associated with an uplink control channel, the method comprising the steps of, at a user agent, receiving an uplink control channel resource configuration assigned by an access device, transmitting to the access device using the control channel resources associated with the received uplink control channel resource configuration and, after a time alignment timer expires, retaining the uplink control channel resource configuration.
US08441967B2	Opportunistic 40 MHz mode of transmission in wireless transmitters A system includes a signal processing module and a control module. The signal processing module receives a first clear channel assessment (CCA) signal for a first sub-channel of a communication channel, increases a pulse width of the first CCA signal by a predetermined period of time, and generates a second CCA signal. The control module receives the second CCA signal and a third CCA signal for a second sub-channel of the communication channel. The control module transmits data via one of the second sub-channel and the communication channel based on the second and third CCA signals.
US08441963B2	IP multicast management and service provision system and method A system (10), method (90) and apparatus (14) are provided for provisioning a multicast stream, such as an IP multicast stream, in a network. The system includes a first tier (12), such as a national backbone, with a first Multicast Address Discovery (MCAD) directory (34), and at least one second tier having a headend, such as a regional headend (14), with a second MCAD directory (36, 38). The system (10) includes a tiered MCAD directory network that allows the assignment of multicast addresses to multicast streams received from an upper tier MCAD directory. The tiered MCAD directory structure allows for requesting and storing stream descriptors and delivering stream descriptors on-demand to MCAD-enabled devices throughout the system. The system (10) also allows for stream provisioning maintenance and validation at lower tier headends via MCAD-enabled device queries or re-queries of upper tier MCAD directories.
US08441959B2	Method of establishing a wireless multi-hop network A method of establishing a wireless multi-hop network where devices establish a physical wireless connection to at least another device of the network in a self-organizing process. In the self-organizing process, a seeking device intending to join the network listens for beacon signals, emitted by candidate parent devices already in the network, that include a network identifier and a device identifier of the emitting devices. Then, in a parent selection process, the seeking device selects a parent device from among the candidate parent devices, according to given selection rules, based on the network identifiers, acceptance capabilities of the candidate parent devices, and link quality parameter values relating the device and the candidate parent devices. In this parent selection process, application-level connection data of the seeking device and/or the candidate parent devices are applied. The seeking device connects physically, and preferably also logically, via the selected parent device to the network.
US08441949B2	Methods, apparatuses and computer program products for routing a call from a circuit switched domain to a unified service domain A technique for routing a call to a unified service domain using one or more client applications providing call routing support from a circuit-switch access domain to unified service domain is described. A first one of the client applications will be provided on a network side and a second one of the client applications may potentially be provided on a terminal side. A method implementation of this technique comprises, on the network side, the steps of receiving a message from the terminal side, detecting, in response to the message, the client application that is to provide the routing functionalities, and controlling an activation state of at least one of the two client applications dependent on a result of this detection.
US08441947B2	Simultaneous data packet processing A packet controller for simultaneous processing of data packets transmitted via a plurality of communication channels includes a plurality of inputs to receive a respective plurality of signals, such that each of the plurality of signals is indicative of a presence of a data packet on a respective one of the plurality of communication channels, a clock source to supply a periodic clock signal, a plurality of independent processing modules coupled to the respective plurality of inputs to simultaneously process the plurality of signals, such that each of the plurality of independent processing modules implements a respective state machine driven by the periodic clock signal to process the respective signal independently of every other one of the plurality of processing modules, and an output to transmit an output signal indicative of a presence of at least one data packet on one or more of the plurality of communication channels.
US08441943B2	Information processing apparatus and method, program, and recording medium An information processing apparatus for performing communication with another information processing apparatus via a network includes an instruction section instructing a transmission of a first packet in order to obtain a response from the other information processing apparatus; a first generation section generating a first time stamp containing a time when the first packet generated on the basis of instructions by the instruction section is sent out to the network; a second generation section generating a second time stamp containing a time when a second packet that is transmitted as a response for the first packet from the other information processing apparatus is obtained from the network; and a computation section computing a round trip delay between the information processing apparatus and the other information-processing apparatus on the basis of the first and second generated time stamps.
US08441939B2	Cable modem access using layer-2 messaging In one embodiment, a method comprises receiving notification of a cable modem operational issue for a cable modem and establishing layer-2 logging communications with the cable modem. The method comprises receiving a message from the cable modem, the message generated by the cable modem in response to the operational issue and indicating the operational issue associated with the cable modem.
US08441937B2	GMPLS based OAM provisioning A method and network are described herein for provisioning Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) entities for a connection when setting-up the connection between an ingress edge node and an egress edge node.
US08441936B2	Radio transmission apparatus, and radio transmission method Provided is a communication device, which is enabled to improve the throughput of a communication system by reducing the difference of a transmission power between an SCCH and an SDCH thereby to satisfy the required quality of a PAPR. In this device, an MCS selection unit (111) of a transmission unit (110) decides, with reference to a CQI lookup table, an MCS pattern (MCS1) of the SDCH, an MCS pattern (MCS2) of the SCCH and information (multiplex information) on multiplex positions on the time axes of those two channels, on the basis of the CQI information. On the basis of the MCS2 and the MCS1, encoding modulation units (112 and 113) perform encoding and modulating operations. According to the multiplex information, a channel multiplexing unit (114) time-division multiplexes the SCCH and the SDCH thereby to generate a transmission signal.
US08441935B2	Method and apparatus to distribute signaling data for parallel analysis A method and apparatus for capturing signaling data exchanged across multiple interfaces of a network via a distributed network analyzer, selectively manipulating the captured signaling data for parallel real time distributed analysis by a plurality of signaling analyzers, and transmitting the selectively manipulated signaling data to each of the plurality of signaling analyzers for the parallel real time distributed analysis by the signaling analyzers. The transmitted signaling data includes at least one of network signalizing data, user signalizing data, and application signaling data. Further, the captured signaling data analyzed by the signaling analyzers includes information needed for Quality of Service analysis of end user traffic. Accordingly, a method and apparatus for parallel real time distributed analysis of signaling data is provided, reducing complexity and cost of tools for analysis of signaling data.
US08441933B2	Deadlock prevention in direct networks of arbitrary topology Aspects of the invention pertain to routing packets in a computer system while avoiding deadlock. A turn rule is set according to unique identifiers associated with switches in the system. Numeric values of switches in possible turns are compared to determine whether a turn is permissible. The rule applies to all nodes in the system. The rule may be violated when using virtual channels. Here, a violation is permissible when using monotonically increasing virtual channel numbers or monotonically decreasing virtual channel numbers. Alternatively, the violations of the turn rule may be allowed if they force a packet to change to a later virtual channel in some fixed ordering of virtual channels. Deadlock can thus be avoided in many different types of architectures, including mesh, torus, butterfly and flattened butterfly configurations.
US08441926B2	Method and system for a novel flow admission control framework This invention presents a new FAC framework that keeps the stateless property of the Internet, allows statistical multiplexing gains, and is capable of handling admission control of both TCP and UDP flows.One of the key inventions of the patent is the solution for the signaling/data path divergence problem inherent in a session layer FAC scheme. The solution consists of two components. First, we keep the paths in the network symmetric (i.e. the forward and the backward path are the same) so that we only need to monitor SETUP packets in new flow detection. Second, we select either a tree or a nonblocking mesh topology for the network. Various topologies for constructing nonblocking networks for the proposed FAC architecture are also disclosed.
US08441920B2	Redundancy in voice and data communications systems A method includes receiving information at an interface circuit and providing the information from the interface circuit to a processing circuit through a direct communications path between the interface circuit and a processing circuit, which processes the information received from the interface circuit. The method further includes providing the information from the interface circuit to the processing circuit via a crosspoint switch in response to a failure of the direct communications path, wherein the direct communication does not pass through the crosspoint switch.
US08441916B2	Method of communicating for smart utility network using TV white space and apparatus for the same There are disclosed a method of communicating for a smart utility network using a TV white space and an apparatus for the same. The method of communicating for a smart utility network using a TV white space according to the present invention includes: generating a time domain sequence repeated every predetermined number of samples; generating an OFDM symbol having a cyclic prefix length corresponding to an FFT size divided by a natural number of 2 or more and including samples of a number corresponding to the sum of the FFT size and the cyclic prefix length; and generating an SUN packet to be transmitted through a TV channel band selected in the TV white space by using the time domain sequence and the OFDM symbol. Accordingly, it is possible to satisfy all requirements required by the IEEE 802.15.4g SUN standardization group.
US08441911B2	Optical disc, and production method and reproduction apparatus for optical disc An optical disc has a data layer including a data-layer substrate made of a transparent material and a data-layer reflection film formed on an upper side of the data-layer substrate, a display layer including a display-layer substrate having a display pattern and a display-layer reflection film formed on a lower side of the display-layer substrate, and an intermediate layer made of a transparent material provided between an upper side of the data layer and a lower side of the display layer.The data- and display-layer reflection films exhibit specific reflectivity to allow the display pattern to be visible from a lower side of the data-layer substrate through the data-layer reflection film.
US08441910B1	System and method of adjusting gain and offset loops in data storage system In one embodiment the present invention includes a qualification circuit that controls a read channel in a data storage device. The qualification circuit includes a first circuit and a second circuit. The first circuit receives a first signal and generates a second signal based on a signal quality of the first signal. The second circuit receives the second signal, an envelope-derived error signal resulting from performing envelope derived error detection, and a decision-aided error signal resulting from performing decision aided error detection. The second circuit modifies the envelope-derived error signal and the decision aided error signal according to the second signal. The second circuit generates a control signal that controls the read channel according to the envelope-derived error signal and the decision-aided error signal having been modified.
US08441908B2	Optical pickup device Provided is an optical pickup device which suppresses the decrease of light amount and performs conversion to circular polarization light, wherein the optical pickup device includes a beam splitter and a raising mirror on each of which a layered member is formed, and the optical pickup device satisfies conditional expressions relating to intensities of S-polarized light and P-polarized light with respect to the beam splitter of a laser beam emitted from a semiconductor laser element, reflectances of S-polarized light and P-polarized light on the beam splitter, a reflection phase difference obtained by subtracting a phase of S-polarized light from a phase of P-polarized light after the reflection, reflectances of S-polarized light and P-polarized light on the raising mirror, and a reflection phase difference obtained by subtracting a phase of S-polarized light from a phase of P-polarized light after the reflection.
US08441907B2	Complex objective lens including saw-tooth diffractive element for using on blue, red and infrared lights In an optical head device which performs recording/reading of data in/from a high-density optical disc using an objective lens with a large NA, a saw-tooth shape diffraction element is used for also performing recording/reading of data in/from a conventional optical disc, such as DVD, CD, or the like. A step difference that produces an optical path length for blue light which is equal to or longer than the wavelength of the blue light and optical path lengths for red and infrared light which are shorter than the wavelengths of the red and infrared light is utilized so as to exert an inverse action on the blue light to those exerted on the red and infrared light. The effect of increasing the working distances for CD and DVD enables multiple compatibility. The optical element is integrally combined with the objective lens to perform a tracking servo following operation.
US08441905B2	Optical information recording medium and optical information processing apparatus This invention allows super-resolution reproduction with which a better bER value is attainable, when information is recorded by a random pattern including a mark length not longer than a resolution limit, by use of a highly versatile signal decoding method.Information is recorded as marks and spaces coded by RLL(1,7) modulation, which each of the marks and spaces have one of a plurality of lengths, and 2T marks and 2T spaces of the marks and spaces being formed are shorter than 0.12 μm. An information recording layer (20) includes a reproduction film (21) and a reflective film (22) which are provided in this order from a side from which reproducing light is incident, which reproduction film is made of (i) zinc oxide, (ii) strontium titanate, (iii) titanium oxide, (iv) cerium oxide, or (v) a material including at least one of the (i) through (iv), and which reflective film is made of tantalum or titanium.
US08441904B2	Method and apparatus for measuring a signal There is disclosed a method and apparatus for measuring a signal using a measurement system. The signal has a frequency component that is to be detected by the measurement. The frequency component has a varying phase. The signal has at least one interruption thereto. The method includes: processing the signal with the measurement system to detect the frequency component in the signal and stalling the measurement system before the start of the interruption. The stall period is calculated such that the processing of the signal is resumed: i) after the end of the interruption, and ii) where there is substantially no discontinuity between the phase of the frequency component in the signal at the end of the stall and in the phase of the frequency component in the signal at the beginning of the stall.
US08441890B2	Removing ground-roll from geophysical data using source-receiver interferometry A method for processing geophysical data. The method includes applying a first interferometry on an estimate of a direct ground roll between a receiver location and one or more boundary source locations and an estimate of a direct ground roll between one or more boundary receiver locations and each boundary source location to generate an interferometric estimate of a direct ground roll between the receiver location and each boundary receiver location. The method then includes applying a second interferometry on geophysical data between the source location and each boundary receiver location and the interferometric estimate of the direct ground roll between the receiver location and each boundary receiver location to generate an interferometric estimate of a direct and scattered ground roll between the source location and the receiver location. After applying the second interferometry, the method then includes removing the interferometric estimate of the direct and scattered ground roll between the source location and the receiver location from geophysical data acquired at the receiver location due to a source at the source.
US08441885B2	Methods and apparatus for memory word line driver A word line driver circuit and corresponding methods are disclosed. An apparatus, comprising a decoder circuit coupled to receive address inputs, and having a decoder output; and a word line clock gating circuit coupled to the decoder output and to a word line clock signal, configured to selectively output a word line signal responsive to an edge on the word line clock signal; wherein the address inputs have a set up time requirement relative to the edge of the word line clock signal, and the address inputs have a zero or less hold time requirement relative to the edge of the word line clock signal. Methods for providing a word line signal from a word line driver are disclosed.
US08441884B2	Semiconductor memory device, image processing system, and image processing method A semiconductor memory device comprises: a memory cell group, the memory cell including a number of which is 2n, the n being a positive integer; and a first decoder provided with respect to each of the memory cell groups and a second decoder. The first decoder activates a word line by the memory cell group based upon a first address and an n bit in a second address and the second decoder activates a bit line based upon the second address.
US08441882B2	Memory devices having redundant arrays for repair Apparatus and methods are disclosed, such as those involving a memory device. One such memory device includes a memory array including a sub-array that includes a first number of columns of memory cells, and one or more global input/output (I/O) lines shared by the first number of columns for data transmission. The memory device also includes one or more multiplexers/demultiplexers, wherein each of the multiplexers/demultiplexers is electrically coupled to one or more, but not all, of the global I/O lines. The memory device further includes a plurality of local I/O lines, each configured to provide a data path between one of the multiplexers/demultiplexers and one or more, but less than the first number, of the columns in the sub-array. This configuration allows local I/O line repairability with fewer redundant elements, and shorter physical local I/O lines, which translate to improved speed and die size reduction.
US08441879B2	Semiconductor memory device requiring refresh operation To provide a plurality of memory banks, each of which is divided into a plurality of segments; a bank address register that designates a memory bank that becomes a refresh target; a segment address register that designates a segment that becomes a refresh target; and a refresh control circuit that prohibits a refresh operation of the memory bank or the segment not designated by at least one of the bank address register and the segment address register. This semiconductor device is capable of designating whether to perform a refresh operation not only in a memory bank unit but also in a segment unit within the memory bank, and thus it achieves a further reduction of the power consumption.
US08441878B2	Embedded memory databus architecture A dynamic random access memory (DRAM) having pairs of bitlines, each pair being connected to a first bit line sense amplifier, wordlines crossing the bitlines pairs forming an array, charge storage cells connected to the bitlines, each having an enable input connected to a wordline, the bit line sense amplifiers being connected in a two dimensional array, pairs of primary databuses being connected through first access transistors to plural corresponding bit line sense amplifiers in each row of the array, apparatus for enabling columns of the first access transistors, databus sense amplifiers each connected to a corresponding data bus pair, a secondary databus, the secondary databus being connected through second access transistors to the databus sense amplifiers, and apparatus for enabling the second access transistors.
US08441877B2	Semiconductor memory devices including burn-in test circuits A semiconductor memory device includes a memory cell array including a first memory cell coupled to a first bit line and a word line, and a second memory cell coupled to a second bit line and the word line and disposed adjacent to the first memory cell. A controller circuit is configured to provide first and second precharge voltages to the first and second bitlines, respectively. The first precharge voltage is provided as a positive power supply voltage and the second precharge voltage is provided as a negative stress voltage during a burn-in test operation. Related methods of operation are also discussed.
US08441876B2	Memory module including parallel test apparatus A memory module including a plurality of ranks. Each of the ranks includes a parallel test apparatus for simultaneous testing and a parallel test control unit. In response to a parallel test mode control signal, the parallel test apparatus generates first parity data for write data including a plurality of bits and generating first data obtained by replacing a bit value of at least one bit of the plurality of bits of the write data with the first parity data during a write operation, and generates second parity data for the first data and transmitting the second parity data as read data during a read operation. The parallel test control unit controls the write operation and the read operation in a parallel test mode by generating the parallel test mode control signal. Combinations of read data from the plurality of ranks correspond to different bits of the write data.
US08441875B2	Mat compress circuit and semiconductor memory device having the same A mat compress circuit includes a pre-control signal generator that generates a first pre-control signal and a second pre-control signal alternatively activated in response to an up/down bank selection address in a mat compression test, and a control signal transmitter that inverts and transfers the first and second pre-control signals in response to a switching signal activated when there is an input of a block selection address in the mat compression test.
US08441870B2	Data strobe signal output driver for a semiconductor memory apparatus A data strobe signal output driver includes a trigger block, a predriver block, and a main driver block. The trigger block is configured to receive a first signal, a second signal, a first clock and a second clock, and to output a predrive signal based thereon. The predriver block is configured to receive the predrive signal, a driver off signal and a termination enable signal, and to output a first main drive signal and a second main drive signal based thereon. The main driver block is configured to output a data strobe signal based on the first and second main drive signals.
US08441861B2	Self-check calibration of program or erase and verify process using memory cell distribution Apparatus and methods determine a program verify (PV) induced reading parameter distribution. A measured post-PV reading parameter distribution can be compared with an expected post-PV reading parameter distribution. For example, de-convolution can be applied to identify the PV induced reading parameter distribution. Based on the PV-induced reading parameter distribution, adjustments can be made to one or more parameters of the PV process.
US08441860B2	NAND step up voltage switching method Methods and memories having switching points for changing Vstep increments according to a level of a multilevel cell being programmed include programming at a smaller Vstep increment in narrow threshold voltage situations and programming at a larger Vstep increment where faster programming is desired.
US08441856B2	Method of providing an operating voltage in a memory device and a memory controller for the memory device A method of providing an operating voltage in a memory device includes applying a read voltage to a selected word line while applying a first pass voltage to at least one unselected word line among word lines adjacent to the selected word line; and while applying a second pass voltage to the remaining unselected word lines (other than the at least one unselected word line to which the first pass voltage is applied). The level of the first pass voltage is higher than the level of the second pass voltage. The level of the first pass voltage may be set based on the level of the read voltage.
US08441852B2	Stacked memory device and method of fabricating same A stacked semiconductor memory device comprises a semiconductor substrate having a functional circuit, a plurality of memory cell array layers, and at least one connection layer. The memory cell array layers are stacked above the semiconductor substrate. The connection layers are stacked above the semiconductor substrate independent of the memory cell array layers. The connection layers electrically connect memory cell selecting lines arranged on the memory cell array layers to the functional circuit.
US08441848B2	Set pulse for phase change memory programming A memory device and method for programming the memory device, more particularly a single pulse algorithm for programming a phase change memory cell or array. The single pulse can heat the memory cell to above its melting point and reduce in signal level so that the memory cell is crystallized.
US08441847B2	Programming multi-level phase change memory cells A method and a feedback controller for programming at least one multi-level phase-change memory cell with a programming signal. The method and feedback controller include a sequence of write pulses applied to the multi-level phase change memory cell, wherein the feedback controller adjusts in real time at least one parameter of each write pulse as a function of a determined resistance error of the phase-change memory cell with respect to a desired reference resistance level.
US08441846B2	Semiconductor memory device and method for testing the same A semiconductor memory device includes a memory cell array configured to include a plurality of memory cells, a plurality of bit lines respectively coupled to the plurality of memory cells, a first power-supply voltage supplying circuit configured to provide a first power-supply voltage to the memory cell array through the plurality of bit lines, a second power-supply voltage supplying circuit configured to provide a second power-supply voltage to the memory cell array through the plurality of bit lines, a first address selection circuit configured to couple a bit line selected by a first selection address to the first power-supply voltage supplying circuit, and a second address selection circuit configured to couple a bit line selected by a second selection address to the second power-supply voltage supplying circuit.
US08441841B2	Semiconductor device and driving method of semiconductor device An object is to provide a semiconductor device with a novel structure, which can hold stored data even when not powered and which has an unlimited number of write cycles. A semiconductor device includes a memory cell including a widegap semiconductor, for example, an oxide semiconductor and the semiconductor device includes a potential conversion circuit which functions to output a potential lower than a reference potential for reading data from the memory cell. With the use of a widegap semiconductor, a semiconductor device capable of sufficiently reducing the off-state current of a transistor included in a memory cell and capable of holding data for a long time can be provided.
US08441837B2	Variable resistance nonvolatile memory device A nonvolatile resistance variable memory device (100) includes memory cells (M11, M12, . . . ) in each of which a variable resistance element (R11, R12, . . . ) including a variable resistance layer placed between and in contact with a first electrode and a second electrode, and a current steering element (D11, D12, . . . ) including a current steering layer placed between and in contact with a third electrode and a fourth electrode, are connected in series, and the device is driven by a first LR drive circuit (105a1) via a current limit circuit (105b) to decrease resistance of the variable resistance element while the device is driven by a second HR drive circuit (105a2) to increase resistance of the variable resistance element, thus using the current limit circuit (105b) to make a current for decreasing resistance of the variable resistance element lower than a current for increasing resistance of the variable resistance element.
US08441836B2	Sector array addressing for ECC management An addressing scheme for non-volatile memory arrays having short circuit defects that manages the demand for error correction. The scheme generally avoids simultaneous active driving of the row line and column line of the selected cell during write. Instead, only a single row or column line is actively driven at any one time and all other array lines are left floating. In addition, the number of memory cells accessed from a given row or column during a fetch may be limited. The benefits of the scheme include preventing short circuits from drawing excess currents through the array and limiting the frequency of read or write failures caused by short circuits to a manageable number. In one embodiment, the scheme maintains the demand for error correction to within the error correction capability of a flash controller. Exemplary embodiments include phase-change memory arrays.
US08441828B2	Content addressable memory The present invention provides a content addressable memory capable of higher frequency operation than conventional. When a search enable signal supplied from a search control circuit is asserted, each of search line drivers transfers search data to each CAM cell of a CAM memory array via a search line pair. The search line enable signal is transmitted to the search line drivers via a single control signal line coupled to the search control circuit. The control signal line is coupled to the search line drivers in such a manner that the search line enable signal passes through coupling nodes between the search line drivers and the control signal line in an arrangement order of the search line drivers from the side far away as viewed from match amplifiers.
US08441827B2	Power converter assembly having a housing A power converter assembly includes a housing and at least one transistor module. The housing has a liquid cooled heat transfer surface. The at least one transistor module is mounted directly to the liquid cooled heat transfer surface and positioned at least partially within the housing.
US08441824B2	Method and apparatus for regulating AC-DC adaptor for low current drain A method and apparatus for controlling the feed rate of a rectified AC pulses via a gated rectifier in a low DC voltage and current power supply is disclosed. The gated rectifier outputs gated AC pulses to an input capacitor via a current control diode and/or a zener diode and/or a resistor for charging the input capacitor to a voltage level and a charge capacity commensurate with the low voltage regulator and the low DC current drain. A gate capacitor for accumulating incremental charges of rectified AC pulses fed via a divider network is pre-configured to trigger the gated rectifier, timed by discharging the aggregated charge of a predetermined number of charges to the gate. The input capacitor charged by the gated AC pulses at a rate of one per said determined number to the input capacitor feeds the voltage regulator for powering a low DC current consuming device.
US08441817B2	HVDC system including switching arrangements to switch current flow direction An HVDC network including a first station including a first converter, a second station including a second converter, each converter including non-extinguishable semiconducting elements. A first transmission conductor and a second transmission conductor. The first station includes a first switching arrangement.
US08441812B2	Series resonant converter having a circuit configuration that prevents leading current A series resonant converter of the present invention includes an inverter circuit having at least a pair of a first and second switching device connected between two input terminals, a transformer having a primary winding and a secondary winding connected to the inverter circuit, a first and second resonant capacitor connected to a secondary side of the transformer and connected in series to each other between two output terminals, a first and second unidirectional device connected in series to each other, and a resonant induction device that is operated along with the first and second resonant capacitor and resonates in series. The first and second unidirectional device are configured such that current does not flow from the first and second resonant capacitor to the input terminal by preventing electric charge of the first and second resonant capacitor from being discharged to a primary side of the transformer.
US08441810B2	Cascade power system architecture A cascade power system comprises a non-isolated converter in a cascade configuration with an isolated converter and a controller that is coupled with the output of the isolated converter and the switching element of the non-isolated converter. The non-isolated converter steps-down the input voltage to a lower regulated voltage. The isolated converter converts the regulated voltage to a square wave signal that is output to a transformer and the controller. Thus, a the resulting feedback loop comprising the isolated converter, controller and non-isolated converter is completely independent from the output of the system. As a result, a feedback relation can be derived in the form of a feedback algorithm that can effectively regulate/adjust the output of the non-isolated converter and therefore the isolated converter output as well. Further, because the non-isolated converter steps down the voltage and the isolated converter operates on this low stepped down voltage, the system is able to be highly efficient.
US08441808B2	Interposer with microspring contacts An interposer including stress-engineered nonplanar microsprings may provide interconnection of bonding pads of electronic structures disposed above and below the interposer. The lateral offset between an anchor portion of a microspring disposed for contact at a bottom surface of the interposer and the tip of the microspring located in a free portion of the microspring for contact and deflection over a top surface of the interposer permits the interconnection of devices having different bonding pad pitches. Microspring contacts at the free portion permit temporary interconnection of devices, while solder applied over the free portion permit permanent connection of devices to the interposer.
US08441806B2	Circuit board and semiconductor module A circuit board comprises a first conductive post for electrically connecting to the first electrode of the semiconductor device, a first metal plate connecting to the first conductive post, a second conductive post for electrically connecting to the second electrode of the semiconductor device, a second metal plate connecting to the second conductive post, a third conductive post for electrically connecting to the third electrode of the semiconductor device, and a third metal plate connecting to the third conductive post.
US08441802B2	Base for an electronic card and associated extraction device A base for an electronic card includes at least one slot adapted for accommodating an electronic card with an extraction lever installed rotatably in relation thereto and adapted for pivoting between a first position and a second position. The lever has a support end adapted for coming to rest on a support element of the base in order to extract the electronic card from the base when the lever changes from the first to the second position. The support element has a first state in which the extraction lever does not bear on the support element when changing from the first position to the second position, and a second state, in which the lever bears on the support element when changing from the first to the second position. This creates a movement for extraction of the card through the support end along a support direction.
US08441801B2	Flexible mount system A user panel assembly includes a printed circuit board (PCB), a panel element, a flexible connector and a mounting element. The flexible connector is configured to enable electrical communication between the panel element and the PCB. The mounting element includes a plurality of slots on which the panel element can be mounted. An overlay is configured to conceal a subset of the plurality of slots.
US08441800B2	Vehicle-mounted electronic device Disclosed is a vehicle-mounted electronic device wherein heat generated from a heat-generating electronic device can be efficiently released without redesigning various kinds of components even if an input/output signal array for a terminal of a connector is changed. The vehicle-mounted electronic device is comprised of a lower housing (2b) having a bottom surface, a part of which is opened; a connector (3) which is projected from an opening (2c) of the lower housing (2b), and which can be connected to an outside device which inputs/outputs electric signals and an outside power source which supplies electric power; a circuit board (5) which is provided within the lower housing (2b), and is electrically connected to the connector (3) to process signals using electric signals and electric power; a metal wiring plate (7) composed of a plurality of metal wires, which is provided within the lower housing (2b) on the side adjacent to the bottom surface of the lower housing (2b), and has an end portion projected from the lower housing (2b) to electrically connect to the circuit board; and heat-generating electronic components (6), the bottom surfaces of which are coupled to a part of the metal wires in the metal wiring plate (7). The thickness of the metal wires coupled to the bottom surfaces of the heat-generating electronic components (6) in the metal wiring plate (7) is larger than the thickness of the terminal of the connector (3).
US08441795B2	High power band pass RF filter having a gas tube for surge suppression A high power band pass RF filtering device having a housing defining an interior chamber and having one or more walls for substantially dividing the interior chamber into one or more sections. A circuit with filtering components for achieving strong attenuation of out-of-band signals is disposed within the interior chamber, certain components of the circuit being separated from one another by the walls. Ports on the housing electrically connect to a respective input node and output node of the circuit and also connect to surge protection elements for dissipating surge conditions present at the ports. A non-surge signal can travel between the ports and through the filtering components. An oil or other fluid is disposed and completely contained within the housing and contacts the circuit components for cooling the circuit components.
US08441794B2	Liquid cooler and method of its manufacture A liquid cooler including a heat sink. A hollow body is produced by extrusion having at least one flat outer surface between a first and a second end. At least one elongated cavity passes through the body from the first to the second end. The hollow body includes a plurality of parallel fins directed into and along the at least one cavity. An insert housed in the at least one cavity connects the tops of the fins in a fluid-tight manner thereby forming liquid channels for a coolant liquid between the insert and the hollow body. A lid is attached at both ends of the hollow body for forming a liquid cooling system.
US08441792B2	Universal conduction cooling platform Disclosed is an embodiment of a module for insertion between a first shelf and a second shelf of a rack based processing system. The module includes a first thermal plate substantially parallel to a second thermal plate. An inner surface of the first thermal plate faces an inner surface of the second plate and an outer surface of each of the first and second thermal plates faces opposite to the respective inner surfaces. Each thermal plate is configured to thermally couple to one or more component units locatable between the inner surfaces of the first and second thermal plates.
US08441788B2	Server A server including a rack, chassis, a power module, first copper columns, and second copper columns is provided. The rack has a front end and an opposite back end. The chassis are disposed in the rack and suitable for being pulled out from the front end. Each chassis contains a motherboard module. The power module is disposed in the rack. The first copper columns are fixed on the rack, electrically connected to the power module, and are suitable for electrically connecting an external power supply. The second copper columns are fixed on the rack and electrically connected to the power module and the motherboard modules. A high voltage from the external power supply is transmitted to the power module via the first copper columns. The power module converts the high voltage into a low voltage and transmits the low voltage to the motherboard modules via the second copper columns.
US08441787B2	EZconnect tablet/stylus PC portable docking accessory with I/O ports A portable docking accessory that contains an attachably detachable mechanically rigid means for providing a Tablet Pc user a host of I/O interconnect solutions that allows continuous mobile use in an ergonomic and aesthetically appropriate form factor.
US08441786B2	Electronic connectors and form factor adapters for electronic components A system and method for installing a peripheral device on a printed circuit board (PCB) is provided. In the system and method, the PCB has a board connector portion and the peripheral device has a device connector portion. The method includes providing a connector adapter housing enclosing a first mating portion configured for mating with the board connector portion and a second mating portion configured for mating with the device connector portion. The method also includes engaging the second mating portion with the device connector portion to position the first mating portion to extend substantially perpendicular to the surface of the PCB. The method further includes depositing the peripheral on the PCB using a motion substantially perpendicular to the surface of the PCB, the motion engaging the board connector portion and the first mating portion.
US08441785B2	Electronic apparatus and personal computer An electronic apparatus includes: a housing that is provided with an opening at a bottom face thereof; a printed circuit board accommodated in the housing; a first lid member that is detachably arranged so as to cover the opening; a disk drive that is mounted in a lower position than the printed circuit board inside the opening in a state where the first lid member is removed from the opening; and a second lid member that is detachably arranged so as to cover the opening in a state where the disk drive is mounted inside the opening, wherein the second lid member has a storage section, and the disk drive is stored in the storage section.
US08441783B2	Information-processing equipment There is provided a laptop personal computer comprising: a first chassis 11 accommodating a display section and having a basic shape of substantially rectangle in a planar view; a second chassis 31 accommodating an operation control section and having a basic shape of substantially rectangle in a planar view; and a hinge mechanism 20 for coupling one side 31r of the second chassis and one side 11r of the first chassis and supporting both chassis in a relatively openable and closable manner, wherein the first chassis is provided with a projection part 19 at an edge portion of an other side 11f opposing to the one side 11r, the projection part is formed along the other side and projects to the second chassis side in a state where the first chassis is closed together with the second chassis.
US08441781B2	Vibration dampening structure for electronic device An electronic device includes a casing, a fan bracket and a fan module. The casing includes a top plate and a bottom plate spaced from and facing the top plate. The fan bracket is mounted on the bottom plate. The fan module includes a fan, a fan holder enclosing the fan therein, and two vibration dampening structures mounted on opposite top and bottom sides of the fan holder. The fan holder is engaged in the fan bracket. The vibration structures protrude beyond the top and bottom sides of the fan holder and abut the top plate and the bottom plate of the casing, respectively.
US08441776B2	Solid electrolytic capacitor comprising two protective polymer films An aspect of the invention provides a solid electrolyte capacitor that comprises: an anode body; a dielectric layer formed on the surface of the anode body; a first polymer film formed on the dielectric layer and containing a first polymer; a second polymer film formed on the first polymer film and containing a second polymer that is different from the first polymer; a conducting polymer layer formed on the second polymer film and containing a conducting polymer that is different from the second polymer; and a cathode layer formed on the conducting polymer layer, wherein the first polymer film has a larger work function than that of the conducting polymer layer.
US08441774B2	Capacitance element, printed circuit board, semiconductor package, and semiconductor circuit A capacitive element that can efficiently reduce high-frequency noise generated in a circuit is provided. A capacitive element 1 includes a capacitive formation portion 100, which is formed in the shape of a loop to separate the inside from the outside. The capacitive formation portion 100 includes an electrode 110, an opposite electrode 111, and a dielectric layer 120. One or more outgoing terminals (one or more outer circumference outgoing terminals 140, and one or more internal circumference outgoing terminals 130) are provided at the outer and inner circumferences of the electrode 110, respectively. A printed wiring board is made by mounting the capacitive element inside the board or on the surface of the board. A semiconductor package is made by putting the capacitive element 1 on a target semiconductor circuit portion. Moreover, a semiconductor circuit is made by placing the capacitive element on a target functional circuit portion 301.
US08441770B2	Voltage spikes control for power converters A novel inductive overvoltage suppression circuit for power converters is presented. High amplitude voltage spikes are generally occurring in high frequency power converters in presence of small parasitic inductances coupled to the power distribution rails, in correspondence of the switching transitions, particularly when high load currents are required. The presented invention proposes active clamps to limit the amplitude of the overvoltage. Furthermore the excess energy in the parasitic inductances is utilized to provide energy and/or a signal to determine when to turn on the next phase power device with the fastest transition possible without incurring in cross-conduction currents in the power stage of the converter, thus improving its overall performance, and circuit reliability in addition to achieving high conversion efficiency.
US08441768B2	Systems and methods for independent self-monitoring An Intelligent Electronic Device (IED), such as a protective relay, may monitor and/or protect an electrical power system by detecting fault conditions using stimulus inputs from the electrical power system. The IED may operate (take protective actions) when fault conditions are detected. A monitoring device may supervise the IED. The monitoring device may detect power system disturbances independently of the IED, using the same stimulus inputs (or a subset thereof) used by the IED to implement its protection function(s). The monitoring device may supervise the IED using hard-coded supervision, soft-coded supervision, and/or user-configurable supervision. The IED may be prevented from operating outside of an operating window defined by the monitoring device. Components of the monitoring device may be separated and/or isolated from the IED, such that a failure in certain IED components may not cause a simultaneous failure or malfunction of the monitoring device.
US08441766B2	Apparatus for fault tolerant digital outputs An output termination board for a safety system is disclosed herein. The termination board provides simplified wiring between the output modules and the remote devices operated by the controller in the system. Redundant output signals are generated within each pair of output modules and combined such that one control signal is sent to each remote device. In addition, a program executing on the controller of the safety system performs a test to determine if each output module is operating normally. If the program detects a fault in either output module, the safety system may alternately shut down according to a fail-safe procedure or continue operating under a fault-tolerant mode of operation.
US08441762B2	Magnetic head suspension having a supporting part with connecting beams In a magnetic head suspension according to the present invention, each of paired right and left connecting beams that are positioned on both sides of an open section, with which paired piezoelectric elements are at least partially overlapped in a plan view, in a suspension width direction and connect a proximal end section that is directly or indirectly connected to a main actuator and a distal end section to which the load bending part is connected includes proximal-side and distal-side beams. The distal-side beam is inclined with respect to the proximal-side beam in a plan view such that a connection point between the proximal-side and distal-side beams is located closer to a suspension longitudinal center line relative to a virtual line connecting the proximal end of the proximal-side beam and the distal end of the distal-side beam.
US08441761B1	Hard disk drive suspension with reduced PSA change due to humidity and temperature variations In a disk drive suspension circuit, in order to improve stability of the stable pitch static attitude (PSA) over changes in humidity, the suspended portion of the flexible circuit and/or the gimbal support arm are modified to change their response(s) to humidity. In one embodiment, hygroscopic material such as the material of the insulating layer are added to the stainless steel gimbal support arm, so that in response to humidity it bends in the opposite direction as the suspended portion of the circuit. In another embodiment, additional hygroscopic material is added to the circuit, and/or the polyimide insulating layer or the coverlayer are selectively removed, so that the net bend in the suspended portion of the circuit over humidity is reduced, ideally to a condition of zero or close to zero net bending.
US08441758B2	Self-assembly structures used for fabricating patterned magnetic media Methods of defining servo patterns and data patterns for forming patterned magnetic media are described. For one method, a lithographic process is performed to define a servo pattern in servo regions on a substrate. The lithographic process also defines a first data pattern in data regions of the substrate. The first data pattern is then transferred to (i.e., etched into) the data regions. Self-assembly structures are then formed on the data pattern in the data regions to define a second data pattern. The servo pattern is then transferred to the servo regions and the second data pattern is transferred to the data regions. Thus, the servo pattern is defined through lithographic processes while the data pattern is defined by a combination of lithographic processes and self-assembly.
US08441757B2	Perpendicular magnetic write head with wrap-around shield, slanted pole and slanted pole bump fabricated by damascene process A magnetic write head having a write pole with a tapered trailing edge. The write head has a non-magnetic step layer and a non-magnetic bump formed on the front edge of the magnetic step layer. A non-magnetic trailing gap layer is formed over the tapered trailing edge of the write pole and over the non-magnetic bump and over the non-magnetic step layer. A magnetic trailing shield is formed over at least a portion of the non-magnetic gap layer.
US08441752B1	Dibit pulse extraction methods and systems A receiving device may be configured to derive an oversampled dibit pulse response estimate using symbols sampled at substantially the read channel symbol rate of the receiving device. The receiving device may include a data acquisition circuit configured to digitize data derived from a memory medium, as well as a dibit pulse estimation circuit configured to estimate the oversampled dibit pulse response using symbols sampled at the read channel rate of the receiving device.
US08441751B1	Dibit pulse extraction methods and systems A receiving device may be configured to derive an oversampled dibit pulse response estimate using symbols sampled at substantially the read channel symbol rate of the receiving device. The receiving device may include a data acquisition circuit configured to digitize data derived from a memory medium, a symbol timing loop and read circuit, as well as a dibit pulse estimation circuit configured to estimate the oversampled dibit pulse response using symbols sampled at the read channel rate of the receiving device without disturbing the symbol timing loop and read circuit.
US08441748B2	Adjustable optical mount with locking devices and methods An adjustable optical mount embodiment includes a first plate configured to mount an optical element and a second plate disposed adjacent the first plate with a pivot point between the plates. At least one adjustable threaded member has a contact end in contact with a rear surface of the first plate and a threaded outer surface in threaded engagement with a threaded bore of the second plate. A lock collar having a threaded bore in threaded engagement with a threaded outer surface of the adjustable threaded member which extends from a rear surface of the second plate has a torqueable surface disposed at an adjustment end which is configured to be engaged for the application of torque from a rearward position relative to the adjustable optical mount.
US08441747B2	Optical module with minimized overrun of the optical element There is provided an optical module for microlithography. The optical module includes an optical element and a retaining device for holding the optical element. The optical element has (a) a main extension plane, in which it defines a radial direction R and a circumferential direction U, and (b) a free optical diameter and an overrun in the region of its outer periphery. The retaining device contacts the optical element in the region of the overrun, and is formed and/or contacts the optical element in such a manner that the overrun ratio, calculated from the overrun related to a minimum overrun necessary for the production of the optical element, is at most 1.5.
US08441744B2	Optical image system An optical image system includes, in order from an object side to an image side, a first lens element with positive refractive power and having a convex object-side surface, a second lens element with positive refractive power, a third lens element with negative refractive power and having a concave object-side surface and a convex image-side surface, and a fourth lens element with refractive power and having a concave image-side surface. By such an arrangement, the total track length and photosensitivity of the image capturing lens assembly can be effectively reduced while retaining a high image quality.
US08441743B2	Image pickup optical system and image pickup apparatus using the same An image pickup optical system made of five lenses, includes in order from an object side, an aperture stop, a first lens L1 having a positive refracting power, a second lens L2 having a negative refracting power, a third lens L3 having a positive refracting power, a fourth lens L4 having a positive refracting power, and a fifth lens L5 having a negative refracting power. Moreover, an image pickup apparatus includes this image pickup optical system.
US08441737B2	Variable focus lens and spectacles The invention provides a variable focus lens formed from a ring with a front surface and a rear surface, a flexible membrane is attached to a radially inner part of the front surface, and a front cover is attached to a radially outer part of the front surface, a rear cover is provided on the rear surface of the ring, preferably integral with the ring, so that a variable volume cavity is defined between the flexible membrane, the ring and the rear cover, second flexible membrane can be provided between the ring and the rear cover, where the invention also provides a method of filling a variable focus lens, and an adjustment mechanism for varying the focus of the lens.
US08441735B2	Optical element having internal inclusions configured for maximum conversion efficiency An optical element comprises a body having opposed planar major surfaces with a plurality of open-mouthed inclusions (grooves) formed on its light output surface. Each groove has a closed apex with an included apex angle. The body is formed from a material having an index of refraction of at least 1.3 and an induced absorbance rate ΔAbs/Dose less than or equal to about 0.4. The apex angle is selected such that light incident upon the body is conveyed the light output surface by the mechanism of total internal reflection from the boundary walls of the grooves and/or without retro-reflection toward the incident surface.
US08441724B2	IR filters with high VLT and neutral color An optical filter composite is provided having effective filtering of infrared emissions, such as solar or laser emissions, while providing very high visible light transmission, preserving the ability to differentiate and recognize colors and providing a pleasing overall color as compared to the prior art. The present invention provides for filters that are formed by lamination, infusion and/or coating processes using filtering assemblies having a neutral color with high visible light transmission while also producing high levels of filtration in the infrared and near infrared range to provide effective protection against harmful emissions in these ranges while also producing a filter that has a color that is more pleasing and desirable to the wearer.
US08441723B2	Scalable semiconductor waveguide amplifier One embodiment of the present method and apparatus encompasses an apparatus that may have: a predetermined length, the self-imaging semiconductor waveguide having first and second opposed sides; quantum wells disposed within the self-imaging semiconductor waveguide along the length of the self-imaging semiconductor waveguide, the quantum wells being formed of a quantum well gain material; microchannel cooler that extends substantially the width of the self-imaging semiconductor waveguide, the microchannel cooler located adjacent the first side of the self-imaging semiconductor waveguide; and a plurality of pump arrays arranged along the microchannel cooler opposed from the first side of the self-imaging semiconductor waveguide; wherein the quantum well gain material is photopumped through the microchannel cooler.
US08441722B2	Amplifier optical fiber comprising nanoparticles and production method An amplifier optical fiber comprising a central core of a dielectric matrix doped with at least one element ensuring the amplification of an optical signal transmitted in the fiber and a cladding surrounding the central core and suitable for confining the optical signal transmitted in the core. The fiber also comprises metallic nanostructures suitable for generating an electronic surface resonance in the dielectric matrix of central core, the wavelength of said electronic surface resonance corresponding to an excitation level of the element ensuring the amplification.
US08441713B2	Electrophoretic liquid and display device using electrophoretic liquid An electrophoretic liquid is disclosed that includes first particles that have the property of scattering light over an entire visible range and are positively or negatively charged; second particles that have the property of absorbing light of a specific wavelength range in the visible range and scattering light of ranges other than the specific wavelength range and are charged to a polarity opposite to that of the first particles; and a dispersion medium that has the property of allowing the light of the specific wavelength range absorbed by the second particles to pass through and absorbing the light of the ranges other than the specific wavelength range. In the electrophoretic liquid, the first particles and the second particles are dispersed in the dispersion medium.
US08441712B2	Switchable display system A display system for a portable device is switchable by electrical addressing. The display system can absorb ambient light and reflect at least a portion of the absorbed light to render an image on a surface of the display. The display includes a plurality of pixel electrodes. Each of the plurality of pixel electrodes includes linkers with acceptor molecules and donor molecules that form groups having respective color properties. In an off-state, a respective pixel is configured to reflect white light. In an on-state, a respective pixel is configured to reflect light according to the molecular grouping of the acceptor-donor group.
US08441709B2	Light control device and light control method A light control device 1 includes a light source 10, a prism 20, a spatial light modulator 30, a drive unit 31, a control unit 32, a lens 41, an aperture 42, and a lens 43. The spatial light modulator 30 is a phase modulating spatial light modulator, includes a plurality of two-dimensionally arrayed pixels, is capable of phase modulation in each of these pixels in a range of 4π or more, and presents a phase pattern to modulate the phase of light in each of the pixels. This phase pattern is produced by superimposing a blazed grating pattern for light diffraction and a phase pattern having a predetermined phase modulation distribution, and with a phase modulation range of 2π or more.
US08441707B2	Variable transmittance optical filter and uses thereof Variable transmittance optical filters capable of transitioning from a light state to a dark state on exposure to UV radiation and from a dark state to a light state with application of an electric voltage are provided. The optical filters comprise a switching material that comprises one or more chromophores that have electrochromic and photochromic properties.
US08441706B2	Optical module, optical control method by optical module, optical switch, and optical switching method An optical module includes a mirror which reflects input light and which outputs output light; and a mirror control section which is opposite to the mirror and which controls, at the time of the input light being reflected from a reflecting surface of the mirror, the reflecting surface by distorting the reflecting surface according to voltage applied to the mirror so as to output the output light an optical coupling characteristic of which changes. By using this optical module, the optical coupling characteristic of the output light changes.
US08441705B2	Rotary construction laser with stepper motor A rotary construction laser is disclosed. The rotary construction laser having a deflection device rotatably mounted around an axis of rotation for emitting laser light as well as a stepper motor for rotating the deflection device around the axis of rotation.
US08441704B2	Multibeam scanning device A multibeam scanning device, comprising: a plurality of first optical systems, each of the plurality of optical systems including a light source unit configured to emit a non-collimated light beam, and an optical element having a predetermined power and having an optical effect on the laser beam; a second optical system arranged on a downstream side of the plurality of first optical systems, including a first deflector on which light beams emitted by the plurality of first optical systems are incident, the first deflector being to deflect the laser beams, and a common optical system configured to change degree of divergence of each of the plurality of light beams; and an optical path shifting system configured to translate an incident optical path of the light beam which is emitted by the light source and incident on the optical element is provided.
US08441703B2	Method and device for holographically reconstructing a scene A holographic reconstruction device is designed such that visible resolution of the reconstruction of a scene is matched to the resolution capability of the human eye, to the imaging properties of the reconstruction means used or to the resolution capability of the light modulation means used. A grid scale for the object points is generated by system control means in each case in a plane of intersection, which grid scale cannot be used to separately resolve adjacent object points in the plane of intersection, and the compilation of object points of the respective plane of intersection to form an object point group with adjacent object points which can be separately resolved is carried out. In holographic displays, the invention is used to reduce speckle patterns and reduce the number of the holograms of object points of the scene, which are to be calculated and coded, and the calculation complexity.
US08441701B2	Image processing apparatus, image processing method, image processing program, and storage medium An image processing apparatus includes an obtaining unit, a determination unit, a setting unit, and a processing unit to perform an image edge intensifying processing. The obtaining unit obtains image data by reading a document. The determination unit determines an image edge direction. The setting unit sets an edge intensifying processing intensity based on the image data and a processing intensity determined corresponding to a difference between resolution in a main scanning direction and resolution in a sub-scanning direction. The processing unit performs the image edge intensifying processing according to the set intensity. In response to the resolution of the image data being higher in the sub-scanning direction than in the main scanning direction, the setting unit sets a higher intensity of the edge intensifying processing in response to the edge direction being along the sub-scanning direction than in response to the edge direction being along the main scanning direction.
US08441700B2	Image processing of a portion of multiple patches of a colorbar An image processing apparatus for use with a printed substrate is disclosed. The image processing apparatus comprises an imaging device configured to receive light reflected from a portion of multiple patches of a colorbar on the printed substrate and configured to process color data from the light reflected from the portion of multiple patches of the colorbar.
US08441695B2	Handheld scanner with high image quality A computer peripheral that may operate as a scanner. The scanner captures image frames as it is moved across an object. The image frames are formed into a composite image based on computations in two processes. In a first process, fast track processing determines a coarse position of each of the image frames based on a relative position between each successive image frame and a respective preceding image determine by matching overlapping portions of the image frames. In a second process, fine position adjustments are computed to reduce inconsistencies from determining positions of image frames based on relative positions to multiple prior image frames. When the determined position of multiple image frames overlap, pixels in the composite image may be formed by combing values of pixels in the image frames, which improves image quality of the composite image.
US08441693B2	Information processing apparatus, method, and program for selecting dynamic information with high priority for latent image printing An information processing apparatus that generates print data sent to a printing device acquires variable information from a plurality of devices, the variable information being finalized when the printing device carries out printing. The apparatus selects variable information from the plural pieces of variable information acquired from the plurality of devices in accordance with its own operation environment and operating location. The apparatus then adds the selected variable information to the print data and outputs the resultant.
US08441691B2	Reducing the size of a high resolution profile lookup table What is disclosed is a system and method for generating a destination profile LUT. In a manner more fully described herein, a high resolution LUT (e.g., 100-cube LUT) is received. Regions of high curvature of the gamut of an image output device are identified. A non-parametric dynamic optimization node selection method is utilized to select a subset of nodes from the high resolution profile LUT which captures these nonlinearities. Down-sampling the high resolution LUT produces a low resolution LUT. The low resolution LUT is up-sampled to a size of the high resolution LUT to obtain a reconstructed LUT. An error is then calculated between the reconstructed LUT and high resolution LUT. The process of node selection is iteratively repeated until all the subsets of nodes are considered. A destination profile LUT is then generated from the subset of nodes with the least error.
US08441689B2	Image data creation device, image data creation method and ink-jet system A host PC that creates image data used in an ink-jet printer capable of landing ink with a multi-pass method includes an image data creation means that creates the image data so that the ink-jet printer forms an image with a halftone dot which is configured so that a relationship between a pass number and a dot pitch in a vertical scanning direction of an ink-jet head does not become an integral multiple relationship when the pass number is odd number, and a dot pitch does not become even number when the pass number is even number.
US08441687B2	Image processing apparatus, image processing method, and program An image processing apparatus which may include a grayscale modulator forming a ΔΣ modulator. The modulator may include an adder that adds the pixel value of an image and an output of a feedback arithmetic unit, a quantizing unit that quantizes an output of the adder and outputs a quantized value including a quantization error as the result of ΔΣ modulation, a subtractor that calculates the quantization error, and the feedback arithmetic unit that filters the quantization error and outputs the filtering result to the adder. The filter coefficient of filtering by the feedback arithmetic unit may be determined such that the amplitude characteristics of noise shaping by the ΔΣ modulator in a frequency band that is equal to or more than an intermediate frequency band are the inverse characteristics of the spatial frequency characteristics of the human eye.
US08441686B2	Image forming apparatus An image forming apparatus includes a scanning unit which scans a light beam on a photosensitive member in accordance with image data, and a smoothing unit which performs a smoothing for a jaggy of a scan line of a light beam scanned on the photosensitive member by the scanning unit. The smoothing unit does not perform the smoothing when the scanning unit scans a light beam in accordance with image data representing a halftone image.
US08441685B2	Optimal spot color recipes using variable GCR profiles What is disclosed is a novel system and method for obtaining optimum CMYK values for spot colors, with significantly lower computational effort, by using a set of printer profiles with different pre-computed GCR strategies. Various versions are discussed on how to utilize and/or choose among these profiles for each spot color. The present invention is applicable to spot color emulation for CMYK as well as N-color printing, and can be used to optimize one or more image quality attributes, including graininess, mottle, color stability, ink cost, etc. Various embodiments are disclosed.
US08441683B2	Image processing apparatus, image processing method, and recording medium for correcting the density at an edge of an image to be printed An image processing apparatus and image processing method perform adaptive correction at edges of an image to be printed in accordance with the conditions of output equipment outputting an image to be printed. The image processing apparatus includes: a printed sample generating component for generating a printed sample having a plurality of gray scale regions for correcting gray scale at edges of the image to be printed; a gray scale region selecting component for selecting from the printed sample generated by the printed sample generating component a gray scale region for realizing visually uniform gray scale at the edges; and an edge image correcting component for correcting edge regions of the image to be printed in accordance with a gray level of the gray scale region selected by the gray scale region selecting component.
US08441681B2	Printing apparatus for printing composite image, print data generating apparatus for generating print data of composite image, and print data generating program for generating print data of composite image A printing apparatus, which prints a composite image formed of an enlargement portion and a non-enlargement portion of an original image on a printing medium, includes: an enlargement portion determining section which determines the enlargement portion, of the original image, which is to be enlarged in the composite image; an enlargement rate determining section which determines an enlargement rate of the enlargement portion with respect to the original image; a print data generating section which generates print data for printing the composite image based on image data of the original image, the enlargement portion determined by the enlargement portion determining section, and the enlargement rate determined by the enlargement rate determining section; and a printing mechanism which prints the composite image on the printing medium based on the print data generated by the print data generating section.
US08441680B2	Black point compensation in a TIPP architecture A method for calibrating an image printing system that includes a plurality of parallel printers, where each of the printers has a minimum luminance value. The method includes determining a minimum luminance value profile for the plurality of printers in the image printing system based on the minimum luminance values of each of the printers in the image printing system, determining a black point compensation function based on the determined minimum luminance value profile, adjusting luminance values for input image data using the determined black point compensation function, and rendering, with the parallel printers, images on substrates based on the input image data with adjusted luminance levels.
US08441676B2	Information processing apparatus for removing blank portions from a document and taking print setting into consideration In a case where both a first group and a second group obtainable by dividing a head rendering object of a second page can be disposed on a same surface of a same paper, the head rendering object of the second page is divided into the first group and the second group and the first group is located on the first page.
US08441675B2	Image processing apparatus, image processing method and image forming apparatus thereof An image processing apparatus includes an image processor which generates printing data of a document displayed as a preview image and a controller which controls the image processor to generate the printing data from which a hidden region is excluded, the hidden region not being displayed when the document is previewed.
US08441672B2	Image forming apparatus and scanned data process method An information processing system including an information processing apparatus that selects between transferring data and obtaining data, and controls transferring data or obtaining data based on the selection. The system also includes a server that stores data transferred from the information processing apparatus, and controls transferring data to the information processing apparatus based on a request for transferring data received from the information processing apparatus.
US08441670B2	In-line system for the validation of a page description language within a print data stream The present specification discloses a printer in which the printer performs a first analysis of a print job data to identify a page description language and if no page description language is identified by the first analysis, performs additional processing activities, including but not limited to spooling and parsing, concurrent to a second analysis of the entire print job data to identify a page description language.
US08441668B2	Permanence estimation and policy enforcement for transient printing A computer-implemented method can include receiving a transient printing policy and enforcing the transient printing policy. Enforcement of the transient printing policy can include receiving a request to print a document and, based on the transient printing policy, providing a printing recommendation for the document.
US08441665B2	Print system including image-forming apparatus for providing workflow An image-forming apparatus is capable of communicating with a server apparatus for performing a workflow. The image-forming apparatus includes a receiving unit configured to receive definition information of a flow defined in a workflow from the server apparatus and a control unit configured to control display of a screen of the image-forming apparatus based on the flow definition information received by the receiving unit. The image-forming apparatus further includes a notification unit configured to notify the server apparatus of a completion of the flow by the image-forming apparatus.
US08441662B2	Print driver for printing policy-enabled electronic documents using locked printing An approach is provided for printing policy-enabled electronic documents using locked printing. A client device includes a user interface, an application program and a print driver. The application program allows a user to generate an electronic document. The print driver corresponds to a particular printing device and is configured to cause a graphical user interface to be displayed on the user interface. The graphical user interface allows a user to specify one or more access policies to be applied to the electronic document. The print driver is configured to generate print data that includes a plurality of print commands which, when processed by the particular printing device, cause a printed version of the electronic document to be generated at the printing device. The print data includes data that indicates the one or more attributes of the one or more access policies that are to be applied to the electronic document.
US08441660B2	Apparatus and method for print job redirection An apparatus and method for print job redirection is disclosed. The method can include providing print job forwarding preference options. The print job forwarding preference options can include options for print job preferences based on printing device capabilities. The method can include receiving print job forwarding preferences at a printing device. The print job forwarding preferences can include at least one mandatory print job preference that specifies a mandatory printing device capability for a specific print job and at least one desirable print job preference that specifies a desirable printing device capability for the specific print job. The method can include determining whether the specific print job requires forwarding from the printing device to another printing device. The method can include forwarding the specific print job for printing if the specific print job requires forwarding.
US08441659B2	Execution of function-restricted process flow An image processing apparatus that enables a user who is restricted in use of a function to use the restricted function easily and exactly only for a specific process flow. A function restriction unit restricts execution of a function of the image processing apparatus based on restriction information set for every user. A process-flow generation unit generates a process that is achieved by combining a plurality of functions as a process flow according to an instruction from a user. An authentication unit authenticates the user according to his user account. A storage unit stores a process flow that is generated by the process-flow generation unit according to an instruction from an authenticated first user as a process flow on which a second user who is restricted in use of at least one of functions included in the process flow can issue an execution instruction to an execution unit.
US08441658B2	Printing device A printing device for printing on an image-receiving sheet includes an output unit for outputting printed image-receiving sheets to a finishing device. An interface is configured to connect to the finishing device. The interface is arranged for receiving an error signal from the finishing device. A communication unit outputs an error message to a user of the printing device. A control unit controls, when an error signal is received from the finishing device via the interface, a finisher error recovery procedure, wherein an error message is output to the user of the printing device by the communication unit. The error message contains the information that a number N of image-receiving sheets shall be removed from the finishing device, and the number N of the last printed image-receiving sheets are printed again. The number N is pre-configured in the control unit independently of the error signal received from the finishing device.
US08441655B2	Job-ticket optimized rendering A print controller in a printing system includes a reprogrammable page description language (PDL) processor that defines a page-break function. The print controller also includes a job ticket interpreter. The print controller receives a printable file in the page description language that contains logical pages indicated by page-break indicators. The job ticket interpreter receives a job ticket associated with the printable file and containing layout parameters for the logical pages. The job ticket interpreter re-defines the page-break function in the PDL processor so that the print controller prints a plurality of the logical pages without referencing the job ticket for each page. In some embodiments, the PDL processor is a PostScript processor and the job ticket interpreter is a JDF interpreter encoded as a PostScript program interpreted by the PostScript interpreter.
US08441651B2	Defect inspection apparatus and defect inspection method Disclosed herein is a defect inspection apparatus including: a light source for emitting laser light; a mirror group for splitting the wave surface of incident laser light emitted by the light source into a plurality of component wave surfaces, arranging the component wave surfaces to form an array oriented in one direction and aligning the component wave surfaces to form a single wave surface after propagating the laser light through a moving object of measurement; an interferometer for splitting the single wave surface into two partial wave surfaces to create an interference stripe; an imaging section for taking an image of the interference stripe created by the interferometer; and an analysis section for detecting a defect existing on the surface of the moving object of measurement on the basis of changes of the image, which has been taken as the image of the interference stripe, with the lapse of time.
US08441648B2	Calibration jig for optical tomographic imaging apparatus and method for generating a calibration conversion table A calibration jig allowing simple and repeatable calibration of a probe optical tomographic apparatus is disclosed. The jig includes a holding member removably attachable to an attachment section of the apparatus and a reflective surface held by the holding member. The reflective surface reflects measurement light emitted from an emitting section of the attachment section and directs reflected light back to the emitting section. If a probe of the apparatus is covered with a sheath, the jig may include a light transmitting member, which generates the same dispersion as dispersion at the sheath, between the emitting section and the reflective surface. The reflective surface may be a single reflective surface disposed within an area corresponding to twice a coherence length of the laser light with a zero path position of the reflective surface being the center of the area.
US08441643B2	Manufacturing and testing techniques for electronic displays A method for testing photosensitivity of an electronic display module, such as a liquid crystal display module, is provided. In one embodiment, a method includes exposing a display module to light at a first intensity and measuring an amount of light transmitted through the display module. The method may also include exposing the display module to light at a second intensity and measuring an amount of that light transmitted through the display module. The measured amounts may then be compared to determine an optical property, such as photosensitivity, of the display panel. Various other methods, systems, and manufactures are also disclosed.
US08441642B2	Color measuring device A color measuring device includes a lighting arrangement for a measurement field of a measurement object to be measured, a pick-up arrangement for detecting the measurement light reflected back from the measurement field and for converting it into corresponding electric signals, an electronic circuit for controlling operation of the color measuring device and for processing and evaluating the electric signals, and a display for displaying measurement results. The lighting arrangement has a lamp ring with three identical lamp groups for illuminating the measurement field from a predefined range of angles of incidence. The pick-up arrangement has a digital camera which creates an image of the measured measurement field. The electronic circuit is designed to switch the light sources of the lamp groups on sequentially, and the camera creates a separate image of the measurement field for every switched-on light source.
US08441638B2	Apparatus to measure particle mobility in solution with scattered and unscattered light A method and apparatus are disclosed for measurement of the electrophoretic mobility of particles in solution. A sample is placed in a cell containing two electrodes that apply an alternating electric field. A monochromatic light beam passes through the sample. Light scattered by the particles, along with the unscattered beam, is collected and collimated as it exits the cell. This beam is combined in free space with a phase modulated reference beam. The interference forms a frequency modulated speckle pattern, which is detected by a photodetector array. Each array element collects a narrow range of well-defined scattering angles. The signal from each is demodulated to provide a measurement of the electrophoretic mobility of the scattering particles. Each detector element provides a simultaneous independent measurement, increasing the amount of information which results in increased sensitivity, extending mobility measurements to particles below one nanometer while reducing the required concentration and electric field.
US08441636B2	Nanoparticle detector The present technology provides a nanoparticle detector that includes a nanoparticle collector that is configured to collect a volume of air that includes nanoparticles and a light source that is configured to transmit light through the volume of air. The nanoparticle detector further includes a first light-receiving element that is configured to receive at least a portion of the transmitted light and to detect characteristics of the nanoparticles within the volume of air based on scattering properties of the transmitted light.
US08441633B2	Multiple-photon excitation light sheet illumination microscope An apparatus for and method of performing multi-photon light sheet microscopy (MP-LISH), combining multi-photon excited fluorescence with the orthogonal illumination of light sheet microscopy are provided. With live imaging of whole Drosophila and zebrafish embryos, the high performance of MP-LISH compared to current state-of-the-art imaging techniques in maintaining good signal and high spatial resolution deep inside biological tissues (two times deeper than one-photon light sheet microscopy), in acquisition speed (more than one order of magnitude faster than conventional two-photon laser scanning microscopy), and in low phototoxicity are demonstrated. The inherent multi-modality of this new imaging technique is also demonstrated second harmonic generation light sheet microscopy to detect collagen in mouse tail tissue. Together, these properties create the potential for a wide range of applications for MP-LISH in 4D imaging of live biological systems.
US08441632B2	Biological and chemical microscopic targeting Biological and chemical materials often contain many molecular bonds that connect carbon (C) hydrogen (H) atoms. These bonds covalently share electrons that can be optically activated by light. The incident light interaction with the C—H molecular bond spectrally shifts of the incident light proportional to the vibrational, or more precisely polarizability, constant of the electrons that bind the C—H atoms. This process is called Raman scattering. For C—H, C—H2 and C—H3 bonding schemes, the spectral shift is approximately 3000 cm−1 lower in energy from the incident light energy. Using this fundamental spectral shift coupled with optical microscopy, the ability to detect materials that possess C—Hx (where x=1, 2 or 3) is possible.
US08441628B2	Apparatus for inspecting an illumination device The present invention provides an apparatus for inspecting an illumination device where the illumination device allows light from one or more light sources to be emitted to the outside through a number of optical sheets layered on top of each other. The apparatus is provided with: a work stage on which an illumination device is placed; a work frame for fixing the position of the illumination device placed on the work stage; and a pressure reducing apparatus for making the pressure in the space inside the illumination device lower than the pressure in the space outside the apparatus for inspecting an illumination device when turned on during the inspection, wherein the work frame has an opening through which light from the illumination device is emitted and makes contact with the outer periphery of the illumination device and the work stage, respectively, through annular form during the inspection.
US08441620B2	Determining distance between nodes A first node in a wireless network transmits a periodic pilot signal to a second node. The second node receives the periodic pilot signal and retransmits the signal back to the first node. The retransmitted pilot signal includes a phase adjustment in view of an internal processing delay at the second node. The phase adjustment involves matching a phase of the retransmitted pilot signal to a phase of the received pilot signal. The first node measures a roundtrip delay of the pilot signal and the distance between the nodes is computed based at least on the measured roundtrip delay.
US08441619B2	Photodetector and spatial information detecting device using the same A photodetector capable of improving dynamic range for input signals is provided. This photodetector includes a photoelectric converting portion, a charge separating portion, a charge accumulating portion, a barrier electrode formed the charge separating portion and the charge accumulating portion, and a barrier-height adjusting portion electrically connected to the barrier electrode. Undesired electric charges such as generated when environment light is incident on the photoelectric converting portion are removed by the charge separating portion. A potential barrier with an appropriate height is formed under the barrier electrode by applying a voltage to the barrier electrode according to an electric charge amount supplied from the charge separating portion to the barrier-height adjusting portion. Electric charges flowing from the charge separating portion into the charge accumulating portion over the potential barrier are provided as an output of the photodetector.
US08441617B2	Substrate placement in immersion lithography A method for determining an offset between a center of a substrate and a center of a depression in a chuck includes providing a test substrate to the depression, the test substrate having a dimension smaller than a dimension of the depression, measuring a position of an alignment mark of the test substrate while in the depression, and determining the offset between the center of the substrate and the center of the depression from the position of the alignment mark.
US08441613B2	Projection objective and projection exposure apparatus for microlithography Projection objectives, projection exposure apparatuses and related systems and components are disclosed.
US08441611B2	Lithographic apparatus and method A lithographic apparatus is disclosed that is configured to project a patterned beam of radiation onto a target portion of a substrate, the lithographic apparatus including an illumination system configured to condition a beam of radiation, the illumination system having a uniformity correction system located in a plane which, in use, is illuminated with a substantially constant pupil by the illumination system.
US08441606B2	Electro-optical device and electronic apparatus An electro-optical device comprises: a first data line extending in a first direction; a second data line extending in the first direction and arranged so as to be at least partially overlapped with the first data line; a first scanning line and a second scanning line extending in a second direction intersecting the first direction; a first transistor electrically connected to the first data line and electrically connected to the first scanning line; a first pixel electrode electrically connected to the first transistor; a second transistor electrically connected to the second data line and electrically connected to the second scanning line; and a second pixel electrode electrically connected to the second transistor.
US08441605B2	Polarizing plate, display, and electronic apparatus The present invention provides a polarizing plate including: a layer of polarizer for polarizing incident light and emitting the polarized light; and a coating type optically anisotropic layer disposed on the side to which the polarized light is emitted from the polarizer layer.
US08441601B2	Display apparatus having improved brightness and color reproducibility A display apparatus includes a first substrate, a second substrate facing the first substrate, and pixels disposed between the first and second substrates to display an image. Each pixel includes a red sub-pixel for displaying a red color, a green sub-pixel for displaying a green color, a blue sub-pixel for displaying a blue color, a yellow sub-pixel for displaying a yellow color, and a white sub-pixel for displaying a white color. The blue sub-pixel has an area substantially equal to or larger than an area of each of the red, green, yellow, and white sub-pixels.
US08441600B2	Display and pixel circuit thereof A display panel is disclosed. The display panel includes a data line, a scan line, a first switch connected to a first voltage, a second switch connected to a second voltage, and a pixel. The pixel is further comprised of a data transistor having a first source/drain electrode connected to the data line, a gate electrode connected to the scan line and a second source/drain electrode, a driving transistor having a first source/drain electrode connected via a first switch to the first voltage, a gate electrode connected via the second switch to the second voltage and a second source/drain electrode, a storage capacitor having a first electrode connected to the gate electrode of the driving transistor and a second electrode connected to the first source/drain electrode of the driving transistor and to the second source/drain electrode of the data transistor, and a lighting device having an anode electrode connected to the second source/drain electrode of the driving transistor and a cathode electrode connected to a third voltage.
US08441598B2	Liquid crystal display device Disclosed is a liquid crystal display device equipped with a balance insulating member having a bottom frame and lamp sockets integrally formed on the bottom frame, including: a lower cover; a plurality of lamps disposed on the lower cover with a certain interval therebetween; a balance insulating member disposed at both sides of the lower cover, and having a bottom frame and lamp sockets integrally formed on the bottom frame so as to be coupled to the lamps; and a liquid crystal panel disposed above the lamps and receiving light, wherein the balance insulating member includes conductive electrodes formed at the lamp sockets, ballast capacitors each connected to the conductive electrodes and disposed on an upper side of the bottom frame, and conductive wirings formed inside the bottom frame and connected to the ballast capacitors.
US08441597B2	Liquid crystal display device for preventing light leakage In the present invention, a diffusing sheet for diffusing light outputted from a light guide plate is extended to a stepped upper surface of an LED substrate and disposed at a lateral surface of the light guide plate so that the diffusing sheet can completely cover the light guide plate, thereby preventing undiffused light from being supplied to an liquid crystal display device.
US08441596B2	Liquid crystal display device having backlight with reflective member This invention provides a liquid crystal display device where the brightness of the backlight can be prevented from lowering when the liquid crystal display device and its frame are thin. The liquid crystal display device has a liquid crystal display panel and a backlight for radiating light on the rear of the liquid crystal display panel, and is characterized in that the backlight has light emitting diodes LED that are secured on one surface of a flexible printed circuit FPC and a light guide plate for guiding light emitted from the light emitting diodes, the flexible printed circuit has openings in a portion between the light emitting diodes and the light guide plate, which extends partly over the light emitting areas (EA) of the light emitting diodes, and a reflective member is provided on the other surface of the flexible printed circuit so as to cover the openings.
US08441590B2	Active matrix substrate, liquid crystal panel, liquid crystal display unit, liquid crystal display device, and television receiver Disclosed is an active matrix including: a second capacitor electrode (37) electrically connected to a first pixel electrode (17a); and a first capacitor electrode (77) electrically connected to a second pixel electrode (17b), which second capacitor electrode (37) is provided in a layer sandwiched between the first capacitor electrode (77) and the second pixel electrode (17b). A coupling capacitor is formed between the first capacitor electrode (77) and the second capacitor electrode (37) by having the second capacitor electrode (37) overlap the first capacitor electrode (77) in such a manner that a gate insulating film is sandwiched between the second capacitor electrode (37) and the first capacitor electrode (77), and another coupling capacitor is formed between the second capacitor electrode (37) and the second pixel electrode (17b) by having the second pixel electrode (17b) overlap the second capacitor electrode (37) in such a manner that an interlayer insulating film is sandwiched between the second capacitor electrode (37) and the second pixel electrode (17b). With the foregoing configuration, it is possible in an active matrix substrate of a capacitively coupled pixel division mode to increase its aperture ratio.
US08441589B2	Pixel array structure A pixel structure electrically connected to a data line and a scan line, and including a first and a second active device, a first and a second pixel electrode, and a first and a second capacitance electrode is provided. The first pixel electrode electrically connected to the first active device includes a first and a second electrode block electrically connected to each other. The second pixel electrode electrically connected to the second active device is electrically insulated from the first pixel electrode and separates the first and the second electrode block. The first pixel electrode respectively forms a first and a second capacitor with the first and the second capacitance electrode. The second pixel electrode respectively forms a third and a fourth capacitor with the first and the second capacitance electrode. The first and the second capacitor have different capacitances. The third and the fourth capacitor have different capacitances.
US08441586B2	Liquid crystal optical device configured to reduce polarization dependent loss and polarization mode dispersion An LC-based optical device compensates for differences in optical path lengths of polarization components of input beam. As a result, PDL and PMD of the optical device are reduced. The compensation mechanism may be a glass plate that is disposed in an optical path of a polarization component so that the optical path length of that polarization component can be made substantially equal to the optical path length of the other polarization component that traverses through a half-wave plate. Another compensation mechanism is a birefringent displacer that has two sections sandwiching a half-wave plate, wherein the two sections are of different widths and the planar front surface of the birefringent displacer can be positioned to be non-orthogonal with respect to the incident input light beam.
US08441585B2	Stereoscopic image display device A stereoscopic image display device comprises: a liquid crystal panel for time-divisionally displaying left-eye image frame data and right-eye image frame data; a backlight unit being divided into a plurality of blocks, and sequentially scanned for each block to provide light to the liquid crystal panel; and shutter glasses comprising a left-eye filter transmitting only the light of the left-eye image and a right-eye filter transmitting only the light of the right-eye image, wherein the time period of sequentially lighting the first to the last blocks of the backlight unit is shorter than the period of addressing the left-eye image frame data or the right-eye image frame data from the first line to the last line of the liquid crystal panel.
US08441581B2	Slot-interleaved decoding of concatenated convolutional coding in mobile/hand-held digital television receivers At least two turbo decoding apparatuses are used in a receiver for concatenated convolutional coding transmissions imbedded in 8-VSB digital television signals. This permits turbo decoding procedures for the M/H Groups in any Parade consisting of eight or fewer M/H Groups to be interleaved so at least one M/H Slot interval after each of those M/H Groups has been received is available for decoding that M/H Group.
US08441576B2	Receiving device, delay-information transmitting method in receiving device, audio output device, and delay-control method in audio output device A television receiver computes a delay time of an image displayed on the television receiver with respect to an audio signal transmitted from the television receiver to an audio amplifier, based on video delay information as EDID data, delay information transported from a disc recorder and information of a time required until audio data received from the disc recorder is transmitted to an audio amplifier. The audio amplifier controls a delay time lasting until the audio responsive to the received audio data is outputted so that the delay time matches the aforementioned delay time. Thereby, the displayed image in the television receiver and the audio output in the audio amplifier are synchronized.
US08441573B2	System and method of transmission and reception of progressive content with isolated fields for conversion to interlaced display Systems and methods of coding progressive content with isolated fields for conversion to interlaced display are provided. Some systems and methods may find use in, for example, digital video compression systems and methods. Film material may be encoded as video material with an intended field polarity and an explicit 3:2 pull-down operation for interlaced display (e.g., a 30-frames-per-second display).
US08441570B2	Image-pickup apparatus and lens apparatus An image pickup apparatus and a lens apparatus capable of photographing high-grade still images even where an interlace type image pickup element is used are to be provided. When an instruction to photograph a still image is entered, a camera microcomputer generates a timing to intercept light coming incident on a lens according to the aperture value of an iris, and transmits this timing to a lens microcomputer. The lens microcomputer supplies a control signal to an aperture control circuit according to the received timing, and a mechanical shutter is caused to operate as the aperture control circuit closes the iris at high speed.
US08441561B2	Image pickup apparatus and control method that correct image data taken by image pickup apparatus An image pickup apparatus that make it possible to perform image processing under appropriate conditions and secure appropriate image qualities of taken images. The image pickup device has a photoelectric conversion element portion that generates signal electric charge according to the amount of received light, a first optical black unit having a light-shielded photoelectric conversion element structure and having first output characteristics, and a second optical black unit having a light-shielded photoelectric conversion element structure and having second output characteristics different from the first output characteristics. A dark current value is measured based on an output from the first optical black unit and an output from the second optical black unit. Whether or not to perform image processing is determined according to the measured dark current value.
US08441560B2	Image capturing apparatus and control method therefor An image capturing apparatus includes an image sensor including a first reference pixel for black level, a second reference pixel for black level, and an effective pixel, and a processing unit which applies first processing to an output signal from the effective pixel based on an output signal from the first reference pixel for black level, and applies second processing to an output signal from the effective pixel based on an output signal from the second reference pixel for black level. The first reference pixel for black level and the second reference pixel for black level each include a charge-voltage converter which converts electric charge into a voltage and a pixel amplifier which amplifies the voltage of the charge-voltage converter. The pixel amplifiers of the first reference pixel for black level and the second reference pixel for black level differ in arrangement.
US08441559B2	Imaging apparatus and correction method of image data An imaging apparatus is provided for reducing noise which is derived from random noise contained in a correction signal used for correcting an image data and is newly generated on correction of the image data. The imaging apparatus drives vertical transfer registers with no signal charge from photoelectric transducers read out to the vertical transfer registers to obtain and store a correction signal into a field memory. The apparatus subtracts the correction signal from the image data by a subtractor.
US08441557B2	Zoom lens and imaging device A zoom lens includes a first lens group with positive refracting power and normally located at a fixed position, a second lens group with negative refracting power and movable in an optical axis direction for zooming, a third lens group with positive refracting power and normally located at a fixed position, a fourth lens group with positive refracting power and movable in the optical axis direction for correction of a focal position for zooming and focusing, and a fifth lens group. These lens groups are arranged in order from an object side to an image side. The zoom lens satisfies the conditional equations (1) 1.00
US08441551B2	Flicker detection circuit for imaging sensors that employ rolling shutters Circuitry, apparatus and methods provide flicker detection and improved image generation for digital cameras that employ image sensors. In one example, circuitry and methods are operative to compare a first captured frame with a second captured frame that may be, for example, sequential and consecutive or non-consecutive if desired, to determine misalignment of scene content between the frames. A realigned second frame is produced by realigning the second frame with the first frame if the frames are determined to be misaligned. Luminance data from the realigned second frame and luminance data from the pixels of the first frame are used to determine if an undesired flicker condition exists. If an undesired flicker condition is detected, exposure time control information is generated for output to the imaging sensor that captured the frame, to reduce flicker. This operation may be done, for example, during a preview mode for a digital camera, or may be performed at any other suitable time.
US08441547B2	Digital still camera In a digital still camera, when the reproducing mode is selected, an indication to the effect that the operation is in standby for reproduction is displayed on an indicating device, and if the command dial is not operated until 16 seconds elapses after the indication has been started, the supply of source voltage to the various parts of the camera is stopped, to achieve a reduction in power consumption. If the command dial is operated within 16 seconds, image signals are output to an external monitor and also an indication to the effect that reproduction is in progress is displayed on the indicating device. If the command dial has been operated within three minutes after reproduction of a given photographic frame has been started, reproduction of the following frame is performed, but if the command dial has not been operated until the three minutes have elapsed, the indication to the effect that the operation is in standby for reproduction is displayed again. If the sensitivity changeover switch and the command dial are operated together during reproduction or standby for reproduction, the photographic frame to be reproduced is determined in correspondence to the quantity and direction of the rotation of the command dial and the frame number of the frame thus determined is displayed on the indicating device.
US08441546B2	Image processing device and image processing program A device includes a first isolated-point candidate detection section calculates a parameter value used for detecting an isolated-point candidate from a near-field region of a target pixel of a color image signal, a color-space conversion section combines a plurality of signals constituting the color image signal together, and converts the combined signals into a plurality of color signals on defined color space, a second isolated-point candidate detection section calculates a parameter value used for detecting an isolated-point candidate from a near-field region of a target pixel of the converted color signal, and an isolated-point degree determination section determines an isolated-point degree on the basis of parameter values calculated by the isolated-point candidate detection sections.
US08441543B2	Image processing apparatus, image processing method, and computer program An image processing apparatus includes: a conversion unit converting a first color image signal including a predetermined color space into a second color image signal including a color space having a luminance signal and a color difference signal; a color determination section determining a color of each pixel of the first color image signal or the second color image signal; and a noise removal unit performing a noise removal process by changing a noise removal strength with respect to the color difference signal in accordance with the color determined by the color determination section.
US08441539B2	Imaging apparatus Provided is an imaging apparatus that can achieve a clear image in which motion blur is reduced even when a moving subject is photographed in a dark environment. The imaging apparatus (1) is equipped with multiple photoelectric conversion element groups, whereby a pickup image is generated based on intermediate image data read from each of the photoelectric conversion element groups. The apparatus (1) is equipped with an exposure time setting portion (12b) that sets the exposure time for each element group during imaging, and an exposure time for carrying out multiple exposures during one imaging cycle is set for at least one element group. In addition, the apparatus (1) is equipped with a motion detecting portion (12c) that detects motion information for images from multiple intermediate image data read corresponding to the multiple exposures by said element group, and a motion blur compensating portion (12d) that corrects the intermediate image data read from the other element groups using said motion information, and a pickup image is generated based on the multiple intermediate image data and the corrected intermediate image data.
US08441538B2	Image generation apparatus and image generation method To provide an image generation apparatus that generates a visually-favorable target video sequence in color using input video sequences of color components and that is least likely to have an insufficient transfer rate when obtaining the input video sequences. The image generation apparatus includes: an image receiving unit (101) that receives, as the plurality of input video sequences, a plurality of video sequences that are obtained by shooting the same subject with a phase difference being set between frame exposure periods of the different color components; and a color image integration unit (103) that generates the target video sequence whose frame cycle is shorter than each of the frame exposure periods of the input video sequences, by reducing a difference between a frame image of the input video sequence of each color component and a sum of a plurality of frame images of the target video sequence which are included in a period that corresponds to the frame image of the input video sequence.
US08441537B2	Portable terminal apparatus for capturing only one image, and captured image processing system for obtaining high resolution image data based on the captured only one image and outputting high resolution image An image output apparatus receives a single piece of captured image data from a portable terminal apparatus, and carries out, in accordance with the single piece of captured image data received, a high resolution correction for creating high resolution image data which has a higher resolution than the single piece of captured image data. Then, the image output apparatus carries out an output process in which the high resolution image data created is outputted. This provides a captured image processing system which allows an image output apparatus to output an image captured by a portable terminal apparatus while the image is improving in resolution such as text readability.
US08441534B2	Electronic article surveillance system An electronic article surveillance system (1) comprises a read/write station (2; 217, 218, 220-224) that is designed to communicate an electronic article surveillance status test-request command comprising zone information that indicates an electronic article surveillance zone for which an electronic article surveillance status that is assigned to said zone is to be tested, and further comprises a data carrier (3; 31-35) having a circuit (11) that is designed to store status data (SD) for indicating whether an electronic article surveillance status is active and to store zone data (ZD) for specifying at least one electronic article surveillance zone to which the electronic article status is assigned, the data carrier (3; 31-35) being further designed to test whether said stored status is active for the electronic article surveillance zone to which it is assigned in the case that this zone is indicated by the zone information provided by the read/write station (2; 217, 218, 220-224).
US08441530B2	Cascade analysis for intestinal contraction detection A method and system for detection of intestinal contraction may include detecting an obstructed portion of an image frame captured in-vivo. The obstructed portion of the image frame may include an area within an image frame that is obstructed by turbid intestinal content. The method and system may set a threshold for the area of the obstructed portion in the image frame, to determine an invalid frame and may remove the invalid frame from an image stream.
US08441529B2	Endoscope objective lens unit and endoscope An endoscope objective lens unit includes a front lens group and a rear lens group with a diaphragm interposed therebetween. The front lens group includes a first lens and a second lens, and the rear lens group includes a third lens, a fourth lens and a fifth lens. The endoscope objective lens unit satisfies following expressions (1A) to (4): (1A) −3
US08441527B2	Three-dimensional image processing apparatus and method of controlling the same A 3D image processing apparatus includes: a main screen image processing unit which generates a main screen processed image by performing a format conversion process on a main screen image; a sub screen image processing unit which generates a sub screen processed image by performing a format conversion process on a sub screen image; and a synthesizing unit which generates a synthesized image by synthesizing the main screen processed image and the sub screen processed image. Furthermore, the main screen image processing unit generates a left screen output image by performing the format conversion process on a left screen input image that is a left half of a 3D image, and the sub screen image processing unit generates a right screen output image by performing the format conversion process on a right screen input image that is a right half of a 3D image.
US08441526B2	Structure of stereoscopic image data, stereoscopic image data recording method, reproducing method, recording program, and reproducing program It is made possible to record stereoscopic image data of parallel-ray one-dimensional IP type in a format at a high compression rate with little image quality degradation. This stereoscopic image data can be efficiently decompressed and reproduced. A stereoscopic image data structure includes: a parallax component image data representing n or more parallax component images, each having accumulated pixels that cause the pixels to generate the parallel light rays in the same parallax direction in the viewing zone, and having different numbers of horizontal pixels. N combined images with the same numbers of vertical and horizontal pixels are a unit to be converted into a parallax interleaved image, the n combined images being formed by combining two or more parallax component images with parallax directions different from each other by n.
US08441524B2	Three-dimensional display device and digital zoom correction method A digital zoom rate of two-dimensional images zoomed by a digital zoom unit is obtained. When the obtained digital zoom rate is larger than 100%, at least one of the digitally zoomed two-dimensional images is modified based on an enlarged amount of parallax to provide an amount of parallax between the digitally zoomed two-dimensional images equal to the enlarged amount of parallax. The enlarged amount of parallax is obtained by enlarging, at a moderated digital zoom rate, an amount of parallax between the two-dimensional images before being digitally zoomed, and the moderated digital zoom rate is obtained by moderating the digital zoom rate at a moderation rate, where the moderation rate increases as the zoom rate increases. Then, a display unit is caused to carry out three-dimensional display based on the modified two-dimensional images.
US08441523B2	Apparatus and method for drawing a stereoscopic image Coordinate values of an object located in a coordinate space are stored in a memory. The coordinate space is represented by a first direction, a second direction and a third direction each different. The coordinate values include first coordinate values along the first direction, second coordinate values along the second direction and third coordinate values along the third direction. A stereoscopic image of the object having a parallax along one of the first direction and the second direction is displayed. A direction of the parallax is detected. When the direction of the parallax is the first direction, the first coordinate values are subjected to a parallel projection. When the direction of the parallax is the second direction, the second coordinate values are subjected to the parallel projection.
US08441522B2	Method and device for the autostereoscopic representation of image information A method for the autostereoscopic representation of image information on a matrix screen on which image points are formed through a subpixel group, each with a plurality of subpixels, wherein two stereoscopic fields are imaged on one of two subgroups of the image points, and wherein light emanating from the two subgroups of image points is guided through a barrier raster into two adjacent viewing zones, and wherein a change of the viewer's head position is further detected, and activation of the subpixels is adapted to the change of the head position by shifting intensity centroids, in particular, within the image points upon a change in the viewing distance between the head position and matrix screen by adapting of weightings of intensities within the image points such that a lateral distance between the centroid of the intensity distributions in a left viewing zone and the centroid of the intensity distributions in a right viewing zone in a viewing plane remains constant. A respective device for the autostereoscopic representation of image information is described.
US08441518B2	Imaging apparatus, imaging control method, and recording medium An imaging apparatus includes: a first imaging controller configured to control imaging by an imaging unit; a movement distance acquirer configured to acquire movement distance of the imaging unit required to generate a three-dimensional image of the imaged subject after imaging by the first imaging controller; a first determining unit configured to determine whether or not the imaging unit has moved the movement distance acquired by the movement distance acquirer; a second imaging controller configured to control imaging with respect to the imaging unit in the case where it is determined by the first determining unit that the imaging unit has moved the movement distance; and a three-dimensional image generator configured to generate a three-dimensional image from the image acquired by the first imaging controller and the image acquired by the second imaging controller.
US08441517B2	Data processing apparatus and method, and network system In a network system for sending data to a plurality of terminals, a data processing apparatus has a plurality of coding units that code outgoing data including at least video or voice data for transmission to terminals over a network. The data processing apparatus obtains information about the terminals, groups the terminals according to the information, and transmits the coded outgoing data obtained from each coding unit to a different group of terminals. Appropriate grouping of the terminals conserves both network and coding resources and enables the quality of the data transmitted to the terminals to be improved at a low cost.
US08441510B2	Tape printing apparatus A printing apparatus that receives a supply of an image receiving medium and includes a platen arranged to feed the image receiving medium selectively in one of a forward and reverse direction. A print head arranged to print an image on the image receiving medium while the medium is fed in the forward direction and an arcuate guide portion partially encasing the platen and movable relative to the surface of the platen. The guide portion having an inoperative position in which it is spaced from the print head to permit a supply of image receiving medium to be received and an operative position wherein the guide portion is moved to be proximate to the print head whereby the guide portion in the operative position restricts movement of the image receiving medium in a direction perpendicular to the forward and reverse direction.
US08441501B1	Adaptive access in virtual settings based on established virtual profile A method and system for adapting a virtual setting to a participant includes launching a simulation program on a computing device, evaluating a virtual profile of the participant and presenting scenarios within the virtual setting appropriate for said participant based on said evaluation, wherein at least a predetermined aspect of the virtual setting is available to the participant regardless of a result of said evaluation and the virtual setting corresponds to the simulation program.
US08441498B2	Device and method for processing color image data The present invention relates to a video processing device comprising a luminance and saturation detector (LSHD) for detecting the luminance values (lum) and the saturation values (sat) of pixels of an input video signal (IN); and a white-point, saturation and hue modulator (WSH) for transforming luminance and saturation properties (lum, sat) of the pixels of the input video signal (IN) into white-point, saturation and hue correction factors (W, Wc; S, Sc; H, Hc). The video device also comprises a color gamut matrix generating unit (CGMG) for generating a color gamut matrix in the perception domain based on the white-point, saturation and hue correction factors (Wc, Sc, Hc) of the white-point, saturation and hue modulator (WSH); a color gamut mapping unit (20) for multiplying the pixels of the input video signal (IN) with a color gamut matrix generated by the color gamut matrix generating unit (CGMG); and a clipping unit (31) for clipping the results of the a color gamut mapping unit (20) which are out of a predefined range.
US08441496B1	Method and system for modifying and rendering scenes via display lists Various embodiments of a method and system for modifying and rendering scenes via display lists are described. Various embodiments may include a graphical application for generating a display list including display list nodes each corresponding to a respective scene element. To generate a given display list node, the graphical application may determine a scene graph node of a scene graph, allocate a portion of memory dedicated to the display list node, and store in that portion of memory, at least one of the attributes of the respective scene element determined from the particular scene graph node. The graphical application may modify a particular display list node corresponding to the particular scene element by modifying a respective attribute stored in the portion of memory allocated to the particular display list node, and render an image of a scene that includes the particular scene element modified according to the notification.
US08441490B1	System and method for managing graphics applications A system and method for managing graphics applications include the capability to receive graphics data from an unaware graphics application and convey the graphics data to at least one of a plurality of graphics pipes having different display directions. The system and method further include the capability to modify the graphics data to account for non-planar display of the graphics data.
US08441487B1	Bandwidth compression for shader engine store operations Embodiments of the present invention set forth systems and methods for compressing thread group data written to frame buffer memory to increase overall memory performance. A compression/decompression engine within the frame buffer memory interface includes logic configured to identify situations where the threads of a thread group are writing similar scalar values to memory. Upon recognizing such a situation, the engine is configured to compress the scalar data into a form that allows all of the scalar data to be written to or read from the frame buffer memory in fewer clock cycles than would be required to transmit the data in uncompressed form to or from memory. Consequently, the disclosed systems and methods are able to effectively increase memory performance when executing thread group STORE and LOAD operations.
US08441482B2	Systems and methods for self-intersection avoidance in ray tracing Aspects include systems, methods, and media for implementing methods relating to detection of invalid intersections during ray tracing. Invalid intersections can arise from imprecision in computer-based number representation, causing ray origins to be located inappropriately. In some aspects, a ray can be associated with information relating to an expected angle between the ray's direction and a normal for a to-be-identified primitive intersected by that ray. If the angle between the ray's direction and the normal of an intersected primitive is within expectations, then that information can be used in predicting whether the intersection is valid. Such expectation information can be presented as a single bit determined by a shader performing a dot product of the ray and a normal of a primitive intersected by a parent ray, or can be obtained as a by-product of ray/primitive intersection testing. Such information also can be based on whether the shader is emitting to have reflection or refraction type ray behavior.
US08441480B2	Information processing apparatus, information processing system, and computer readable medium An information processing apparatus includes: an acquisition portion that acquires position/direction information indicative of a position and a direction of a projection device; a selection portion that selects at least one piece of drawing data from a plurality of pieces of drawing data relating to parts provided in an object; a generation portion that generates a projection drawing from the drawing data selected by the selection portion; a conversion portion that calculates a distance between the object and the projection device, and a direction of the projection device from the position/direction information, and converts the projection drawing into a perspective drawing by using the calculated distance and the calculated direction; and a control portion that controls the projection device so as to project the perspective drawing onto the object.
US08441469B2	Liquid crystal display device A liquid crystal display (LCD) device capable of reducing the number of printed circuit boards (PCBs) and the number of signal transmitters, and thus reducing manufacturing costs, is disclosed. The LCD device includes a liquid crystal panel having a display to display an image, a plurality of data drive integrated circuits (ICs) connected between one-side portion of the liquid crystal panel and a source PCB, to drive data lines arranged on the display of the liquid crystal panel, a light source unit to provide light to the liquid crystal panel, and a unified board formed with a light source driver to drive the light source unit, and a drive circuit to drive the data drive ICs.
US08441468B2	Image display apparatus The present invention provides an image display apparatus capable of reducing a hold blur in accordance with circumstances. A black inserting process for inserting a black display area into a display screen in a liquid crystal display panel 2 according to at least one of substance of a video signal in an original frame and brightness of viewing environment for user is performed. Concretely, for example, when a video signal in the original frame is a cinema signal (film signal), the black inserting process of inserting a black display area into the display screen in the liquid crystal display panel 2 is performed. More concretely, for example, a backlight driving unit 71 performs switching drive between turn-on and turn-off of a backlight 72 so that the black inserting process is performed on the display screen in the liquid crystal display panel 2.
US08441467B2	Multi-touch sensing display through frustrated total internal reflection High-resolution, scalable multi-touch sensing display systems and processes based on frustrated total internal reflection employ an optical waveguide that receives light, such as infrared light, that undergoes total internal reflection and an imaging sensor that detects light that escapes the optical waveguide caused by frustration of the total internal reflection due to contact by a user. The optical waveguide may be fitted with a compliant surface overlay to greatly improve sensing performance, minimize the affect of contaminants on and damage to the contact surface, to generally extend system life and to provide other benefits. The systems and processes provide true multi-touch (multi-input) and high-spatial and temporal resolution capability due to the continuous imaging of the frustrated total internal reflection that escapes the entire optical waveguide. Among other features and benefits, the systems and processes are scalable to large installations and are well suited for use with rear-projection and other display devices.
US08441464B1	Capacitive touch panel A capacitive touch panel is disclosed. The capacitive touch panel includes a substrate having a plurality of sensing units, a frame having a hollow opening for accommodating the substrate, and an optical composite layer disposed on the frame. Two adjacent sensing units comprise a distance therebetween. the frame and the substrate form a composite structure. The optical composite layer includes a shielding layer and an ink layer, and the thickness of the shielding layer is adjusted with respect to the distance such that the sensing units are invisible from outside.
US08441458B2	Multi-touch and single touch detection An input device includes a touch sensitive sensor operative to detect finger touch, a controller for controlling the touch sensitive sensor, the controller operative to set at least one area of the touch sensitive sensor for sampling output with a single touch sampling method and to set at least one other area of the touch sensitive sensor for sampling output with a multi-touch sampling method, wherein the multi-touch sampling method is other than a single touch sampling method, and a detection unit of the touch sensitive sensor controllable to apply the single touch sampling method over the at least one area of the touch sensitive sensor and to apply the multi-touch sampling method over the at least one other area of same touch sensitive sensor.
US08441454B2	Virtual keyboard system with automatic correction An enhanced text entry system uses word-level analysis to correct inaccuracies automatically in user keystroke entries on reduced-size or virtual keyboards. One or more alternate textual interpretations each sequence of inputs detected within a designated auto-correcting region. Actual interaction locations for keystrokes may occur outside the boundaries of specific keyboard key regions associated with actual characters of the word interpretations proposed or offered for selection, where the distance from each interaction location to each corresponding intended character may increase with the expected frequency of the intended the language or in a particular context. In a virtual keyboard system, keys actuated may differ from keys actually associated with letters of the word interpretations. Each such sequence corresponds to a complete word, and the user can select the intended word from among generated interpretations.
US08441451B2	Terminal, controlling method thereof and recordable medium for the same A mobile terminal is provided including a touchscreen and a controller. The controller is configured to display, on the touchscreen, a moving picture and a subset of a plurality of key frame pictures for the moving picture.
US08441448B2	Word completion in a handheld electronic device A method for enabling generation of text on a handheld electronic device which has a plurality of input members, at least some of which have a number of linguistic elements assigned thereto, and a memory having language objects stored therein. The method comprises enabling detection of a number of input member actuations corresponding with an ambiguous input, making at least one of a determination that the number of actuations exceeds a first threshold and a determination that a quantity of predicted language objects corresponding with the ambiguous input is less than a second threshold, generating prefix objects corresponding with the ambiguous input and predicted language objects corresponding with the ambiguous input, each predicted language object comprising a prefix object portion and a completion portion, and providing at a text input location an output comprising a prefix object and a completion portion of a first predicted language object.
US08441443B2	Remote touchpad device for vehicle and control method thereof The present invention features a remote touchpad device for a vehicle, which preferably comprises a circuit board having luminous elements installed at predetermined intervals along the circumference of a circle to irradiate light and at least one light-receiving element to receive the light the luminous elements, a pad provided on an upper part of the circuit board to make the light from the luminous elements reflected by an approaching or contact object and incident to the light-receiving element, a controller controlling a user interface by calculating the position of the object with 3D coordinates based on the amount of light incident to the light-receiving element, and a housing forming the exterior of the circuit board, the pad, and the controller. The invention also features a method of controlling the remote touchpad device.
US08441441B2	User interface for mobile devices A mobile user interface suitable for mobile computing devices uses device position/orientation in real space to select a portion of content that is displayed. Content (e.g., documents, files or a desktop) is presumed fixed in virtual space with the mobile user interface displaying a portion of the content as if viewed through a camera or magnifying glass. Data from motion, distance or position sensors are used to determine the relative position/orientation of the device with respect to the content to select the portion for display. Content elements can be selected by centering the display on the desired portion, obviating the need for cursors and pointing devices (e.g., mouse or touchscreen). Magnification can be manipulated by moving the device away from or towards the user. 3-D content viewing may be enabled by sensing the device orientation and displaying content that is above or below the display in 3-D virtual space.
US08441437B2	Haptic feedback sensations based on audio output from computer devices Triggering haptic sensations based on sound output from a computer device. A portion of sound data is stored that is output to a user as audio from an application program running on a computer. The portion of sound data is analyzed using intelligent heuristics to extract at least one sound feature from the sound data. The execution of at least one haptic effect is triggered based on the sound feature, where the haptic effect is commanded to the haptic feedback device approximately correlated to the output of the portion of sound to the user as audio. The haptic effect causes a haptic sensation to be output to the user. Different haptic effects can be associated with different sound features, frequency ranges, amplitudes, etc.
US08441436B2	Input apparatus, control apparatus, control system, control method, and handheld apparatus To provide an input apparatus, a control apparatus, a control system, a control method, and a handheld apparatus with which a movement of a pointer on a screen can be stopped, for example, with a simple operation or without a user being aware of the operation. An MPU judges whether absolute values of acceleration values are both equal to or smaller than a threshold value (hereinafter, referred to as threshold value for convenience). When both of the absolute values for the acceleration values are not equal to or smaller than the threshold value, the MPU transmits velocity values to a control apparatus. Otherwise, the MPU stops outputting (transmitting) the velocity values. Typically, a time when a position of a casing of an input apparatus falls within an angle range an angle ±α from a line that is perpendicular to a ground (horizontal plane) is a time when the absolute values become equal to or smaller than the threshold value.
US08441435B2	Image processing apparatus, image processing method, program, and recording medium An image processing apparatus includes an input unit to which an image of an object picked up by an image pickup device is input, a display device on which the image is presented, an image presenting unit configured to present the image on the display device; a viewpoint detecting unit configured to detect a viewpoint position of a user, and a control unit configured to supply, to the image presenting unit, the image in an area extracted corresponding to an image frame of a display surface of the display device when the image is viewed through the display surface from the viewpoint position of the user detected by the viewpoint detecting unit.
US08441433B2	Systems and methods for providing friction in a haptic feedback device Systems and methods for providing controlled friction in a haptic feedback device are described. One described device comprises a magnetic target, a magnetic core configured to be in communication with the magnetic target to provide a haptic effect, and a partition. The partition may be configured to maintain a magnetic circuit air gap between the magnetic target and the magnetic core, and to provide friction between the magnetic target and the magnetic core. Such a device may include a processor in communication with the magnetic core for providing a haptic effect.
US08441427B2	Gate driver having an output enable control circuit A gate driver includes a shift register, a logic control circuit, and an output enable control circuit. The shift register generates a plurality of scan signals according to a vertical synchronous signal and a vertical clock signal. The output enable control circuit generates a second output enable signal according to the vertical synchronous signal, the vertical clock signal, and an output enable signal. After the vertical synchronous signal and the vertical clock signal are both triggered together for two times, the second output enable converts from a high level to a low level. The logic control circuit outputs the plurality of scan signals when the second output enable signal is at the low level.
US08441425B2	Liquid crystal display device To provide a liquid crystal display device suitable for a thin film transistor which uses an oxide semiconductor. In a liquid crystal display device which includes a thin film transistor including an oxide semiconductor layer, a film having a function of attenuating the intensity of transmitting visible light is used as an interlayer film which covers at least the oxide semiconductor layer. As the film having a function of attenuating the intensity of transmitting visible light, a coloring layer can be used and a light-transmitting chromatic color resin layer is preferably used. An interlayer film which includes a light-transmitting chromatic color resin layer and a light-blocking layer may be formed in order that the light-blocking layer is used as a film having a function of attenuating the intensity of transmitting visible light.
US08441423B2	Display device and driving method thereof It is an object of the present invention to provide a display device in which problems such as an increase of power consumption and increase of a load of when light is emitted are reduced by using a method for realizing pseudo impulsive driving by inserting an dark image, and a driving method thereof. A display device which displays a gray scale by dividing one frame period into a plurality of subframe periods, where one frame period is divided into at least a first subframe period and a second subframe period; and when luminance in the first subframe period to display the maximum gray scale is Lmax1 and luminance in the second subframe period to display the maximum gray scale is Lmax2, (1/2) Lmax2
US08441421B2	Pixel and organic light emitting display device using the same A pixel includes an OLED coupled to a second power supply, a first transistor coupled to a first power supply for controlling current through the OLED, a second transistor coupled between a data line and the first transistor, third transistors coupled between a gate electrode and a second electrode of the first transistor, the second and third transistors configured to be turned on when the scanning signal is supplied to the i-th scanning line, fourth transistors coupled between an initial power supply and the first transistor, and configured to be turned on when the scanning signal is supplied to an i−1-th scanning line, a first capacitor coupled between the first power supply and the first transistor, and a second capacitor with a first terminal coupled to nodes between two of the third transistors and two of the fourth transistors, and a second terminal coupled to the first power supply.
US08441415B2	Method and device for reducing line load effect The present invention relates to a method for processing data of a picture to be displayed on a display panel with persistent luminous elements in order to reduce load effect in said display means. The method comprises the following steps: computing, for each subfield, the amount of activated luminous elements in each line of luminous elements of the display panel, called line load, calculating, for each subfield, the maximal difference of line loads of two consecutive lines of the display panel, and selecting, for each subfield, a sustain frequency in accordance with its maximal load difference in order to reduce line load effect.
US08441413B2	Apparatus and system for viewing 3D image An apparatus and a system for viewing a 3D image including a synchronization signal receiver for receiving 3D image synchronization signal; a 3D control signal generator for generating left-eye glass control signal and a right-eye glass control signal in accordance with the synchronization signal received; a left-eye glass that opens or intercepts light transmitted to the left-eye glass; a right-eye glass that opens or intercepts light transmitted to the right-eye glass; a central processor that controls operation of the 3D control signal generator and transmits the synchronization signal to the 3D control signal generator; and a power controller that connects or intercepts power supplied to the synchronization signal receiver and the central processor. The power consumption of the apparatus is minimized by supplying power to the synchronization signal receiver and the central processor at a time when the synchronization signal is received and power is intercepted during the rest period.
US08441409B2	Broadband convex ground planes for multipath rejection A ground plane for reducing multipath reception comprises a convex conducting surface and an array of conducting elements disposed on at least a portion of the convex conducting surface. Embodiments of the convex conducting surface include a portion of a sphere and a sphere. Each conducting element comprises an elongated body structure having a transverse dimension and a length, wherein the transverse dimension is substantially less than the length. The cross-section of the elongated body structure can have various user-specified shapes. Each conducting element can further comprise a tip structure. The azimuth spacings, lengths, and surface densities of the conducting elements can be functions of meridian angle. An antenna can be mounted directly on the conducting convex surface or on a conducting or dielectric support structure mounted on the conducting convex surface. System components, such as a navigation receiver, can be mounted inside the conducting convex surface.
US08441408B2	Miniaturized multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna A miniaturized multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna includes a first antenna element disposed in a first side of a substrate in a round form; a second antenna element in a round form symmetrically with the first antenna element and disposed in the first side of the substrate; and a ground disposed in a second side of the substrate. The first antenna element and the second antenna element are disposed such that electro magnetic waves resonating in the first antenna element and the second antenna element are orthogonally polarized. Accordingly, the antenna size can be reduced. The miniaturized antenna facilitates the component design in the small terminal.
US08441406B2	Cross-dipole antenna configurations An apparatus has an improved antenna pattern for a cross dipole antenna. Such antennas desirably have an omnidirectional antenna pattern. Conventional cross dipole antennas exhibit nulls in their antenna patterns, which can cause antennas to deviate from a standard or specification. Applicant recognized and confirmed that the connection of a coaxial cable to the antenna arms is a cause of the nulls in the antenna pattern, and has devised techniques disclosed herein to compensate or cancel the effects of the connection. In one embodiment, the arms of the cross dipole antenna that are coupled to a center conductor of the coaxial cable remain of conventional length, but the arms of the cross dipole antenna that are coupled to a shield of the coaxial cable are lengthened by a fraction of the radius of the outer diameter of the coaxial cable.
US08441399B2	Three-dimensional slot antenna A three-dimensional slot antenna includes a loop conductor, a first conductor arm, a second conductor arm, and a third conductor arm. The first radiator section, the second radiator section and the third radiator section are disposed on a same plane. The second radiator section cooperates with the first and third radiator sections to form a first slot segment. The first radiator section further cooperates with the third radiator section to form a second slot segment. The first and second slot segments form a substantially T-shaped slot.
US08441398B2	Receivers, circuits, and methods to improve GNSS time-to-fix and other performances An electronic circuit for a satellite receiver. The electronic circuit includes a correlator circuit operable to supply a data signal including ephemeris data and a subsequent satellite time datum, and a data processor operable to infer satellite time TS from as few as one of the ephemeris data prior to the satellite time datum. Other circuits, devices, receivers, systems, processes of operation and processes of manufacture are also disclosed.
US08441396B2	Systems and methods of providing error tolerant robust simplex wireless data for systems employing time correlated data transfer Systems and methods of providing error tolerant robust simplex wireless data for systems employing time correlated data transfer are provided. In one embodiment, a system comprises: sensors that produce samples of time correlated data; and a node coupled to the sensors by a wireless link. The link comprises a primary stream for simplex transmission of data packets, and a secondary stream for simplex transmission of delayed data packets, the delayed data packets a delayed retransmission of the time correlated data. When the node receives a first data packet from a first sensor via the primary stream, the data receiving node check validity. When the first data packet is corrupted, the node validity checks a second data packet received via the secondary stream. When both packets contain corrupted data, the node builds a reconstructed plurality of sequential time correlated data samples based on non-corrupted data samples from within the data packets.
US08441394B2	System and method for detecting obstructions and misalignment of ground vehicle radar systems A system, controller, antenna, and method for detecting obstruction and misalignment of a ground vehicle radar having an antenna configured to detect objects in a first direction characterized as being substantially parallel to a horizontal plane about the ground vehicle, and detect objects in a second direction characterized as being toward a roadway surface proximate to the ground vehicle. The second direction radar return from the roadway is expected to have certain characteristics. If the characteristics are outside of a predetermined window, then obstruction and/or misalignment of the first direction and the second direction is likely, and so the radar may not reliably detect an object in the first direction, such as a vehicle in an adjacent lane.
US08441390B2	Event detecting apparatus An event detecting apparatus capable of high-precision detection of an event even by use of a narrow-band signal comprises: a plurality of antennas 21 that receive radio waves transmitted from a transmitter, a correlation matrix operation unit 22 that expresses signals received by the plurality of antennas 21 as received vectors, to operate a correlation matrix on the basis of the received vectors, an eigenvector operation unit 23 that performs eigenvalue expansion of the correlation matrix operated by the correlation matrix operation unit 22, to operate eigenvectors covering a signal subspace, and an event detecting unit 24 that detects a temporal change in the eigenvectors operated by the eigenvector operation unit 23, to detect an event.
US08441388B2	Remote control devices and methods A remote control device comprising a motion detector consisting of a single accelerometer, means for receiving data from the motion detector and mapping the received motion detector data to at least one user instruction, and means for transmitting a signal indicative of the at least one user instruction.
US08441380B2	Method and apparatus for performing data conversion with non-uniform quantization A method for converting a sampled analog signal into digital is provided. An input signal is sampled at a sampling instant to generate a sample voltage. A first current is then applied to a node to change a voltage on the node, and a first interval to change the voltage on the node to a reference voltage from the sample voltage using the first current is determined. A second current is then applied to the node to change a voltage on the node prior to a subsequent sampling instant, and a determination of a second interval to change the voltage on the node to the reference voltage from the sample voltage using the second current is made.
US08441379B2	Device and method for digitizing a signal A device (10) for generating a digital output signal by digitizing an analog input signal is disclosed. The device (10) comprises a first signal path comprising a first ADC (20a) arranged to convert a first component of the analog input signal, residing in a first frequency band (40), to a first digital signal, and a second signal path comprising a second ADC (20b) arranged to convert a second component of the analog input signal, residing in a second frequency band (50), to a second digital signal. The first and the second frequency band (40, 50) overlap, such that there is a common frequency sub band (60), which is comprised in both the first and the second frequency band (40, 50). The device (10) comprises a combination unit (30). The combination unit (10) is adapted to determine, based on signal content of the first and second digital signal in the common frequency sub band (60), at least one parameter indicating a mismatch between the first and the second signal path in the common frequency sub band (60). Furthermore, the combination unit (10) is adapted to generate a first compensated digital signal and a second compensated digital for compensating the mismatch between the first and the second signal path in the common frequency sub band (60). Moreover, the combination unit (10) is adapted to combine the first compensated digital signal and the second compensated digital signal for generating the digital output signal. Corresponding methods are also disclosed.
US08441378B2	Capacitor mismatch error correction in pipeline analog-to-digital converters Various embodiments of methods and devices for reducing capacitor mismatch errors in a pipeline analog-to-digital converter (ADC) are disclosed. A plurality of pipeline element circuits are provided, where each pipeline element circuit corresponds to a given bit of the pipeline ADC. A first pipeline element circuit is configured to digitize analog A and B capacitor mismatch error calibration voltages generated by all the pipeline element circuits of the ADC when the pipeline ADC is operating in a capacitor mismatch calibration phase. According to one embodiment, digital representations corresponding to A and B capacitor mismatch error calibration voltages for each of the pipeline element circuits are provided to an output shift register and summing circuit, which generates capacitor mismatch error correction codes corresponding to each bit and pipeline element circuit. The capacitor mismatch error correction codes are applied to each bit weight of the pipeline ADC after conversion of analog signals input to the pipeline ADC has been completed.
US08441375B2	Aircraft power failure simulation apparatus and method A flight management verification apparatus adapted to verify at least one flight management, wherein the flight management in use outputs a warning, disables an aircraft and/or inhibits the activation thereof in response to a power fail condition. The flight management verification apparatus comprises a first connection means adapted to be disposed in a first power indicator line to a first flight management, wherein the first power indicator line provides a signal representative of a condition of a first power supply, and further comprises a first switch connected in use such that the signal of the power indicator line for the first flight management means is switched. Actuating the switch causes the signal on the power indicator line to change indicating a distortion or failure of the power supply of the aircraft and/or a part thereof. The response of the flight management can be verified by the signal output by the flight management, e.g. on a display, or in that the aircraft is deactivated and/or cannot be activated.
US08441374B2	Traveling support device and traveling support method A traveling support device includes: a road-vehicle communication portion that receives first current-signal information relating to a signal displayed by a traffic signal at a first clock time, from a road side transmitter installed on a road; an inter-vehicle communication portion that receives second current-signal information relating to a signal displayed by the traffic signal at a second clock time, from another vehicle that receives the second current-signal information from the road side transmitter; and a signal cycle estimating portion that estimates signal cycle information relating to transition of the signal on the traffic signal on the basis of the first current-signal information received by the road-vehicle communication portion and the second current-signal information received by the inter-vehicle communication portion.
US08441359B2	Fire distinguishing device A fire distinguishing device includes: a detection device which detects an outbreak of a fire; a fire presence/absence distinguishing device which distinguishes the presence or absence of the fire; and a cumulative time determining device which determines the cumulative time required for distinguishing the presence or absence of the fire, in the fire presence/absence distinguishing device. The cumulative time determining device distinguishes an environment type of an environment where the detection device is installed, or a phenomenon type of a phenomenon being detected by the detection device, and further determines the cumulative time according to the distinguished environment type or phenomenon type.
US08441358B2	Temperature monitoring system for power transformers submerged in oil Temperature monitoring system for power transformers submerged in oil applied preferentially in transformers submerged in oil and it presents several facilities in the sense of becoming temperature monitoring more reliable and safe, with highlight for the redundant measurement of temperature of the top of the oil; self-calibration of the temperature measurement entrances by means of internal references and specific electronic circuits; timing between successive activation of the groups of forced cooling when the deactivation of monitoring system on screen; internal watches with auxiliary alimentation without battery; safety reinforced in the alarms signaling for elevated temperature and finally automatic adjustment of the alarm values of the temperature differential of the commuter of derivations in load.
US08441356B1	Methods for remote assistance of disabled persons A mobile terminal is used to assist individuals with disabilities. A mobile terminal such as a “smartphone” or other commercially available wireless handheld device may be loaded with software. The software may be configured to: (i) store criteria for managing communications between a disabled user of the mobile terminal and a remote caregiver, (ii) determine whether a criterion is satisfied, and if so (iii) initiate a communication from the mobile terminal to the remote caregiver, and (iv) receive a response from the remote caregiver. Thus, through this software, the mobile terminal may dynamically facilitate communications with specific remote caregivers based on specific situations that may confront disabled individuals.
US08441350B2	Apparatus and method for operation of a display device to provide a home security alarm An apparatus and method are provided for operation of a display device to provide a home security alarm. In one embodiment, a method includes receiving a user alarm activation command by the display device; initiating a detection mode, by the display device, based on the user command; and detecting, by a sensor of the display device, at least one of a presence and motion within a target area of the display device. The process may also include outputting an alarm signal, by the display device, based on detecting the at least one of a presence and motion in the target area.
US08441349B1	Change detection in a monitored environment Systems and methods for detecting one or more changes in a monitored environment are provided. A method includes transmitting interrogation signals to sensors distributed in a monitored environment at a substantially constant power. A first set of the interrogation signals is transmitted to a first sensor. The method also includes receiving first response signals from the first sensor in response to the first set of interrogation signals transmitted to the first sensor. The method also includes determining an average parameter of the first response signals from the first sensor. The method also includes comparing the average parameter of the first response signals to an average parameter of baseline signals corresponding to the first sensor. The method also includes determining a statistical significance of the average parameter of the first response signals based on the comparison, and generating a change detection indicator based on the statistical significance.
US08441348B2	Multiple device loss status retrieval without ID provision A system is disclosed that enables multiple electronic devices to be tracked in the case of theft or loss without the need for monitoring or tracking the devices prior to the loss or theft. The system operates by sending bulk status information regarding the lost/stolen statuses of multiple devices to one of these devices. The receiving device then decodes the bulk status information to determine its own lost/stolen status. If the status reveals that the device is currently reported as lost or stolen, the device initiates an appropriate security action, such as the transmission of its location to a monitoring center.
US08441346B2	Vehicle gate ajar notification method A vehicle user is notified of a rear gate ajar condition so that the user can take corrective action by opening and then re-closing the rear gate. The method includes the steps of determining that the rear gate latch has engaged a latch striker but has not reached a fully latched position; operating a vehicle mounted signaling device that is cognizable by a user while still standing at the rear gate so that the user will receive immediate notification that the rear gate latch has not reached the fully latched position, thereby enabling the user to take immediate corrective action by opening and then re-closing the gate to attempt a fully latched position of the rear gate latch; and then, if the vehicle is started without the lift gate operator having taken corrective action to obtain full latching of the rear gate latch, energizing a lift gate ajar light on the instrument panel so that the vehicle driver is notified to take corrective action before driving away.
US08441343B1	Handheld mobile device viewing angle indicator A pitch recognition and optimization angle detector is integrated into a portable handheld electronic device, such as a text messaging device, to alert the user of an incorrect pitch to avoid excessive neck strain and potential injury. The pitch detector determines the angle in which the messaging device is currently oriented and compares the angle to an acceptable angle range. The detection system communicates information pertaining to the pitch to the user via either a pitch level indicator or an alert when the device is held outside of the acceptable angle range. The alert can be an icon, a color-coded display, a tactile alert, and an audible alert. The user can select the alert type or types. The acceptable angle range can be a default or user programmable.
US08441342B2	Pseudo-random authentification code altering scheme for a transponder and a base station An electric circuit for a transponder (110) for communication with a base station (120), the electric circuit comprising a memory unit (111) adapted for storing communication related information, and a processor unit (112) adapted for altering an authentification code necessary for the base station (120) to get access to the memory (111) in accordance with a pseudo-random authentification code altering scheme.
US08441340B2	Tag communication devices A contactless tag reader device comprises upper and lower electrodes which together define a tag location zone between them in which multiple tags can be placed. The lower electrode and the upper electrode are offset from each other such that they substantially do not overlap. This structure is used to sandwich tags vertically between two horizontally (laterally) offset reader electrodes. This enables power coupling and data transfer using capacitive coupling.
US08441334B2	Electronic circuit and electronic device An electronic circuit includes a first inductor, a second inductor that is magnetically coupled with the first inductor, induced current flowing through the second inductor by a magnetic field generated by the first inductor, and a current changing part that is connected to the second inductor and is configured to change the induced current that flows through the second inductor.
US08441331B2	Planar magnetic structure A planar magnetic structure has an electrically insulating carrier made up of a base portion and opposed upstanding sidewalls. A plurality of planar primary windings and planar secondary windings are interstitially disposed within the carrier with planar dielectric spacers located between each adjacent pair of windings. A ferrite core envelopes the assembly to magnetically couple the windings. The carrier and windings form at least two spaces-apart sets of cooperating registration features which maintain the windings in fixed alignment with the carrier.
US08441329B2	Input/output system and devices for use with superconducting devices An I/O system and device for use with superconducting device provides multi-stage filtering using superconducting electrical pathways, while providing good thermal conductivity to maintain low temperature of the various components and allowing the easy mounting and dismounting of a device sample from a refrigerated environment. Filtering may include a lumped element filter assembly including multiple plates each carrying a number of lumped element filters. Filtering may include a metal powder filter assembly including multiple metal power filters formed in passages of a substantially non-magnetic portions. A device sample holder assembly secures a device sample, for example a superconducting quantum processor, and provides signals, ground and good thermal conduction.
US08441322B1	Broadband linearization by elimination of harmonics and intermodulation in amplifiers An amplifier device includes an initial amplifier stage configured to receive a differential input signal at a first leg and a second leg; a final amplifier stage coupled to outputs of the initial amplifier stage, the final amplifier stage including a primary signal amplifier and an error amplifier in each of the first and second legs; and wherein an output of the error amplifier of the first leg is combined with an output of the primary signal amplifier in the second leg, and an output of the error amplifier of the second leg is combined with an output of the primary signal amplifier in the first leg.
US08441319B2	Method and apparatus for biasing rail to rail DMOS amplifier output stage An amplifier comprises: an input stage for receiving incoming signals; a high gain stage coupled to the input stage and providing driving signals in response to the incoming signals to an output driver stage; and an output terminal coupled to the output driver stage. The output driver stage comprises a high side driver circuit having a first terminal receiving a first driving signal pdrive from the high gain stage, a second terminal coupled VDD through a first voltage drop, and a third terminal coupled to the output terminal of the amplifier.
US08441317B1	Tapered-impedance distributed switching power amplifier A distributed power amplifier may include a plurality of switching power amplifier sub-circuits, and a plurality of connection network sub-circuits, each of the plurality connection network sub-circuits having a characteristic impedance, wherein each of the plurality of connection network sub-circuits combines two or more of the plurality of switching power amplifier sub-circuits into a parallel or series configuration, wherein the plurality of switching power amplifier sub-circuits, the plurality of connection network sub-circuits and the characteristic impedance of each of the plurality of connection network sub-circuits are configured to present each of the plurality of switching power amplifier sub-circuits with a substantially equivalent load impedance.
US08441314B1	Configurable clock network for programmable logic device In a programmable logic device having high-speed serial interface channels, a clock distribution network for providing one or more high-speed clocks to dynamic phase alignment circuitry of those high-speed serial interfaces includes at least one bus that is segmentable (e.g. using tristatable buffers). This allows the bus to be divided into different portions that can be connected to different clock sources when the high-speed serial interfaces are running at different speeds. In one embodiment, the segmenting elements (e.g., the aforementioned buffers) are located between selected channels (e.g., every fourth channel), limiting the size of the different segments. In another embodiment, segmenting elements are located between each channel, allowing complete user freedom in selecting the sizes of the segments. Thus, instead of providing a bus for every clock source, multiple clocks can be made available to different channels by segmenting a single bus.
US08441310B2	Power control based on dual loop with multiple process detection circuits According to an example embodiment, an apparatus for controlling a power supply voltage for an integrated circuit may be provided, which may include a plurality of different types of process region detection circuits, each process region detection circuit configured to identify a respective process region of a plurality of process regions. The apparatus may also include a voltage selection circuit configured to determine a highest voltage among the voltages associated with the identified process regions and to select a power supply voltage for the integrated circuit that is equal to the highest voltage, one or more functional test circuits configured to perform a functional test using the selected power supply voltage, and a voltage adjuster circuit configured to increase the selected power supply voltage if the functional test fails.
US08441308B2	Bias current generator An electronic device generates a current with a predetermined temperature coefficient. The circuit comprises a temperature coefficient (TC) component receiving a bias current, a differential amplifier providing a buffered output voltage based on the voltage across the TC component and a resistor receiving an TC current based on the differential amplifier output voltage. The differential amplifier has a predetermined input related offset which decreases the voltage drop across the resistor. The temperature coefficient component could have either a negative temperature component (NTC) or a positive temperature component (PTC).
US08441307B2	Methods and circuits for a low input voltage charge pump A charge pump circuit comprises a plurality of subcircuits, where the subcircuits are connected to each other in a single or a dual array having a repeating pattern. Each of the subcircuits comprises one or more of the following: an X-channel device having an X-gate terminal, an X-source terminal and an X-drain terminal, a Y-channel device having a Y-gate terminal, a Y-source terminal and a Y-drain terminal, and a capacitor; wherein a first end of the capacitor, the X-drain terminal, and the Y-drain terminal are connected with each other to form the common drain terminal; and wherein a second end of the capacitor is the clock terminal.
US08441306B2	Poly fuse burning system This invention provides a poly fuse burning system comprising a poly fuse, a controllable power source supplying power for burning the poly fuse, and a monitor circuit monitoring the burning state of the poly fuse, wherein when a targeted burning state is reached, a control signal is output to shut down the controllable power source to stop the burning.
US08441300B2	Interface circuit, LSI, server device, and method of training the interface circuit Power consumption is increased in an interface circuit having a signal processing function for waveform shaping due to influence of a circuit added for waveform shaping. Also, since a plurality of boards are connected to a backplane in a system, they are not exchanged in accordance with distances while there are boards being far or near are mixed, but a common board is used. Thus, it is necessary to prepare a configuration of an interface circuit meeting the longest transfer distance. An interface circuit disabling a part of or all of operations of a waveform shaping circuit is provided. Accordingly, in accordance with transfer distances, switching of operation ranges of waveform shaping circuit inside the interface circuit is possible, and operation ranges of the waveform shaping circuit can be limited, and power consumption of the interface circuit, an LSI including the interface circuit, and a server device can be reduced.
US08441299B2	Dual path level shifter Dual path level shifter methods and devices are described. The described level shifter devices can comprise voltage-to-current and current-to-voltage converters.
US08441298B1	Analog bus sharing using transmission gates In one example, a chip includes an integrated analog component configured to communicate over an internal analog bus of the chip. A plurality of I/O pads located on the chip is configured to provide a connected device access to the integrated analog component. A plurality of transmission gates configured to selectively connect the I/O pads to a bus line of the analog bus.
US08441295B2	Delay generator A delay generator comprises: a current source for supplying a current; a first delay portion, connected to the current source, comprising at least a plurality of inverters and a first capacitor having a first capacitance; and a second delay portion, connected to the current source, comprising at least a plurality of inverters and a second capacitor having a second capacitance, wherein the first capacitance is the same as the second capacitance, wherein the first delay portion generates a first delay by discharging of the first capacitor, wherein the second delay portion generates a second delay by charging of the second capacitor, and wherein the total delay generated by the delay generator is obtained by summation of the first delay and the second delay.
US08441294B2	Data holding circuit A data holding circuit including a first input terminal through which data is inputted; at least one delay element for delaying the data inputted through the first input terminal; and a first element for holding data, wherein, when the data inputted through the first input terminal and the data delayed by the delay element are equal to each other, the first element holds data corresponding to the data inputted through the first input terminal and wherein, when the data inputted through the first input terminal and the data delayed by the delay element are different from each other, the first element continues to hold the data presently held by the first element.
US08441293B2	Method and apparatus for pulse width modulation An integrated control circuit according to aspects of the present invention includes an oscillator, a capacitor, and a logic gate. The oscillator generates a periodic timing signal that cycles between a first logic state for a first time duration and a second logic state for a second time duration. The capacitor receives a charge current in response to the periodic timing signal transitioning to the first logic state, where a voltage on the capacitor increases for the first time duration to an initial value. The logic gate generates a periodic output signal having a duty ratio that is responsive to a time that it takes the capacitor to discharge from the initial value to a reference voltage. A period of the periodic output signal is the period of the periodic timing signal.
US08441292B1	Delaying data signals In one embodiment, multiple (serializer/deserializer) SERDES channels are aligned by selectively slipping one or more of the incoming serial data streams one bit at a time prior to deserialization. Within each SERDES channel, a slip circuit slips the corresponding serial data stream by one bit (i.e., one unit interval (UI)) by extending the high portion of the duty cycle of a corresponding clock signal. The high portion of the clock signal is extended using a 3-to-1 mux that selects a fixed high signal, such as the high power supply rail, as an intermediate mux output signal whenever transitioning between two different applied clock signals that are offset from one another by one UI. In this way, the slip circuit avoids glitches that might otherwise result from switching directly between the two clock signals.
US08441291B2	PLL using interpolative divider as digitally controlled oscillator One or more PLLs are formed on an integrated circuit. Each PLL includes an interpolative divider configured as a digitally controlled oscillator, which receives a reference clock signal and supplies an output signal divided according to a divide ratio. A feedback divider is coupled to the output signal of the interpolative divider and supplies a divided output signal as a feedback signal. A phase detector receives the feedback signal and a clock signal to which the PLL locks. The phase detector supplies a phase error corresponding to a difference between the clock signal and the feedback signal and the divide ratio is adjusted according to the phase error.
US08441290B2	Method and apparatus for simplifying the control of a switch A half bridge converter includes a transformer with a high side switch coupled between a first input terminal and a primary winding of the transformer. A low side switch is coupled between a second input terminal and the primary winding. A first control circuit is coupled to the first input terminal and the primary winding to control the high side switch in response to a rate of voltage change with respect to time across the high side switch while the high side switch is off. A second control circuit coupled to the primary winding and the second input terminal to control the low side switch in response to a rate of voltage change with respect to time across the low side switch while the low side switch is off.
US08441284B1	Flexible updating of multi-bit registers Various techniques are provided to flexibly update data fields stored in multi-bit registers. In one example, a method of updating a control register within an integrated circuit includes storing a plurality of initial bit values in the control register within the integrated circuit. The method also includes receiving a data set comprising one or more corrective bit values and one or more non-corrective bit values. The method also includes performing a logic operation on the received data set and the initial bit values to provide updated bit values. The method also includes replacing the initial bit values with the updated bit values in the control register.
US08441281B2	Current-mode logic buffer with enhanced output swing A differential buffer circuit having increased output voltage swing includes a differential input stage including at least first and second transistors, the first and second transistors being operative to receive first and second signals, respectively. The buffer circuit further includes a bias stage connected between the differential input stage and a first voltage source. The bias stage is operative to generate a quiescent current as a function of a third signal supplied to the bias stage. A load circuit is connected between a second voltage source and the differential input stage, first and second differential outputs of the buffer circuit being generated at a junction between the load circuit and the differential input stage. The load circuit includes first and second switching elements coupled with the first and second transistors, respectively. The first switching element is operative to electrically connect the first differential output to the second voltage source when the first transistor is turned off. The second switching element is operative to electrically connect the second differential output to the second voltage source when the second transistor is turned off.
US08441280B1	Safety component in a programmable components chain An electronic circuit includes a plurality of programmable components connected in an electronic chain. An interface is adapted to connect the programmable components to an external controller wherein the controller is adapted to program the programmable components. A component isolation element is connected to the interface at an input end and to the electronic chain of the programmable components at an output end wherein the isolation element is adapted to isolate one component of the programmable components from the electronic chain and wherein the one component is a safety component.
US08441278B2	Stacked semiconductor device and method of connection test in the same A stacked semiconductor device includes a first semiconductor device equipped with a first semiconductor chip 14 having a transistor circuit and protection diodes, and a second semiconductor device equipped with a second semiconductor chip 24 having a transistor circuit and protection diodes, and stacked on the first semiconductor device via a connection portion, wherein a power supply line connected to the first and second semiconductor chips is used in common, and a forward ON voltage of the protection diodes of the first semiconductor chip is set higher than a forward ON voltage of the protection diodes of the second semiconductor chip 24. When a connection test is executed, the forward ON voltage of the protection diodes of the first semiconductor chip or the second semiconductor chip is detected and then normal/open is judged.
US08441277B2	Semiconductor testing device, semiconductor device, and testing method A semiconductor test apparatus, semiconductor device, and test method are provided that enable the realization of a high-speed delay test. Semiconductor test apparatuses (1a-1c) include: flip-flops (11) each provided with first input terminal SI, second input terminal D, mode terminal SE that accepts a mode signal indicating either a first mode or a second mode, clock terminal CK that accepts a clock signal, and output terminal Q, the flip-flops (11) selecting first input terminal SI when the mode signal indicates the first mode, selecting second input terminal D when the mode signal indicates the second mode, and holding information being received by the input terminal that was selected based on the mode signal in synchronization with the clock signal and supplying as output from output terminal Q; and hold unit 12 that holds a set value and that provides the set value to first input terminal SI.
US08441275B1	Electronic device test fixture An electronic device test fixture deploys a plurality of contact elements in a dielectric housing. The plumb arrangement of contact elements each include an armature or transversal configured to first depress and then slide laterally when urged downward by the external contacts of a device under test. The rotary movement of the transversal is optimized via the configuration of a surrounding forked regulator such that surface oxide deposition on the external device under test terminal is disrupted to reliably minimize contact resistance without damaging or unduly stressing the electrical junction of the device under test.
US08441270B2	AC detection circuit for power supply There is provided an alternating current (AC) detection circuit for power supply, the AC circuit including: a rectifying part rectifying an AC voltage; a voltage division part dividing the voltage rectified by the rectifying part according to a preset division ratio; a voltage stabilization circuit part stabilizing the voltage divided by the voltage division part; and a first square wave generating part comparing the voltage stabilized by the voltage stabilization circuit part with an internal reference voltage, and generating a first square wave signal having a duty ratio according to comparison results between the stabilized voltage and the internal reference.
US08441268B2	Non-contact detection of surface fluid droplets A system for detecting fluid on a substrate is provided. The system includes, but is not limited to, a sensor board, a first capacitive sensor, and a platform upon which the substrate is to be placed. The first capacitive sensor is mounted on the sensor board. The first capacitive sensor has a transmit sensor pad for transmitting a signal, a receive sensor pad for receiving the signal, and an analog-to-digital convertor connected with the receive sensor pad for analyzing the received signal. The platform is a first distance from the transmit and receive sensor pads.
US08441259B2	Transmit/receive coil for ultra-high field MRI A magnetic resonance coil comprises a first set of coil elements (54, 56, 80) operatively connectable with a transmit channel (66, 74) to couple with a transmit region of sensitivity for a selected load at a magnetic field strength greater than 3 Tesla, and a second set of coil elements (52, 54, 82) operatively connectable with a receive channel (66, 74) to couple with a receive region of sensitivity for the selected load at the magnetic field strength greater than 3 Tesla. The first set of coil elements is arranged proximate to but not surrounding the transmit region of sensitivity, and the second set of coil elements is arranged proximate to but not surrounding the receive region of sensitivity. The first set of coil elements and the second set of coil elements having at least one coil element (52, 56) not in common. The first and second sets of coil elements define transmit and receive regions of sensitivity for the selected load at the magnetic field strength greater than 3 Tesla that are substantially similar.
US08441258B2	Quadrature and linear RF coil array for MRI of human spine and torso A radio frequency (RF) coil array includes a plurality of RF coil sections arranged in a superior-inferior direction. Each RF coil section includes a first linear coil element, a loop-saddle coil quadrature pair and a second linear coil element configured in an overlapping arrangement in a left-right direction. The position of the first linear coil element and the second linear coil element on the left and right may be shifted in the superior-inferior direction with respect to the center loop-saddle coil quadrature pair.
US08441255B1	Thermocooling of GMR sensors A thermoelectrically cooled GMR sensor having a first thermoelectric layer with an array of nanowires, wherein the nanowires include a diameter of about 1 nanometer to about 1000 nanometers. A plurality of alternating layers of magnetic and nonmagnetic material are positioned over and extend the nanowires to form a GMR assembly. A second thermoelectric layer is positioned over the GMR assembly and extends the nanowires, such that the nanowires have a length of between about 100 nanometers and about 500 microns. Conductors are placed in contact with the first and second thermoelectric layers for connecting the thermoelectric layers to a voltage source.
US08441254B2	Encoder using magnet drop out feature for theft detection An encoder to be mounted to a shaft extending from a piston meter configured to compute a volume of distributed fluid includes a magnet affixed to the shaft via a floating magnet holder, a magnetic sensor configured to sense the flux density and direction of a magnetic field created by the magnet and to output a signal indicating the flux density and direction of the magnetic field to a printed circuit board, and the printed circuit board configured to output a signal indicating the volume of distributed fluid if the encoder has not been tampered with and configured to output an error signal if the encoder has been tampered with.
US08441249B2	High voltage measurement device using poled fibers Two transversely poled fibers are disclosed which can be wound around a holder with their poling directions being anti-parallel. A coupling exchanges the polarization directions of the modes of the fibers. Thermally and mechanically caused birefringence changes can thereby be substantially cancelled, while electrical field induced birefringence changes can be added, to provide a more robust high voltage measuring device.
US08441238B2	Zero current detecting circuit and related synchronous switching power converter A zero current detecting circuit is disclosed. The zero current detecting circuit includes a first zero current comparator for determining current variation on an inductor of a synchronous switching power converter so as to accordingly turn off a down-bridge transistor of the synchronous power converter; a second zero current comparator for determining whether the first zero current comparator turns off the down-bridge transistor too early or too late and outputting a comparison result, and a counter coupled to the second zero current comparator for ascending or descending a control bit according to the comparison result.
US08441234B2	Detecting module for a battery equalizer and method for detecting a battery equalizer A detecting module is for detecting a battery equalizer of a power supply device. The detecting module includes a current detecting unit, a drive circuit, and a control circuit. The current detecting unit is to be coupled to the battery equalizer and a battery set of the power supply device, and generates an output based on detected current flow through the battery equalizer. The drive circuit is to be coupled to the battery equalizer for driving operation of the battery equalizer. The control circuit is coupled to the drive circuit and the current detecting unit, controls the drive circuit to drive operation of the battery equalizer and determines, according to the output of the current detecting circuit, whether the battery equalizer is in a normal operating state.
US08441233B2	Protocols for reporting power status over multiple buses An automated power reporting system is provided in one aspect. The system includes one or more devices that can report or transmit power status information over a bus or network. A protocol component utilizes a generalized protocol to process or convert the power status information over the network in order to facilitate power management operations for a plurality of devices. In this manner, devices that send power information can interact and exploit personal computing resources in order to better help users manage limited power resources for their respective devices.
US08441232B2	Electronic apparatus and display method of remaining battery level The electronic apparatus allows a user to arbitrarily set a display of a remaining battery level. The apparatus includes a detector which detects a remaining battery level of a battery, and a threshold-value-setting part which is operated by a user to set a threshold value for performing a display relating to the remaining battery level. The apparatus further includes a controller which displays in a display device an image representing the remaining battery level in accordance with the result of a comparison between the remaining battery level detected by the detector and the threshold value set with the threshold-value-setting part.
US08441230B2	Battery charger An energy-efficient and compact battery charger. The battery charger includes, among other things, a charging port, a power supply module, a battery charger control module or controller, a power control safety module, a battery charger switch, and an indicator. The controller, the power control safety module, and the battery charger switch work in conjunction with each other to control the operation of the battery charger. The controller is configured to execute a charging control process which detects the insertion of a battery pack into the charging port, controls the charging of the battery pack, and controls the illumination or display of the indicator. The power control safety module includes a power control safety circuit that is configured to prevent the charging current and/or the charging voltage from damaging the battery charger or battery pack during a malfunction.
US08441222B2	System and method for determining pump pressure based on motor current A system for measuring current in an H-Bridge motor drive circuit and using that current to determine the output of a device powered by the motor. A particular embodiment is disclosed for a motor-driven fluid pump. Motor current is measured at predetermined pump pressures and flow rates to create calibration tables relating motor current to pump pressure. Once calibrated, the system determines pump pressure based on motor current by referring to the calibration tables. In an embodiment, the pump is driven to achieve a predetermined fluid dispense profile. The system monitors pump pressure by measuring motor current and determines if the dispense profile is being achieved and sets alarms if predetermined thresholds are not maintained. The system also detects pump wear based on the current measurements and issues warnings to the user in such conditions.
US08441221B2	Windshield wiper control system The present invention relates to a low-cost windshield wiper control system which can be readily incorporated into existing vehicle systems, particularly into an operator-accessible windshield wiper control unit assembly (100). The windshield wiper control assembly (100) is selectively operable as an intermittent wiper control system, or as a rain sensing windshield wiper control system without the need for microprocessors or multiplex circuitry.
US08441213B2	Bidirectional phase cut modulation over AC power conductors A system includes a controller and line units. The controller receives AC power from a power source and supplies an AC power signal via two conductors to the units. In one example, the controller is a dimmer switch and the units are intelligent LED lamps. The controller uses phase cut modulation to communicate information (for example, lighting control commands) to the units. The units receive the AC power signal, demodulate and recover the phase cut modulated information, and optionally communicate information back to the controller using load modulation. An addressed unit changes loading on the two conductors from phase cut time to phase cut time, thereby modulating information onto the AC power signal. The controller monitors the AC power signal, and demodulates and recovers the information. The overall bidirectional communication is referred to as bidirectional phase cut modulation over AC power conductors. Units can be controlled individually or in groups.
US08441210B2	Adaptive current regulation for solid state lighting Exemplary embodiments provide an apparatus, system and method for power conversion to provide power to solid state lighting, and which may be coupled to a first switch, such as a dimmer switch. An exemplary system for power conversion comprises: a switching power supply comprising a second, power switch; solid state lighting coupled to the switching power supply; a voltage sensor; a current sensor; a memory; a first adaptive interface circuit to provide a resistive impedance to the first switch and conduct current from the first switch in a default mode; a second adaptive interface circuit to create a resonant process when the first switch turns on; and a controller to modulate the second adaptive interface circuit when the first switch turns on to provide a current path during the resonant process of the switching power supply.
US08441209B2	Lighting device having variable current source To provide a lighting device in which the luminance of an EL element is maintained even when the EL element deteriorates so that degradation of the lighting device is reduced, the lighting device includes a surface light source portion including an organic EL element, and a control circuit portion provided in a base portion. The control circuit portion counts a lighting time of the organic EL element and controls the luminance of the organic EL element in accordance with the lighting time. Accordingly, the lighting device in which the luminance of an EL element is maintained regardless of degradation of the EL element so that degradation of the lighting device is reduced can be provided.
US08441204B2	Power supply device and lighting equipment provided with power supply device A power supply device according to one embodiment is configured to control a lighting of semiconductor light-emitting elements, wherein a dimming signal is canceled during a predetermined time period (T) from a timing immediately after power-ON, so as to light on light-emitting diodes to have a predetermined light amount, for example, a minimum light amount. After an elapse of the predetermined time period (T), cancellation of the dimming signal is released to light on the light-emitting diodes to have a light amount instructed by the dimming signal.
US08441200B2	Electronic ballast and method for operating at least one first and second discharge lamp An electronic ballast for operating at least two discharge lamps is provided, which may include a starting detection apparatus for detecting whether one of the discharge lamps has been started; wherein a drive circuit includes an input, which is coupled to a starting detection apparatus, wherein a threshold value entry apparatus is designed to enter a second threshold value for a setpoint value of a total current through at least two inductances, wherein the second threshold value has a smaller magnitude than a first threshold value; and wherein the drive circuit is designed to drive a first electronic switch and a second electronic switch taking into consideration the first threshold value as setpoint value prior to detection of the starting of a discharge lamp by the starting detection apparatus, and taking into consideration the second threshold value as setpoint value.
US08441199B2	Method and apparatus for an intelligent light emitting diode driver having power factor correction capability The present invention relates to circuits and methods for controlling one or more LED strings. The circuit comprises a programmable controller coupled to one or more detectors, wherein the one or more detectors are configured to detect one or more measurable parameters of one or more LEDs or LED drivers. The controller is configured to receive information from the one or more detectors related to the one or more measurable parameters and use that information to determine the desired drive voltage for the LED strings. The controller is associated with a power supply having power factor correction (PFC) capability. The controller provides the power supply with a control signal indicative of the desired drive voltage for one or more LED strings. The power supply also receives ac voltage and current waveforms as inputs and performs power factor correction and rectified waveforms related to the ac waveforms. The power supply generates the desired drive voltage based on the control signal.
US08441178B2	Display substrate, organic light emitting diode display device, and manufacturing method thereof A display substrate, an organic light emitting diode display device having the same, and a manufacturing method thereof are disclosed. The display substrate includes a first pixel separating portion and a second pixel separating portion extending from the pixel separating portion and disposed around a pixel portion. Therefore, the number of processes for forming the organic light emitting diode display device can be reduced, and corrosion of a first electrode of the organic light emitting diode display device can be prevented.
US08441177B2	Plasma jet ignition plug A plasma jet ignition plug including an insulating body having an axial hole therethrough. A center electrode is inserted into the axial hole. A cavity portion is defined by the insulating body and center electrode, with the leading end of the axial hole as an opening end. A decreasing diameter portion decreasing in diameter toward a leading end side is formed on the axial hole, the leading end of the decreasing diameter portion is positioned closer to the leading end side than the leading end face of the center electrode. The inside diameter of the leading end of the decreasing diameter portion is made smaller than the outside diameter of the leading end face of the center electrode.
US08441176B1	Methods and apparatus for mechanical resonating structures Mechanical resonating structures and related methods are described. The mechanical resonating structures may provide improved efficiency over conventional resonating structures. Some of the structures have lengths and widths and are designed to vibrate in a direction approximately parallel to either the length or width. They may have boundaries bounding the length and width dimensions, which may substantially align with nodes or anti-nodes of vibration.
US08441166B2	Device for connecting together end winding parts of stator A device (10) for connecting together end winding parts (1) of stator bars (2) of an electric generator includes a first and a second element (11, 12) having sloped facing surfaces (13) defining two trapezoidal seats each housing a trapezoidal cursor (14), and one or two screws (15), axially fixed and rotatably movable with respect to the first and second element (11, 12) and having a threaded portion inserted in a threaded through hole (17) of the cursor (14).
US08441162B2	Multi-phase stator device Disclosed is a stator device adapted to be arranged in an electrical machine, where the electrical machine further comprises a moving device, where the stator device is a multi-phase stator device, where the phases are arranged side-by-side in a direction perpendicular to direction of motion of the moving device, and where each phase comprises a first stator core section having a set of teeth, a second stator core section having a set of teeth, and a coil, and where the teeth are arranged to protrude towards the moving device; and wherein at least two neighboring phases share a stator core section, so that the first stator core section of a first phase and a second stator core section of a second phase is formed as a single unit.
US08441158B2	Linear motor with reduced force ripple To further reduce force ripple of a linear motor, a primary part has a plurality of windings sequentially arranged in an axial direction and subdivided in the axial direction into groups having an identical number of windings. The sequence of the association of the windings with the phases of a multi-phase system is not repeated at least in a group of windings within the primary part as long as the winding sense of the corresponding windings in the group is maintained.
US08441156B2	Electrically conductive module An electrically conductive module is provided. The module includes a panel configured to engage with one or more conductive structural elements. The module further includes conductive layers formed on or in the panel. Each conductive layer has a terminal configured to be in electrical communication with at least one of the conductive structural elements. In one embodiment of the present invention, a first terminal is configured to be in electrical communication with a first conductive structural element and a second terminal is configured to be in electrical communication with a second conductive structural element. In another embodiment of the present invention, both a first terminal and a second terminal are configured to be in electrical communication with a first conductive structural element. In this embodiment, the first and second terminals are respectively configured to be in electrical communication with first and second conductive portions of the first conductive structural element.
US08441155B2	Electric timer for controlling power to a fan A fan controller that is capable of switching power to a fan between an “on” state and an “off” state in accordance with one or more programmable schedule. In some cases, fan controller may be programmed to display one or more screens for setting one or more parameters of the fan controller by interacting with a first button and/or a second button. In some cases, when the controller is in an operating mode, depressing a first button, second button, and/or a third button may temporarily override the programmable schedule and, in some cases, override the programmable schedule for a programmable period of time.
US08441154B2	Multi-resonator wireless energy transfer for exterior lighting A mobile wireless receiver for use with a first electromagnetic resonator coupled to a power supply and a second electromagnetic resonator coupled to at least one of a power supply and the first electromagnetic resonator. The mobile wireless receiver includes a load associated with an outdoor lighting unit that draws energy from the load to power a light source associated with the outdoor lighting unit, and a third electromagnetic resonator configured to be coupled to the load and movable relative to at least one of the first electromagnetic resonator and the second electromagnetic resonator, wherein the third resonator is configured to be wirelessly coupled to at least one of the first electromagnetic resonator and the second electromagnetic resonator to provide resonant, non-radiative wireless power to the third electromagnetic resonator from at least one of the first electromagnetic resonator and the second electromagnetic resonator.
US08441145B2	Modular power distribution system to drive DC and AC electrical loads, in particular for vehicle or domotics application A modular power distribution system configured to drive DC and AC electrical loads comprises logical units in different locations receiving DC and AC power lines for distribution to respectively DC and AC electrical loads in all of these locations. In each of the logical units, the system comprises one or more physical units, and in each of the physical units one or more power modules for the distribution of DC or AC power to one of the DC or AC electrical loads. Finally, the system comprises at least one master control unit for each of the logical units placed in one of physical units to control the functions of the pertaining logical unit.
US08441144B1	System for regulating current flow to a plurality of electrical devices A system for selectively regulating current flow to a plurality of electrical devices, being at least partially operative by wireless remote control and including a control assembly connected to at least a first power input and a second power input. The control assembly includes a plurality of outlet sections, each including at least one outlet structured to electrically connect an electrical device to either the first or second power inputs. A timing assembly is operatively structured for time based regulation of current flow from one of the power inputs to one of the outlet sections, wherein another outlet section includes switching capabilities structured to selectively establish a current flow connection with either the first or second power input. A receiver assembly is operatively connected to at least the timing assembly and structured for wireless, operative activation with a remote transmitting unit.
US08441142B2	Bearing device for a wind turbine nacelle The present invention relates to a wind turbine nacelle. This nacelle comprises a body, and a head. The body comprises a base which is designed to be fastened to the upper end of a wind turbine tower, and a tubular chamber which upwardly extends said base along a vertical axis. The head comprises a cavity which is designed for rotationally mounting blades and for accommodating a generator, and by a shroud which is secured to the cavity and arranged along a vertical axis so as to be pivotally mounted on the tubular chamber. Furthermore, the nacelle comprises pivot connection means which are arranged between the shroud and the tubular chamber and allow the head to be pivotally mounted on the body. Another aspect of the present invention concerns a wind turbine equipped with such a wind turbine nacelle.
US08441139B2	Apparatus for converting wave, solar and wind energy The various embodiments herein provide an apparatus for harnessing a wave energy, solar energy and wind energy. The apparatus comprises a floating frame, a base portion connected to the floating frame and at least two linkage units. The two linkage units are a basic linkage unit and a medium linkage unit. The apparatus includes a plurality of floating flaps and at least one power extraction means. A connecting pivot is provided in the linkage units and the base portion. The floating flaps are pivoted vertically on the basic linkage unit and the base portion. The flaps associated with the floating flaps are placed under water against prevailing waves and floats associated with the floating flaps are placed on surface of the water, for absorbing the wave energy from projected portions present at edges and middle portion of the flaps.
US08441138B2	Wind turbine For optimising annual energy production in a wind turbine, the invention provides a method by which operation of the turbine in accordance with different pre-specified modes depending on the wind direction towards the turbine is enabled. The modes may include pitch and/or power control strategies. The invention further provides a control system for a wind turbine adapted to operate in accordance with the method, and a wind turbine with such a control system.
US08441136B2	Protection layer for adhesive material at wafer edge This description relates to a semiconductor device including a wafer having a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface and a carrier attached to the first surface of the wafer by an adhesive layer, a portion of the adhesive layer adjacent to an edge of the wafer is exposed. The semiconductor device further includes a protection layer to cover the exposed portion of the adhesive layer. The semiconductor device further includes a plurality of dies attached to the second surface and a molding compound encapsulating the plurality of dies.
US08441135B2	Semiconductor device A semiconductor device includes a first semiconductor chip that includes a driver circuit, a second semiconductor chip that includes a receiver circuit and an external terminal, and a plurality of through silicon vias that connect the first semiconductor chip and the second semiconductor chip. The first semiconductor chip further includes an output switching circuit that selectively connects the driver circuit to any one of the through silicon vias, the second semiconductor chip further includes an input switching circuit that selectively connects the receiver circuit to any one of the through silicon vias and the external terminal, the input switching circuit includes tri-state inverters each inserted between the receiver circuit and an associated one of the through silicon vias and the external terminal, and the input switching circuit activates any one of the tri-state inverters.
US08441133B2	Semiconductor device A semiconductor device including a first substrate having first and second surfaces, multiple first mounting pads formed on the first surface of the first substrate and for mounting a first semiconductor element on the first surface of the first substrate, multiple first connection pads formed on the first surface of the first substrate and positioned on the periphery of the multiple first mounting pads, a second substrate formed on the first substrate and having first and second surfaces, the second substrate having a second penetrating electrode which penetrates through the first and second surfaces of the second substrate, multiple second mounting pads formed on the first surface of the second substrate and for mounting a second semiconductor element, and a conductive member formed on one of the first connection pads and electrically connecting an end portion of the second penetrating electrode and the one of the first connection pads.
US08441130B2	Power supply interconnect structure of semiconductor integrated circuit A power supply interconnect structure of a semiconductor integrated circuit includes a single borderless stack via electrically connecting power supply interconnects of two different interconnect layers to form a connecting portion of the interconnects, and a multi-stack via functioning as another connecting portion of the interconnects, which electrically connect the power supply interconnects, and having a wide pad portion. The single borderless stack via is located in an interconnect region with high signal interconnect density. The multi-stack via is located in an interconnect region with low signal interconnect density. This increases interconnection efficiency in the region with the high signal interconnect density to improve interconnection characteristics. This enables reduction in an area of a chip and increases compatibility to an EDA tool, thereby improving IR-DROP characteristics.
US08441124B2	Cu pillar bump with non-metal sidewall protection structure A sidewall protection structure is provided for covering at least a portion of a sidewall surface of a bump structure, in which a protection structure on the sidewalls of a Cu pillar and a surface region of an under-bump-metallurgy (UBM) layer is formed of at least one non-metal material layers, for example a dielectric material layer, a polymer material layer, or combinations thereof.
US08441121B2	Package carrier and manufacturing method thereof A manufacturing method of a package carrier is provided. A first opening communicating an upper surface and a lower surface of a substrate is formed. A heat-conducting element having a top surface and a bottom surface is configured in the first opening and fixed into the first opening via an insulation material. A first insulation layer and a first metal layer are laminated onto the upper surface. A second insulation layer and a second metal layer are laminated onto the lower surface. A second opening and a third opening respectively exposing portions of the top and the bottom surfaces are formed. At least one through via passing through the first metal layer, the first insulation layer, the substrate, the second insulation layer and the second metal layer is formed. A third metal layer covering the first and second metal layers and an inner wall of the through via is formed.
US08441120B1	Heat spreader package A heat spreader package includes a substrate having a first surface, first traces on the first surface of the substrate, and an electronic component having an inactive surface mounted to the first surface of the substrate. The electronic component further includes an active surface having bond pads. Bond wires electrically connect the bond pads to the first traces. An inverted pyramid heat spreader includes a first heatsink, a first heatsink adhesive directly connecting the first heatsink to the active surface of the electronic component inward of the bond pads, a second heatsink having an absence of active circuitry, and a second heatsink adhesive directly connecting a first surface of the second heatsink to the first heatsink. The second heatsink adhesive is a dielectric directly between the bond wires and the second heatsink that prevents inadvertent shorting between the bond wires and the second heatsink.
US08441118B2	Electromigration-resistant and compliant wire interconnects, nano-sized solder compositions, systems made thereof, and methods of assembling soldered packages A nano-sized metal particle composite includes a first metal that has a particle size of about 50 nanometer or smaller. A wire interconnect is in contact with a reflowed nanosolder and has the same metal or alloy composition as the reflowed nanosolder. A microelectronic package is also disclosed that uses the reflowed nanosolder composition. A method of assembling a microelectronic package includes preparing a wire interconnect template. A computing system includes a nanosolder composition coupled to a wire interconnect.
US08441116B2	Semiconductor package having substrate for high speed semiconductor package The substrate for a semiconductor package includes a substrate body having a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface. Connection pads are formed near an edge of the first surface. Signal lines having conductive vias and first, second, and third line parts are formed. The first line parts are formed on the first surface and are connected to the connection pads and the conductive vias, which pass through the substrate body. The second line parts are formed on the first surface and connect to the conductive vias. The third line parts are formed on the second surface and connect to the conductive vias. The second and third line parts are formed to have substantially the same length. The semiconductor package utilizes the above substrate for processing data at a high speed.
US08441115B2	Semiconductor device with exposed thermal conductivity part A semiconductor package includes a print circuit part, a lower chip, an upper chip, a thermal conductivity part, and an encapsulation resin. The lower chip and the upper chip are mounted on the print circuit part through wire bonding connection. The thermal conductivity part efficiently dissipates heat from the chips to the outside of the package. The encapsulation resin entirely seals the package while exposing the thermal conductivity part. A adhesive sheet is hardened to form a bonding layer between the thermal conductivity part and the upper chip, a bonding layer between the semiconductor chips, and a bonding layer between the semiconductor chip and the wired component. The configuration contributes to miniaturization, high integration, and heat resistance reduction of a semiconductor package using high-heat-generating ICs.
US08441114B2	Electronic circuit composed of sub-circuits and method for producing To improve manufacture of an electronic circuit, the electronic circuit is composed of modules of sub-circuits arranged on a common substrate, such as a cooling body, and that are electrically interconnected by a planar electrical contact element.
US08441112B2	Method of manufacturing layered chip package A layered chip package includes a main body, and wiring that includes a plurality of wires disposed on a side surface of the main body. The main body includes: a main part including first and second layer portions; and a plurality of first and second terminals that are disposed on the top and bottom surfaces of the main part, respectively, and are electrically connected to the plurality of wires. The first and second terminals are formed by using electrodes of the first and second layer portions. The layered chip package is manufactured by fabricating a layered substructure by stacking two substructures each of which includes an array of a plurality of preliminary layer portions, and then cutting the layered substructure. The layered substructure includes a plurality of preliminary wires that are disposed between two adjacent pre-separation main bodies and are to become the plurality of wires.
US08441110B1	Side leaded, bottom exposed pad and bottom exposed lead fusion quad flat semiconductor package A semiconductor package which includes a generally planar die paddle defining multiple peripheral edge segments and a plurality of leads which are segregated into at least two concentric rows. Connected to the top surface of the die paddle is at least one semiconductor die which is electrically connected to at least some of the leads of each row. At least portions of the die paddle, the leads, and the semiconductor die are encapsulated by a package body, the bottom surfaces of the die paddle and the leads of at least one row thereof being exposed in a common exterior surface of the package body.
US08441109B2	Structure and method for self protection of power device with expanded voltage ranges A vertical semiconductor power device includes a top surface and a bottom surface of a semiconductor substrate constituting a vertical current path for conducting a current there through. The semiconductor power device further includes an over current protection layer composed of a material having a resistance with a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) and the over current protection layer constituting as a part of the vertical current path connected to a source electrode and providing a feedback voltage a gate electrode of the vertical semiconductor power device for limiting a current passing there through for protecting the semiconductor power device at any voltage.
US08441108B2	Nitride semiconductor element having electrode on m-plane and method for producing the same A nitride-based semiconductor light-emitting device 100 includes: a GaN substrate 10 with an m-plane surface 12; a semiconductor multilayer structure 20 provided on the m-plane surface 12 of the GaN substrate 10; and an electrode 30 provided on the semiconductor multilayer structure 20. The electrode 30 includes a Zn layer 32 and a metal layer 34 provided on the Zn layer 32. The Zn layer 32 is in contact with a surface of a p-type semiconductor region of the semiconductor multilayer structure 20.
US08441103B2	Embedded series deep trench capacitors and methods of manufacture Trench capacitors and methods of manufacturing the trench capacitors are provided. The trench capacitors are very dense series capacitor structures with independent electrode contacts. In the method, a series of capacitors are formed by forming a plurality of insulator layers and a plurality of electrodes in a trench structure, where each electrode is formed in an alternating manner with each insulator layer. The method further includes planarizing the electrodes to form contact regions for a plurality of capacitors.
US08441101B2	Semiconductor device and method for manufacturing the same Ferroelectric capacitors (42) are formed over a semiconductor substrate (10), then, a barrier film (46) directly covering the ferroelectric capacitors (42) is formed. Thereafter, wirings (56a etc.) connected to the ferroelectric capacitors (42) are formed. Further, a barrier film (58) is formed at a position higher than the wirings (56a etc.). In forming the barrier film (46), a film stack is formed, the film stack including at least two kinds of diffusion preventive films (46a and 46b) having different components and preventing diffusion of hydrogen or water.
US08441099B2	Wireless chip An ID tag capable of communicating data wirelessly, the size of which is reduced, and where the size of an IC chip is reduced, a limited area of the chip is effectively used, current consumption is reduced, and communication distance is prevented from decreasing. The ID tag of the invention includes an IC chip having an integrated circuit, a resonance capacitor portion and a storage capacitor portion, and an antenna formed over the IC chip so as to overlap at least partially with an insulating film interposed therebetween. The antenna, the insulating film and wirings or semiconductor films forming the integrated circuit are stacked, and one or both of capacitors in the resonance capacitor portion and the storage capacitor portion are formed by this stacked structure.
US08441097B2	Methods to form memory devices having a capacitor with a recessed electrode Methods to form memory devices having a MIM capacitor with a recessed electrode are described. In one embodiment, a method of forming a MIM capacitor with a recessed electrode includes forming an excavated feature defined by a lower portion that forms a bottom and an upper portion that forms sidewalls of the excavated feature. The method includes depositing a lower electrode layer in the feature, depositing an electrically insulating layer on the lower electrode layer, and depositing an upper electrode layer on the electrically insulating layer to form the MIM capacitor. The method includes removing an upper portion of the MIM capacitor to expose an upper surface of the electrode layers and then selectively etching one of the electrode layers to recess one of the electrode layers. This recess isolates the electrodes from each other and reduces the likelihood of a current leakage path between the electrodes.
US08441096B2	Fuse of semiconductor device and method for forming the same A fuse of a semiconductor device comprises: a fuse pattern formed on a semiconductor substrate; an insulating film covering one side of the fuse pattern and including a trench; a conductive line disposed on the insulating film including the trench. The fuse of the semiconductor device prevents generation of cracks in a fuse box by thermal and physical stress, thereby improving reliability of the semiconductor device.
US08441091B2	Photosensor assembly and method for providing a photosensor assembly A photodiode assembly includes a semiconductor substrate, a photodiode cell, a ground diffusion region, and a guard band. The photodiode cell includes a first volume of the substrate doped with a first type of dopant. The diffusion region includes a second volume of the substrate that is doped with a second, opposite type of dopant. The guard band is disposed in the substrate and at least partially extends around an outer periphery of the photodiode cell. The guard band includes a third volume of the substrate that is doped with the first type of dopant. At least one of the ground diffusion region or the guard band is conductively coupled with a ground reference to conduct one or more of electrons or holes that drift from the photodiode cell through the substrate. The guard band is disposed closer to the photodiode cell than the ground diffusion region.
US08441090B2	Materials, systems and methods for optoelectronic devices A photodetector is described along with corresponding materials, systems, and methods. The photodetector comprises an integrated circuit and at least two optically sensitive layers. A first optically sensitive layer is over at least a portion of the integrated circuit, and a second optically sensitive layer is over the first optically sensitive layer. Each optically sensitive layer is interposed between two electrodes. The two electrodes include a respective first electrode and a respective second electrode. The integrated circuit selectively applies a bias to the electrodes and reads signals from the optically sensitive layers. The signal is related to the number of photons received by the respective optically sensitive layer.
US08441081B2	Electro-mechanical switches and methods of use thereof One aspect of the invention relates to an ultrathin micro-electromechanical chemical sensing device which uses swelling or straining of a reactive organic material for sensing. In certain embodiments, the device comprises a contact on-off switch chemical sensor. For example, the device can comprises a small gap separating two electrodes, wherein the gap can be closed as a result of the swelling or stressing of an organic polymer coating on one or both sides of the gap. In certain embodiments, the swelling or stressing is due to the organic polymer reacting with a target analyte.
US08441079B2	Semiconductor device with gate stack structure A semiconductor device includes a first conductive layer, a first intermediate structure over the first conductive layer, a second intermediate structure over the first intermediate structure, and a second conductive layer over the second intermediate structure. The first intermediate structure includes a metal silicide layer and a nitrogen containing metal layer. The second intermediate structure includes at least a nitrogen containing metal silicide layer.
US08441077B2	Method for forming a ruthenium metal layer and a structure comprising the ruthenium metal layer A method for forming a ruthenium metal layer comprises combining a ruthenium precursor with a measured amount of oxygen to form a ruthenium oxide layer. The ruthenium oxide is annealed in the presence of a hydrogen-rich gas to react the oxygen in the ruthenium oxide with hydrogen, which results in a ruthenium metal layer. By varying the oxygen flow rate during the formation of ruthenium oxide, a ruthenium metal layer having various degrees of smooth and rough textures can be formed.
US08441076B2	SRAM An exemplary aspect of the present invention is an SRAM including: a first gate electrode that constitutes a first load transistor; a second gate electrode that extends in a longitudinal direction of the first gate electrode so as to be spaced apart from the first gate electrode, and constitutes a first drive transistor; a third gate electrode that extends in parallel to the first gate electrode, and constitutes a second load transistor; a first p-type diffusion region that is formed so as to intersect with the third gate electrode, and constitutes the second load transistor; and a first shared contact formed over the first and second gate electrodes and the first p-type diffusion region. The first p-type diffusion region extends to the vicinity of a first gap region between the first and second gate electrodes, and is not formed in the first gap region.
US08441074B2	Substrate fins with different heights A device includes a number of fins. Some of the fins have greater heights than other fins. This allows the selection of different drive currents and/or transistor areas.
US08441073B2	Semiconductor device and manufacturing method for the same In a semiconductor substrate on which are formed an N-type MOS transistor and a P-type MOS transistor, the gate electrode of the N-type MOS transistor comprises a tungsten film, which makes contact with a gate insulation film, and the gate electrode of the P-type MOS transistor comprises a tungsten film, which makes contact with a gate insulation film, and the concentration of carbon contained in the former tungsten film is less than the concentration of carbon contained in the latter tungsten film.
US08441069B2	Structure and method for forming trench-gate field effect transistor with source plug A field effect transistor includes a gate trench extending into a semiconductor region. The gate trench has a recessed gate electrode disposed therein. A source region in the semiconductor region flanks each side of the gate trench. A conductive material fills an upper portion of the gate trench so as to make electrical contact with the source regions along upper sidewalls of the gate trench. The conductive material is insulated from the recessed gate electrode.
US08441068B2	Semiconductor device and method for forming the same A semiconductor device and a method for forming the same are disclosed. The semiconductor device includes an active region formed to be sloped or tilted by α° (where 0°<α°<90°) from the bottom of a semiconductor substrate, at least one gate that is formed over the sloped active region and has a surface parallel to the bottom of the semiconductor substrate, and a landing plug that is coupled to the active region and is located between the gates. As a result, the area of the active region is increased thus increasing a channel width, so that the operation of the semiconductor device can be improved as the integration degree of the semiconductor device is rapidly increased.
US08441066B2	Semiconductor device A semiconductor device according to the present invention comprises a first transistor and a second transistor, and functions as an inverter. The first transistor includes an island semiconductor layer, a first gate insulating film surrounding the periphery of the island semiconductor layer, a gate electrode surrounding the periphery of the first gate insulating film, p+-type semiconductor layers formed in the upper and lower part of the island semiconductor layer, respectively. The second transistor includes the gate electrode, a second gate insulating film surrounding a part of the periphery of the gate electrode, an arcuate semiconductor layer contacting a part of the periphery of the second gate insulating film, n+-type semiconductor layers formed in the upper and lower part of the arcuate semiconductor layer, respectively. A first contact electrically connects the p+-type semiconductor layer in the first transistor and the n+-type semiconductor layer in the second transistor.
US08441064B2	Scalable interpoly dielectric stacks with improved immunity to program saturation A method for manufacturing a non-volatile memory device is described. The method comprises growing a layer in a siliconoxide consuming material, e.g. DyScO, on top of the upper layer of the layer where charge is stored. A non-volatile memory device is also described. In the non-volatile memory device, the interpoly/blocking dielectric comprises a layer in a siliconoxide consuming material, e.g. DyScO, on top of the upper layer of the layer where charge is stored, the siliconoxide consuming material having consumed at least part of the upper layer.
US08441061B2	Nonvolatile semiconductor memory device with different doping concentration word lines According to one embodiment, a nonvolatile semiconductor memory device includes a substrate, a stacked structural body, a semiconductor pillar, and a memory unit. The stacked structural body is provided on a major surface of the substrate. The stacked structural body includes electrode films alternately stacked with inter-electrode insulating films in a direction perpendicular to the major surface. The pillar pierces the body in the direction. The memory unit is provided at an intersection between the pillar and the electrode films. The electrode films include at least one of amorphous silicon and polysilicon. The stacked structural body includes first and second regions. A distance from the second region to the substrate is greater than a distance from the first region to the substrate. A concentration of an additive included in the electrode film in the first region is different from that included in the electrode film in the second region.
US08441060B2	Nonvolatile memory element and nonvolatile memory device incorporating nonvolatile memory element A nonvolatile memory element includes a first electrode (103) formed on a substrate (101), a resistance variable layer (108) and a second electrode (107), wherein the resistance variable layer has a multi-layer structure including at least three layers which are a first transition metal oxide layer (104), a second transition metal oxide layer (106) which is higher in oxygen concentration than the first transition metal oxide layer (104), and a transition metal oxynitride layer (105). The second transition metal oxide layer (106) is in contact with either one of the first electrode (103) and the second electrode (107). The transition metal oxynitride layer (105) is provided between the first transition metal oxide layer (104) and the second transition metal oxide layer (106).
US08441052B2	Color-optimized image sensor An image sensor pixel array includes a photoelectric conversion unit that has a second region in a substrate and vertically below a gate electrode of a transistor. A first region under a top surface of the substrate and above the second region supports a channel of the transistor. A color filter transmits a light via a light guide, the gate electrode and the first region to generate carriers collected by the second region. The gate electrode may be made thinner by a wet etch. An etchant for thinning the gate electrode may be introduced through an opening in an insulating film on the substrate. The light guide may be formed in the opening after the thinning. An anti-reflection stack may be formed at a bottom of the opening prior to forming the light guide.
US08441050B2	Fin transistor structure and method of fabricating the same A fin transistor structure and a method of fabricating the same are disclosed. In one aspect the method comprises providing a bulk semiconductor substrate, patterning the semiconductor substrate to form a fin with it body directly tied to the semiconductor substrate, patterning the fin so that gaps are formed on the bottom of the fin at source/drain regions of the transistor structure to be formed. This is performed wherein a portion of the fin corresponding to the channel region of the transistor structure to be formed is directly tied to the semiconductor substrate, while other portions of the fin at the source/drain regions are separated from the surface of the semiconductor substrate by the gaps. Also, filling an insulation material into the gaps, and fabricating the transistor structure based on the semiconductor substrate with the fin formed thereon are disclosed. Thereby, it is possible to reduce the leakage current while maintaining the advantages of body-tied structures.
US08441049B2	Flat panel display device comprising polysilicon thin film transistor and method of manufacturing the same The present invention relates to a flat panel display device comprising a polysilicon thin film transistor and a method of manufacturing the same. Grain sizes of polysilicon grains formed in active channel regions of thin film transistors of a driving circuit portion and a pixel portion of the flat panel display device are different from each other. Further, the flat panel display device comprising P-type and N-type thin film transistors having different particle shapes from each other.
US08441045B2	Semiconductor device and method for manufacturing the same The present application discloses a semiconductor device and a method of manufacturing the same. Wherein, the semiconductor device comprises: a semiconductor substrate; a stressor embedded in the semiconductor substrate; a channel region disposed on the stressor; a gate stack disposed on the channel region; a source/drain region disposed on two sides of the channel region and embedded in the semiconductor substrate; wherein, surfaces of the stressor comprise a top wall, a bottom wall, and side walls, the side walls comprising a first side wall and a second side wall, the first side wall connecting the top wall and the second side wall, the second side wall connecting the first side wall and the bottom wall, the angle between the first side wall and the second side wall being less than 180°, and the first sidewall and the second side wall being roughly symmetrical with respect to a plane parallel to the semiconductor substrate. Embodiments of the present invention are applicable to the stress engineering technology in the semiconductor device manufacturing.
US08441042B2	BEOL compatible FET structure This invention provides structures and a fabrication process for incorporating thin film transistors in back end of the line (BEOL) interconnect structures. The structures and fabrication processes described are compatible with processing requirements for the BEOL interconnect structures. The structures and fabrication processes utilize existing processing steps and materials already incorporated in interconnect wiring levels in order to reduce added cost associated with incorporating thin film transistors in the these levels. The structures enable vertical (3D) integration of multiple levels with improved manufacturability and reliability as compared to prior art methods of 3D integration.
US08441034B2	Gallium nitride semiconductor substrate with semiconductor film formed therein A method of fabricating a single crystal gallium nitride substrate the step of cutting an ingot of single crystal gallium nitride along predetermined planes to make one or more single crystal gallium nitride substrates. The ingot of single crystal gallium nitride is grown by vapor phase epitaxy in a direction of a predetermined axis. Each predetermined plane is inclined to the predetermined axis. Each substrate has a mirror polished primary surface. The primary surface has a first area and a second area. The first area is between an edge of the substrate and a line 3 millimeter away from the edge. The first area surrounds the second area. An axis perpendicular to the primary surface forms an off-angle with c-axis of the substrate. The off-angle takes a minimum value at a first position in the first area of the primary surface.
US08441032B2	Low-level signal detection by semiconductor avalanche amplification A system and method providing for the detection of an input signal, either optical or electrical, by using a single independent discrete amplifier or by distributing the input signal into independent signal components that are independently amplified. The input signal can either be the result of photoabsorption process in the wavelengths greater than 950 nm or a low-level electrical signal. The discrete amplifier is an avalanche amplifier operable in a non-gated mode while biased in or above the breakdown region, and includes a composite dielectric feedback layer monolithically integrated with input signal detection and amplification semiconductor layers.
US08441031B2	ESD protection device Electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection is provided for discharging current between input and output nodes. In accordance with various embodiments, an ESD protection device includes an open-base transistor having an emitter connected to the input node and a collector connected to pass current to the output node via a resistor in response to a voltage at the input node exceeding a threshold that causes the transistor to break down. The resistor is coupled across emitter and collector regions of a second open-base transistor that is configured to turn on for passing current in response to the current across the resistor exceeding a threshold that applies a threshold breakdown voltage across the second transistor. In some implementations, an emitter and/or base of the second transistor are connected to, or are respectively the same region as, a base and a collector of the first transistor.
US08441030B2	III-nitride multi-channel heterojunction interdigitated rectifier A III-nitride power semiconductor device that includes a plurality of III-nitride heterojunctions.
US08441027B2	Light emitting device and light emitting device package Disclosed are a light emitting device and a light emitting device package. The light emitting device includes a substrate including a plurality of patterns, each pattern including three protrusion parts, a plurality of spaces formed between the patterns, and a light emitting device structure over the patterns and the spaces. Each space includes a medium having a refractive index different from a refractive index of the light emitting device structure.
US08441024B2	Semiconductor light emitting device and method for manufacturing the same A semiconductor light emitting device includes an active layer; a first nitride semiconductor layer on the active layer; a first delta-doped layer on the first nitride semiconductor layer; a second nitride semiconductor layer on the first delta-doped layer; a second delta-doped layer on the second nitride semiconductor layer; a third nitride semiconductor layer on the second delta-doped layer. The first delta-doped layer, the second nitride semiconductor layer, the second delta-doped layer, and the third nitride semiconductor layer are doped with an n-type dopant.
US08441023B2	Semiconductor light emitting device According to one embodiment, in a light emitting device, a substrate is transparent to a wavelength of emitted light. A first dielectric layer is formed in a first region on the substrate, and has a refractive index smaller than a refractive index of the substrate. A second dielectric layer is formed in a second region on the substrate surrounding the first region, and has a refractive index larger than the refractive index of the substrate. A first semiconductor layer is formed on the first dielectric layer, the second dielectric layer and the substrate. A second semiconductor layer is formed on the first semiconductor layer, and includes an active layer having a PN junction.
US08441017B2	Schottky barrier diode and method for making the same A schottky diode includes a SiC substrate which has a first surface and a second surface facing away from the first surface, a semiconductor layer which is formed on the first surface of the SiC substrate, a schottky electrode which is in contact with the semiconductor layer, and an ohmic electrode which is in contact with the second surface of the SiC substrate. The first surface of the SiC substrate is a (000-1) C surface, upon which the semiconductor layer is formed.
US08441012B2	Array substrate, method for manufacturing array substrate, and display device The present invention provides an array substrate, a method for manufacturing an array substrate, and a display device which are such that reflow failure of a resist mask does not occur readily at the time of manufacture of the array substrate, so the array substrate can be manufactured reliably. At the time of forming a TFT, third wiring 37 between source wiring 13 and the source electrode 22 of the TFT is provided with a narrow portion 38 that is formed with a narrow width by narrowing a midpoint at a portion of the wiring in planar shape, and the resist film on the source electrode 22 and a drain electrode 23 is reflowed so as to cover the surface of a channel region Q, thus forming a reflowed resist film 42. A semiconductor film 20 is etched using this as the etching mask in a state in which the area between the source and the drain is protected, thus making the semiconductor film 20 into an island shape.
US08441007B2	Display device and manufacturing method thereof A display device includes a first wiring functioning as a gate electrode formed over a substrate, a gate insulating film formed over the first wiring, a second wiring and an electrode layer provided over the gate insulating film, and a high-resistance oxide semiconductor layer formed between the second wiring and the electrode layer are included. In the structure, the second wiring is formed using a stack of a low-resistance oxide semiconductor layer and a conductive layer over the low-resistance oxide semiconductor layer, and the electrode layer is formed using a stack of the low-resistance oxide semiconductor layer and the conductive layer which is stacked so that a region functioning as a pixel electrode of the low-resistance oxide semiconductor layer is exposed.
US08441006B2	Cyclic carbosilane dielectric films Embodiments of the invention provide dielectric films and low-k dielectric films and methods for making dielectric and low-k dielectric films. Dielectric films are made from carbosilane-containing precursors. In embodiments of the invention, dielectric film precursors comprise attached porogen molecules. In further embodiments, dielectric films have nanometer-dimensioned pores.
US08441004B2	Radiation emitting device and method for the production thereof A radiation-emitting device with a first electrode, a first emission layer, a second emission layer and a second electrode. The invention additionally relates to a method of producing a radiation-emitting device.
US08441001B2	Photodetector, flat X-ray detector and method for producing the same A flat organic photodetector has a structured first electrode that forms several sub-electrodes, a second electrode, at least one first organic layer, and a second organic layer. The organic layers are situated between the two electrodes and are structured in conformity with the structuring of the first electrode, so that the two organic layers are subdivided into multiple active regions respectively corresponding to the sub-electrodes of the first electrode. An x-ray detector has such a flat organic photodetector and an x-ray absorbing layer applied thereon.
US08440996B2	Nitride semiconductor light emitting device and fabrication method thereof The present invention relates to a GaN based nitride based light emitting device improved in Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) tolerance (withstanding property) and a method for fabricating the same including a substrate and a V-shaped distortion structure made of an n-type nitride semiconductor layer, an active layer and a p-type nitride semiconductor layer on the substrate and formed with reference to the n-type nitride semiconductor layer.
US08440995B2	Light emitting device, method of manufacturing the same, light emitting device package and lighting system A light emitting device is provided that includes a light emitting structure including a first conductive semiconductor layer, an active layer on the first conductive semiconductor layer, a second conductive semiconductor layer on the active layer, a superlattice structure layer on the second conductive semiconductor layer, and a third conductive semiconductor layer on the superlattice structure layer; a light transmission electrode layer on the light emitting structure; a first electrode connected to the first conductive semiconductor layer; a second electrode electrically connected to the light transmission electrode layer on the light emitting structure; and an insulating layer that extends from a lower portion of the second electrode to an upper portion of the second conductive semiconductor layer.
US08440991B2	Phase change memory device having a heater with a temperature dependent resistivity, method of manufacturing the same, and circuit of the same A phase change memory device having a heater that exhibits a temperature dependent resistivity which provides a way of reducing a reset current is presented. The phase change memory device includes a phase change pattern and a heating electrode contacted with the phase change pattern. The heating electrode includes a smart heating electrode such that the smart heating layer is formed of a conduction material that exhibits an increase in resistance as a function of an increase in temperature, i.e., a positive temperature dependent resistivity.
US08440989B2	Method and system for a light source assembly supporting direct coupling to an integrated circuit Methods and systems for a light source assembly for coupling to a photonically enabled complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) chip are disclosed. The light source assembly may comprise a laser, a microlens, a turning mirror, and an optical bench, and may generate an optical signal utilizing the laser, focus the optical signal utilizing the microlens, and reflect the optical signal at an angle defined by the turning mirror. The reflected optical signal may be transmitted out of the assembly to grating couplers in the photonically enabled CMOS chip. The assembly may comprise a non-reciprocal polarization rotator, comprising a latching faraday rotator. The assembly may comprise a reciprocal polarization rotator, which may comprise a half-wave plate comprising birefringent materials operably coupled to the optical bench. The turning mirror may be integrated in the optical bench and may reflect the optical signal to transmit through a lid operably coupled to the optical bench.
US08440988B2	Pulsed discharge extreme ultraviolet source with magnetic shield A magnetically shielded, efficient plasma generation configuration for a pulsed discharge extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light source comprises two opposed convex electrodes mounted with axes parallel to a static magnetic field. A limiter aperture disposed between the electrodes, in conjunction with the field lines, defines a hollow plasma cylinder connecting the electrodes. A high pulsed voltage and current compresses the plasma cylinder and its interior magnetic field onto the electrode surfaces to create a magnetic insulating layer at the same time as propelling the working gas from each side toward the space between the electrode tips. The plasma then collapses radially in a three-dimensional compression to form a dense plasma on the axis of the device with radiation of extreme ultraviolet light.
US08440986B2	On axis sample visualization along a synchrontron photo beam The present invention provides a method for on-axis visualization of a target placed in a photon beam, the method comprising: placing the target in the path of the photon beam; selecting a mirror with an external reflecting surface; placing the mirror on a mirror support so that the surface faces the target; placing a reflective microscope so as to collect photons emanating from the target that have been reflected by said surface; counting and analyzing photons collected by the microscope with a CCD camera; and storing and analyzing data collected by the camera.
US08440974B2	System and method for analysis of ultrasonic power coupling during acoustic thermography A system and method of performing acoustic thermography in which invalid data is filtered from data used to detect defects on a structure. An ultrasonic sound input signal is provided to a structure to produce a thermal image output. A sensor senses an input energy corresponding to the sound input signal and produces an input energy signal. The input energy signal is transformed to a test spectrum and is compared to a reference spectrum. The comparison of the test spectrum to the reference spectrum is used to determine whether to include the thermal image output in an analysis for detecting defects in the structure.
US08440973B1	Bimorph cantilever arrangement and applications thereof The invention utilizes the changes in physical properties of materials during a solid-solid phase transition in order to enhance the sensitivity of cantilever IR detectors. The substantial changes in properties during insulator-to-metal transitions (IMTs) of some materials are useful for controlling purposes according to the invention. A cantilever arrangement is provided with a cantilever being coated with an insulator-to-metal transitions (IMTs) material. Bending of the cantilever is achieved when the temperature of the (IMTs) material is within its phase transition temperature range. A Focal Plane Array (FPA) for detecting Infrared (IR) radiation including the cantilever arrangement of the invention is also proposed.
US08440972B2	Radiation detector with microstructured silicon A radiation detector includes material for absorbing incident radiation, and for providing a response to heating caused by the absorption of photons from the incident radiation. The radiation detector may include multiple pixels, each with one or more layers of absorbing material. The absorbing material may include black (microstructured) silicon, which has the advantage of being a good absorber of radiation in the short wave infrared (SWIR) wavelengths (as well as ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths and visible light wavelengths). The radiation detector may include multiple pixels, each separately responding to radiation incident on that pixel, and each including black silicon (as well as possibly other absorptive materials). The pixels of the detector may each have cantilevered attachment to a frame of the detector, with differences in coefficient of thermal expansion of materials of the pixels causing deflection of parts of the pixels due to heating from absorption of radiation.
US08440971B2	Examining apparatus In an examining apparatus or method, values of thickness and characteristic of an object, or distributions thereof can be simultaneously acquired. The examining apparatus includes a portion 9 for irradiating an object 2 with radiation, a portion 10 for detecting the radiation from the object, an acquiring portion 26, a storing portion 21 and a calculating portion 20. The acquiring portion acquires transmission time associated with detection time of radiation, and amplitude of the radiation. The storing portion beforehand stores relationship data between the transmission time and amplitude, and representative values of characteristic of the object. The calculating portion obtains values of thickness and characteristic of the object based on the transmission time, amplitude and relationship data.
US08440969B2	Method and apparatus for acquiring simultaneous and overlapping optical and charged particle beam images This disclosure relates to a method and apparatus for producing multiple pixel-by-pixel simultaneous and overlapping images of a sample in a microscope with multiple imaging beams. A scanning electron microscope, a focused ion-beam microscope, or a microscope having both beams, also has an optical microscope. A region of interest on a sample is scanned by both charged-particle and optical beams, either by moving the sample beneath the beams by use of a mechanical stage, or by synchronized scanning of the stationary sample by the imaging beams, or by independently scanning the sample with the imaging beams and recording imaging signals so as to form pixel-by-pixel simultaneous and overlapping images.
US08440968B2	Ion-mobility analyser An ion-mobility analyser is disclosed comprising a plurality of axially segmented upper electrodes, a plurality of axially segmented lower electrodes, a first plurality of axially segmented intermediate electrodes and a second plurality of axially segmented intermediate electrodes which together define an ion pathway. An asymmetric voltage waveform is applied to the upper electrodes and a DC compensating voltage is applied to the lower electrodes in order to separate ions in a vertical radial direction according to their rate of change of ion mobility with electric field strength. At the same time, a DC axial voltage gradient is maintained along the axial length of the analyser in order to separate ions axially according to their ion mobility.
US08440966B2	Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer using a cryo-detection system A Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer (FT-ICR MS) is provided. A preamplifier is installed as nearest to an ion cyclotron resonance (ICR) trap as possible at a detector part in the mass spectrometer, and thermal noise generated at the preamplifier is minimized by means of a cryo-cooling system to increase a signal-to-noise ratio of ion detection signals such that an ultra-low amount of specimen can be detected, which was impossible in the related art.
US08440962B2	Targeted ion parking for quantitation A plurality of targeted ion characteristics and a charge reduction amount are received. A subset of ionized molecules of a sample corresponding to each characteristic of the plurality of targeted ion characteristics is transmitted from a first location to a second location, producing a plurality of selected ionized molecules. Reagent ions are transmitted to the second location to reduce the charge state of the selected ionized molecules. The charge state reduction of the selected ionized molecules is stopped at the charge state reduction amount, producing a plurality of parked targeted ions in the second location. The targeted ion characteristics can include mobilities or mass-to-charge ratios. Quantitation information for an analyte can be obtained by performing targeted ion parking on a plurality of standards, developing a calibration function, performing targeted ion parking on a sample and using the calibration function to determine the concentration of the analyte in the sample.
US08440961B2	Gamma ray generator An instrument for performing measurements downhole, includes an irradiator oriented to irradiate sub-surface materials surrounding the instrument, the irradiator including at least one neutron source disposed proximate to a moderator for providing a source of inelastic gamma photons and also disposed proximate to a material for providing a source of capture gamma photons; and a first detector and a second detector, each detector for detecting gamma rays and oriented in a relationship to the irradiator for receiving gamma photons from at least one of the irradiator and the formation. A method for irradiating sub-surface materials is provided.
US08440958B2	Photo-receptor for electro-magnetic radiation collection An underwater data transmission system including arrays of nano-meter scaled photon emitters and sensors on an outer surface of an underwater platform. For the emitters, a laser is pulsed to correlate with data packets, providing a beam of photons at a prescribed frequency. Nano-scaled collecting lenses channel the incoming photons to photo-receptors located at a focal plane for the frequency at the base of each lens. A coating on the lenses absorbs photons at the frequency that are not aligned with the longitudinal axes of the lenses or tubes. Nano-wires connect the photo-receptors to a light intensity integrator. The integrator integrates the intensity over a surface area. The output of the integrator is fed to a signal processor to track and process the arriving digital packets.
US08440957B2	Counting pixel with good dynamic range properties The present invention provides an array of pixels for the detection of a flash of electromagnetic radiation or a cloud of impinging high energy particles. Each pixel in the array comprises a radiation receptor for converting the electromagnetic radiation or impinging high energy particles into a radiation signal, and a converter for converting the radiation signal into pulses. The array further comprises a circuit for comparing one or more of the criteria pulse amplitude, pulse arrival time, time to convert a pulse in a digital signal, pulse duration time, pulse rise and fall time or integral of pulse over time for pulses coinciding on pixels in a predetermined neighborhood. The array also comprises a circuit for suppressing those pulses that are compared negatively versus the corresponding pulses in another pixel of the neighborhood for the same one or more criteria. A corresponding method is also provided.
US08440956B2	Light receiving detection circuit having a high-pass filter and an amplifying circuit A light receiving detection circuit has a light receiving element configured to receive light emitted from a corresponding projection element, a current/voltage conversion circuit that converts a current signal passing through the light receiving element into a voltage signal, and a filter portion that has a plurality of stages. The filter portion has a high-pass filter and an amplifying circuit. The high-pass filter is able to be switched such that a time constant of the high-pass filter increases when the light receiving element receives light emitted by the corresponding projection element such that the time constant decreases when other projection elements except for the corresponding projection element emit the light.
US08440953B2	Laser beam source device, projector, and monitoring device having dual light emission elements with non-uniform light emission portions A laser beam source device includes: a first light emission element and a second light emission element each of which has a light emission portion for emitting a laser beam having a fundamental wavelength, wherein the first light emission element and the second light emission element are disposed such that light emitted from the light emission portion of each of the first light emission element and the second light emission element can enter the light emission portion of the other light emission element, at least either the first light emission element or the second light emission element has the plural light emission portions, and the areas of the plural light emission portions are not uniform.
US08440945B2	Control unit for electric household appliance A control unit for an electric household appliance for setting functions and operating parameters. The control unit includes at least one control knob located on a display panel by magnetic force. The control knob capable of being pushed by an operator from an initial position into a selecting position to select a function, such as a specific cooking plate and capable of being rotated about its axis to set an operating parameter of the function, such as the cooking temperature of the cooking plate.
US08440943B2	Heating resistor element component and method of manufacturing heating resistor element component A heating resistor element component has a substrate and an adhesive layer provided on the substrate and including an adhesive and gap members arranged substantially uniformly in the adhesive. A heat storage layer is laminated on the substrate through intermediation of the adhesive layer so that the gap members maintain a distance between surfaces of the substrate and the heat storage layer constant. At least one heating resistor formed on the heat storage layer has a heating portion that generates heat. A cavity is provided in a region of the adhesive layer and interposed between the surfaces of the substrate and the heat storage layer. The cavity functions as a heat insulating layer for regulating an inflow of heat from the heat storage layer to the substrate.
US08440942B2	Circuit arrangement for protection of a heating element from overheating heating device and method for fused protection of the heating device A circuit arrangement is provided for protecting from overheating a heating element whose resistance value is a function of its temperature. The circuit arrangement includes a power supply, a switch, and a switch control circuit, a current sensor providing a signal proportional to the current flowing through the heating element, and a first scaling device whose output provides a signal proportional to the supply voltage of the heating element. An evaluation circuit compares the difference signal determined by a first detector having an output that provides a difference signal formed from the signals of the current sensor and the first scaling device with a reference signal and the switch control circuit can be switched from a conducting state when the switch control circuit is in a first state to a non-conducting state when the switch control circuit is in a second state.
US08440939B2	Annealing device Disclosed is an annealing device that includes a processing chamber into which a wafer is received, a heating source having a plurality of light emitting diodes (LEDs) for emitting a light toward the wafer, which faces the surface of the wafer, and a light transmissive member provided corresponding to the heating source, into which the light from the light emitting elements is transmitted. The heating source has the light emitting elements attached on a support toward the wafer. Each of the light emitting elements is individually covered with a lens layer made of a transparent resin.
US08440938B2	Multi pole battery with improved interplate leakproofing Double pole battery comprising three electrochemical cells stacked along a longitudinal axis, each cell consisting of an anode, a cathode and an electrolyte placed between the anode and the cathode, a current collector plate electrically connecting an anode of a cell and a cathode of an adjacent cell, a current collector plate on the anode of a cell located at a first longitudinal end of the stack, a current collector plate on the cathode located at a second longitudinal end of the stack, an electrolyte-proof lateral wall surrounding each cell between each pair of successive collector plates, wherein the lateral walls of two adjacent cells are offset transversely one relative to the other relative to the longitudinal axis, in such a way they are not superposed one on the other.
US08440937B2	Self-cleaning welding nozzle A self-cleaning GMAW nozzle characterized by the inner surface thereof having a laminate group, preferably composed of sequentially alternating layers of metal and bonding material. Over a period of time of welding, welding spatter begins to accumulate upon an outermost metal layer of the laminate group. As the heat of welding proceeds over this same time, the adhesion of the adjoining bonding layer releases, whereby the outermost metal layer detaches, exposing a clean, new outermost metal layer. The process sequentially repeats until all metal layers have detached.
US08440934B2	Arc start control method To start consumable electrode arc welding, an initial current is supplied to a welding wire after causing the welding wire to contact a base material and retracting the welding wire from the base material. Thereby, an initial arc is generated. The welding wire is retracted continuously for an initial arc lift period Ti with the initial arc maintained. Afterwards, the initial arc is switched to a steady arc. A predetermined weld pool formation period Tp is set after the initial arc lift period Ti. In the weld pool formation period, a weld pool formation current greater than the initial current is supplied with the initial arc maintained and the welding wire is caused to proceed and fed to the base material. In the weld pool formation period, a weld pool is formed by the initial arc without allowing the welding wire to release droplets and contact the base material.
US08440929B2	Vacuum switch including an insulating body having a number of transparent portions made of a single crystal alumina A vacuum switch includes a vacuum envelope; a fixed contact assembly partially within the vacuum envelope; and a movable contact assembly partially within the vacuum envelope and movable between a closed position in electrical contact with the fixed contact assembly and an open position spaced apart from the fixed contact assembly. The vacuum envelope includes an insulating body having a number of transparent portions made of a single crystal alumina for viewing the fixed contact assembly and the movable contact assembly within the vacuum envelope.
US08440927B2	Enhanced returning elasticity micro switch An enhanced returning elasticity micro switch includes a base and a cap mounted thereon to form a housing compartment therebetween. The base is run through by a first pin and a second pin. The first pin has an anchor portion in the housing compartment to couple with a conductive member. The conductive member has a lower contact portion and swings when being pressed. The second pin has a first contact in the housing compartment. The first contact has an inclined surface connected to the lower contact portion during swing of the conductive member. The inclined surface is located at an elevation tapered towards the anchor portion. Hence the contact area between the conductive member and second pin increases, and adhesion force between the conductive member and second pin during power transmission decreases. Returning elasticity of the conductive member increases, and resistance against depression of the conductive member decreases.
US08440926B2	Low profile tape structures Electronic devices may include electronic device structures such substrates, structures with cavities, and housing structures. Tape may be used to seal components to the surface of a substrate or within a cavity. The tape may have a nonstick polymer layer such as a layer of parylene and one or two layers of adhesive. The nonstick layer may be formed in a pattern so that some of the layer of adhesive is uncovered by the nonstick layer. The nonstick layer may be oriented so that the adhesive is interposed between the nonstick layer and a sealed component or may be oriented so that the nonstick layer is interposed between the adhesive layer and the sealed component. The component that is sealed by the tape may be an electrical component such as a dome switch or other mechanical or electrical component.
US08440925B2	Encoder with tri-color LED An encoder with a tri-color LED includes an insulating base, five terminals, a conductive elastic piece, a tri-color LED assembly, an encoder substrate assembly, a conductive wiper assembly, and an insulated light shaft. The five terminals and the insulating base are formed integrally. The conductive elastic piece is received in a receiving chamber of the insulating base. The tri-color LED assembly is disposed in the receiving chamber. The encoder substrate assembly covers on both the conductive elastic piece and the tri-color LED assembly. The conductive wiper assembly is received in the encoder substrate assembly. The insulated light shaft passes through a through hole of the conductive wiper assembly and a through hole of the encoder substrate assembly. Thereby, through voltage variation of an independent tri-color LED loop, color mixing can be controlled, and that to combine the same with the encoder a function of lighting and marking can be achieved.
US08440921B2	Keypad A keypad includes a circuit board, a key, and a rotating member. The circuit board includes at least one first keypad switch and at least one second keypad switch. The key includes a first protruding post configured for actuating the at least one first keypad switch, and a second protruding post for actuating the at least one second keypad switch. The rotating member is rotatably connected to the circuit board and able to retain in a first position and a second position. In the first position, the rotating member prevents the first protruding post from actuating the at least one first keypad switch and allows the second protruding post to actuate the at least one second keypad switch. In the second position, the rotating member allows the first protruding post to actuate the at least one keypad switch.
US08440918B2	Assembly of case and electronic components and combination of the assembly and external connectors An assembly includes at least one electronic component, a bus bar electrically connected to the electronic component and having a connection portion, a case receiving both the electronic component and the bus bar and having first and second openings, and a drop prevention member having a drop prevention wall. The connection portion of the bus bar is to be connected with a terminal of an external connector by engaging a first engaging member to be placed inside the case through the first opening and a second engaging member provided in the external connector. In the assembly, there is defined, by the drop prevention wall, the connection portion of the bus bar, and part of the external connector, a confinement space for confining the first engaging member and thereby preventing it from dropping outside the confinement space during establishment of the engagement between the first and second engaging members.
US08440915B2	Device mounting board and semiconductor module A semiconductor device is of a PoP structure such that first electrode portions provided on a first device mounting board constituting a first semiconductor module and second electrode portions provided in a second semiconductor module are joined together by solder balls. A first insulating layer having an opening is provided on one main surface of an insulating resin layer which is a substrate, and an electrode portion, whose top portion protrudes above the top surface of the first insulating layer, is formed in the opening. A second insulating layer is provided on top of the first insulating layer in the periphery of the top portion of the first electrode portion; the second insulting layer is located slightly apart from the top portion of the first electrode portion. The first electrode portion is shaped such that the top portion is formed by a curved surface or formed by a curved surface and a plane surface smoothly connected to the curved surface.
US08440914B2	Liquid crystalline thermoset oligomer or polymer and thermosetting composition and substrate including the same A liquid crystalline thermoset oligomer or polymer including a structural unit of Chemical Formulae 1 and 2; and a functional group of Chemical Formula A,
US08440910B2	Differential signal transmission cable A differential signal transmission cable has two conductor wires disposed to be parallel with each other, a flat insulating member collectively covering the two conductor wires, the insulating member having flat portions facing to each other in a direction perpendicular to an alignment direction of the two conductor wires to sandwich the two conductor wires, a shield conductor including a metal foil tape and being wound around an outer periphery of the insulating member, a drain wire provided to contact with the shield conductor at a position corresponding to the flat portion, and a jacket jacketing the drain wire and the shield conductor.
US08440906B2	Nanocrystal solar cells processed from solution A photovoltaic device having a first electrode layer, a high resistivity transparent film disposed on the first electrode, a second electrode layer, and an inorganic photoactive layer disposed between the first and second electrode layers, wherein the inorganic photoactive layer is disposed in at least partial electrical contact with the high resistivity transparent film, and in at least partial electrical contact with the second electrode. The photoactive layer has a first inorganic material and a second inorganic material different from the first inorganic material, wherein the first and second inorganic materials exhibit a type II band offset energy profile, and wherein the photoactive layer has a first population of nanostructures of a first inorganic material and a second population of nanostructures of a second inorganic material.
US08440904B2	Isobutylene-based elastomers in voltaic cell applications Disclosed in one aspect is a voltaic cell assembly comprising one or more voltaic cells, a photovoltaic cell in one embodiment; an elastomeric film and a transparent film, the voltaic cell sandwiched there between. The elastomeric film can be formed from a natural rubber or an isobutylene-based elastomer. More particularly, the elastomeric film may comprise a DVA of a polyamide and a functionalized poly(isobutylene-co-p-methylstyrene). The assembly described is useful for a number of end use articles including roofing shingles, automotive components, building components, and, in general, solar arrays.
US08440901B2	Musical score position estimating apparatus, musical score position estimating method, and musical score position estimating program A musical score position estimating apparatus includes a sound feature quantity generating unit configured to generate a feature quantity of an input sound signal, and, a score position estimating unit configured to calculate a weight coefficient based on the feature quantity of the sound signal and a feature quantity of musical score information and estimates a musical score position using a virtual musical score position and a virtual tempo corresponding to the weight coefficient.
US08440900B2	Intervalgram representation of audio for melody recognition A system, method, and computer readable storage medium generates an audio fingerprint for an input audio clip that is robust to differences in key, instrumentation, and other performance variations. The audio fingerprint includes a sequence of intervalgrams that represent a melody in an audio clip according pitch intervals between different time points in the audio clip. The fingerprint for an input audio clip can be compared to a set of reference fingerprints in a reference database to determine a matching reference audio clip.
US08440896B2	Keyboard device This key structure includes rotating shaft sections 12, 16, and 20 which are respectively provided in the rear end of key bodies 11, 15, and 19 arrayed in parallel, and serve as rotation fulcrums for rotations of the key bodies 11, 15, and 16 in an up and down direction, and connecting sections 14, 18, and 22 which respectively rotatably connect the rotating shaft sections 12, 16, and 20 along a key array direction. Therefore, the key bodies 11, 15, and 19 can be integrally formed by the connecting sections 14, 18, and 22, and the rotating shaft sections 12, 16, and 20 can be independently rotated. Additionally, as a result of the rotating shaft sections 12, 16, and 20 being evenly arrayed, the spacing between the keys and the key alignment can beheld evenly, and the key bodies 11, 15, and 19 can be stably rotated when depressed.
US08440892B2	Rice cultivar CL 181-AR A rice cultivar designated CL 181-AR is disclosed. The invention relates to the seeds of rice cultivar CL 181-AR, to the plants of rice CL 181-AR, to methods for producing a rice plant produced by crossing the cultivar CL 181-AR with itself or another rice variety, and to methods for controlling weeds in the vicinity of plants of rice cultivar CL 181-AR, which comprises increased resistance to acetohydroxyacid synthase-inhibiting herbicides. The invention further relates to hybrid rice seeds and plants produced by crossing the cultivar CL 181-AR with another rice cultivar.
US08440889B1	Maize variety inbred PHWJH A novel maize variety designated PHWJH and seed, plants and plant parts thereof. Methods for producing a maize plant that comprise crossing maize variety PHWJH with another maize plant. Methods for producing a maize plant containing in its genetic material one or more traits introgressed into PHWJH through backcross conversion and/or transformation, and to the maize seed, plant and plant part produced thereby. Hybrid maize seed, plant or plant part produced by crossing the variety PHWJH or a locus conversion of PHWJH with another maize variety.
US08440887B1	Maize variety hybrid X8K709 A novel maize variety designated X8K709 and seed, plants and plant parts thereof, produced by crossing Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. proprietary inbred maize varieties. Methods for producing a maize plant that comprises crossing hybrid maize variety X8K709 with another maize plant. Methods for producing a maize plant containing in its genetic material one or more traits introgressed into X8K709 through backcross conversion and/or transformation, and to the maize seed, plant and plant part produced thereby. This invention relates to the maize variety X8K709, the seed, the plant produced from the seed, and variants, mutants, and minor modifications of maize variety X8K709. This invention further relates to methods for producing maize varieties derived from maize variety X8K709.
US08440886B2	Fertile transgenic corn plants Fertile transgenic Zea mays (corn) plants which stably express heterologous DNA which is heritable are disclosed along with a process for producing said plants. The process comprises the microjectile bombardment of friable embryogenic callus from the plant to be transformed. The process may be applicable to other graminaceous cereal plants which have not proven stably transformable by other techniques.
US08440883B2	Soybean cultivar S100004 A soybean cultivar designated S100004 is disclosed. The invention relates to the seeds of soybean cultivar S100004, to the plants of soybean S100004, to plant parts of soybean cultivar S100004, and to methods for producing a soybean plant produced by crossing soybean cultivar S100004 with itself or with another soybean variety. The invention also relates to methods for producing a soybean plant containing in its genetic material one or more transgenes and to the transgenic soybean plants and plant parts produced by those methods. This invention also relates to soybean cultivars, or breeding cultivars, and plant parts derived from soybean variety S100004, to methods for producing other soybean cultivars, lines or plant parts derived from soybean cultivar S100004, and to the soybean plants, varieties, and their parts derived from use of those methods. The invention further relates to hybrid soybean seeds, plants, and plant parts produced by crossing the cultivar S100004 with another soybean cultivar.
US08440880B2	Xenorhabdus sp. genome sequences and uses thereof The present invention relates to a nucleic acid sequences from Xenorhabdus that encodes a GroEL protein. The invention encompasses nucleic acid molecules present in non-coding regions as well as nucleic acid molecules that encode proteins, fragments of proteins, tRNA's, fragments of tRNA's, rRNA's and fragments of rRNA's. In addition, protein and fragments of proteins so encoded and antibodies capable of binding the proteins are encompassed by the present invention. The invention also relates to methods of using the disclosed nucleic acid molecules, proteins, fragments of proteins, RNA'S, and antibodies, for example, for gene identification and analysis, and preparation of constructs.
US08440878B2	Insulin-like gene in prawns and uses thereof The present invention relates to a nucleic acid molecule encoding an insulin-like factor of the androgenic gland of the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (M. rosenbergii). The present invention further relates to methods of silencing the expression of the insulin-like factor gene in decapod crustaceans order, particularly in M. rosenbergii, useful for producing male monosex populations.
US08440873B2	Process for producing olefins Process for producing mono-olefins(s) from a feedstock A containing ethanol and propanol, wherein ethanol and propanol are dehydrated into the corresponding same carbon number olefins. The process is performed by 1. reacting feedstock A in a vapor phase dehydration reactor wherein the ethanol and propanol alcohols are converted into a product stream B comprising ethylene, propylene, ethers, water and unconverted alcohols, 2. cooling the product stream B, 3. disengaging the cooled product stream B in a separation unit to give a first stream C containing ethylene, propylene and ethers, and a second product stream D containing water, ethers and unconverted alcohols, 4. feeding the product stream D to a dewatering column wherein the water stream F is separated from the ethers and unconverted alcohols stream E, 5. recycling the stream E into the dehydration reactor of step 1, and 6. cooling the product stream C. In a step 7, the cooled product stream C is fed to a purification unit wherein the ethers stream G is separated from the ethylene and propylene stream H, and in an optional step 8, the ethers stream G is recycled to either the dewatering column of step 4 and/or directly to dehydration reactor of step 1.
US08440869B2	Use of ionic liquids containing tricyanomethide anions as solvents for the extraction of alcohols from aqueous solutions The invention relates to a method for the liquid-liquid extraction of alcohols from aqueous solutions using at least one ionic liquid containing a tricyanomethide anion as solvent.
US08440868B2	Manufacture of methanol An alcohol such as methanol is produced from an alkane such as methane and oxygen in a single step process using a heterogeneous catalyst. The catalyst comprises the chloride salts of copper, potassium, lead and zinc.
US08440867B1	Process for producing ethanol from syngas The invention provides a method for producing ethanol, the method comprising establishing an atmosphere containing methanol forming catalyst and ethanol forming catalyst; injecting syngas into the atmosphere at a temperature and for a time sufficient to produce methanol; and contacting the produced methanol with additional syngas at a temperature and for a time sufficient to produce ethanol. The invention also provides an integrated system for producing methanol and ethanol from syngas, the system comprising an atmosphere isolated from the ambient environment; a first catalyst to produce methanol from syngas wherein the first catalyst resides in the atmosphere; a second catalyst to product ethanol from methanol and syngas, wherein the second catalyst resides in the atmosphere; a conduit for introducing syngas to the atmosphere; and a device for removing ethanol from the atmosphere. The exothermicity of the method and system obviates the need for input of additional heat from outside the atmosphere.
US08440863B2	Preparation of (2R,3R)-3-(3-methoxyphenyl)-N,N,2-trimethylpentanamine The present invention relates to an improved process for the preparation of (2R,3R)-3-(3-methoxyphenyl)-N,N,2-trimethylpentanamine which is an intermediate for the preparation of the analgesic tapentadol.
US08440852B2	Method for producing tetraethylenepentamine The invention relates to a process for preparing tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) by hydrogenation of diethylenetriaminediacetonitrile (DETDN) over a catalyst. If appropriate, DETDN can also be present as a constituent of an amino nitrile mixture which additionally comprises diethylenetriaminemonoacetonitrile (DETMN).
US08440848B2	Polyorganosiloxane composition, cured product of the composition, and method for producing the composition Disclosed is an organosiloxane composition which can be produced at low cost and is usable for bonding of glasses, metals and resins. The organosiloxane composition can provide a cured product exhibiting excellent heat resistance and cold resistance, while having high strength and high transparency. Specifically disclosed is a polyorganosiloxane composition containing (A) a polyorganosiloxane wherein at least one end of each molecule is modified with a silanol group, and (B) 0.5-4.0 moles of a metal alkoxide per 1 mole of the polyorganosiloxane, wherein the mean molecular weight (Mw) of the polyorganosiloxane according to the mass fraction is not more than 1,000. Also specifically disclosed are a cured product of the composition and a method for producing the composition.
US08440847B2	Method of converting free fatty acid (FFA) from oil to methyl ester The present invention provides a method of converting free fatty acid (FFA) from oil to methyl ester, the method includes the steps (a) esterifying the FFA using an acidic catalyst dissolved in an alcohol, (b) separating excess alcohol, solid acid catalyst, water, glycerol, soap and other non-lipid soluble impurities from oil obtained from step (a), (c) neutralizing the oil from step (b), (d) drying the oil from step (c) and (e) transesterifying the oil from step (d) using an alkaline catalyst and an alcohol.
US08440846B2	Direct epoxidation process The invention is a process for epoxidizing an olefin with hydrogen and oxygen in a solvent comprising acetonitrile in the presence of an quinone-acid salt and a catalyst comprising a titanium zeolite and a noble metal. The process results in higher productivity and improved selectivity to propylene oxide from hydrogen and oxygen, as compared to processes that use only a quinone.
US08440845B2	Process for converting polysaccharides in an inorganic molten salt hydrate A process is disclosed for converting a polysaccharide-containing biomass material to platform chemicals.The process comprises dissolving the polysaccharides in an inorganic molten salt hydrate, converting the polysaccharides to monosaccharides, and converting the monosaccharides to derivatized (di)anhydro sugars that are easily separable from the inorganic molten salt hydrate.The derivatized (di)anhydro sugars are useful as fuel additives and fuel substitutes.
US08440843B2	2, 2-bipyridine ligand, sensitizing dye and dye sensitized solar cell A dye sensitized solar cell, comprising a heteroleptic polypyridil complex of Ru, Os or Fe. The donating ligand has an extended conjugated π-system increasing the light absorbance and keeing the LUMO energy level higher than that of the anchoring ligand. A compacting compound whose molecular structure comprises a terminal group, a hydrophobic part and an anchoring group may be co-adsorbed together with the dye on the semi-conductive metal oxide layer of the photoanode, forming a dense mixed self-assembled monolayer.
US08440842B2	Antimicrobial compounds, their synthesis and their use for treatment of mammalian infections The present invention relates to compounds of Formula (I) or salts thereof wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, and other variables enumerated under one or more of same are as defined herein. Compounds of Formula I have activity as antimicrobial agents. Also disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions and methods of treating and preventing microbial infections in mammals, for example, a tuberculosis or leprosy infection, which employ compounds of Formula (I) or salts thereof.
US08440840B2	Dye including an anchoring group in its molecular structure A dye including an anchoring group in its molecular structure, said anchoring group allowing a covalent coupling of said dye to a surface, for example a surface of a nanoporous semiconductor layer, said anchoring group being represented by formula 1 wherein attachment of said anchoring group within said molecular structure of said dye is at the terminal carbon marked with an asterisk in above formula, wherein G is selected from —COOH, —SO3H, —PO3H2, —BO2H2, —SH, —OH, —NH2, preferably —COOH, wherein A is selected from the group comprising H, —CN, —NO2, —COOR, —COSR, —COR, —CSR, —NCS, —CF3, —CONR2-OCF3, C6H5-mFm, wherein m=1-5, R being H or any straight or branched alkyl chain of general formula —CnH2n+I, n=O-12, preferably 0-4, or any substituted or non-substituted phenyl or biphenyl.
US08440839B2	Dinitropyrazole derivatives, their preparation, and energetic compositions comprising them The present invention provides: dinitropyrazole derivatives of formula (I) in which: R═NO2, NH2, NF2, NHOH, OH or NHNH2 and R′═H when R═NH2, NF2, NHOH, OH or NHNH2 or R′═H, NH2 or a linear or branched C1-C4 alkyl group, optionally substituted by at least one hydroxy and/or one fluoro group, when R═NO2; other than 4-amino-3,5-dinitropyrazole; and also the salts of said derivatives of formula (I) in which R′═H; the preparation of said derivatives and of their salts; and energetic compositions comprising at least one of said derivatives and/or at least one salt of such a derivative.
US08440837B2	2-substituted-ethynylthiazole derivatives and uses of same The present invention provides 2-substituted-ethynylthiazole derivatives of formula (I): wherein R1, R2 and X are as defined herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; and pharmaceutical compositions and methods of using same.
US08440836B2	Heterocyclic alkanol derivatives The present invention relates to novel heterocyclic alkanol derivatives, to processes for preparing these compounds, to compositions comprising these compounds and to their use as biologically active compounds, in particular for controlling harmful microorganisms in crop protection and in the protection of materials and as plant growth regulators.
US08440835B2	Environmentally sensitive fluorophores The present invention generally relates to environment-sensitive fluorophores, including environment-sensitive fluorophores for reporting protein/protein and peptide/protein interactions. In one aspect, the present invention is directed to compounds and salts thereof, compositions and methods useful in determining biological interactions. In some cases, the compounds of the present invention are environment-sensitive fluorophores that have spectroscopic behavior that may depend on factors such as the physicochemical properties of the surrounding environment. The compounds of the present invention can be used, in certain embodiments, to monitor ions, small molecules, and biological processes such as protein folding, protein-protein interactions and phosphorylation events.
US08440833B2	Human papilloma virus inhibitors and pharmaceutical compositions containing same HPV inhibitors of formula (I) in which G1 is —NHCO(CH2)n-, where n is an integer between 1 and 4, R3 is —CW(CH2)m—NR4R5 or —CW(CH2)mCH3 or —CN, where W is O, S or NH and m is an integer between 0 and 5, or R3 is one of the following groups: and A is an optionally substituted aryl group and B is an aryl group, preferably a phenyl which is substituted.
US08440832B2	Heterocyclic modulators of cannabinoid receptors Heterocyclic compounds which modulate cannabinoid receptors are presented. Pharmaceutical compositions containing these compounds, methods of using these compounds as modulators of cannabinoid receptors and processes for synthesizing these compounds are also described herein.
US08440831B2	Process and intermediates for preparing integrase inhibitors The invention provides synthetic processes and synthetic intermediates that can be used to prepare 4-oxoquinolone compounds having useful integrase inhibiting properties.
US08440828B2	Organic semiconductors and devices incorporating same Disclosed are thionated fused-ring (aromatic) imides and diimides that can exhibit desirable electronic properties and can possess processing advantages including solution-processability and/or good stability at ambient conditions.
US08440823B2	Process for the preparation of erlotinib or its pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof The present invention relates to a process for preparation of erlotinib of Formula I or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The present invention also relates to process for the preparation of erlotinib trifluoroacetate. The present invention also relates to a nove-ICrystalline form of erlotinib trifluoroacetate designated as Form E and process for its preparation. The present invention further relates to process for the preparation of erlotinib hydrochloride from erlotinib trifluoroacetate.
US08440822B2	Sulfonyl amide derivatives for the treatment of abnormal cell growth The present invention relates to a compound of the formula I wherein R1 to R6, A, B, n and m are as defined herein. Such novel sulfonyl amide derivatives are useful in the treatment of abnormal cell growth, such as cancer, in mammals. This invention also relates to a method of using such compounds in the treatment of abnormal cell growth in mammals, especially humans, and to pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds.
US08440821B2	Methods of synthesis and/or purification of diaminophenothiazinium compounds Described is a method for the synthesis and/or purification of a high purity diaminophenothiazinium compound of the following formula: characterized by a purity of greater than 98% and less than 1% Azure B, 0.15% Azure A, 0.15% Azure C and 0.05% Methylene Violet Bernthsen (MVB), as impurities. Also described are related high purity compounds, compositions, and methods of using such compounds and compositions. The compounds and compositions are useful in the treatment of diseases caused by tau aggregation, such as Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, and infection.
US08440820B2	Antioxidant inflammation modulators: oleanolic acid derivatives with saturation in the C-ring This invention provides, but is not limited to, novel oleanolic acid derivatives having the formula: wherein the variables are defined herein. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions, kits and articles of manufacture comprising such compounds, methods and intermediates useful for making the compounds, and methods of using the compounds and compositions.
US08440819B2	Therapeutic substituted beta-lactams A compound having a structure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a prodrug thereof; wherein a dashed line represents the presence or absence of a bond; Y has from 0 to 14 carbon atoms and is: an organic acid functional group, or an amide or ester thereof; hydroxymethyl or an ether thereof; or a tetrazolyl functional group; A is —(CH2)6—, cis-CH2CH═CH—(CH2)3—, or —CH2C≡C—(CH2)3—, wherein 1 or 2 carbon atoms may be replaced by S or O; or A is —(CH2)m—Ar—(CH2)o— wherein Ar is interarylene or heterointerarylene, the sum of m and o is 1, 2, 3, or 4, and wherein 1 -CH2— may be replaced by S or O, and 1 -CH2—CH2— may be replaced by —CH═CH— or —C≡C—; J is hydrogen, OH, O, SH, S, C1-6 alkyl, —O—(C1-6 alkyl), —S—(C1-6 alkyl), F, Cl, Br, I, CN, or CF3; and B is aryl or heteroaryl, is disclosed herein. Therapeutic methods, compositions, and medicaments related thereto are also disclosed.
US08440814B2	Derivatives of cyclodextrins, process for their preparation and their use in particular for solubilizing pharmacologically active substances The invention relates to a compound corresponding to general formula (I) wherein n is a whole number from 1-6, m is a whole number equal to 5, 6 or 7, R1 is an OH group, all R1 s are identical, Z is an NHX group, X is a hydrogen atom, and R is a hydrogen atom or a bioidentification element, with the proviso that the compound wherein n=1, m=6, Z=NH2 and R1=OH is excluded.
US08440812B2	Analogous compounds of 6-thioguanosine triphosphate, their use in medical fields and processes for their preparation The invention relates to analogous compounds of 6-thioguanosine triphosphate of general formula (I). A compound of the general formula (I); wherein the dashed bond in the sugar moiety can be either single or double and wherein R1, R2, R3, R4 or R5, equal or different between each other, have general formula -(Int)m-Ter, wherein m is between 0 and 12 and Int and Ter are Internal and Terminal building blocks, wherein Int is selected from the group consisting of formula (II); and Ter is selected from the group consisting of formula (III). And wherein X represents either carbon or nitrogen atom within aromatic ring, Y represents either oxygen or sulphur atom and an additional group Q, group Qi or groups Qi (Qi indicates that the group or several groups may be bound to any unsaturated moiety of the ring) are selected from the group consisting of —OH, —COOH, —N(CH3)2, —N(CH2—CH3)2\|—CO—CH3, —CO—O—CH3, —O—CH3, —S—CH3, —SO2—CH3, —CN, —NO2 or -Halogen elements, and wherein R5 may be formula (IV) and metal and ammonium salts thereof, wherein n is between O and 5, or oxygen or phosphorus is partially or completely replaced by nitrogen, sulphur, methyleno groups or their derivatives. The invention also concerns the uses of the above mentioned compounds in medical field and the process for their preparation.
US08440811B2	DNA nanostructures that promote cell-cell interaction and use thereof The present invention provides a ligand-nucleic acid nanostructure that promotes cell-cell interaction. Specially, the invention provides a ligand-nucleic acid nanostructure for treating tumor in a mammal. The methods of using and making the composition comprising a ligand-nucleic acid nanostructure are also provided.
US08440810B2	Riboswitches, methods for their use, and compositions for use with riboswitches It has been discovered that certain natural mRNAs serve as metabolite-sensitive genetic switches wherein the RNA directly binds a small organic molecule. This binding process changes the conformation of the mRNA, which causes a change in gene expression by a variety of different mechanisms. Modified versions of these natural “riboswitches” (created by using various nucleic acid engineering strategies) can be employed as designer genetic switches that are controlled by specific effector compounds. Such effector compounds that activate a riboswitch are referred to herein as trigger molecules. The natural switches are targets for antibiotics and other small molecule therapies. In addition, the architecture of riboswitches allows actual pieces of the natural switches to be used to construct new non-immunogenic genetic control elements, for example the aptamer (molecular recognition) domain can be swapped with other non-natural aptamers (or otherwise modified) such that the new recognition domain causes genetic modulation with user-defined effector compounds. The changed switches become part of a therapy regimen—turning on, or off, or regulating protein synthesis. Newly constructed genetic regulation networks can be applied in such areas as living biosensors, metabolic engineering of organisms, and in advanced forms of gene therapy treatments.
US08440806B2	Humanized anti-CD4 antibody with immunosuppressive properties A humanized antibody derived from mouse monoclonal anti-CD4 antibody B-F5 is able to activate CD25+CD4+ regulatory T cells and is useful for preparing immunosuppressive compositions.
US08440802B2	CRH and POMC effects on animal growth The present invention provides for selection of bovine animals that will display phenotypes associated with increased rates of growth. These phenotypes include hot carcass weight, average daily gain, shipping weight, end of test rib eye area, and adjusted weaning weight which is a measure of post-natal growth, based on the knowledge of their CRH, POMC and MC4R genotypes. The predictive value comes from the discovery that certain single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in these genes are linked to higher growth rate phenotypes. Specifically, the phenotypes that correlated with specific SNP's are end-of-test rib-eye area, adjusted weaning weight, average daily gain, shipping weight and hot carcass weight. The invention also provides novel kits that can be used in making the determination of these genotypes. The invention further provides for methods of screening bovines to predict which animals will have higher growth rate, allowing producers to selectively breed and manage animals based on desired characteristics, thereby maximizing productivity and profitability in commercial meat production operations.
US08440799B2	Methods of purifying anti A β antibodies The present application provides methods of purifying Aβ binding proteins having a Fc region, for example, anti-Aβ antibodies or antibody fusions, by adsorbing the Aβ binding protein to a Fc binding agent, such as, for example, Protein A or Protein G, followed by a wash with a divalent cation salt buffer to remove impurities and subsequent recovery of the adsorbed Aβ binding protein. The present application also features methods of eluting the purified Aβ binding protein as well as the incorporation of the methods within a purification train. Kits comprising components for carrying out the methods and instructions for use are also provided.
US08440798B2	Generation of a cancer-specific immune response toward MUC1 and cancer specific MUC1 antibodies The present invention provides a method for inducing a cancer specific immune response against MUC1 using an immunogenic glycopeptide. Other aspects of the invention are a pharmaceutical composition comprising the immunogenic glycopeptide and a cancer vaccine comprising the immunogenic glycopeptide. Another aspect is an antibody generated using the immunogenic glycopeptide and the use of said antibody in therapy and diagnosis.
US08440795B2	Kunitz-type recombinant inhibitor The present invention presents a Kunitz-type recombinant inhibitor obtained from a gene cloned from a cDNA library of salivary glands of the Amblyomma cajennense, and the inhibitor named Amblyomin-X has molecular mass of 13,500 Da.
US08440794B2	Peptide sequences, their branched form and use thereof for antimicrobial applications The present invention relates to an antibacterial peptide having from the amino to the carboxylic terminal an amino acid sequences selected from the group of: KKIRVRLSA, SEQ ID NO. 1, RRIRVRLSA, SEQ ID NO. 2, KRIRVRLSA, SEQ ID NO. 3, RKIRVRLSA, SEQ ID NO. 4 or a derivative thereof and uses thereof.
US08440793B2	Peptide analogs of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone Provided herein are stable peptide analogs of the native alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) having selectivity for the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R). Also provided herein are pharmaceutical preparations of the α-MSH peptide analogs, as well as methods of using these analogs in the treatment of medical and veterinary conditions involving MC1R.
US08440792B2	Antimicrobial peptides and derived metapeptides The peptides and derivative metapeptides based upon natural antimicrobial peptides have potent and broad spectrum activity against pathogens exhibiting multiple antibiotic resistance. Specific peptides can also potentiate the antimicrobial functions of leukocytes, such as neutrophils. In addition, they exhibit lower inherent mammalian cell toxicities than conventional antimicrobial peptides, and overcome problems of toxicity, immunogenicity, and shortness of duration of effectiveness due to biodegradation, retaining activity in plasma and serum. The peptides and derivative metapeptides exhibit rapid microbicidal activities in vitro, can be used to potentiate conventional antimicrobial agents, to potentiate other antimicrobial peptides and are active against many organisms that exhibit resistance to multiple antibiotics currently in existence.
US08440789B2	Pharmaceutical and/or cosmetic composition containing an active antioxydant principle and cell energy activator A cosmetic or pharmaceutical composition, and particularly dermatological composition, comprising, in a physiologically adapted medium, as active principle, polypeptides or peptides, and methods of administering a composition capable of increasing cell energy and to protect the skin from oxidative damage. Also, a cosmetic treatment procedure aimed at protecting the skin and the skin appendages from external aggressions and to combat skin aging.
US08440788B2	N-terminal VDAC variants and uses thereof The present invention relates generally to variants and peptides of the mitochondrial protein, voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) and to polynucleotides encoding same. In particular, the present invention is directed to N-terminal truncated and mutated VDAC and specific amino acid and polynucleotide sequences thereof useful in inhibiting apoptosis, and to pharmaceutical compositions comprising same useful in the treatment of diseases associated with excess apoptosis.
US08440785B2	Compositions, methods and polymers A composition comprising a homopolymer or a copolymer comprising bithiophene units for use in, for example, low band gap materials including uses in organic photovoltaic active layers. The band gap and other properties can be engineered by polymerization methods including selection of monomer structure and ratio of monomer components. In addition, a dimer adapted for making alternating copolymers further comprising one first monomer moiety comprising at least one bithiophene moiety compound covalently linked to one second monomer moiety comprising a different bithiophene moiety or at least one moiety that is not a bithiophene. The composition can be copolymerized to form an alternating copolymer that can be further processed to form a polymeric film used in a printed organic electronic device. A series of novel copolymers are designed that would allow fabrication of materials with tailor made electronic and/or mechanical properties that can be easily manipulated through molecules chemical structure and potentially result in long term stability under ambient conditions that can be advantageous for use in organic electronics (e.g., OPVs, OLEDs, OFETs). Improved methods are disclosed for making monomers comprising a benzo[2,1-b:3,4-b′]dithiophene moiety that are useful as electronics materials.
US08440780B2	Wholly aromatic liquid crystalline polyester and method of producing the same A wholly aromatic liquid crystalline polyester contains 2.0 to 15.0 mole percent of a hydroquinone-derived structural unit relative to a total amount of structural units. The wholly aromatic liquid crystalline polyester has sum of an amount (a) of terminal hydroxyl group and an amount (b) of terminal acetyl group in a range of 50 to 350 equivalents/(g·10−6), and has a ratio [(a)+(b)]/(c) of the sum of the amount (a) of terminal hydroxyl group and the amount (b) of terminal acetyl group to an amount (c) of terminal carboxyl group in a range of 1.05 to 2.00.
US08440778B2	Polyureasulfone polymer A polyureasulfone polymer having a high cohesive energy density and tensile strength, and method of making.
US08440773B2	Stimulus-responsive compound, actuator, and stimulus-responsive compound producing process A stimulus-responsive compound includes a pair of alkyl chains; a crosslinking portion that crosslinks the pair of alkyl chains; and a liquid-crystalline functional group attached to at least one of the alkyl chains. The crosslinking portion includes: a unit A that has a bond that serves as a rotational axis, a first group positioned at one end of the bond, and a second group positioned at the other end of the bond, a first unit B disposed at a first bonding site of the first group, and a second unit B disposed at a first bonding site of the second group. The first unit B and the second unit B are capable of forming a bond between each other through redox reaction.
US08440770B2	Compositions comprising siloxane copolymers Polyurea/urethane silicone elastomers with improved properties are obtained by addition of solid polyurea/urethane silicone low molecular weight oligomers.
US08440766B2	Heterogeneous vinyl acetate based copolymers as binder for paints The present invention describes a method for the manufacturing of a multi-stage polymer by the following steps: a) polymerizing monomer mixture (A) comprising a-i) vinyl acetate and a-ii) at least one vinyl ester of an aromatic carboxylic acid via free radical emulsion polymerization to obtain copolymer (A); and b) polymerizing monomer mixture (B) comprising b-i) vinyl acetate and b-ii) at least one vinyl ester of aliphatic branched or unbranched carboxylic acids having at least 3 carbon atoms, via free radical emulsion polymerization in the presence of copolymer (A) to obtain the multi-stage polymer with the proviso that said monomer mixture (B) can also be polymerized first to obtain a copolymer (B) and subsequently monomer mixture (A) is polymerized in the presence copolymer (B) to obtain the multi-stage polymer.
US08440764B2	Molding composition with reduced light scattering The present invention relates to a molding composition comprising (A) a copolymer containing at least one α,β-unsaturated monocarbonitrile and at least one aromatic vinyl monomer, (B) a graft rubber with an average particle size of from 100 to 280 nm, composed of at least one α,β-unsaturated monocarboxylic ester, and at least one graft shell composed of at least one aromatic vinyl monomer and of at least one α,β-unsaturated monocarbonitrile, (C) a graft rubber with an average particle size of from 410 to 1000 nm, composed of at least one α,β-unsaturated monocarboxylic ester, and at least one graft shell composed of at least one aromatic vinyl polymer and of at least one α,β-unsaturated monocarbonitrile, and wherein the ratio by weight of component (B) to component (C) is from 3:1 to 1:1. The invention also relates to the process of producing the molding composition and its use.
US08440759B2	Peelable temporary coating The invention relates to an aqueous coating composition for forming a peelable temporary coating on a substrate, said aqueous coating composition comprising at least one water based film-forming polymer, characterized in that the composition additionally comprises solid particles of an amino resin based polymer.
US08440752B2	Coating compositions containing low VOC compounds Coating compositions containing coalescents and a latex polymer, wherein the coalescent has a volatile organic content of less than about 50% and is dispersible in the coating composition.
US08440751B2	Reduced phosphorus (TBEP) floor coatings The invention provides an aqueous floor coating composition, comprising water, at least one polymer film forming agent, and a plasticizing agent, wherein at least a portion of the plasticizing agent is a synergistic combination of tributoxyethyl phosphate and a benzoate ester blend. Such compositions have reduced phosphorus content, yet retain the leveling and gloss of tributoxyethyl phosphate plasticizers and also exhibit improved soil resistance.
US08440748B2	Thermoplastic resin composition and molded item formed from same Provided is a thermoplastic resin composition comprising 1 to 100 parts by weight of a flame retardant (B) containing any one or more flame retardants (B-1) selected from melamine phosphate, melamine pyrophosphate, and melamine polyphosphate and any one or more flame retardants (B-2) selected from piperazine phosphate, piperazine pyrophosphate, and piperazine polyphosphate, based on 100 parts by weight of a thermoplastic resin (A) comprising polylactide resin, wherein, according to transmission electronic microscopy, the major axis of the largest particle of the flame retardant (B) in the composition is not more than 10 μm, and the ratio of the number of particles of the flame retardant (B) having a major axis of not more than 3 μm relative to the number of particles of the flame retardant (B) per an area of 1,000 μm2 is 70% or more.
US08440747B2	Cold-pressed mats of lignocellulosic material having improved cold tack and a process for their production Cold-pressed mats of lignocellulosic material having a Push Off Test extension equal to at least 85% of that of a mat made with a urea-formaldehyde resin are produced from a lignocellulosic material and binder system. These mats are produced at ambient temperature by separately adding each component of the binder system to the lignocellulosic material, blending the lignocellulosic material and binder system to coat the lignocellulosic material with the binder system, forming the coated lignocellulosic material into the desired form and applying pressure to the formed lignocellulosic material to obtain the desired thickness. The binder system includes: (i) at least one polyfunctional isocyanate and (ii) at least one aqueous dispersion of an adhesive or tackifier.
US08440744B2	Oil-based white ink jet recording composition and process for producing the same The present invention is proposed is an oil-based white ink composition for ink jet recording, comprising a white pigment, a glycol ether dialkyl ether compound solvent, a polymeric dispersant, and a specific acrylic resin. The white pigment is formed of titanium oxide fine particles having an average particle diameter of not less than 0.15 μm and not more than 0.25 μm and coated with at least one of aluminum oxide and silicon oxide. The white pigment is further coated with not less than 0.01% by mass and not more than 2.5% by mass of at least one of an SiH-containing polysiloxane and dimethylpolysiloxane.
US08440734B2	Positive photosensitive resin composition, cured film, protecting film, insulating film, and semiconductor device and display device using the same The object of the present invention is to provide a positive photosensitive resin composition which produces no scum and has high sensitivity and high resolution, a cured film, a protecting film, an insulating film, a semiconductor device using the same. The positive photosensitive resin composition of the present invention comprises a specific polyamide resin (A) and a photosensitive agent (B) comprising an ester of a specific phenolic compound with at least one of 1,2-naphthoquinonediazide-4 sulfonic acid and 1,2-naphthoquinonediazide-5-sulfonic acid. The cured film of the present invention comprises a cured product of the positive photosensitive resin composition. The protecting film and insulating film of the present invention comprise the cured film each. The semiconductor device and display device of the present invention have the cured film each.
US08440730B2	Method for improved removal of cations by means of chelating resins The present invention relates to a method for improved removal of cations, preferably alkaline earth metals, in particular calcium and barium, from aqueous solutions using chelating resins having aminomethylphosphonic acid groups and iminodimethylphosphonic acid groups having high dynamic absorption capacity for cations at a low residual content of the cations and high regeneration efficiency, and a markedly lengthened loading duration of the chelating resin, to the chelating exchangers themselves, and also to uses thereof.
US08440726B2	Solubilizing composition A solubilizing composition containing (A) at least one oily component selected from esters of oleic acid with alcohols having 1 to 3 carbon atoms and triglycerides of fatty acids having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, (B) a polyoxyethylenesorbitan fatty acid ester, (C) a polyhydric alcohol which is liquid between 15° C. and 25° C., and (D) one or more acidic phospholipids where the fatty acid constituting an acyl group thereof is selected from saturated fatty acids having 6 to 14 carbon atoms and unsaturated fatty acids having 16 to 18 carbon atoms, which contains 20 to 40% by weight of the component (A), 30 to 45% by weight of the component (B), 15 to 40% by weight of the component (C), and 0.5 to 4% by weight of the component (D), based on 100% by weight of a total amount of the components (A) to (D).
US08440725B2	Synergistic preparations based on mixtures of glycerol ether with aromatic alcohol for controlling mycobacteria Disinfectant which has activity towards mycobacteria and has (a) 1-(2-ethylhexyl} glycerol ether and (b) one or more aromatic alcohols group including aryloxyalkanols, ethers and arylalkanols.
US08440724B2	Inhibiting neurotransmitter reuptake This document relates to compounds as well as methods and materials involved in modulating neurotransmitter reuptake. For example, compounds, methods for synthesizing compounds, and methods for inhibiting neurotransmitter reuptake are provided.
US08440723B2	Metformin salts of salicylic acid and its congeners The present invention relates to compounds, intermediates used in the preparation of such compounds, processes for the preparation of such compounds of the formula VI and formula VII and such intermediates, pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds of the formula VI and such compounds of the formula VII, and the uses of such compounds of the formula VI and such compounds of the formula VII as antidiabetic, pre-antidiabetic, antiobesity and cardioprotective agents.
US08440722B2	Methods for concomitant administration of colchicine and a second active agent Methods for concomitant administration of colchicine together with one or more second active agents, e.g., verapamil, are disclosed. Such methods reduce the dangers commonly associated with such concomitant administration and provide additional benefits. Methods of notifying health care practitioners and patients regarding appropriate dosing for concomitant administration of colchicine together with second active agents are also provided.
US08440721B2	Methods for concomitant administration of colchicine and a second active agent Methods for concomitant administration of colchicine together with one or more second active agents, e.g., ketoconazole and ritonavir, are disclosed. Such methods reduce the dangers commonly associated with such concomitant administration and provide additional benefits. Methods of notifying health care practitioners and patients regarding appropriate dosing for concomitant administration of colchicine together with second active agents are also provided.
US08440717B2	Hair growth regulating agent A method for regulating hair growth is provided which comprises administering, to a subject in need thereof, dodecylcarbomoylmethyltrimethylammonium chloride and/or a compound of salt thereof selected from 2-dimethylamino-N-ethyl-acetamide, 2-dimethylamino-N-(2-{2-[2-(2-dimethylamino-acetylamino)-ethoxy]-ethoxy}-ethyl)-acetamide, 2-dimethylamino-N-[8-(2-dimethylamino-acetylamino)-octyl]-acetamide, 2-dimethylamino-N-[2-(2-{2-[2-(2-dimethylamino-acetylamino)-ethoxy]-ethoxy}-ethoxy)-ethyl]-acetamide, 2-dimethylamino-N-[12-(2-dimethylamino-acetylamino)-dodecyl]-acetamide, and 2-dimethylamino-N-[4-(2-dimethylamino-acetamino)-butyl]acetamide.
US08440715B2	Treatment of sleep-wake disorders This invention is directed to a method of treating Excessive daytime Sleepiness (EDS) in a subject, comprising the step of administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula (I): Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof wherein Rx is a member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, lower alkyl of 1 to 8 carbon atoms, halogen selected from F, Cl, Br and I, alkoxy containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms, nitro, hydroxy, trifluoromethyl, and thioalkoxy containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms; x is an integer of 1 to 3, with the proviso that R may be the same or different when x is 2 or 3; R1 and R2 can be the same or different from each other and are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, lower alkyl of 1 to 8 carbon atoms, aryl, arylalkyl, cycloalkyl of 3 to 7 carbon atoms; R1 and R2 can be joined to form a 5 to 7-membered heterocycle substituted with a member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, and aryl groups, wherein the cyclic compound can comprise 1 to 2 nitrogen atoms and 0 to 1 oxygen atom, wherein the nitrogen atoms are not directly connected with each other or with the ox en atom.
US08440710B2	HSL inhibitors useful in the treatment of diabetes The present invention relates to compounds of formula (I) as well as pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. The are useful as HSL inhibitors and may, for example, be used in treatment of diabetes, metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, and obesity.
US08440709B2	Polymorphs and amorphous forms of 5-amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl]-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile The present invention relates to novel crystalline polymorphs, solvate pseudomorphs and amorphous form of 5-amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl]-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile (fipronil). The present invention also provides methods for preparing the novel polymorphs, pseudomorphs and amorphous form, as well as insecticidal or pesticidal compositions comprising same, and methods of use thereof as pesticidal agents.
US08440703B2	Methods of using sustained release aminopyridine compositions A pharmaceutical composition which comprises a therapeutically effective amount of a aminopyridine dispersed in a release matrix, including, for example, a composition that can be formulated into a stable, sustained-release oral dosage formulation, such as a tablet which provides, upon administration to a patient, a therapeutically effective plasma level of the aminopyridine for a period of at about 12 hours and the use of the composition to treat various neurological diseases, including multiple sclerosis. A method of selecting individuals based on responsiveness to a treatment, including, for example, identifying individuals who responded to treatment with a sustained release fampridine composition.
US08440702B2	1,3-oxazolidin -2-one derivatives useful as CETP inhibitors Compounds having the structure of Formula I, including pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds, are CETP inhibitors, and are useful for raising HDL-cholesterol, reducing LDL-cholesterol, and for treating or preventing atherosclerosis. The compounds have 3 cyclic groups connected by single bonds, as for example triphenyl, which are attached directly to the ring of formula I or attached at the position B.
US08440701B2	Trisubstituted 1,2,4 triazoles The present invention relates to substituted 1-(alkyl)-3-aniline-5-aryl triazole derivatives and analogues or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, processes for preparing them, pharmaceutical compositions containing them and their use in therapy, according to Formula (I). The invention particularly relates to potent positive allosteric modulators of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors which have the capability of increasing the efficacy of nicotinic receptor agonists.
US08440693B2	Substituted isoquinolinones and quinazolinones The invention relates to substituted nitrogen containing bicyclic heterocycles of the formula (I) wherein Z is CH2 or N—R4 and X, R1, R2, R4, R6, R7 and n are as defined in the description. Such compounds are suitable for the treatment of a disorder or disease which is mediated by the activity of MDM2 and/or MDM4, or variants thereof.
US08440692B2	Hydrophilic derivatives of 2-aryl-4-quinolones as anticancer agents 2-aryl-4-quinolones are converted into phosphates by reacting with tetrabenzyl pyrophosphate to form dibenzyl phosphates thereof, which are then subject to hydrogenation to replace dibenzyl groups with H, followed by reacting with Amberlite IR-120 (Na+ form) to form disodium salts. The results of preliminary screening revealed that these phosphates showed significant anti-cancer activity. A novel intermediate, 2-selenophene 4-quinolone and Λ/, Λ/-dialkylaminoalkyl derivatives of 2-phenyl-4-quinolones are also synthesized. These novel intermediates exhibited significant anticancer activities.
US08440688B2	Compounds, formulations and methods for reducing skin wrinkles, creasing and sagging Methods, compounds, and topical formulations for reduction of skin sagging, creasing and/or wrinkling are disclosed. The methods comprise topically applying a composition comprising an α2 adrenergic receptor agonist. Amelioration of skin sagging, creasing and/or wrinkling begins within minutes after topical application of a disclosed composition. A single application can significantly reduce skin sagging, creasing and/or wrinkling for at least about 8 hours.
US08440683B2	Pharmaceutical preparation for treating demyelinating diseases of the nervous system; preparation promoting restoration of the myelin sheath of nerve fibers; and a method for treating demyelinating diseases of the nervous system The invention relates to a pharmaceutical remedy used to treat demyelinating diseases of the nervous system. The remedy contains stephaglabrin sulfate that contributes to the restoration of the myelin sheath of nerve fibers. A method for treating demyelinating diseases of the nervous system is also disclosed.
US08440676B2	Sweetener compositions and methods of making them The present invention provides compositions comprising sucralose and 4-amino-5,6-dimethylthieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2(1H)-one or salts, solvates, and/or esters thereof and methods of making the compositions by spray drying. The present invention also provides ingestible compositions comprising compositions of the present invention and methods of making such foods. The present invention also includes a process of preparing 2-amino-thiophene derivatives, which are key intermediates for preparing 4-amino-5,6-dimethylthieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2(1H)-one.

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