| Document | Document Title |
|---|---|
| US08194718B2 |
Receiving apparatus and signal processing method
In the reception and demodulation of a communication signal with frequency hopping among a plurality of frequency bands, a demodulator is formed by a balance circuit. The demodulator performs frequency conversion by multiplying signals in_a and in_b, which are obtained by converting a received signal into differential signals, by local signals Lo—1a and Lo—1b with a frequency corresponding to a frequency band of the received signal, which are frequency-switched during a guard interval period of the received signal, in synchronization with a symbol of the received signal. Further, two output ends of the demodulator are charged/discharged through capacitors in synchronization with frequency switching of the local signal so that a voltage difference between the two output ends of the demodulator becomes a prescribed level. |
| US08194715B2 |
Apparatus and method for generating a monocycle
An apparatus for generating a monocycle comprises an input signal source (76) for providing an input signal, and a step recovery diode (SRD) (80) for receiving the input signal and producing an impulse. A shunt inductor (102) is provided to act as a first differentiator and a capacitor (92) connected in series to the output of the step recovery diode acts as a second differentiator. The first and second differentiators are arranged to double differentiate the impulse to produce a monocycle. |
| US08194712B2 |
Monolithically integrated laser diode chip having a construction as a multiple beam laser diode
A monolithically integrated laser diode chip having a construction as a multiple beam laser diode, which, on a semiconductor substrate (3) comprised of GaAs, has at least two laser stacks (4a, 4b, 4c) which are arranged one above another and which each contain an active zone (7). The active zone (7) is in each case arranged between waveguide layers (8). The waveguide layers (8) each adjoin a cladding layer (6) at a side remote from the active zone. At least one of the waveguide layers (8) or cladding layers (6) of at least one laser stack (4a, 4b, 4c), comprises AlxGa1-xAs, where 0≦x≦1, and at least one additional material from main group III or V, such that the lattice mismatch between the at least one waveguide layer (8) or cladding layer (6) comprising the at least one additional element and the semiconductor substrate (3) composed of GaAs is reduced. This increases the lifetime of the laser diode chip. |
| US08194710B2 |
Semiconductor laser with heater
An optical semiconductor device has a semiconductor substrate, a semiconductor region and heater. The semiconductor region has a stripe shape demarcated with a top face and a side face thereof. The stripe shape has a width smaller than a width of the semiconductor substrate. An optical waveguide layer is located in the semiconductor region. A distance from a lower end of the side face of the semiconductor region to the optical waveguide layer is more than half of the width of the semiconductor region. The heater is provided above the optical waveguide layer. |
| US08194708B2 |
Laser
A laser apparatus in which the elimination of separate optical components to provide intra-cavity polarization and compensation for thermally induced birefringence, and their associated losses, results in an improvement in efficiency and reduction in complexity over prior art designs. |
| US08194707B2 |
Method and system for dynamically allocating video multiplexing buffer based on queuing theory
An embodiment of the invention may provide a method for predicting buffer size in a system, where multiple encoded bit streams may be multiplexed into a single bit stream. The multiple encoded bit streams may comprise either a constant or a variable rate. Notwithstanding, predicting the buffer size required for encoding, multiplexing and/or decoding prevents overflow and underflow of the buffer. At the demultiplexer, each decoder may have a buffer and there may not be any buffering prior to multiplexing. A plurality of MPEG encoded data bit streams may be multiplexed into a single multiplexed MPEG encoded data bit stream. A size of buffers utilized to buffer the multiplexed MPEG encoded data bit stream may be determined based on a queuing model. |
| US08194703B2 |
Wireless communication system
In a CDMA wireless communication system equipped with a base station, and at least one of wireless communication terminals which performs packet communications with respect to the base station by using at least one carrier, and wireless communication terminals which performs packet communications with respect to the base station by using a plurality of carriers at the same time. The base station includes: allocation information applying unit which applies allocation information which is commonly employed with respect to the plural carriers when a carrier is allocated to a specific terminal of the wireless communication terminals; time slot allocating unit which allocates time slots which are used by the wireless communication terminals in communications; allocation information storage unit which stores thereinto the allocation information; and time slot distribution determining unit which determines a time slot distribution which can be used by both the wireless communication terminals using one carrier, and also, the wireless communication terminals using the plural carriers at the same time. |
| US08194702B2 |
Transmission apparatus and transmission method
A transmission apparatus including: a layer multiplexing unit configured to assign, to a radio resource which is divided based on a time, a frequency and a layer, a bit sequence which constitutes at least one information source to be transmitted, in accordance with a communication state and a priority level of the information source; and a layer coding unit configured to perform a layer coding processing for the bit sequence assigned to the radio resource. The layer multiplexing unit performs the assignment so that a length of each bit sequence assigned to each radio resource becomes equivalent. |
| US08194701B2 |
System and/or method for downstream bidding
Digital objects may be transmitted to a destination via data networks. In particular, a node may facilitate bidding for the business of forwarding digital objects in a data transmission network. The node may receive a first bid request and generate a second bid request based on the first bid request. The second bid request may be transmitted to one or more intermediary nodes, and the node may receive one or more bids responsive to the second bid request. The node may subsequently receive and forward a digital object specified by the first bid request. |
| US08194698B2 |
Quality of service update procedure
Methods and systems are provided for updating the quality of service (QoS) of an IP flow in a wireless communications system. More particularly, the methods and systems provide the ability to update a QoS grant from any level of QoS to any other level of QoS, from no QoS to some level of QoS, and from some level of QoS to no level of QoS. The update of QoS can be based, at least in part, on a request being made for an updated QoS. A decision is made whether or not to update the QoS; and depending on the decision, the QoS can be updated. |
| US08194696B2 |
Method and apparatus for scheduling an acknowledgement transmission
A communication system distributes, in the time domain, acknowledgment transmissions by a group of access terminals sharing a same time domain resource. A position of one or more access terminals in the group of access terminals is determined and each of the one or more access terminals then sends an acknowledgment transmission, such as an acknowledgment or negative acknowledgement, in a time slot that is N time slots after the shared time domain resource, where N is a function of the position of the access terminal in the group of access terminals. |
| US08194694B2 |
Mobile communications system, base station apparatus, mobile station apparatus and mobile communications method
When the base station apparatus determines that it is necessary to make the mobile station apparatus execute random access, it is determined whether there is an unused signature. Then, the validity period during which the mobile station apparatus can use a signature is determined and the end time of the validity period is calculated. The signature and the calculated end time are included into a random access preamble allocation message, which is transmitted to the mobile station apparatus. The mobile station apparatus extracts the signature and the end time from the random access preamble allocation message, and determines random access channels through which a random access preamble including the signature can be transmitted, based on the extracted end time. As a result, it is possible to provide a base station apparatus and the like which, even if the signature belongs to the validity period, can achieve efficient communication between the base station apparatus and the mobile station apparatus by assigning the signature to another mobile station apparatus. |
| US08194693B2 |
Autonomous wireless networks
A device is operable to use received signals to divide time into a succession of frames, each frame having plural consecutive timeslots, and into a succession of four or more superframes. A transmitter is operated only in a single timeslot in one frame. A receiver is operated in the other timeslots in the frame and for all timeslots of immediately preceding and following frames, and in no other frames. This allows devices to predict periods in which to hibernate or carry out intensive tasks. The device determines which timeslots of the first frame are occupied to provide local awareness information, and transmits it as a code on its transmit timeslot along with payload data. This allows other devices in a network to obtain information about their local environment and about the environment of their neighbors. Routing decisions are made on this basis. |
| US08194690B1 |
Packet processing in a parallel processing environment
Packets are processed in a system that comprises a plurality of interconnected processor cores. The system receives packets into one or more queues. The system associates at least some nodes in a hierarchy of nodes with at least one of the queues, and at least some of the nodes with a rate. The system maps a set of one or more nodes to a processor core based on a level in the hierarchy of the nodes in the set and based on at least one rate associated with a node not in the set. The packets are processed in one or more processor cores including the mapped processor core according to the hierarchy. |
| US08194687B2 |
Access point configured for station group management and method for managing station-management groups
Embodiments of an access point configured for station group management and a method for managing station-management groups in a wireless network are generally described herein. In some embodiments, the access point may transmit a group allocation message to selected stations and establish a station-management group to include stations from which response frames are received. The access point may also transmit DL MU-MIMO transmissions to the stations of the station-management group using a MU-MIMO technique. When explicit group deletion is employed, the access point may explicitly delete some stations from the station-management group by transmitting a group deletion message to the stations of the group. When implicit group deletion is employed, the access point may implicitly delete some stations from the station-management group after a predetermined period of time indicated in the group allocation message by refraining from transmitting DL MU-MIMO transmissions or group update messages to the stations of the group. |
| US08194680B1 |
Managing communications for modified computer networks
Techniques are described for managing communications between multiple computing nodes, such as computing nodes that are part of a virtual computer network. In some situations, various types of modifications may be made to one or more computing nodes of an existing virtual computer network, and the described techniques include managing ongoing communications for those computing nodes so as to accommodate the modifications. Such modifications may include, for example, migrating or otherwise moving a particular computing node that is part of a virtual network to a new physical network location, or modifying other aspects of how the computing node participates in the virtual network (e.g., changing one or more virtual network addresses used by the computing node). In some situations, the computing nodes may include virtual machine nodes hosted on one or more physical computing machines or systems, such as by or on behalf of one or more users. |
| US08194679B2 |
System for data transfer in a wireless network
A wireless network protocol employs a hop-by-hop block formation approach in which data packets are organized into data blocks at each hop according to a routing table and are transmitted to each hop as data blocks. For example, data packets to be transmitted from a source node to a destination are grouped into a data block associated with a routing table. The source node transmits the data packets according to the routing table. Each node in the routing table determines which data packets it must transmit to other nodes to complete transmission of the data packets to the destination. Each such node determines a new routing table and groups these data packets into a new data block associated with the new routing table. Each node transmits the data packets of the new data block according to the new routing table in a manner similar to the source node. |
| US08194675B2 |
Parsing out of order data packets at a content gateway of a network
In one embodiment, a method includes receiving, at a local node of a network, a sequenced data packet of a flow made up of multiple sequenced data packets from a source node directed toward a destination node. The flow is to be parsed by the local node to describe the flow for administration of the network. Based on sequence data in the sequenced data packet, it is determined whether the sequenced data packet is out of order in the flow. If it is determined that the sequenced data packet is out of order, then the sequenced data packet is forwarded toward the destination node before parsing the sequenced data packet. The out of order sequenced data packet is also stored for subsequent parsing at the local node. |
| US08194668B2 |
Differential forwarding in address-based carrier networks
The invention relates to enabling differential forwarding in address-based carrier networks such as Ethernet networks. There is described a method of and connection controller for establishing connections (76, 77) in a frame-based communications network comprising nodes (71-75 and 78) such as Ethernet switches. The connections are established by configuring, in various of the nodes, mappings for forwarding data frames, such as Ethernet frames. The mappings are from a combination of a) a destination (or source) address corresponding to a destination (or source) node (73) of the connection and b) an identifier, such as a VLAN tag. The mappings are to selected output ports of the various nodes. By using the combination of destination (or source) address AND identifier, the mappings enable data frames belonging to different connections (76, 77) to be forwarded differentially (ie forwarded on different output ports) at a node (75) despite the different connections having the same destination node. This enables flexibility in routing connections and the ability to perform traffic engineering. |
| US08194666B2 |
Flexible method for processing data packets in a network routing system for enhanced efficiency and monitoring capability
According to an embodiment of the invention, a network device such as a router or switch provides efficient data packet handling capability. The network device includes one or more input ports for receiving data packets to be routed, as well as one or more output ports for transmitting data packets. The network device includes an integrated port controller integrated circuit for routing packets. The integrated circuit includes an interface circuit, a received packets circuit, a buffer manager circuit for receiving data packets from the received packets circuit and transmitting data packets in one or more buffers and reading data packets from the one or more buffers. The integrated circuit also includes a rate shaper counter for storing credit for a traffic class, so that the integrated circuit can support input and/or output rate shaping. The integrated circuit may be associated with an IRAM, a CAM, a parameter memory configured to hold routing and/or switching parameters, which may be implemented as a PRAM, and an aging RAM, which stores aging information. The aging information may be used by a CPU coupled to the integrated circuit via a system interface circuit to remove entries from the CAM and/or the PRAM when an age count exceeds an age limit threshold for the entries. |
| US08194665B2 |
Data packet, method, and device of transmitting payload information within an extendable header
The invention pertains to utilizing a data packet with a header extended to contain information dealing with the payload. Specifically, IEEE 802.1Q standard contains an extendable header which is normally utilized to contain information regarding a VLAN. However, these fields can also be utilized to provide information about the payload of the data packet. In this manner, networking devices which are primarily concerned with layer 2 data-link layer protocols can transmit information according to the information being transmitted by the packet. |
| US08194661B2 |
Autoconfiguration of an IPv6 component in a segmented network
Autoconfiguration of an IPv6 component in a segmented network including receiving an IPv6 packet; determining whether the received IPv6 packet is a router advertisement or a router solicitation; if the received IPv6 packet is a router advertisement, then retrieving through an out-of-band link a MAC address for the IPv6 component, removing a MAC address of a sending router, inserting in the packet instead an internal MAC address for forwarding packets to the IPv6 component, removing a multicast destination MAC address, inserting in the packet the destination MAC address of the IPv6 component, and forwarding the packet to the IPv6 component as a unicast message; if the received IPv6 packet is a router solicitation, then removing the MAC address of the sending IPv6 component, inserting in the packet instead an external MAC address for forwarding packets to the router, and forwarding the packet to the router as a multicast message. |
| US08194660B2 |
System, method, and computer-readable medium for dynamic device discovery for servers binding to multiple masters
A system, method, and computer readable medium that facilitate broadcast of a device discovery beacon by a dynamic physical device wishing to bind to one or more control systems are provided. If the dynamic physical device comprises a server that is configured to bind to multiple master controllers, the dynamic physical device may include a device Type Flag and set the value of the device Type Flag to indicate the dynamic physical device comprises a server. On detection of the beacon, a master controller evaluates the device Type Flag if it is present in the device discovery beacon. If the device Type Flag is present and indicates the dynamic physical device comprise a server which may bind to multiple master controllers, the master controller may automatically load a device Module for the dynamic physical device and commence communications with the dynamic physical device with no manual intervention. The master controller does not broadcast a binding notification thereby allowing other master controllers to bind with the same dynamic physical device. |
| US08194659B2 |
Mechanism for processing messages using logical addresses
A method and apparatus for processing message includes forming a logical address upon a creation of a channel of a group communication protocol at a logical address generator of a server. The logical address includes a unique identifier (UUID) associated with a logical name. The UUID created upon connecting the channel, and deleted upon disconnecting the channel. A mapping between UUIDs and physical addresses of members of the group is stored in a cache of a member of the group. |
| US08194655B2 |
Digraph based mesh communication network
In a packet communication network, a method of packet switched transport is provided using digraphs defining paths among nodes in which a graph identifier, instead of a literal destination address, is used to determine paths through the network. The nodes themselves implement a real-time mesh of connectivity. Packets flow along paths that are available to them, flowing around obstructions such as dead nodes and lost links without need for additional computation, route request messages, or dynamic routing tree construction. |
| US08194654B1 |
Virtual dial-up protocol for network communication
A layer two forwarding protocol (L2F) provides virtual direct dial-up service into private networks through public internet service providers. An authorized remote client appears as a direct dial-up client to the home gateway, even through the client is accessing the home gateway remotely through the ISP. The new forwarding protocol allows the remote client to conduct point-to-point link protocols, such as point-to-point protocol (PPP) and serial line interface protocol (SLIP) directly with the local network home gateway. The network access server changes from a routing mode where a communication protocol is conducted with the client to a switching mode where the POP simply sends data from one port to a tunnel. The tunnel then transmits the data to another port, regardless of the header information on transmitted data packets. The remote client can then be managed through databases controlled by the local network and gain access to resources not typically accessible through the internet. The layer two forwarding protocol conducts an independent authorization session to prevent unauthorized access to the private network and provides point-to-point protocol transport over the internet independently of internet transport protocols. |
| US08194651B2 |
Method and apparatus for user authentication
Authentication of a request for access to user specific information associated with a VoIP device is performed transparently, without any user identification or password required. A unique device identifier associated with the VoIP device is included in the request for access and used as an authentication token. |
| US08194649B2 |
Methods and apparatus for data communication
Data communication apparatus including a port and a control entity. The control entity is operative to establish a connection with a remote entity over a first path and negotiate with the remote entity using in-band signaling over the first path establishment of a second path allowing the exchange of data between the data communication apparatus and the remote entity. The invention presents advantages from the standpoint of ease of implementation and bandwidth and resource savings. The use of an in-band messaging protocol to negotiate a establishment of the second path can be implemented generally in a straight forward manner. At the same time, the ability to transfer at least part of the connection to the second path avoids the drawbacks that would arise if that part of the connection were constrained to the first path. This feature allows the operator to take advantage of benefits provided by the second path but not available to the first path. |
| US08194643B2 |
System and method for monitoring the connection of an end-user to a remote network
A method of monitoring the connection of a first end-user device to a network includes determining the amount of bandwidth present, tracking the amount of bandwidth in use by different classes of traffic, and tracking performance of the connection to detect when a threshold crossing has been reached. The threshold associated with a decline in quality of a connection between the first end-user device and the network. The method further includes generating data in response to the determined reaching of the threshold and communicating the data to a session controller or a second end-user device that is in a communications session with the first end-user device. The method further includes changing the communications session in response to additional data received from the second end-user device. |
| US08194642B2 |
System and method for providing multimedia services
In certain embodiments, the present invention comprises a system and method for providing feature services in a multimedia communication environment. The system and method comprise comparing signaling messages with control data to identify one or more service enablers and application servers that are responsive to the signaling message. Each responsive service enabler is invoked in accordance with an associated policy hook. |
| US08194641B2 |
Method and system for operating a communication service portal
A method of providing communication service includes receiving user identification information and first communication service criteria. The user identification information identifies a user, while the first communication service criteria describe a first communication service requested by the user. The method also includes generating a first communication service order based on the first communication service criteria. The first communication service order includes the user identification information and the communication service criteria. The method further includes selecting premise equipment for the user and generating an equipment order. The equipment order includes the user identification information and identifies the selected premise equipment. Additionally, the method includes transmitting the first communication service order to a first service provider and transmitting the equipment order to an equipment provider. |
| US08194638B2 |
Dual network types solution for computer interconnects
Briefly, according to an embodiment of the invention, a computing system comprises: a plurality of tightly coupled processing nodes; a plurality of circuit switched networks using a circuit switching mode, interconnecting the processing nodes, and for handling data transfers that meet one or more criteria; and a plurality of electronic packet switched networks, also interconnecting the processing nodes, for handling data transfers that do meet the at least one criteria. The circuit switched networks and the electronic packet switched networks operate simultaneously. The system additionally comprises a plurality of clusters which comprise the processing nodes, and a plurality of intra-cluster communication links. The electronic packet switched networks are for handling collectives and short-lived data transfers among the processing nodes and comprises one-tenth of the bandwidth of the circuit switched networks. |
| US08194637B2 |
Method and apparatus for achieving system acquisition and other signaling purposes using the preamble in an OFDM based communications system
In the system acquisition process system information is non-coherently detected using correlation of reconstructed and received preamble signals, such as the primary broadcast control channel (PBCCH) and the acquisition pilots (TDM1, TDM2, and TDM3). The phase correlation signals between the correlated signals of PBCCH and TDM2 or TDM3 and between the correlated signals of TDM2 and TDM3 are combined to decode other sector interference (OSI) information and the like. Acquisition is also made more efficient by taking advantage of predictable information based on system synchronicity. The sync/async bit is included in at least one of the acquisition pilots. The mobile then uses knowledge of system synchronicity to more efficiently detect the additional information in the superframe preamble. |
| US08194636B1 |
Adaptive timing synchronization for mesh networks
Timing synchronization for mesh networks is disclosed. A temperature calibration data is received. A plurality of previously stored calibration values each corresponding to different temperatures is adjusted based at least in part on the received temperature calibration data. A temperature measurement is received. A first clock offset is determined based at least in part on the adjusted plurality of previously stored calibration values and the temperature measurement. |
| US08194628B2 |
Methods and apparatus to enable call completion in internet protocol communication networks
Methods and apparatus to enable call completion in Internet protocol communication networks are disclosed. An example method of processing a voice over Internet protocol call disclosed herein comprises failing to receive a response to a request for a numeric Internet protocol (IP) address of a destination device from a domain name system (DNS) server, querying a telephone number mapping (ENUM) server for the numeric IP address, and sending an invite message to process the call when the numeric IP address is received from the ENUM server. |
| US08194625B2 |
Wireless LAN device
The present invention provides a LAN device 20 having an internal function of controlling communication.A management representative of the LAN device 20 sets a protocol applicable for communication with regard to each of MAC addresses or IP addresses allocated to transmitter terminals and each of IP addresses allocated to receiver terminals. The LAN device transmits data in the case of the protocol applicable for communication, while not transmitting data in the case of any protocol inapplicable for communication. |
| US08194620B2 |
Method for terminals to switch the reverse traffic channels in CDMA group call service
The present invention discloses a method for terminals to switch among the reverse traffic channels in CDMA group call service. During the establishing procedure of the standard group call service, the originating call terminal sets the long code mask for the reverse dedicated traffic channel, establishes the reverse dedicated traffic channel and obtains the talk right to become the speaking terminal; the called terminal sets the long code mask for the reverse shared traffic channel, establishes the reverse shared traffic channel and becomes the listening terminal. After the speaking terminal successfully releases the talk right, it resets the long code mask of the reverse traffic channel as the long code mask of the reverse shared traffic channel and switches to the reverse shared traffic channel to become the listening terminal. After the listening terminal applies for and gets the talk right, it resets the long code mask of the reverse traffic channel as the long code mask of the reverse dedicated traffic channel and switches to the reverse dedicated traffic channel to become the speaking terminal. According to the present invention, in the standard group call service, the terminal of one group can rapidly switch to the corresponding reverse traffic channel when the status is changed. |
| US08194618B2 |
Radio base station device, communication terminal device, and control information transmission method
In addition to dedicated channel signal formation units 101-1 to 101-N, control information channel signal formation unit 110 is provided and this control information channel signal formation unit 110 forms control information for carrying out uplink packet transmission. The control information channel signal formation unit 110 multiplexes control information (RG information, ACK/NACK, etc.) directed to a plurality of communication terminals through a channel encoding section 111 according to a multiplexing rule preset between the base station apparatus and each communication terminal and spreads the control information using a spreading code common to the communication terminals through a spreading section 113 and thereby forms a control information channel signal for uplink packet transmission. |
| US08194617B2 |
Method and apparatus for increasing efficiency of data packet transmission
An apparatus and method for increasing efficiency of data packet transmission comprising receiving a TCA message and a new pilot signal; determining if the TCA message includes at least one scheduler tag; performing one of the following: determining if there are other pilot signals associated with the at least one scheduler tag or determining if the new pilot signal is in a softer handoff with a member of an active set; and performing one of the following: associating the new pilot signal to the at least one scheduler tag or creating a new scheduler group and associating the new pilot signal with it. In one aspect, one of the following additional steps is performed: determining if all the other pilot signals are newly added to the at least one scheduler tag or determining if at least one of the other pilot signals is associated with the active set. |
| US08194616B1 |
Power save mechanisms for dynamic ad-hoc networks
Techniques for establishing a dynamic ad-hoc wireless network are disclosed. A node transitions between wake and sleep modes during periods defined as beacon intervals. Before a network connection is established and while it is awake, the node transmits network connection request and also listens for network activity. If a beacon or response message is not detected while the node is listening, the node enters sleep mode and thereby conserves power. The node optionally changes the duration of its detection period and/or the time at which it listens for network activity relative to the start of each beacon interval. Information elements are optionally included with transmitted beacons or response messages. |
| US08194610B2 |
Method for establishing a connection with a generic access network and associated GAN-enabled mobile station
A method for establishing a connection with a generic access network (GAN) and an associated GAN-enabled mobile station are provided. The method is used in the GAN-enabled mobile station. The method first issues a request message to the generic access network to request for connection establishment, and at the same time starts a timer with a timeout longer than five seconds. Then, the method determines a state of the GAN-enabled mobile station according to a response message corresponding to the request message when the response message is received within the timeout. In this manner, the GAN-enabled mobile station can increase the success rate of connection establishment with the generic access network. |
| US08194609B2 |
Handoff management based on non-traffic state uplink signals
A detecting base station receives a non-traffic state uplink signal transmitted from a wireless communication device to an originating base station. The originating base station transmits a search message instructing the wireless communication device to search for an alternate base station. |
| US08194602B2 |
System and method for downlink control signal structure for multi-user MIMO
A system and method for downlink control signal structure for multi-user MIMO is provided. A method comprises selecting a set of mobile stations (MSs) to receive substantially simultaneously transmitted transmissions, and transmitting interference control information and data to each mobile station (MS) in the set of MSs. A number of MSs in the set of MSs is less than a maximum allowable number of simultaneously scheduled MSs, and an amount of interference control information and a type of interference control information transmitted is based on the number of MSs in the set of MSs and the maximum allowable number of simultaneously scheduled MSs. |
| US08194601B2 |
Method for transmitting and receiving signals using multi-band radio frequencies
A method for transmitting and receiving signals using multi-band Radio Frequencies (RFs) is provided. The method performs channel coding on an information unit of a specific layer above a physical layer to produce a specific number of codewords and maps the generated specific number of codewords to a plurality of frequency allocation bands managed by one specific layer, and then transmits the mapped signal through each of the plurality of frequency allocation bands. Each of the plurality of frequency allocation bands managed by the one specific layer has a band size for allocation for a specific service according to a predetermined frequency policy. When the generated specific number of codewords is mapped to the plurality of frequency allocation bands, each of the specific number of codewords is mapped to at least one of the plurality of frequency allocation bands. A frequency allocation band used for transmission of each codeword when the codeword is retransmitted may be set to be different from that when it is initially transmitted. |
| US08194600B2 |
Air interface selection between nodes in peer-to-peer/ad-hoc networks
Aspects describe pairs of nodes negotiating air interfaces in a peer-to-peer and/or ad hoc network. The negotiation can take into account the capability of each node. The negotiation can be performed on a default link and after negotiation, the nodes can facilitate a communication handoff to the negotiated link. Further, one or more nodes can support multiple air interfaces, wherein nodes that support multiple air interfaces can establish more than one air interface with peer nodes over similar air interfaces or over different air interfaces as a function of negotiation between the nodes. |
| US08194599B2 |
Method and system for autonomous channel coordination for a wireless distribution system
A method and system for autonomous channel coordination for a wireless distribution system (WDS) are disclosed. A wireless communication system includes a plurality of access points (APs) and the APs communicate each other via a WDS. A coordinated channel group (CCG) of a plurality of member APs is established. The member APs of the CCG camp on a WDS channel used for the WDS among the member APs of the CCG. One AP among the member APs of the CCG is designated as a master AP. The master AP coordinates with other member APs of the CCG for selecting and configuring the WDS channel for the CCG and addition and deletion of member APs. By allowing APs to define a CCG, changes of the WDS channel are performed autonomously while maintaining connectivity. |
| US08194596B2 |
Wireless communication system, transmitting device and receiving device
A wireless communication system has a transmitting device and a receiving device that perform communication by using a multi-carrier signal, wherein the receiving device includes a quality generating unit generating each piece of receiving quality information on each pilot channel for transmitting each pilot signal, a determining unit determining the number of pilot channels needed in the multi-carrier signal based on the receiving quality information, and a notifying unit transmitting a signal requesting the determined number of pilot channels to the transmitting device, and the transmitting device includes an allocation unit determining allocations of pilot signals in the direction of the time axis and in the direction of the frequency axis, corresponding to a requested number of pilot channels, and a transmitting unit transmitting the multi-carrier signal having the determined pilot signal allocations. |
| US08194595B2 |
Hierarchical data collection network supporting packetized voice communications among wireless terminals and telephones
A packet-based, hierarchical communication system, arranged in a spanning tree configuration, is described in which wired and wireless communication networks exhibiting substantially different characteristics are employed in an overall scheme to link portable or mobile computing devices. The network accommodates real time voice transmission both through dedicated, scheduled bandwidth and through a packet-based routing within the confines and constraints of a data network. Conversion and call processing circuitry is also disclosed which enables access devices and personal computers to adapt voice information between analog voice stream and digital voice packet formats as proves necessary. Routing pathways include wireless spanning tree networks, wide area networks, telephone switching networks, internet, etc., in a manner virtually transparent to the user. A voice session and associate call setup simulates that of conventional telephone switching network, providing well-understood functionality common to any mobile, remote or stationary terminal, phone, computer, etc. |
| US08194591B2 |
Communication methods in a network
Communication method in a network (1), of data being transmitted from a wireless master station (10) to a recipient station (14) via one of the wireless slave stations (10 to 12). In order to guarantee a quality of service, the method comprises a first election of a first slave station, then a first transmission of at least one data packet present in the first queue, the first transmission being carried out from the master station to the first slave station, a second election of a second slave station, then a second transmission of at least one data packet present in the second queue, the second transmission being carried out from the master station to a second slave station and the first transmission continuing as long as the first queue is not empty. |
| US08194589B2 |
Systems and methods for wireless network selection based on attributes stored in a network database
Systems and methods for wireless network selection based on attributes stored in a network database are disclosed. In some embodiments, a method comprises receiving a network identifier associated with a wireless network, determining if a network profile associated with the network identifier is stored within a network profile database comprising a plurality of network profiles, and if the network profile associated with the network identifier is stored within the network profile database, retrieving the network profile, or if the network profile associated with the network identifier is not stored within the network profile database, initiating the network profile, obtaining an attribute associated with the network device identifier, and storing the attribute within the network profile. |
| US08194586B2 |
Cellular phone terminal having built-in wireless LAN, cellular phone system and personal information protection method therefor
Disclosed are a cellular phone terminal having built-in wireless LAN, a cellular phone system and a privacy protection method therefore that enable to prevent leakage of private information (or privacy) of the user of the cellular phone terminal from the communication data when conducting a search for wireless LAN base stations. The cellular phone terminal 10 comprises, in addition to the cellular phone function section 11, a cellular phone network transmitter/receiver section 14, a wireless LAN transmitter/receiver section 13 and a wireless LAN connection control section 12, an SSID•MAC address management section 15 connected to the wireless LAN connection control section 12 and the cellular phone network transmitter receiver section 14. The SSID•MAC address management section 15 is allocated by a MAC address management server 25 one or more temporary MAC addresses together with their time limit by way of the cellular phone network transmitter/receiver section 14 and a cellular phone base station 23 and the temporary MAC addresses are used when conducting a search for wireless LAN base stations 21. |
| US08194585B2 |
Wireless communication system
A modular wireless Internet access communications system designed to extend broadband 802.3 linear-bus topology up to fifteen miles beyond the physical limits of DSL or cable technologies through the integration of specialized wireless hardware devices, firmware, and protocols. |
| US08194584B2 |
Base station device, wireless terminal, wireless communication management device, and wireless communication system
A base station device includes: a connection determining unit that determines whether a connection can be allowed in response to a wireless communication connection request from a wireless terminal that can have wireless communications with other base stations; a frequency calculating unit that calculates the frequency at which the connection determining unit prohibits a connection; and a power changing unit that changes transmission power, based on the connection prohibition frequency. |
| US08194582B2 |
Method and apparatus for hosting commercially-derived packet routers on satellite payloads
The system contains an RF demodulator. A packet aggregation switching device is in communication with the RF demodulator. At least one packet processing engine is in communication with the RF demodulator. The packet aggregation switching device controls communication between the RF demodulator and the packet processing engine. An RF modulator may also be in communication with the packet processing engine along an egress path. The packet aggregation switching device may output traffic into the egress path. |
| US08194578B2 |
System and method for transmitting/receiving multicast/broadcast signal in a communication system
A system and method for transmitting/receiving a multicast/broadcast signal in a communication system are provided, in which if the communication system includes at least one zone to which the same service is provided and the zone includes at least one ASN_GW and at least one BS connected to the ASN_GW, the ASN_GW generates a second multicast/broadcast signal using a received first multicast/broadcast signal according to information about the zone, generates time information indicating a time when the BS is to transmit the second multicast/broadcast signal, and transmits the second multicast/broadcast signal and the time information to the BS. |
| US08194576B2 |
Wireless access point methods and apparatus using dynamically-activated service intervals
Methods and apparatus for controlling a wireless access point (AP) (e.g. a battery-powered wireless AP) for reduced power consumption are provided. In one illustrative example, the AP is adapted to provide communication access for end stations in one or more activated service intervals of each superframe. During operation, the AP changes the number of activated service intervals that are available to end stations for the communication access, as well as the durations of their active subinterval durations, in accordance with a change in traffic requirements. The AP regularly broadcasts data which indicates the activated service intervals that are made available to the mobile devices. A wireless transceiver of the AP is enabled during each activated service interval made available to the mobile devices, but the AP is placed in a power conservation mode during each deactivated service interval provided in between the activated service intervals. The AP may also be placed in the power conservation mode during inactive subintervals of each activated service interval. |
| US08194575B2 |
Methods and devices for random access power control in a communications network
The invention relates to a method in a first communication device within a communications network for designing a random access transmission power setting of the first communication device comprising to receive (42) data from a second communication device on a radio channel indicating a random access reception power. The first communication device determines (44) a desired random access reception power of the second communication device based on the received data and a parameter of random access configuration that influences a detection performance of the random access at the second communication device. Based on the desired random access reception power the first communication device determines (46) a random access transmission power to use and the first communication device designs (48) the random access transmission power setting of the first communication device in accordance with the determined random access transmission to use. |
| US08194574B2 |
Wireless access method and apparatus determining communication carriers to be used in uplink and downlink based on type of service
A wireless access method includes connecting a wireless base station and a plurality of wireless terminals using a first communication carrier and a second communication carrier in a hybrid-duplex manner; allocating uplink data of a real-time service to the first communication carrier; allocating uplink data of a non-real-time service to the second communication carrier; allocating downlink data of the real-time service to one of the first communication carrier and the second communication carrier; and allocating downlink data of the non-real-time service to the first and second communication carriers. |
| US08194567B2 |
System and method for establishing a wireless mesh network using multiple frequency bands
A mesh network is initiated by using multiple frequency bands for establishing communication between mesh nodes. In one aspect, a higher or lower frequency communication link may be established depending on the range between two mesh nodes. As the mesh network increases and decreases in density, and range and communication aspects change, a communication link may be change between the higher and lower frequency bands as necessary. |
| US08194565B2 |
Service level agreements based on objective voice quality testing for voice over IP (VOIP) networks
An objective, service-level specific voice call listening quality test scheme for a Voice Over IP (VOIP) network is presented. Test probes are deployed along the border of the VOIP network. Each test probe is capable of placing calls over the VOIP network to the other test probes at different levels of service and measuring call quality using an objective measurement algorithm such as PAMS or PSQM. The measurement results are collected on an ongoing basis to obtain information on the VOIP network's voice call quality. The information is compared to thresholds to measure performance against Service Level Agreement guarantees. |
| US08194563B2 |
Closed-loop rate control for a MIMO communication system
In a MIMO system, rate control is achieved with an inner loop that selects rates for data streams sent via a MIMO channel and an outer loop that regulates the operation of the inner loop. For the inner loop, SNR estimates are obtained for each data stream based on received pilot symbols and/or received data symbols. An effective SNR is derived for each data stream based on the SNR estimates, a diversity order, a MIMO backoff factor, and an outer loop backoff factor for the data stream. The rates are then selected for the data streams based on the effective SNRs for the data streams. The outer loop adjusts the outer loop backoff factor for each data stream based on the performance (e.g., packet errors and/or decoder metrics) for the data stream. |
| US08194560B2 |
Access point identifier configuration procedure
In an access point identifier configuration scheme, different procedures are used for configuring (e.g., updating) different types of access points. For example, the criteria used to determine which identifiers are to be assigned to mobile access points may be different than the criteria used to determine which identifiers are to be assigned to stationary access points. |
| US08194558B2 |
Method of estimating signal-to-noise ratio, method of adjusting feedback information transmission, adaptive modulation and coding method using the same, and transceiver thereof
A method of estimating a signal-to-noise ratio by considering user mobility, a method of adjusting feedback information transmission, an adaptive modulation and coding method using the same, and a transceiver thereof are disclosed. The present invention includes measuring a first channel parameter and a second channel parameter using first and second symbols sequentially received, respectively, estimating a channel quality considering a time delay between measurements of the first and second channel parameters using the first and second channel parameters, and transmitting information for the estimated channel quality if a variation of the first and second channel parameters is equal to or greater than a prescribed threshold. Accordingly, the present invention reduces performance degradation and feedback overhead caused by a time delay in channel quality estimation. |
| US08194556B2 |
Latency-aware adaptive bandwidth request mechanism for real-time communication in WiMAX
A method and apparatus for requesting bandwidth in a subscriber station is disclosed. The method dynamically changes the size of the bandwidth request based on the prediction of the number of packets needed to be transmitted. The average delay experienced by packets in a queue is measured, and this information is then used to change the coefficient of a prediction equation. When the experienced average delay is below the agreed upon QoS latency parameter or delay target, the method reduces the size of the bandwidth requests by making the prediction equation more conservative. On the other hand, when the experienced delay is above the agreed upon latency, the algorithm will make the prediction equation more aggressive, increasing the bandwidth requests and reducing the latency for future packets. By modifying the prediction equation based on the measured delay, the method is able to select the optimal point for achieving time delay requirements while preserving air-link resources. |
| US08194554B2 |
Method and apparatus for providing bypass connectivity between routers
Forwarding Adjacencies (FAs) can be set up between IP/MPLS routers without requiring a Routing Adjacency (RA) to be brought up for every FA. This enables increased bypass connectivity to be established between end-point routers in the IP/MPLS network without attendant additional processing associated with having dedicated RA for each FA. Where it is possible to modify the end-point routers, the physical ports may be configured to support stand-alone FAs. A configured FA at a physical port is then associated with an IP address of a remote end-point router and a connection within the bypass technology. OAM is used to verify connectivity and configuration across the FA. Alternatively, an emulated Ethernet LAN segment may be used for IP traffic to enable full mesh connectivity to be provided by the bypass technology while requiring only one or a small number of RAs to be implemented at each end-point router. |
| US08194552B1 |
System and method for trace replay using parallelized streams
The invention relates to a system and method for generating realistic network traffic by replaying captured network traffic using parallelized streams of subtraces. In accordance with one method of the invention, a captured trace of network traffic from a network link is provided. The captured trace is split into a number of subtraces. The subtraces are replayed and then recombined into a recombined trace, wherein the timing of packets in the recombined trace approximates the timing of packets in the captured trace. |
| US08194548B2 |
Method and system for duty cycling portions of a network device based on aggregate throughput of the device
Aspects of a method and system for duty cycling a network device based on aggregate throughput of the device are provided. In this regard, a limit on aggregate ingress and egress data of a network device during a time interval may be determined. Processing of data by the network device may be duty cycled based on the determination. The device may process data at a first rate during a first portion of the time interval and process data at a second rate during a remaining portion of the time interval. In this regard, portions of the device may be slowed or powered down during the first portion of the time interval. Power consumed by the device during the first portion of the time interval may be less than power consumed by the device during the remaining portion of the time interval. |
| US08194546B2 |
Traffic flow determination in communications networks
A method of determining traffic paths between one or more source-destination node pairs in a communications network, comprising starting from a first set of paths between said source-destination node pairs, determining a second set of paths between said source-destination node pairs while taking into account a set of constraints, such that said second set of paths emulates said first set of paths. |
| US08194543B2 |
Methods of data traffic shaping, apparatus and wireless device
Methods of data traffic shaping, an apparatus and a wireless device are provided. A method of data traffic shaping comprises receiving data packets, the data packets to be forwarded; storing at least one of the data packets in a buffer memory if the buffer memory has an available space for accommodating the at least one of the data packets; and discarding at least one other of the data packets if the buffer memory does not have an available space for accommodating the at least one other of the data packets. An apparatus is configured to carry out the method. A wireless device may include the apparatus. |
| US08194542B2 |
Method and equipment for performing flow shaping that maintains service quality in packet-switched telecommunications
The invention relates to a method and equipment for performing flow shaping that maintains service quality in packet-switched telecommunications. Using the method according to the invention, the speed properties (OR, PIR, CBS) of an aggregate flow (A) can be monitored and limited in a situation, in which the aggregate flow contains delay-critical traffic (V1), the forwarding of packets representing which cannot be delayed. The invention is based on the fact that, when forwarding packets representing the aggregate flow, a variable is updated, the value of which expresses the earliest permitted moment, at which a packet, representing traffic (V2) other than the delay-critical traffic, can be forwarded. In that case, the transfer speed of the traffic (V2) other than delay-critical traffic adapts to the variations in the transfer speed of the delay-critical traffic, allowing the speed properties of the aggregate flow to be monitored and limited. |
| US08194541B2 |
Method and apparatus for providing a collaborative reply over an ad-hoc mesh network
An approach is provided for providing a collaborative reply to a flooding message over an ad-hoc mesh network. A reply message to a flooding message is received by a wireless node within the ad-hoc network. The wireless node monitors for an acknowledgement of receipt of the reply message according to a routing table and initiates a scheduled transmission of the reply message based on the monitoring. |
| US08194540B2 |
Apparatus and method for managing quality of service of service flow in wireless communication system
An apparatus and method for managing quality of service (QoS) of a service flow in a wireless communication system are provided. A method of operating a base station (BS) in a wireless communication system includes receiving QoS policy information of mobile stations (MSs) from a network entity including a policy decision function (PDF) or from neighbor BSs, and storing the QoS policy information; detecting a mobile station attempting connection re-establishment; upon detecting the mobile station attempting connection re-establishment, evaluating a QoS policy of the mobile station; and controlling a state of a service flow generated for the mobile station according to the QoS policy. |
| US08194538B2 |
Optimal route selection in a content delivery network
A routing mechanism, service or system operable in a distributed networking environment. One preferred environment is a content delivery network (CDN) wherein the present invention provides improved connectivity back to an origin server, especially for HTTP traffic. In a CDN, edge servers are typically organized into regions, with each region comprising a set of content servers that preferably operate in a peer-to-peer manner and share data across a common backbone such as a local area network (LAN). The inventive routing technique enables an edge server operating within a given CDN region to retrieve content (cacheable, non-cacheable and the like) from an origin server more efficiently by selectively routing through the CDN's own nodes, thereby avoiding network congestion and hot spots. The invention enables an edge server to fetch content from an origin server through an intermediate CDN server or, more generally, enables an edge server within a given first region to fetch content from the origin server through an intermediate CDN region. |
| US08194533B2 |
Fault tolerant data bus node and system
A data bus node, being a control node or a sensor node and being arranged to communicate over a TDMA data bus. The node includes a time signal processing device being configured to define a TDMA time slot transmission schedule for at least the node. A switch is configured to either connect or isolate a transmission path of the node to the bus and is configured to be controlled by the TDMA time slot transmission schedule for the node via a bus transmission access control device. The bus transmission access control device is configured to be further controlled by at least one external control signal via at least one external data transmission link being physically separated from the bus. A fault tolerant data bus system includes such a bus node and an aircraft exploiting the node/system. The babbling idiot problem is solved and at the same time the node/s/system fail silent behavior is enhanced. |
| US08194531B2 |
Methods for transmitting and receiving a multicarrier signal, carrying out a channel estimation, and corresponding devices and computer program products
A method is provided for receiving a received signal corresponding to a multicarrier signal transmitted by at least one transmitter via a transmission channel. The multicarrier signal is formed by a temporal succession of symbols consisting of a set of data elements including informative data elements with real values, and pilots for at least some of the symbols. Due to groups of at least two pilots being respectively located in an adjacent region in the time/frequency space, the reception method includes a step of extracting at least two complex values corresponding the pilots of the group of the adjacent region, once they have passed through the transmission channel, and a step of estimating the transmission channel in the adjacent region on the basis of the complex values. The modulation used is the type of OFDM OQAM. |
| US08194516B2 |
Information recording apparatus and method
A disc-shaped information recording medium includes a first recording layer (L0 layer) having (I) a first trial write area (101P-1) for trial write of first trial write information for calibration of the laser beam along the first track path (TP1) from the inner circumference toward the outer circumference and (II) a first recording area for recording the first recording information along a first track path (TP1), in this order from the inner circumference side. Furthermore, the disc-shaped information recording medium includes a second recording layer (L1 layer) having (I) a second trial write area (101P-2) for trial write of second trial write information for calibration of the laser beam along the second track path (TP2) from the outer circumference toward the inner circumference and (II) a second recording area for recording the second recording information along a second track path (TP2), in this order from the inner circumference side. |
| US08194515B2 |
Information recording medium and recording and/or reproducing apparatus and method
An information recording medium and a recording and/or reproducing apparatus and method used to guarantee reproduction compatibility in consideration of the fact that content distribution may be performed according to various business models includes a management information zone in which management information is recorded, wherein the management information indicates an intended type of use of the information recording medium. |
| US08194511B2 |
Heat-assisted magnetic recording head with near-field light generating element
A near-field light generating element has an outer surface including a bottom surface that lies at an end closer to a top surface of a substrate, a waveguide facing surface that lies at an end farther from the top surface of the substrate and faces a waveguide, a front end face located in a medium facing surface, and a side surface that connects the bottom surface, the waveguide facing surface and the front end face to each other. The front end face includes a first side that lies at an end of the bottom surface, a tip that lies at an end farther from the top surface of the substrate and forms a near-field light generating part, a second side that connects an end of the first side to the tip, and a third side that connects the other end of the first side to the tip. The waveguide facing surface includes a width changing portion that has a width in a direction parallel to the bottom surface and the front end face, the width decreasing with decreasing distance to the front end face. |
| US08194509B2 |
Thermally-assisted magnetic recording head comprising light source with photonic-band layer
A thermally-assisted magnetic recording head is provided, in which a light source having sufficiently high output power for performing thermal-assist is disposed in the element-integration surface of the substrate to achieve improved mass-productivity. The head includes: a light source having a multilayered structure including a photonic-band layer and having a light-emitting surface opposed to the element-integration surface; a diffraction optical element that converges the emitted light; a light-path changer that changes the direction of the converged light; a waveguide that propagates the direction-changed light toward the opposed-to-medium surface; and a magnetic pole that generates write field. The surface-emitting type light source includes a photonic-band layer having a periodic structure in which a light from an active region resonates, and thus emits laser light on a quite different principle from a VCSEL. Therefore, the light source can be disposed in the element-integration surface, even though having sufficiently high output power. |
| US08194508B2 |
Waveform based bit detection for bit patterned media
The presently disclosed technology teaches a transducer head with a read sensor, a write pole, and one or more waveform sensors attached to the transducer head. Further, a waveform propagates in the direction of a BPM and the waveform sensor is configured to detect the waveform after it is reflected from the BPM. Additionally, a spin-polarized current is influenced by the BPM and a spin angular momentum sensor detects changes in spin angular momentum of the current. Further, a processor relates at least one property of the reflected waveform and/or current with positions of patterned bits on the BPM. The processor may then modify a timing signal and/or transducer head position to ensure that data bits are accurately written to the BPM. The end result is the ability to more quickly and accurately detect the patterned bits and synchronize a position of the transducer head with the patterned bits. |
| US08194504B2 |
Hydrophone unit
A hydrophone unit comprising a resilient central wire; a conductive wire coiled around the resilient central wire, said conductive wire being coated with a piezo material for generating an electrical signal in response to the presence of an acoustic vibration, wherein the resilient central wire is fabricated from spring steel, the conductive wire is a copper wire, the piezo material includes polyvinylidene difluoride; a layer of conductive material deposited on the piezo material-coated conductive wire, wherein the layer of conductive material comprises a silver ink; and a jacket of polyurethane. |
| US08194502B1 |
Variable directivity loud hailing device
A system and method for varying the directionality of an acoustic output of a loud hailing and warning device is disclosed. The method includes the operation of placing a sliding high-pass filter in a signal path of a transducer array having a frequency-dependant dispersion characteristic. A control is provided that varies a lower cutoff frequency of the sliding high-pass filter. The lower cutoff frequency of an electronic audio signal is variably controlled and sent to the transducer array to variably control the directionality of the acoustic output of the loud hailing and warning device. |
| US08194501B2 |
Apparatus and method of sniper localization
An apparatus and method of sniper localization includes an internal clock; an acoustic sensor positioned in a known location and detecting pressure waves; a first processor determining the trajectory of the supersonic projectile, where the first processor includes a shock wave threshold detector receiving time series information and recording arrival times of shock wave components of the pressure waves; a blast threshold detector receiving the time series information and recording arrival times and amplitude information of blast wave components of the pressure waves; a discrimination processor discriminating between a blast wave, a shock wave, or neither, and storing arrival times of each of the potential blast wave components classified as the blast wave; and a localization estimation processor calculating an estimated trajectory of the projectile based on the blast wave and the shock wave arrival times and calculating an estimated firing position of the projectile. |
| US08194498B2 |
Using a wave propagator for transversely isotropic media
A technique includes modeling a seismic wavefield in a vertical transversely isotropic media as a second order derivative of a first wavefield function with respect to a vertical direction and not with respect to crossline and inline directions and as second order derivatives of a second wave field function with respect to the inline and crossline directions and not with respect to the vertical direction. The method includes processing seismic measurements of the media in accordance with the modeled seismic wavefield to obtain information about the media. In another technique, a seismic wavefield in a tilted transversely isotropic media are modeled based at least in part on orientation of the symmetry axis and a nonzero shear velocity for the media; and seismic measurements of the media are processed in accordance with the modeled seismic wavefield to obtain information associated with the media. |
| US08194497B2 |
Reduction of tool eccentricity effects on acoustic measurements
A system for measuring an acoustic property of material penetrated by a well borehole. The system uses a borehole logging tool comprising preferably one acoustic transmitter and preferably a plurality of acoustic receivers. An independent measurement is used to determine azimuthal orientation of the tool within the borehole. Firings of the transmitter are based upon azimuthal orientation of the tool. Receiver responses resulting from preferably a plurality of transmitter firings per tool revolution are combined to form at least one composite transmitter response. The composite receiver response is compensated for adverse effects of the tool operating eccentered within the borehole. |
| US08194495B2 |
Clock generators, memory circuits, systems, and methods for providing an internal clock signal
A clock generator includes a first input end and a second input end. The first input end is capable of receiving a first clock signal including a first state transition and a second state transition defining a first pulse width. The second input end is capable of receiving a second clock signal having a third state transition. A time period ranges from the first state transition to the third state transition. The clock generator can compare the first pulse width and the time period. The clock generator can output a third clock signal having a second pulse width ranging from a fourth state transition to a fifth state transition. The fifth state transition of the third clock signal is capable of being triggered by the second state transition of the first clock signal or the third state transition of the second clock signal depending on the comparison of the first pulse width and the time period. |
| US08194491B2 |
Power-up circuit
A power-up circuit comprises an external supply voltage potential detector, a first internal supply voltage potential detector, a second internal supply voltage potential detector, and a logic circuit. The external supply voltage potential detector is configured to detect a supply voltage that is external to the memory device and to generate a first detection signal indicating whether a voltage potential of the external supply voltage reaches a first predetermined value. The first internal supply voltage potential detector is configured to detect a first internal supply voltage that is internal to the memory device and to generate a second detection signal indicating whether a voltage potential of the first internal supply voltage reaches a second predetermined value. The second internal supply voltage potential detector is configured to detect a second internal supply voltage that is internal to the memory device and to receive the first detection signal and an output voltage of the first internal supply voltage potential detector for generating a third detection signal indicating whether the voltage potentials of the external supply voltage and the first and second internal supply voltages reach the first, second, and third predetermined values respectively. The logic circuit is configured to receive the third detection signal and to generate a power-up signal. |
| US08194485B2 |
Semiconductor memory device and method of controlling sense amplifier of semiconductor memory device
A semiconductor memory device includes at least one sense amplifier, a controller and a sense amplifier driver. The sense amplifier includes a PMOS sense amplifier and an NMOS sense amplifier configured to be respectively activated in response to a first supply voltage and a second supply voltage, and to sense and amplify a voltage difference between a corresponding bit line pair. The controller is configured to set an operating mode in response to an external command, to control activation timing of a PMOS drive activation signal and an NMOS drive activation signal according to the set operating mode, and to output the PMOS drive activation signal and the NMOS drive activation signal. The sense amplifier driver is configured to apply the first and second supply voltages to the PMOS and NMOS sense amplifiers, respectively, in response to the PMOS drive activation signal and the NMOS drive activation signal. |
| US08194484B2 |
Circuit precharging DRAM bit line
A bit line pre-charge circuit for a dynamic random access memory (DRAM) uses a charge sharing scheme. The pre-charge circuit includes switching elements disposed between a power voltage node and an output node, capacitors connected between intermediate nodes and ground. The switching elements being operated by successively activated control signals to effectively charge a bit line pair to one half a power voltage using charge sharing between the capacitors. |
| US08194479B2 |
Semiconductor memory device having a skew signal generator for adjusting a delay interval of internal circuitry
A skew signal generator is provided which comprises a fuse signal generating unit for generating a plurality of fuse signals, and an encoder for generating skew signals including skew information of a wafer by encoding the fuse signals. |
| US08194477B2 |
Subtraction circuits and digital-to-analog converters for semiconductor devices
A memory device that, in certain embodiments, includes a plurality of memory elements connected to a bit-line and a delta-sigma modulator with a digital output and an analog input, which may be connected to the bit-line. In some embodiments, the delta-sigma modulator includes a circuit with first and second inputs and an output. The circuit is configured to combined (add or subtract) input signals. The first input may be connected to the analog input. The delta-sigma modulator may also include an integrator connected to the output of the circuit, an analog-to-digital converter with an input connected to an output of the integrator and an output connected to the digital output, and a digital-to-analog converter with an input connected to the output of the analog-to-digital converter and an output connected to the second input of the circuit. |
| US08194476B2 |
Semiconductor memory device and method for operating the same
A semiconductor memory device includes a voltage detector configured to detect a level of an external power supply voltage and an internal voltage generator configured to generate an internal voltage in response to an active signal and drive an internal voltage terminal with a driving ability corresponding to an output signal of the voltage detector. A method for operating the semiconductor memory device includes detecting a level of an external power supply voltage, based on a first target level, to output a detection signal; and generating an internal voltage in response to an active signal, and driving an internal voltage terminal with a driving ability corresponding to the detection signal. |
| US08194473B2 |
Non-volatile semiconductor memory circuit
A non-volatile semiconductor memory circuit includes a memory cell array, and a verification sense amplifier controller configured to control switching devices, which receive external input data, depending on a level of the input data such that distribution voltage is changed when controlling a write operation by comparing the input data with cell data written in the memory cell array so as to provide cell data. |
| US08194468B2 |
Non-volatile memory cell with BTBT programming
A Non-Volatile Memory (NVM) cell and programming method in which the cell can denote at least two logic levels (e.g., 0 and 1) and includes a read-transistor with a floating gate and a Band-To-Band-Tunneling device (BTBT device) sharing the floating gate with the read transistor.The BTBT device is configured as an injection device for injecting a first charge onto the floating gate when the BTBT device is biased so that it is in accumulation, to set at least one of the logic levels. |
| US08194459B2 |
Random telegraph signal noise reduction scheme for semiconductor memories
Embodiments are provided that include a method including providing a first pulsed gate signal to a selected memory cell, wherein the pulsed gate signal alternates between a first voltage level and a second voltage level during a time period and sensing a data line response to determine data stored on the selected memory of cells. Further embodiments provide a system including a memory device, having a regulator circuit coupled to a plurality of access lines of a NAND memory cell, and a switching circuit configured to sequentially bias at least one of the plurality of the access lines between a first voltage level and a second voltage level based on an input signal. |
| US08194458B2 |
Programming and/or erasing a memory device in response to its program and/or erase history
For one embodiment, a program starting voltage of one or more program pulses applied to one or more memory cells is in response, at least in part, to on a number of program pulses previously required to program the one or more memory cells and/or an erase starting voltage of one or more erase pulses applied to one or more memory cells is based on a number of erase pulses previously required to erase the one or more memory cells. For another embodiment, a program starting voltage level and/or an erase starting voltage level of one or more program and/or erase pulses applied to one or more memory cells is in response, at least in part, to a number of program/erase cycles previously applied to the one or more memory cells. |
| US08194457B2 |
Soft program method and computer readable medium thereof
A soft program method is provided for recovering memory cells of a memory array. In an embodiment, the method includes the following steps. Memory blocks of the memory array are soft programmed with first bias voltage. A selected memory unit within a selected memory block is then soft programmed with second bias voltage. Next, whether a judging criterion is met is determined. If not, the method is repeated from the step of soft programming with the second bias voltage; if so, whether the selected unit is a last memory unit is determined. If the selected unit is not the last memory unit, other memory unit is assigned as the selected memory unit and the method is repeated from the step of soft programming with the second bias voltage. When the selected unit is the last memory unit, the memory array is bit-by-bit soft programmed with a third bias voltage. |
| US08194455B2 |
Methods for programming nonvolatile memory devices
Provided is a method for programming a nonvolatile memory device. The nonvolatile memory device includes a local word line to divide a memory cell string into a first area including a selected word line and a second area not including the selected word line. In the method, word lines of the first area are driven by a first pass voltage and word lines of the second area driven by a second pass voltage higher than the first pass voltage. A cell transistor corresponding to the local word line is turned off after the first pass voltage and the second pass voltage are applied. The selected word line is driven by a program voltage after the cell transistor is turned off. |
| US08194454B2 |
Interleaved memory program and verify method, device and system
An interleaved memory programming and verification method, device and system includes a memory array including first and second memory banks of memory cells. The memory device further includes a controller configured to concurrently program a first data into the first memory bank and a second data into the second memory bank using iterative programming and verification operations in each of the first and second memory banks with the programming and verification operations in the second memory bank being offset from the programming and verification operations in the first memory bank. |
| US08194452B2 |
Nonvolatile memory systems with embedded fast read and write memories
A nonvolatile memory system is described with novel architecture coupling nonvolatile storage memory with random access volatile memory. New commands are included to enhance the read and write performance of the memory system. |
| US08194451B2 |
Memory cells, memory cell arrays, methods of using and methods of making
A semiconductor memory cell and arrays of memory cells are provided In at least one embodiment, a memory cell includes a substrate having a top surface, the substrate having a first conductivity type selected from a p-type conductivity type and an n-type conductivity type; a first region having a second conductivity type selected from the p-type and n-type conductivity types, the second conductivity type being different from the first conductivity type, the first region being formed in the substrate and exposed at the top surface; a second region having the second conductivity type, the second region being formed in the substrate, spaced apart from the first region and exposed at the top surface; a buried layer in the substrate below the first and second regions, spaced apart from the first and second regions and having the second conductivity type; a body region formed between the first and second regions and the buried layer, the body region having the first conductivity type; a gate positioned between the first and second regions and above the top surface; and a nonvolatile memory configured to store data upon transfer from the body region. |
| US08194450B2 |
Methods and control circuitry for programming memory cells
Methods of programming memory cells and control circuitry for memory arrays facilitate a reduction of program disturb. A memory cell is shifted from a first data state to a second data state if it is desired to alter a first digit of a data value of the memory cell. If it is desired to alter a second digit of the data value of the memory cell, the memory cell is shifted to a third data state if the memory cell is in the first data state and shifted to a fourth data state if the memory cell is in the second data state. The first, second, third and fourth data states correspond to respective non-overlapping ranges of threshold voltages. The threshold voltages corresponding to the fourth data state are greater than the threshold voltages corresponding to the third data state. |
| US08194444B2 |
Spin-transfer torque memory self-reference read method
Self-reference reading a magnetic tunnel junction data cell methods are disclosed. An illustrative method includes applying a read voltage across a magnetic tunnel junction data cell and forming a read current. The magnetic tunnel junction data cell has a first resistance state. The read voltage is sufficient to switch the magnetic tunnel junction data cell resistance. The method includes detecting the read current and determining if the read current remains constant during the applying step. If the read current remains constant during the applying step, then the first resistance state of the magnetic tunnel junction data cell is the resistance state that the read voltage was sufficient to switch the magnetic tunnel junction data cell to. |
| US08194440B2 |
Phase change memory device having multiple reset signals and operating method thereof
A phase change memory device includes a cell array unit having a phase change resistance cell positioned at an intersection of a word line and a bit line. A write driving unit is configured to generate a single write voltage to the cell array unit when data to be written is a first data and is configured to generate a plurality of write voltages selectively when the data is a second data. |
| US08194438B2 |
nvSRAM having variable magnetic resistors
Non-volatile static random access memory (nvSRAM) that has a six transistor static random access memory (6T SRAM) cell electrically connected to a non-volatile random access memory (nvRAM) cell. The nvRAM cell has first and second variable magnetic resistors and first, second and third transistors. |
| US08194436B2 |
Magnetic random access memory, write method therefor, and magnetoresistance effect element
A magnetic random access memory includes: a first ferromagnetic layer; an insulating layer provided adjacent to the first ferromagnetic layer; and a first magnetization pinned layer provided adjacent to the insulating layer on a side opposite to the first ferromagnetic layer. The first ferromagnetic layer includes a magnetization free region, a first magnetization pinned region, and a second magnetization pinned region. The magnetization free region has reversible magnetization, and overlaps with the second ferromagnetic layer. The first magnetization pinned region has first pinned magnetization, and is connected to a part of the magnetization free region. The second magnetization pinned region has second pinned magnetization, and is connected to a part of the magnetization free region. The first ferromagnetic layer has magnetic anisotropy in a direction perpendicular to a film surface. The first pinned magnetization and the second pinned magnetization are pinned antiparallel to each other in the direction perpendicular to the film surface. |
| US08194429B2 |
Inverter comprising normally conductive gate-controlled semiconductor switches
An inverter has two input lines; an inverter bridge connected between the input lines and including at least one half-bridge having two normally conductive gate-controlled semiconductor switches; a controller which supplies control voltages to the gates of the semiconductor switches in an operative state of the inverter; and a DC voltage source for supplying an auxiliary control voltage to the gates of the semiconductor switches in an inoperative state of the inverter so as to hold the inverter bridge in a non-conductive state between the input lines. The DC voltage source has a charging unit connected between the input lines in series with a further normally conductive gate-controlled semiconductor switch, and charging a storage unit for electric charge, which is connected to the gate of the further semiconductor switch such that this switch becomes non-conductive, when the storage unit has been sufficiently charged for providing the auxiliary control voltage. |
| US08194428B2 |
Unified control of single and three-phase power converters
Provided herein is are unified control methods and implementations for controlling single and three-phase power converters. In an exemplary embodiment, a unified controller is provided that can be used to control a three-phase three-wire Voltage Source Inverter (VSI), a three-phase four-wire VSI, a three-phase grid-connected power converter for current shaping, and a single-phase full bridge VSI. |
| US08194423B2 |
Method and apparatus to reduce audio frequencies in a switching power supply
An example controller for use in a power supply regulator includes a switch signal generator, a modulation circuit, and a multi-cycle modulator circuit. The modulation circuit modulates the duty cycle of a pulse width modulated switching signal to provide a fixed peak switching current in the switch during light load conditions and a variable peak switching current during load conditions other than the light load condition. The multi-cycle modulator circuit enables the switch signal generator to provide a switch signal uninterrupted if the load condition is other than the light load condition and disables the switch signal generator for a first time period and then enables the switch signal generator for a second time period when the load condition is the light load condition. The multi-cycle modulator circuit adjusts the first time period in response to the feedback signal to regulate the output. |
| US08194420B2 |
Method for controlling a switching regulator and related switching regulator
An embodiment of a power-supply controller comprises a switching-control circuit, an error amplifier, and a signal generator. The switching-control circuit is operable to control a switch coupled to a primary winding of a transformer, and the error amplifier has a first input node operable to receive a feedback signal, a second input node operable to receive a comparison signal, and an output node operable to provide a control signal to the switching-control circuit. The signal generator is operable to generate either the feedback signal or the comparison signal in response to a compensation signal that is isolated from a secondary winding of the transformer and that is proportional to a load current through a conductor disposed between the secondary winding and a load. |
| US08194418B2 |
Frequency-hopping control method and module, and DC/DC converter
A frequency-hopping control method is performed by a frequency-hopping control module that generates a driving signal for driving a voltage converting circuit to generate an output voltage. The method includes, generating a control signal according to a regulating signal inversely proportional to the output voltage of the voltage converting circuit. The control signal is cyclical, and each cycle of which includes an off-time having a variable duration with an inverse relation to magnitude of the regulating signal, and an on-time having a substantially fixed duration. The driving signal is generated according to the control signal and a periodic pulse signal. Therefore, the output voltage can be stabilized, and the voltage converting circuit can perform voltage conversion with reduced power loss and improved voltage conversion efficiency. |
| US08194417B2 |
Two-stage switching power supply
A two-stage switching power supply includes a first-stage power circuit, a second-stage power circuit, an output detecting circuit and a power control unit. The first-stage power circuit includes a first switching circuit. By conducting or shutting off the first switching circuit, an input voltage is converted into a bus voltage. The second-stage power circuit includes a second switching circuit. By conducting or shutting off the second switching circuit, the bus voltage is converted into an output voltage. The output detecting circuit generates an output detecting signal according to the output voltage. The power control unit controls operations of the first and second switching circuits according to the output detecting signal. A first-stage voltage gain value of the first-stage power circuit and a second-stage voltage gain value of the second-stage power circuit are altered with the output detecting signal, so that the output voltage is maintained at a rated value. |
| US08194416B2 |
Multilayer printed circuit board having electromagnetic wave reduction member
Disclosed is a multilayer printed circuit board. The multilayer printed circuit board includes a power source surface to provide power to each component disposed on the power source surface, a ground surface having a reference voltage, a strip line which passes through the power source surface and/or the ground surface so as to transmit signals between components, an antenna installed in proximity to a sectional region of the power source surface and the ground surface, and an electromagnetic wave reduction member which is provided between the power source surface and the ground surface to effectively reduce an electromagnetic wave generated from the strip line. |
| US08194408B2 |
Sliding sleeve USB
An electronic device having a USB connector is provided comprising a partial outer sleeve reaching short of the USB connector and securely holding thereof and a shorter inner sleeve extending little over the USB connector and partially housed in the outer sleeve in a sliding relationship. The USB connector is connected to functional circuit on at least one printed circuit board. A short piece of adaptor bracket permits the selected printed circuit board fastened in a uniform profile to the containing space of the outer sleeve so that a determined size of outer sleeve may hold a variety of printed circuit boards in a constantly acceptable tolerance. |
| US08194407B2 |
Heat radiation material, electronic device and method of manufacturing electronic device
The electronic device includes a heat generator 54, a heat radiator 58, and a heat radiation material 56 disposed between the heat generator 54 and the heat radiator 58 and including a plurality of linear structures 12 of carbon atoms and a filling layer 14 formed of a thermoplastic resin and disposed between the plurality of linear structures 12. |
| US08194406B2 |
Apparatus and method with forced coolant vapor movement for facilitating two-phase cooling of an electronic device
Apparatus and method are provided for two-phase dielectric cooling of an electronic device. The apparatus includes a coolant flow path, a vapor condenser and one or more vapor fans. The coolant flow path is in fluid communication with the electronic device, where liquid dielectric coolant within the flow path vaporizes upon contacting the electronic device, forming dielectric coolant vapor, and thereby facilitating cooling of the electronic device. The vapor condenser is also in fluid communication with the coolant flow path and facilitates condensate formation from the dielectric coolant vapor. The one or more vapor fans are disposed within the flow path to actively move dielectric coolant vapor into contact with the vapor condenser, and thereby enhance cooling of the electronic device by facilitating coolant condensate formation and thus recirculation of the coolant condensate as liquid dielectric coolant. |
| US08194404B2 |
Hard disk drive frame
An HDD frame is used to fix several HDDs and several HDD cables. The HDD frame includes an HDD cage, a latch and an HDD cable bracket. The HDD cage includes three cage boards. Two of the cage boards are disposed at two ends of the other cage board. The latch includes a protrusion. The HDD cable bracket includes a baseboard and a sideboard, which are perpendicular to each other. The baseboard includes a first long edge and a second long edge. The sideboard is disposed at the second long edge. One end of the latch is fixed on the end of the sideboard to make the protrusion protrude through the sideboard hole of the sideboard. After the long edges of the HDD cable bracket are inserted into tracks on the HDD cage, the protrusion protrudes into the cage hole of the HDD cage. |
| US08194399B2 |
Altering the flexibility of a display device
Disclosed embodiments relate to altering the flexibility of a display device. A method for altering the flexibility of a display device may include sending a signal, by a circuit, to alter the temperature of a first section of a display device comprising the first section and a second section. The flexibility of the first section may be changed in response to the temperature alteration of the first section. The method may further include sending a signal, by the circuit, to alter the temperature of the second section of the display device. In one embodiment, the flexibility of the second section is changed in response to the temperature alteration of the second section. |
| US08194387B2 |
Electrostrictive resonance suppression for tunable capacitors
A multi-layered capacitor includes three or more capacitor layers. A first layer includes a first DC-biased, tunable capacitor. A second layer, acoustically coupled to the first layer, includes a second DC-biased, tunable capacitor. A third layer, acoustically coupled to the second layer, includes a third DC-biased, tunable capacitor. Each dielectric of the first, second, and third capacitors has a resonance of about the same frequency, within 5%, and inner electrodes of the first, second, and third capacitors have a resonance of about the same frequency, within 5%. The resonance of each layer is a function of at least thickness, density, and material. The first, second, and third layers are biased to generate destructive acoustic interference, and the multi-layer capacitor is operable at frequencies greater than 0.1 GHz. |
| US08194385B1 |
Precision alignment system
A precision alignment system for the alignment of modular frames of an electronic sign including a plurality of precision alignment mechanisms which are mounted to the outer panels of the modular frames and an alignment fixture having a plurality of configurable jig towers. The configurable jig towers include moveable components which are used to precisionally align the outer contact surfaces of contact blocks in the precision alignment mechanisms for subsequent intimate contact between other like outer contact surfaces of contact blocks in the precision alignment mechanisms of horizontally and vertically adjacent modular frames. |
| US08194379B2 |
Inrush current control system with soft start circuit and method
A method of and system for controlling the inrush current generated in a MOSFET of an inrush current control system, wherein the MOSFET includes a source, gate and drain. The dV/dt at the drain of the MOSFET is controlled so as to set the inrush current level as a function of dV/dt, independent of current limit without requiring a separate capacitor connected between the gate and drain of the MOSFET so that the MOSFET can turn on and off more quickly. |
| US08194378B2 |
Line commutation type fault current limiter
A line commutation type fault current limiter which can reduce manufacturing and maintenance costs, carry out line commutation by operating a cutoff switch by fault current energy, respond rapidly to a fault, be immediately restored to an original state, and perform either an active or a passive operation. The line commutation type fault current limiter includes a coupled inductor having a primary side connected to a main circuit and a secondary side matched with the primary side, a Zener diode switch electrically connected to the secondary side of the coupled inductor, a line commutation switch connected to the Zener diode switch as well as the primary side of the coupled inductor to form a bypass path in parallel with the primary side of the coupled inductor and to cut off the main circuit, when the Zener diode switch is turned on, and a current limiting unit electrically connected in parallel with the line commutation switch to limit a current flowing into the main circuit. |
| US08194376B2 |
Energy storage discharge circuitry
Storage device discharge means and methods are provided. Printer circuitry detects one or more anomalous operating conditions and asserts a switch, shunting storage capacitors to ground potential through a resistive load. Discharge of the storage capacitors protects inkjet firing resistors against damage that could otherwise result from the uncontrolled application of stored electrical energy. |
| US08194374B2 |
Differential element with harmonic blocking and harmonic restraint operating in parallel
An intelligent electronic device (IED) provides harmonic blocking and harmonic restraint differential protection operating in parallel. The IED includes a harmonically-blocked differential element supervised by one or more even harmonics of a raw operating current (a current comprising the fundamental operating current and the harmonics thereof). The IED also includes a parallel, harmonically-restrained differential element, which is restrained by harmonics of the raw operating current. Tripping signals output by the parallel harmonically-blocked differential element and the harmonically-restrained differential element may be selectively combined into a single tripping signal output. An additional harmonic blocking element may supervise both differential elements and/or the combined tripping signal. The additional harmonic blocking element may provide odd-harmonic blocking, such as harmonic blocking based on a fifth harmonic of the raw operating current. |
| US08194372B1 |
Systems and methods for electrostatic discharge protection
A system for protecting an integrated circuit (IC) from electrostatic discharge (ESD) events includes a sensing circuit that detects an occurrence of an ESD event on one of a plurality of power supply rails of the IC and, in response, outputs an alert signal identifying the occurrence of the ESD event. The system includes a driver circuit that, responsive to receiving the alert signal, outputs an enable signal, and a cascaded switch. The cascaded switch includes first and second gates disposed upon a channel located between a drain of the cascaded switch coupled to a first power supply rail and a source of the cascaded switch coupled to a second power supply rail. Each of the two gates receives the enable signal and, responsive to the enable signal, the cascaded switch closes to establish a coupling between the first power supply rail and the second power supply rail. |
| US08194371B2 |
Integrated circuit protection device
A semiconductor device is provided. In an embodiment, the semiconductor device includes an inverter. The inverter is coupled to an NMOS device. The NMOS device may be protection device which protects the inverter from charging effects and/or plasma induced damage. The NMOS device may be coupled to a power source (e.g., Vss). The NMOS device may be further coupled to a capacitor. The charge of the capacitor may discharge a current through the NMOS device to the power source. |
| US08194370B2 |
Electrostatic discharge protection circuit and device
An electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection circuit is provided. The ESD protection circuit includes a first rail, a second rail, a first transistor and a resistance unit. The drain of the first transistor is electrically coupled to the first rail, and the source and gate of the first transistor are electrically coupled to the second rail. The resistance unit is electrically coupled between a body of the first transistor and the second rail. When ESD occurs, the resistance unit provides a resistance between the body of the first transistor and the second rail. An ESD protection device is also provided. |
| US08194368B2 |
Protective electrical wiring device with a center nightlight
The present invention is directed to an electrical wiring device that includes a cover assembly is coupled to the housing. The cover assembly includes at least one set of receptacle openings disposed on either side of a central portion of the cover assembly in communication with a portion of the plurality of receptacle terminals. A fault detection circuit is configured to provide a fault detection output in response to detecting a fault condition. A circuit interrupter is coupled between the plurality of line terminals and the plurality of load terminals. A light assembly is coupled to the plurality of line terminals or the plurality of load terminals. The light assembly has a light transmission region disposed in the central portion and occupying a substantial portion of a width of the cover assembly. The light assembly is selectively driven from a deenergized state to a light emitting state in response to a predetermined stimulus. |
| US08194360B2 |
Domain control in bottom shield of MR sensor
A shield for a read element of a magnetic recording head includes a first domain with boundaries remote from the read element and stabilized with a patterned bias element. The patterned bias element comprises a topographical pattern of grooves formed on the shield substrate. |
| US08194357B2 |
Hard disk drive
A hard disk drive (HDD) includes a base including a voice coil motor (VCM) which drives an actuator, a cover combined with an upper surface of the base, and a magnetic leakage flux reducer adjacent to the VCM to reduce a magnetic leakage flux leaked from the VCM. Therefore, the HDD includes a simple structure to be made light and reduces the magnetic leakage flux which affects the VCM. |
| US08194356B2 |
Head-stack assembly including heat-dissipation and impedance-matching structure and hard-disk drive using the head-stack assembly
A head-stack assembly. The head-stack assembly includes: a magnetic-recording head; a lead-suspension supporting the magnetic-recording head on an actuator arm; a metal plate coupled with the actuator arm; a resin layer disposed on the metal plate; a flexible-printed-circuit board disposed on the resin layer, and substantially perpendicularly connected to the lead-suspension; a arm-electronics module disposed on the flexible-printed-circuit board configured to shape a write-signal current waveform of a write signal to said magnetic-recording head; transmission lines disposed on the flexible-printed-circuit board configured to transmit the write signal to, and a read-back signal from, the lead-suspension; and, a single intermediate conductor layer that is disposed between the resin layer and the flexible-printed-circuit board, and having a planar shape substantially facing a bottom of the arm-electronics module and a bottom of the transmission lines. |
| US08194354B1 |
Suspension assembly including a flexure tail with staggered rows of apertures
A novel suspension assembly includes a flexure tail with a first plurality of apertures in its structural layer. Each of the first plurality of apertures underlies a first trace but not a second trace. Each of a second plurality of apertures in the structural layer underlies a second trace but not the first trace. Each of the first plurality of apertures includes a corresponding region of maximum width, and each of the second plurality of apertures includes a corresponding region of maximum width, as measured in the width direction. None of the corresponding regions of maximum width of the first plurality of apertures is disposed in an overlapping position along the long axis as any of the corresponding regions of maximum width of the second plurality of apertures. |
| US08194353B2 |
Suspension board with circuit
A suspension board with circuit includes a conductive pattern, a board main body portion, an auxiliary portion folded back with respect to the board main body portion, a slider disposed on a side of the suspension board with circuit which is closer to the board main body portion, and mounting thereon a magnetic head, and a light emitting element disposed on a side of the suspension board with circuit which is closer to the auxiliary portion. The conductive pattern includes a first conductive pattern including first and second terminals connected to an external circuit and the magnetic head, and second conductive pattern including third and fourth terminals connected to the external circuit and light emitting element. Both of the first and second terminal are disposed on the board main body portion. The third and fourth terminals are disposed on the board main body portion and on the auxiliary portion respectively. |
| US08194350B2 |
Head, head suspension assembly, and disk drive provided with the same
According to an embodiment, a head includes a slider and a head portion on the slider. A facing surface of the slider includes a negative-pressure cavity defined by a recess in the facing surface, a leading step portion on an upstream side of the negative-pressure cavity, a pair of side portions extending in a first direction from the leading step portion, a trailing step portion on an outflow side of the negative-pressure cavity, a pair of skirt portions extending in the first direction from the side portions toward the outflow end of the slider, and an enclosure step portion continuously arranged along an outflow end edge and opposite side edges of the facing surface from the trailing step portion to opposite sides of the skirt portions and outsides of the side portions and formed deeper than the skirt portions and shallower than the negative-pressure cavity. |
| US08194348B2 |
Sealed laminated electrical connector for helium filled disk drive
A novel disk drive includes a hermetically sealed helium-filled enclosure that has an opening extending through the disk drive base. A laminated electrical connector is disposed inside the enclosure, spans the opening, and is accessible from outside the disk drive base via the opening. The laminated electrical connector has an adhesive layer that is adhered to the disk drive base continuously around the opening, and that has a hole therethrough that is aligned with the opening. The laminated electrical connector includes electrically conductive traces that are electrically connected to the actuator flex cable, and a first insulative layer that is disposed on the trace layer. The laminated electrical connector has a metal foil sealing layer that continuously spans and completely covers the opening, and that has no holes therethrough that are aligned with the opening. The metal foil sealing layer overlaps the adhesive layer continuously around the opening. |
| US08194343B1 |
Calibrating servos
Systems, methods, and apparatuses, including computer program products, are described for, in at least one implementation, determining a measured slope of a spiral, calibrating radial spacing between servo tracks according to a relationship between a target slope and the measured slope, wherein an amount of calibration for the radial spacing varies directly with the relationship between the target slope and the measured slope, and generating servo tracks according to the calibrated radial spacing. |
| US08194340B1 |
Disk drive framing write data with in-line mapping data during write operations
A disk drive is disclosed comprising a head actuated over a disk having a plurality of tracks, wherein each track comprises a plurality of data sectors each assigned a physical block address (PBA). A first write command is received identifying a number of logical block addresses (LBAs) and write data. A header identifier is written to a first data sector that identifies a beginning of the first write command. The write data is written to a plurality of the data sectors and after writing the write data, a footer identifier is written to a second data sector that identifies the end of the first write command. The LBAs are written to at least one of the first data sector and the second data sector. |
| US08194337B2 |
Dynamic alternating panel reflector apparatus
Skins for light reflecting umbrellas and for methods of using light reflecting umbrellas. The invention includes skins with a series of panels in stripes of alternating colors, in a shifted configuration, in a checkered shift configuration, in a half and half configuration, in a modified half and half configuration with a center portion having a separate color combination, in a tricolor configuration, in a shifted tricolor configuration and in a center black configuration. |
| US08194336B2 |
Lens driving device
A lens driving device has a carrier, a coil, an upper spring, a lower spring, a yoke, a magnet, and a lower member. The carrier is cylindrical and has a hollow part along a vertical direction so that a lens can be carried. The coil is fixed to an outer peripheral surface of the carrier. The upper spring is arranged over the carrier, and fixed to the yoke. The lower spring is arranged below the carrier. The yoke is formed into a box shape having a side wall and an opening on the lower side, and arranged around the carrier. The magnet is arranged in the yoke so as to be opposed to the coil. The lower member is arranged below the yoke. The lower member has a projection part connected to the yoke. The projection part is inserted between an inner surface of the side wall of the yoke and an outer surface of the magnet and connected to the yoke. Thus, the yoke and the lower member can be connected such that space for the magnet to be arranged in the yoke is less affected. |
| US08194329B2 |
Variable magnification optical system and imaging apparatus
A variable magnification optical system includes first lens group having negative refractive-power, an aperture-stop and second lens group having positive refractive-power, arranged from the object-side. A negative lens having a concave surface facing the image-side is arranged on the most object side of the first lens group, and an aspheric lens having a concave surface facing the object-side and an aspheric surface facing the image-side is arranged on the most image side of the first lens group. A positive lens having a convex surface facing the image-side is arranged, on the object-side of the aspheric lens, immediately before the aspheric lens. The image-side surface of the aspheric lens at the most image side of the first lens group includes a portion having higher positive power on the outside of positions through which outermost rays of an axial beam pass, compared with the vicinity of the optical axis. |
| US08194325B2 |
Optical apparatus and method
An apparatus and a method are provided. The apparatus including: a light expander configured to expand light, input into the light expander, in a first dimension, and configured to provide diverging light that diverges in the first dimension; and an optical device configured to redirect diverging light, received from the light expander, to produce converging light that converges in the first dimension. |
| US08194324B2 |
Fresnel lenses
A solar concentrator comprises a curved linear Fresnel lens (16) which has a plurality of prismatic features (10, 12, 14). The prismatic features are arranged into at least two segments, in each segment the prismatic features have a common apex angle, the common apex angle differing between adjacent segments. A method of manufacturing a mold (2) for producing a Fresnel lens optical film (16) is disclosed. The method comprises rotating a mold blank, and forming a plurality of different prismatic features (10, 12, 14) on the mold blank by repeatedly advancing a cutting tool (4) onto and then withdrawing the tool away from the surface of the mold blank. |
| US08194321B2 |
Photographing lens and camera
A small shooting lens has high optical performance and is suitable for mass production. To attain this, the shooting lens includes at least three lens groups disposed in order from an object side, wherein an adhesion multiple-layer diffractive optical element is formed on one of surfaces disposed between an object surface and an imaging plane, and a maximum image height Y and an entire length L satisfy 0.1 |
| US08194314B2 |
Binoculars
Providing a pair of binoculars that is able to prevent diopter from being changed after adjusting diopter difference by pushing down the focus knob after adjusting diopter difference so as not to touch the operating knob, and able to prevent the focus position from being changed after adjusting focus position by pulling out the focus knob to create a focus lock state after adjusting focus position. |
| US08194312B2 |
Optics changer
The invention relates to an optics changer for arranging an optical element in a target position in a changer chamber of an optical device accessible from the outside via a insertion channel, including a base frame and the optical element that is pivotally fastened to the base frame via a swivel mechanism, wherein the swivel mechanism effects a pivoting movement of the optical element when the optics changer is inserted through the insertion channel in the changer chamber starting at a predetermined insertion depth such that after inserting, the optical element is placed and pivoted in the target position. |
| US08194307B2 |
Tunable acoustic gradient index of refraction lens and system
A tunable acoustic gradient index of refraction (TAG) lens and system are provided that permit, in one aspect, dynamic selection of the lens output, including dynamic focusing and imaging. The system may include a TAG lens and at least one of a source and a detector of electromagnetic radiation. A controller may be provided in electrical communication with the lens and at least one of the source and detector and may be configured to provide a driving signal to control the index of refraction and to provide a synchronizing signal to time at least one of the source and the detector relative to the driving signal. Thus, the controller is able to specify that the source irradiates the lens (or detector detects the lens output) when a desired refractive index distribution is present within the lens, e.g. when a desired lens output is present. |
| US08194305B2 |
Package for micromirror device
The present invention discloses a mirror device that includes a mirror element which further comprising an elastic hinge and a mirror and which modulates incident light emitted from a light source, a device substrate on which a drive circuit for driving the mirror element is placed, a package substrate which is made of transparent glass or a silicon material and on which the device substrate is placed, a metallic thermal transfer path connected to the device substrate, and a cover glass connected to the package substrate so that the device substrate is covered. |
| US08194304B2 |
Display device and electric apparatus using the same
In a display device including: an upper space (display space) 13 provided on a display surface side; and a colored liquid 21 that is sealed inside the upper space 13 so as to be operable and is colored in a predetermined color, which is structured so as to be able to change a display color on the display surface side according to application of an electric field to the colored liquid 21, the colored liquid 21 contains a conductive liquid as a dispersion medium and a pigment of a self-dispersing type as a coloring agent. Thereby, the display device that can improve display quality and have high durability that enables to maintain an excellent displaying function over a long period of time, and the electric apparatus using the display device can be provided. |
| US08194299B2 |
Image forming apparatus and image quality adjustment method of image forming apparatus
A reading section outputs density information of a gradation pattern image of a recording member. A gradation correction characteristic generation section generates a first gradation correction characteristic f(x). At first image quality adjustment, a detection section detects densities of patch pattern images on an image carrier, and the gradation correction characteristic generation section generates a second gradation correction characteristic g(x). At normal image quality adjustment, the detection section detects densities of patch pattern images on the image carrier, and the gradation correction characteristic generation section generates a second gradation correction characteristic g′(x). A calculation section calculates a difference gradation correction characteristic g″(x) between the gradation correction characteristic g(x) and the second gradation correction characteristic g′(x). An image quality maintaining control section multiplies the difference gradation correction characteristic g″(x) by the first gradation correction characteristic f(x), and adjusts an image quality of an image formed on the recording member. |
| US08194292B2 |
Imaging apparatus having an LCD document glass
An imaging apparatus includes an image capturing system, and a controller communicatively coupled to the image capturing system. A scanner body has a scanner opening. The image capturing system is located adjacent the scanner opening. An LCD document glass is adjacent to the scanner opening. The LCD document glass is communicatively coupled to the controller. The LCD document glass is controlled to be in a transparent state wherein the LCD document glass is clear and a translucent state wherein the LCD document glass is darkened. |
| US08194290B2 |
Image compensation method with correctional gray level values of complete black and/or white
An image compensating method. First, multiple scanning lines are used to scan a document and a longitudinal black and white pattern, in order to produce the actual gray level value for multiple pixels with respect to each of the scanning lines and the document, as well as a correctional gray level value for complete black and a correctional gray level value for complete white with respect to the longitudinal black and white pattern. Then, the compensational gray level value with respect to the actual gray level value for each of the pixels is obtained according to the correctional gray level value for complete black, the correctional gray level value for complete white, the theoretical gray level value for complete black, the theoretical gray level value for complete white, and the actual gray level value for each of the pixels. Then, the procedure is complete. |
| US08194287B2 |
Apparatus and method to revise halftoned image and image forming apparatus using the same
An apparatus and a method to revise a halftoned image and an image forming apparatus using the same. The apparatus includes an area dividing unit to detect a boundary edge area of an image, a halftoning unit to convert the image to a halftoned image, and a dot rearranging unit to rearrange dots of the boundary area to sharpen the boundary area. |
| US08194286B2 |
Image forming apparatus and image forming method capable of revising gray image
An apparatus includes a gray converter to convert an inputted color image to be printed into a gray conversion image and to outputs the gray conversion image a difference calculator to calculate a at least one difference value between a at least one color channel image with respect to the color image and the gray conversion image; and a gray reviser to revise the gray conversion image based on the at least one difference value and to output a gray conversion image. |
| US08194284B2 |
Image forming apparatus and method of control based on color chrominance data
An image forming apparatus and a method of controlling the same in which input image data is divided into blocks and color chrominance data of each block is analyzed thereby perform a print job by automatically detecting whether an image should be print in color or pure black. |
| US08194283B2 |
Print imaging system
A printing machine includes a high-speed print device configured to receive a print media and discharge a printed product that includes a printed image. An image capturing device is positioned adjacent the print device and is configured to capture an image of the printed image on the printed product. A computer includes a monitor, a processor, an input device, and a communication device configured to communicate with the print device. The monitor is configured to display the captured image, the input device is configured to allow a user to vary the displayed image, and the processor is configured to calculate an adjustment to the print device in response to the varied image. |
| US08194272B2 |
Printing device, printing system, and computer program product
When a printing device is in a state in which a printing process of a print job including at least one print data and a series of process commands from a host apparatus cannot be executed, a printing processing unit transfers a printing right corresponding to the print job that is left unprinted to other printing device. When the printing device is in a state in which the printing process can be executed and if the printing right corresponding to the print job that is left unprinted is transferred to the printing device from the other printing device, the printing processing unit executes the printing process. |
| US08194271B2 |
Apparatus and method for gradation drawing based on 1-line image
An image processing apparatus which generates intermediate codes by dividing a drawing image into prescribed bands extending in one direction, develops the intermediate codes into a bit image is provided with an expanded image judging unit which judges whether an image to be drawn is an expanded image of a 1-line source image; an image expansion direction judging unit which judges whether an expansion direction of the expanded image is parallel with the band extending direction when the expanded image judging unit judges that the image is the expanded image of the 1-line source image; a drawing data processing unit which converts the expanded image of the 1-line source image into vectors which are a series of rectangular regions of same-color pixels that are arranged continuously when the image expansion direction judging unit judges that the expansion direction of the expanded image is parallel with the band extending direction. |
| US08194269B2 |
Image forming method and system using XHTML-print data
An image forming method using hypertext markup language (XHTML)-print data, including receiving registration information about an image forming apparatus from the image forming apparatus, generating XHTML-Print data from print data using the registration information of the information forming apparatus, transmitting the XHTML-Print data to the image forming apparatus, and printing the XHTML-Print data. |
| US08194267B2 |
Image forming apparatus and method of the same
When a sheet P is jammed after start of a print job, it is determined whether an automatic resumption mode for automatically resuming the print job is set. When a determination result of this determination is affirmative, the print job is resumed after the jam is released. When the determination result is negative, the print job is stopped. |
| US08194265B2 |
Method of authenticating content provided to image forming apparatus and image forming apparatus to perform the method
A method of authenticating at least one piece of content provided to an image forming apparatus in which at least one consumable is disposed includes determining whether the at least one consumable includes authentication information of the at least one piece of content, displaying the at least one piece of content on a user interface according to a license policy corresponding to the authentication information, selecting at least one piece of content from the at least one piece of content displayed on the user interface, and executing the selected at least one piece of content. |
| US08194258B2 |
Processing print jobs
Methods for processing print jobs include flagging, or not, to-be-printed objects having PDL-specified math or logic functions requiring hard processing operations, such as two or more inputs. The math or logic functions preferably reside in ink attributes of display list objects corresponding to the to-be-printed objects. To-be-printed pages of the print job become divided into bands. Bands with to-be-printed objects therein have band display lists constructed in the event the to-be-printed objects become flagged. On a band-by-band basis, if bands have band display lists flagged with hard processing operations, contone bands become constructed. The contone bands result from color information blending between overlapping pixels of to-be-printed objects or an object and a contone page. A contone page includes color information of the to-be-printed page in a first color space. To-be-printed objects are rendered in a second color space in device specific page(s) of memory. |
| US08194251B2 |
Method for operating a dual beam chromatic point sensor system for simultaneously measuring two surface regions
A system and method provide a dual beam chromatic point sensor (CPS) system operable to simultaneously measure two surface regions. In one embodiment, a single beam CPS optical pen may have a dual beam assembly attached. First and second measurement beams of the system may be positioned on respective first and second surface regions, and both reflect light through a confocal aperture of the dual beam CPS. At least one set of measurements is determined, comprising a first and second measurement arising from the first and second measurement beams, respectively. At least the first surface region may be moved to acquire sets of measurements at various positions. Each measurement may be determined with extremely fine resolution (e.g., at least as fine as 10 nm). The system and method satisfy applications that require such resolution and accuracy without the use of an interferometer or other costly and complex elements. |
| US08194250B2 |
Wideband RF detection
The present invention relates to a method of wideband RF detection. The method may include transmitting a signal from a plurality of transmit positions along a drive path. Reflections of the transmitted signal are received at a plurality of receive positions along the drive path. A signature is formed based on arrival angles of the reflections at each of the receive positions. The signature includes the arrival angles of the reflections at each of the receive positions with respect to a distance along the drive path of a corresponding transmit position and a corresponding receive position of each of the reflections. |
| US08194249B2 |
Gas analyzer
A gas analyzer is disclosed herein. The gas analyzer includes a light source for transmitting a radiation and a sampling chamber having a first opening for receiving a gas sample, a second opening for removing the gas sample, at least one optical window towards the radiation allowing the radiation to traverse the gas sample and also having a first wall and a second wall opposite to the first wall, the first wall and second wall edging the sampling chamber to guide the gas sample from the first opening to the second opening. The gas analyzer also includes at least one detector for receiving the radiation after traversing the gas sample. The first wall and the second wall of the sampling chamber is curved and at a predetermined distance from each other, an overall shape of the second wall being mostly similar to the first wall. |
| US08194245B2 |
Method for on-line measurement in simulated moving bed units and application to control and regulation of said units
The present invention describes a method for measuring the concentrations of species present at one point of a separation unit functioning in simulated moving bed mode (SMB), using an immersing probe located at one point in the unit or on one of the streams entering or leaving said unit, and a thermocouple located in the vicinity of the immersing probe, in which a Raman spectrum obtained using a laser source functioning at a wavelength of 785 nm is utilized. |
| US08194240B1 |
Enhanced focusing capability on a sample using a spot matrix
A plurality of spots forming an M×N matrix can be used in a focus system. Specifically, a plurality of identical spots can be simultaneously projected onto the sample. A V(z) curve can be generated for each spot. A robust focus can be determined based on the generated V(z) curves. Using the spot matrix significantly increases the probability that at least one of the plurality of spots in the matrix can provide an unambiguous V(z) curve. Thus, the spot matrix eliminates the need to search for an appropriate site because the spot matrix increases the probability of landing on a “good” location by a factor of M×N. |
| US08194238B1 |
Optical sensor component identification and interrogation system
A system includes a microprocessor, storage device, test instrument, switching system, main switching system with subsidiary, switching systems and the sensors. The program that is executed by the microprocessor accesses the database stored on the storage device. The microprocessor accesses information in the database and directs the switching system to select the appropriate sensor. Once the switching system has selected the appropriate sensor, the microprocessor then tells the test instrument to send a signal to the sensor. The test instrument sends the signal and collects the measured data. The measured data is then sent to the microprocessor, where the measured data is analyzed and compared with the baseline data. The comparison between the measured data and the baseline data reveals any anomalies that are occurring over the length of the sensor. The microprocessor displays the anomalies and keys an alarm when the anomalies are detected. |
| US08194233B2 |
Method and system to reduce stray light reflection error in time-of-flight sensor arrays
Haze-type phase shift error due to stray light reflections in a phase-type TOF system is reduced by providing a windowed opaque coating on the sensor array surface, the windows permitting optical energy to reach light sensitive regions of the pixels, and by reducing optical path stray reflection. Further haze-type error reduction is obtained by acquiring values for a plurality (but not necessarily all) of pixel sensors in the TOF system pixel sensor array. Next, a correction term for the value (differential or other) acquired for each pixel in the plurality of pixel sensors is computed and stored. Modeling response may be made dependent upon pixel (row, column) location within the sensor array. During actual TOF system runtime operation, detection data for each pixel, or pixel groups (super pixels) is corrected using the stored data. Good optical system design accounts for correction, enabling a simple correction model. |
| US08194229B2 |
Dynamic fluid control system for immersion lithography
An apparatus includes a stage that supports a substrate, an optical system having a last optical element, that projects an image onto the substrate that is positioned spaced apart from the last optical element by a gap at least partly filled with an immersion liquid, and a pressure control system having an actuator, that controls pressure of the immersion liquid in the gap using the actuator. |
| US08194228B2 |
Liquid crystal lens in which a voltage imparts optimal first-stage optical properties to the liquid crystal lens by influencing a liquid crystal layer
The focal distance can be greatly changed by performing an electrical control in an optical element. The optical element comprises a first substrate having a first electrode, a second substrate, a second electrode arranged outside the second substrate, and a liquid crystal layer provided between the first substrate and the second substrate and constituted by liquid crystal molecules oriented. A first voltage is applied between the first electrode and the second electrode, thereby controlling the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, whereby the optical element operates. A third electrode is provided on an insulating layer and outside the second electrode. A second voltage independent of the first voltage is applied to the third electrode, thereby changing the optical properties. |
| US08194227B2 |
Method of fabricating a multi-domain vertical alignment (MVA) liquid crystal display
The present invention discloses a super large wide-angle high-speed response liquid crystal display apparatus manufactured by using a photolithographic procedure for three times. The invention adopts a halftone exposure technology to form a gate electrode, a common electrode, a pixel electrode and a contact pad, and then uses the halftone exposure technology to form a silicon (Si) island and a contact hole, and a general exposure technology to form a source electrode, a drain electrode and an orientation control electrode. A passivation layer uses a masking deposition method. A film is formed by using a P-CVD method, or a protective area is formed at a local area by using an ink coating method or spray method, and a TFT array substrate used for the super large wide-angle high-speed response liquid crystal display apparatus manufactured by using a photolithographic procedure for three times can be produced. |
| US08194223B2 |
Display panel, display apparatus having the same, and method thereof
A display panel includes a source-pad portion, a first source fan-out portion and source lines. The source-pad portion has a group of pads to which a driving signal is applied from an external source. The source fan-out portion has output lines that are extended from the group of pads and are formed to have an asymmetric structure. The source lines are extended from the output lines, and pixels of different colors are connected to each of the source lines. Accordingly, a unit pixel portion is formed to be perpendicular to each other and a fan-out portion is formed to have the asymmetric structure, so that a size of a printed circuit board is remarkably decreased. Thus, costs for manufacturing a display apparatus may be decreased. |
| US08194222B2 |
Display device and timepiece
A display device that has a display panel having a front substrate, an image forming unit, and a back substrate rendered together in layers, and a wiring board layered on the back surface of the back substrate. A plurality of input/output pins are formed on the front surface of the back substrate, and a plurality of connection pins that are electrically connected to the input/output pins by respective conductor members are formed on the back surface of the wiring board. |
| US08194220B2 |
In-plane switching mode liquid crystal display device
In an in-plane switching mode liquid crystal display device, a liquid crystal layer is interposed between a first substrate and a second substrate. The first substrate is provided with a first electrode member having a comb-tooth-like portion and a second electrode member so as to generate an electric field between the first electrode member and the second electrode member. Further, a protruded electrode member is provided so as to be branched from at least one of a portion short of a tip end portion and a portion short of a base portion of the comb-tooth-like portion so as to form a branched shape of an L-shaped portion in an integrated planar shape with combination of the protruded electrode member and one of the tip end portion and the base portion. |
| US08194216B2 |
Display substrate and liquid crystal display device having the same
A display substrate includes an insulation substrate, an (n)-th gate line, a data line, first and second source electrodes, first and second drain electrodes, a pixel electrode, a third drain electrode, and a storage line. The first source electrode overlaps a first portion of the (n)-th gate line and is electrically connected to the data line. The first and second drain electrodes overlap a second portion of the (n)-th gate line. The pixel electrode is connected to the first drain electrode. The second source electrode overlaps a first portion of an (n+1)-th gate line, while the third drain electrode overlaps a second portion thereof. The storage line overlaps a portion of each of the pixel electrode and the second and third drain electrodes. The second source electrode is formed by extending the second drain electrode in a direction substantially from the (n)-th gate line towards the (n+1)-th gate line. |
| US08194211B2 |
Transflective liquid crystal display unit
A LCD unit includes a reflective area and a transmissive area in each pixel, which are driven by respective drive electrode assemblies. A first substrate and a second substrate that sandwich therebetween a LC layer include respective shied films in the boundary area between the reflective area and the transmissive area. |
| US08194208B2 |
Backlight module with a heat conductive block
A backlight module includes a bezel having at least one edge, a circuit board, one or more light emitting diodes connected to the circuit board for emitting light. Each light emitting diode has a light axis which is neither parallel nor vertical to the edge of the bezel. The backlight module utilizes a heat conductive block disposed between the bezel and the light emitting diode for transferring heat generated by the light emitting diode to the bezel. |
| US08194201B2 |
Display panel and liquid crystal display including the same
The present invention relates to a display panel and a liquid crystal display including the same. The display panel includes a pixel electrode, which includes a first subpixel electrode, a second subpixel electrode, and a third subpixel electrode insulated from each other, a first thin film transistor connected to the first subpixel electrode, a second thin film transistor connected to the second subpixel electrode, a third thin film transistor connected to the third subpixel electrode, a gate line connected to the first, second, and third thin film transistors, a data line connected to the first, second, and third thin film transistors, and a voltage differentiating member to change voltages of the first, second, and third subpixel electrodes, the voltages of the first, second, and third subpixel electrodes being different from each other. |
| US08194200B2 |
Low cost switching element point inversion driving scheme for liquid crystal displays
Displays using a low cost method to implement switching element point inversion driving schemes while using integrated circuits that are designed to implement switching element row inversion or switching element column driving schemes are described. In one display, a first color dot is on a first side of a control line and a second color dot is on a second side of the control line. A first switching element is coupled to the first control line and the first color dot and a second switching element is coupled to the second color dot and the control line. Thus the control line controls color dots on two different rows or two different columns. |
| US08194195B2 |
Dynamic lighting effect system
Lighting systems, in particular used for SSTV, disco lights, lighting consoles and claviluxes. In order to reduce noise and to increase robustness, the system comprises a light beam source (6) arranged for generating a beam of light, a projection gate (8) arranged for controlling the beam of light, wherein the light beam source (6) is comprised of at least one light emitting diode, and the projection gate (8) comprises at least one liquid crystal (LC) optical element. |
| US08194192B2 |
Projection display
A projection display uses a light modulating device to modulate, in accordance with image data, light radiated from a light source, project the modulated light onto a screen, and display an image. The projection display separates a unit of time configuring the image data into an effective light time when the light modulating device can express the light as an image on the screen and an ineffective light time when the light modulating device cannot express the light as an image on the screen. The projection display increases the power supplied to the light source during the effective light time over the power supplied to the light source during the ineffective light time. |
| US08194186B2 |
Receiver capable of generating audio reference clock
A receiver for use in a system for transmission from a transmitter to a receiver, the receiver includes a first frequency divider for outputting a first signal by dividing a signal with a frequency corresponding to a pixel clock or an integral multiple thereof by a reciprocal of an integral multiple of a first natural number, the integral multiple of the first natural number being greater than or equal to 1; and a cycle control portion for outputting a second signal having first and second cycles included within a cycle of the first signal by controlling a cycle of the pixel clock. |
| US08194184B2 |
Method and apparatus for increasing the frame rate of a video signal
A method and an apparatus are disclosed for increasing the frame rate of an input video signal by interpolating video frames between original video frames of the input video signal and inserting interpolated video frames between original video frames of the input video signal to produce an output video signal having a higher frame rate than the input signal. |
| US08194183B2 |
Imaging device
Provided is an imaging device which simplifies an assembling adjustment so as to reduce the manufacturing time and cost, wherein second lens L2 driven by actuator 30 is brought into contact with first lens L1 and third lens L3 so that a hyper-focal position or an infinite position as a reference focal position, and close-up position are accurately positioned, that is, it is possible to perform assembling without adjustment and effectively reduce the number of manufacturing steps. |
| US08194175B2 |
Image pickup apparatus focusing on an object to be focused in continuous shooting mode
An image pickup apparatus includes an extraction unit configured to extract feature points of an object from picked-up image data, a focus adjustment unit configured to, before starting pickup of an image for recording and/or storage, detect an in-focus position by moving a focus lens in a direction of an optical axis over a scan region which is decided based on the extracted feature points, and to control movement of the focus lens to be matched with the in-focus position, and an operation timing control unit configured to operate the focus adjustment unit and the extraction unit in a synchronous relation (inter-shooting AF(1) and AF(2)) in a continuous shooting mode in which the pickup of an image for recording and/or storage is repeated plural times. |
| US08194173B2 |
Auto-focusing electronic camera that focuses on a characterized portion of an object
An electronic camera includes a menu providing section that provides a focus area selection menu that allows a user to select a focus area, a characterizing portion detecting section that detects a characterizing portion of an object, and an area setting section that sets a focus area based on the characterizing portion detected by the characterizing portion detecting section. The focus area selection menu that is provided by the menu providing section to the user includes, as a selection item, a focus area to be set by the area setting section. |
| US08194170B2 |
Axicon lens array
An optical lens array for imaging and illumination applications is provided. The lens array comprises a first axicon at a first end of the array, a second axicon positioned distally from the first axicon along an optical axis and a third axicon positioned distally from the second axicon along the optical axis. The third axicon provides an objective lens to a focal region or focus region. The third axicon is positioned at a fixed location in the array wherein the distance between the first and second axicons can be altered to control the position of the focal region defined by the depth of field for imaging applications and depth of focus for illumination applications of the third axicon. |
| US08194167B2 |
Imaging apparatus and display control method
An imaging apparatus includes a photographic control device controlling a photographing behavior according to a photographing direction, a switching device switching an imaging apparatus between an active state and a low power state, an optical finder device introducing a subject light into a finder window along a predetermined light path, a transmissive display device, provided on the path, with a display screen switchable between a transmission state transmitting the subject light and a low transmission state, and a display control device controlling the transmittance between the transmission state and the low transmission state. The photographic control device has a photography prohibition device setting in a photography prohibited state not performing the photographing behavior even with the direction, and the display control device has a device putting a predetermined region in the screen into the low transmission state when the photography prohibited state is set in the low power state. |
| US08194164B2 |
Methods for capturing and reading out images from an image sensor
Multiple images are captured where the exposure times for some of the images overlap and the images are spatially overlapped. Charge packets are transferred from one or more portions of pixels after particular integration periods, thereby enabling the portion or portions of pixels to begin another integration period while one or more other portions of pixels continue to integrate charge. Charge packets may be binned during readout of the images from the image sensor. Comparison of two or more images having different lengths of overlapping or non-overlapping exposure periods provides motion information. The multiple images can then be aligned to compensate for motion between the images and assembled into a combined image with an improved signal to noise ratio and reduced motion blur. |
| US08194161B2 |
Photodiode array and signal readout method for the same
An easy and inexpensive signal readout method is provided for a photodiode array consisting of n pieces of photodiodes whose signals are sequentially read out from the first through nth photodiodes. The method includes a canceling process that is performed one or more times before performing a complete readout operation for sequentially reading out signals from all the photodiodes, and the canceling process includes the steps of sequentially reading out signals of a predetermined number of photodiodes starting from the first photodiode to cancel the signals of these photodiodes and then returning to the readout of the signal of the first photodiode. According to this method, it is possible to easily set an appropriate charging time for each photodiode and yet prevent the photodiodes from becoming saturated. |
| US08194159B2 |
System and method for lens shading correction of an image sensor using splines
An image sensing system provides for accurate lens shading correction even when there is significant lens shading asymmetry and non-uniformity. A two-dimensional B-spline technique is used to determine lens shading correction surfaces. The number of zones is selected to achieve accurate correction of center, edge, and corner regions of an image. Separate lens shading correction surfaces are calculated for a set of standard illuminants to permit lens shading correction to be adapted based on the illuminant used to capture the image. |
| US08194158B2 |
Image processor, image processing method, digital camera, and imaging apparatus
An image processor (24) includes an image processing section (04) which performs a blurring process on a given image data. The image processing section (04) is provided with an image data reduction part (04A), a spatial filter processing part (04B), and an image data expansion part (04C). The image data reduction part (04A) reduces the given image data at a predetermined reduction rate to generate a reduced image data. The spatial filter processing part (04B) performs a spatial filter process on the reduced image data reduced by the image data reduction part (04A) to generate a processed image data. An image data expansion part (04C) expands the processed image data processed by the spatial filter processing part (04B) at an expansion rate inverse of the reduction rate. |
| US08194155B2 |
Information processing apparatus, buffer control method, and computer program
An information processing apparatus is provided which includes a buffer for holding image data output line by line from an image pickup device, a write enable generator for generating a write enable signal which indicates a timing by which the image data is written to the buffer line by line, an adder for adding per reference clock a read frequency set value which determines readout frequency of the image data written in the buffer, and a write enable generator for generating a read enable signal which indicates a timing by which the image data written in the buffer is read out line by line based on an added value of the read frequency set values. |
| US08194153B2 |
Imaging apparatus, imaging method and program
In an imaging apparatus capable of selectively performing an imaging operation in normal imaging mode and that in composite imaging mode, auto exposure control is stopped after the auto exposure control for long-time exposure image signals and short-time exposure image signals is temporarily completed in composite imaging mode and if, after the auto exposure control is stopped, a predetermined brightness change in images is detected continuously for a predetermined time or longer based on brightness values detected from the images obtained from a composite image signal, the imaging mode of the imaging apparatus is switched from the composite imaging mode to the normal imaging mode. |
| US08194148B2 |
Image processing device, electronic camera and image processing program
The image processing device of the present invention is provided with an image input section, a position discrepancy detecting section, and an image composition section. The image input section reads a plurality of low resolution images imaging a same object, and at least one high resolution image imaging a same object. The position discrepancy detecting section detects position discrepancy of patterns between respective low resolution images and the high resolution image. The image composition section positions and composes patterns of the plurality of low resolution images based on the position discrepancy. |
| US08194143B2 |
Digital camera apparatus and recording method thereof
A camera apparatus for encoding a video signal received from a photographing means in MPEG video format or equivalent format, encoding an audio signal received from an audio inputting means in MPEG audio format or equivalent format, multiplexing the encoded MPEG video signal and the encoded MPEG audio signal, storing the multiplexed data to a memory means is disclosed, that comprises an I picture generating means for encoding the video signal received from the photographing means corresponding to an intra-frame encoding process so as to generate an I picture in the MPEG video format or equivalent format, and a controlling means for controlling a storing process of the multiplexed data to the memory means, wherein said controlling means generates a P picture or a B picture in the MPEG video format or equivalent format in such a manner that moving vectors of all macro blocks thereof are 0 and the chronologically preceding picture is copied as an encoded picture, wherein said controlling means encodes the audio signal received from the audio inputting means in the MPEG audio format or equivalent format so as to generate MPEG audio data, and wherein said controlling means multiplexes the I picture, the P picture or the B picture, and the MPEG audio data so as to generate the multiplexed data. |
| US08194140B2 |
Image pickup apparatus for performing a desirable self timer shooting and an automatic shooting method using the same
An image pickup apparatus includes a system controller and a face detector, and can register face data of a photographer for a self-timer shooting mode in advance. In the self-timer shooting mode, the face detector extracts face data of people in a subject field from an image signal. When the system controller determines, on the basis of the extracted face data and the registered face data, that the photographer can be detected, the apparatus starts countdown for automatic shooting. Consequently, the apparatus can pick up an image of the photographer without fail, and the photographer can securely strike a pose within the countdown period of time. Furthermore, the apparatus can determine the countdown period of time optionally, thereby enabling the self-timer shooting to be executed depending on the personality of the photographer. |
| US08194131B2 |
Device for capturing the silhouette of an individual
A device for capturing a silhouette consisting of a transparent wall, a vision device to capture at least one image of the wall and a processing unit connected to the vision device which analyses the captured images and detects the silhouette of the individual passing between the transparent wall and the vision device. More than one pattern is positioned on the transparent wall and the patterns exhibit a contrast with the transparent wall. |
| US08194130B2 |
Monitoring camera device, dehumidifying device, dehumidifying method, and dehumidifying program
A surveillance camera (1) comprises a camera housing (2), a dehumidifying element (3) provided in the camera housing (2), a current value detection unit (8) that detects the value of the drive current applied to the dehumidifying element (3), a target current value determination unit (10) that determines a target current value (It), on the basis of a first current value (I0) detected at the period start time (t0) of a predetermined current change judgment period and a second current value (I1) detected at the period end time (t1) of the period, and a voltage control unit (13) that controls the drive voltage applied to the dehumidifying element (3). The dehumidifying element (3) is driven at the target current value (It) until target time (t2) to remove a target dehumidification amount (S) from the camera housing (2) by the target time (t2). There is thus provided the surveillance camera (1) capable of quickly removing moisture when the humidity in the camera housing (2) is high. |
| US08194122B2 |
Universal scope reader
A system for automatically setting video signal processing parameters for an endoscopic video camera system based upon characteristics of an attached endoscope, with reduced EMI and improved inventory tracking, maintenance and quality assurance, and reducing the necessity for adjustment and alignment of the endoscope and camera to achieve the data transfer. |
| US08194115B2 |
Mobile communication terminal and method for converting mode of multiparty video call thereof
A mobile communication terminal having a multiparty video call function and a method for converting a mode of a multiparty video call are disclosed. The terminal includes an input unit that receives a command for selecting one of phone call modes and a controller that displays a menu for selecting a phone call mode on the display, when a request for a video call or video chatting with the third terminal is wirelessly transmitted or received while the mobile communication terminal is performing video call communication or video chatting, and maintains an established call mode or converts the established call mode to a different phone call mode according to a phone call mode selected through the input unit to perform multiparty video call communication. |
| US08194113B2 |
Pulse-modulation-signal generating device, light-source device, and optical scanning device
A high-frequency clock generating circuit generates a plurality of high-frequency clock signals having different phases. A modulation-signal generating circuit generates a pulse modulation signal based on transition timing data including data pertaining to a turn-on timing at which a state of a light source is changed from a turn-off state to a turn-on state and a turn-off timing at which the state of the light source is changed from the turn-on state to the turn-off state by inputting any one of the high-frequency clock signals for a predetermined period including the turn-on timing and the turn-off timing. |
| US08194112B2 |
Line head and image forming apparatus
An image forming apparatus includes a latent image carrier on which a latent image is formed; and a line head. The line head includes light-emitting elements arranged in a first direction; an aperture diaphragm; and an optical system that images light emitted from the light-emitting elements on a latent image carrier. The aperture diaphragm and the optical system are arranged in a second direction that is orthogonal to or substantially orthogonal to the first direction; and among the lenses included in the optical system, a lens located at the position closest to the aperture diaphragm is a multifocal lens. |
| US08194111B2 |
Light-emitting element head, light-emitting element chip, image forming apparatus and signal supply method
The light-emitting element head is provided with: plural light-emitting element chips in each of which light-emitting elements are arrayed in a line; a lighting signal supply unit supplying lighting signals for setting whether or not the light-emitting elements emit light, each of the lighting signals being provided in common to the light-emitting element chips that belong to one of N groups into which the plural light-emitting element chips are divided, where N is an integer of 2 or more; and a clock signal supply unit supplying a first clock signal as a transfer signal for causing the light-emitting elements to sequentially emit light, and second clock signals for setting the light-emitting elements ready to emit light, the second clock signals being different from one another, being supplied to the respective light-emitting element chips belonging to the one of the N groups, and being supplied in common across the N groups. |
| US08194106B2 |
Line head and image forming apparatus using the same
A line head includes multiple light emitting element groups each including multiple light emitting elements. In each light emitting element group, the multiple light emitting elements are disposed in a two-dimensional arrangement so that a distance Gx is greater than a distance Gy. The light emitting element groups are arranged so that pitches Px are greater than pitches Py. |
| US08194101B1 |
Dynamic perspective video window
Systems and methods are disclosed for generating an image for a user based on an image captured by a scene-facing camera or detector. The user's position relative to a component of the system is determined, and the image captured by the scene-facing detector is modified based on the user's position. The resulting image represents the scene as seen from the perspective of the user. The resulting image may be further modified by augmenting the image with additional images, graphics, or other data. |
| US08194099B2 |
Techniques for displaying digital images on a display
A method and apparatus for displaying digital images on a display is provided. A set of items from a sequence of items is displayed. The sequence of items includes one or more undisplayed items that do not belong to the set of items. The set of items are displayed, in an arrangement that includes a plurality of lines, in an order that corresponds to the sequence. In response to user input that selects a particular item from the set of items, it is determined whether the number of lines, in the plurality of lines, that precede the line containing the particular item is less than a first predetermined threshold. If that is the case, a line of undisplayed items that precede the set of items is displayed, while a line of displayed items that follow the particular item is ceased to be displayed. |
| US08194096B2 |
Image display apparatus
An image display apparatus includes a display unit that displays images contained in a plurality of image groups inside a subject picked up by a plurality of imaging devices, and a control unit that extracts a related image related to a currently displayed image currently displayed in the display unit from the plurality of image groups to make the display unit display the related image extracted. |
| US08194090B2 |
Method of controlling frame memory, memory control circuit, and image processing apparatus including the memory control circuit
Various exemplary embodiments provide methods of controlling frame memory, memory control circuits, and image processing apparatuses including the memory control circuits. Data representing values of pixels constituting each of a plurality of frames are received in an order of the frames, and data representing values of pixels constituting a previous frame are read from the frame memory and data representing values of pixels constituting a next frame are written to the frame memory. By reading first data representing values of a portion of the pixels constituting the previous frame from the frame memory before receiving of data representing values of pixels constituting the next frame starts, a delay time before starting to output data representing values of pixels of the previous frame can be shortened. |
| US08194089B1 |
On screen measurement tool
A measurement tool overlay program that after initial placement in or around the object field, automatically identifies (in ‘expand’ mode) any distance between objects by other programs that are displayed on the screen relative to a starting point between the objects. Measures is provided of the dimensions of any object, or group of objects by accessing the picture elements (pixels) in the memory associated with the display screen. Alternate embodiments according to the present invention operate in ‘contract’ mode. In ‘contract’ mode, the present invention also provides the measurements of an end user-placed rectangular boundary around any given object(s), or distance between outside edges of clusters of object(s) immediately. The box will contract to the size (edge) of the area as defined by pixels, which may be part of one or more objects within the area and provide the dimensions automatically. |
| US08194088B1 |
Selective composite rendering
Systems, apparatus, methods and computer program products for rendering a graphical user interface by selectively compositing display contents are described. In general, for each of one or more content producers, where each content producer is associated with content storage containing display content, display content for output is identified depending on the content consumer to which the graphical user interface is being rendered. |
| US08194084B2 |
Display apparatus and image display method
A display apparatus and a method for displaying an image are provided. The display apparatus includes a memory which stores one or more images; a communication unit which receives a universal serial bus (USB) video signal transmitted via a USB cable from an external apparatus, and receives a specific command signal from the external apparatus if the external apparatus starts to boot; and a main controller which determines that the external apparatus is being booted and causes the stored images to be displayed on a screen if the command signal is received through the communication unit. |
| US08194083B2 |
Color computation of pixels using a plurality of vertex or fragment shader programs
A plurality of vertex or fragment processors on a graphics processor perform computations. Each vertex or fragment processor is capable of executing a separate program to compute a specific result. A combiner manages the combination of the results from the respective processors, and produces a final transformed vertex or pixel value. The vertex or fragment processors and the combiner can be programmable to modify their operations. As such, the vertex or fragment processors can operate in a parallel or serial configuration, or both. The combiner manages and resolves the operations of the serial and/or parallel configurations. A synchronization barrier enables the combiner to perform data-dependency analysis to determine the timing and ordering of the respective processors' execution. A transformation module can include one or more programmable vertex processors that transforms three-dimensional geometric data into fragments. The fragment processors subsequently receive and compute a result for each fragment, which is combined using the combiner to produce the final pixel value. |
| US08194082B2 |
Rigless retargeting for character animation
Motion may be transferred between portions of two characters if those portions have a minimum topological similarity. The portions or structures of the source and target character topologies may be represented as one or more descriptive files comprised of a hierarchy of data objects including portion identifiers and functionality descriptors associated with portions of the respective source or target topology. To transfer motion between the source and target characters, the motion associated with the portions or structures of the source character identified by a subset of source portion identifiers having corresponding target portion identifiers is determined. This motion is retargeted to and attached to the corresponding portions or structures of the target character identifiers. As a result, the animation of the portions of the target character effectively animates the target character with motion that is similar to that of the source character. |
| US08194077B2 |
Adaptive grand tour
A system and method of generating a dynamic visualization of a multi-dimensional dataset of data-points are disclosed. The method is an adaptation of the Grand Tour approach, but instead of using all possible projections comprising at least one data point, some of which may not be useful, the method includes generating a set of candidate projections from the space of all possible projections. The set of candidate projections is approximated with a one dimensional smoothed curve and the dynamic visualization is generated, based on a sequence of projections taken along the smoothed curve. |
| US08194074B2 |
Systems and methods for photogrammetric rendering
Systems and methods are provided for producing a rendered drawing or rendering from a detailed image of an object (e.g. photograph) resulting in a rendering that is photogrammetric and that preserves detail in the said image of said object. The combination of the metric nature and image detail preservation in a rendering resulting from the process enhances the usefulness of the rendering to users. The invention is useful in particular for large format renderings such as wire frame style drawings used for blueprints in the architecture, engineering and construction industry (AEC industry) when used for existing structures. The processes combine graphic arts techniques with photogrammetric techniques to preserve, fully or partially, information about an object as captured in image detail of said object and to present said information in photogrammetrically correct rendering, which rendering may be incorporated into drawings useful to and/or familiar to end users of said drawings. |
| US08194073B2 |
Image generation apparatus, image generation program, medium that records the program, and image generation method
It is an object of the present invention to move a viewpoint position and a direction of a line of sight a player character with an intuitive operation method without requiring pre-study. In a case where a player touches a point within a movement determination region, a virtual 3D spatial image moved forward in the direction of the line of sight is displayed. In a case where a player touches a point at the left side outside the movement determination region, a virtual 3D spatial image as viewed by a virtual camera panned to the left is displayed, whereas in a case where a player touches a point at the right side, a virtual 3D spatial image as viewed by a virtual camera panned to the right is displayed. Furthermore, in a case where a player touches an upper point, a virtual 3D spatial image as viewed by a virtual camera tilted in the upper direction is displayed, whereas in a case where a player touches a lower point, a virtual 3D spatial image as viewed by a virtual camera tilted in the lower direction is displayed. |
| US08194071B2 |
Tile based graphics rendering
A graphics system for tile-by-tile converting of vertex data into output images for displaying on a screen. The vertex data represents objects by a set of polygons and comprises 3D space coordinates for each vertex (q1, q2, . . . , q12) in the image. A polygon is constituted of at least three vertices (q1, q2, . . . , q12). The system comprises a tile processor, for subdividing the image into a plurality of tiles (t21, 22, t23) and for determining polygon strips (q1-q12), comprising a sequence of polygons. The tile processor is also operative to determine sub-strips (q3-q10) for each polygon strip (q1-q12). Each sub-strip (q3-q10) comprises those polygons of the polygon strip (q1-q12) which at least partly overlap a single one of the tiles (t21, 22, t23). For processing a tile (t21, 22, t23), only the sub-strips (q3-q10), i.e. the polygons covering that tile (t21, 22, t23), have to be processed. |
| US08194070B2 |
System and method of converting edge record based graphics to polygon based graphics
A method and graphics converter for converting edge record based graphics to polygon based graphics is provided. In accordance with one embodiment, there is provided a method for converting graphic object data that defines a graphic object for delivery to wireless devices connected to a wireless communications network, the method comprising: converting the graphic object data from a path format to a second format, the path format including path elements that are each associated with a fill style and define one or more polygon shapes at least partially filled with the associated fill style, the path elements collectively defining the graphic object; converting the graphic object data from the path format to a second format, the converting including: redefining the polygon shapes defined by the path elements as groups of triangles; and combining at least some triangles in the groups of triangles into further polygon shapes that fall within complexity thresholds based on predetermined capabilities of a wireless device to which the converted graphic object data will be delivered. |
| US08194067B2 |
Planar guides to visually aid orthodontic appliance placement within a three-dimensional (3D) environment
Techniques are described for providing an environment for modeling and depicting a three-dimensional (3D) representation of a patient's dental arch to assist practitioners in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment. A system is described, for example, that includes modeling software executing on a computing device to provide a three-dimensional (3D) environment. The modeling software includes a rendering engine that renders a digital representation of a dental arch within the 3D environment, and a user interface that displays a planar guide within the 3D environment as a visual aid to a practitioner in the placement of an orthodontic appliance relative to the dental arch. By interacting with the system, orthodontic practitioners are able to visualize the 3D representation of the dental arch, and precisely position “virtual” orthodontic appliances relative to the modeled dental arch. |
| US08194063B2 |
Electroluminescent display compensated drive signal
Subpixels on an electroluminescent (EL) display panel, such as an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) panel, are compensated for initial nonuniformity (“mura”) and for aging effects such as threshold voltage Vth shift, EL voltage Voled shift, and OLED efficiency loss. The drive current of each subpixel is measured at one or more measurement reference gate voltages to form status signals representing the characteristics of the drive transistor and EL emitter of those subpixels. Current measurements are taken in the linear region of drive transistor operation to improve signal-to-noise ratio in systems such as modern LTPS PMOS OLED displays, which have relatively small Voled shift over their lifetimes and thus relatively small current change due to channel-length modulation. Various sources of noise are also suppressed to further increase signal-to-noise ratio. |
| US08194061B2 |
Process and system of power saving lighting
A process and system of lighting with green energy source and intelligent power management, which saves energy consuming and limits pollution. The system is using solar power, green battery, and LED which are clean, long life; save, and energy saving. A microcontroller coordinates devices and sensors to optimize the operation of the system to generate illumination. The process includes the steps of sensing the environment, selecting power source, determining the energy output and driving the light device in order to most efficiently using energy and generate sufficient light for different purposes. |
| US08194052B2 |
Optical operating apparatus
An optical operating apparatus includes a display panel, a transparent supporting plate, a deformable unit, a light source, an image sensing module, a function selecting module and a processing module. The deformable unit is disposed between the transparent supporting plate and the display panel. The deformable unit has a pattern configuration. The deformable unit deforms as applying an external force on the display panel and restores after the external force is removed. The light source provides a light beam to the deformable unit, and a visual field of the image sensing module covers the whole deformable unit. The function selecting module is disposed beside the display panel and has a plurality of function selecting buttons for selecting a predetermined function. The processing module is electrically connected with the display panel, the function selecting module, the image sensing module and the light source. The processing module is configured to control the display panel to display a predetermined picture according to a corresponding predetermined function. |
| US08194050B2 |
Sensing circuit discharge control method and device for touch panel
A sensing circuit discharge control method and device for a touch panel are disclosed. A discharging duration of a current source in the sensing circuit of the touch panel is fine tuned in a digital control manner, so as to control the discharging amount of the sensing circuit without frequently adjusting the discharging current of the current source. By using the present invention, discharging time difference between a condition in which a touch event occurs and a condition in which no touch event occurs for each sensing circuit can approach the same. |
| US08194044B2 |
Wiring harness and touch sensor incorporating same
A wiring harness and a touch sensor incorporating same are disclosed. The touch sensor includes a sensing electrode disposed in a touch sensitive area. The touch sensor further includes a plurality of auxiliary electrodes disposed on a self-supporting dielectric substrate in a border area. The auxiliary electrodes transmit a touch signal to electronics configured to use the touch signal to determine the touch location. |
| US08194043B2 |
Mobile communication terminal having multiple displays and a data processing method thereof
A mobile communication terminal includes a display unit comprising a plurality of displays, one of which being formed as a touch panel, and a controller for analyzing a signal inputted through the touch panel to determine whether movement distance of data satisfies pre-set conditions, and outputting a control signal for displaying the corresponding data through a different display region according to the corresponding result. |
| US08194041B2 |
Keypad with key pairs
A keypad has a plurality of keys. The plurality of keys includes one or more key pairs. Each of the one or more key pairs includes physically coupled first and second keys. The physically coupled first and second keys are configured to be actuated independently of each other. |
| US08194038B1 |
Multi-directional remote control system and method with automatic cursor speed control
A multi-directional remote control system and method is adapted for use with an entertainment system of a type including a display such as a monitor or TV and having display functions employing a mouse type control. The remote controller may be conveniently held in one hand of a user and still provides full mouse type functionality. The remote control system and method images the controller to detect relative motion between the controller and screen. This position information is used for control of a cursor or other GUI interface with automatic control of cursor speed based on detected controller distance from the screen and characteristic hand movement. |
| US08194037B2 |
Centering a 3D remote controller in a media system
An electronic device associated with a remote wand controlling the operations of the electronic device is provided. The wand may include a motion detection component operative to provide an output reflecting the motion of the wand to the electronic device, such that the movements of a cursor displayed by the electronic device may be related to the output of the motion detection component. The wand may also include an input mechanism operative to receive user inputs. Using the input mechanism, the wand may detect a user's inputs and direct the electronic device to zoom or scroll displayed objects. The electronic device may display a screen saver by which the user may select particular media items for playback while remaining in the screen saver mode. In some embodiments, the electronic device may display video with a scroll bar that includes a preview window of the video. |
| US08194036B1 |
Systems and methods for controlling a cursor on a display using a trackpad input device
Systems and methods for controlling a cursor on a display using a trackpad input device are disclosed. The systems and methods may be directed to controlling the cursor on a display separate from the trackpad input device, based on information identified about a motion of a trackpad input device or a computing device. A conversion factor may be determined to relate input to the trackpad input device with control of the cursor on the display in response to the input. The conversion factor can be adjusted when the motion information indicates that the trackpad input device or computing device is in motion. An input signal from an input to the trackpad input device may be smoothed by filtering out a mechanical vibration signal within the input signal. The input signal may also be smoothed by subtracting the absolute motion of the trackpad input device from the input signal. |
| US08194033B2 |
Reproducing device, setting changing method, and setting changing device
A reproducing device that can reproduce data and operates on a battery includes displaying means, attitude detecting means for detecting an attitude of the reproducing device, determining means for determining whether the reproducing device satisfies a predetermined condition, and controlling means for changing a setting of the reproducing device on a basis of a result of detection of the attitude detecting means when the determining means determines that the reproducing device satisfies the predetermined condition. |
| US08194032B2 |
Image display medium, preparation method thereof
An image display medium is disclosed, which medium includes a pair of substrates each having an electrode and colored particles between the pair of substrates, and the colored particles have an absolute electric charge of 0.5 to 4.0 μC/g. |
| US08194029B2 |
Display device and method of controlling the same
A display device includes a driving signal generator being supplied with a synchronous signal and a clock signal and generating an inverter driving signal having a given frequency that is multiplied by a predetermined ratio from a frequency of the synchronous signal, an inverter outputting a driving signal based on the inverter driving signal, and a backlight unit controlling turned-on or turned-off based on the driving signal from the inverter. The driving signal generator operates the number of clocks of the clock signal included in a predetermined period of the synchronous signal by using a predetermined value, defines a magnitude of each section of the inverter driving signal with respect to the predetermined period of the synchronous signal, and adjusts the section magnitude of the inverter driving signal when the number of clocks differs from the total section magnitude of the inverter driving signal based on the magnitude of each section. |
| US08194027B2 |
Liquid crystal device, light emitting device, electronic apparatus, method of controlling liquid crystal device, and method of controlling light emitting device
A liquid crystal device is provided. The liquid crystal device includes: a liquid crystal panel including a pair of substrates which interpose a liquid crystal layer; a plurality of light receiving elements which detect ambient light; and a control unit which controls a display state of an image displayed on the liquid crystal panel based on an intensity of the ambient light detected by a plurality of the light receiving elements, wherein the control unit includes a determination unit determining that the intensity of the ambient light is changed when changed amounts of the intensities of the ambient light detected by equal to or more than half of the light receiving elements exceed a predetermined value. |
| US08194025B2 |
Liquid crystal display
The present invention provides a liquid crystal display (LCD). The LCD includes: a liquid crystal panel that includes a plurality of gate lines; and a gate driver that includes a plurality of stages, which are connected to the gate lines, respectively, and sequentially provide a plurality of gate signals to the gate lines, respectively, and a first dummy stage and a second dummy stage that are separated from each other, wherein the first dummy stage is enabled by a carry signal of one of the stages, and the second dummy stage is enabled by a carry signal of the first dummy stage and initializes each of the stages. |
| US08194024B2 |
Apparatus and method for distinguishing panel of display device
An apparatus and method for distinguishing a panel of a display device is provided. A driver Integrated Circuit (IC) of the display device includes a plurality of pins that are electrically connected differently according to a type of the panel, and an output pin for outputting an output signal indicating a type of the panel according to an electric connection between the plurality of pins. A controller determines a type of the panel depending on the output signal provided from the driver IC, and applies a control signal corresponding to the determined type of the panel to the driver IC. |
| US08194021B2 |
Display apparatus, pixel structure and driving method thereof
A display apparatus, pixel structure and drive method thereof are provided. The display apparatus comprises a gate drive chip, a first gate line, a second gate line, a first pixel unit, and a second pixel unit. The gate driver is configured to generate a first gate drive signal and a second gate drive signal. The first and second gate drive signals are outputted to the first and second gate lines, respectively. Furthermore, the first and second gate drive signals are configured to adjust a first feed through (FT) voltage generated by a first pixel area of the first pixel unit, a second FT voltage generated by a second pixel area of the first pixel unit, a third FT voltage generated by a third pixel area of the second pixel unit, and a fourth FT voltage generated by a fourth pixel area of the second pixel unit. |
| US08194016B2 |
Liquid crystal display with peep-preventing function
In an active matrix LCD, different signal voltages are applied to adjacent pixels or sub-pixels. Averaged brightness of the adjacent pixels or sub-pixels displays a typical γ curve while viewing right from the front, and on the other hand, displays a constant γ curve within a specified color level (signal voltage) range while viewing at a skew angle from the front. Accordingly, a true image can be seen from the front while the image becomes visibly unidentified at a skew angle from the front. |
| US08194014B2 |
Organic light emitting display device
An organic light emitting display device capable of improving image quality on a large panel. The organic light emitting display device includes a panel divided into at least two regions including a first region crystallized by a first crystallization process and a second region crystallized by a second crystallization process, in which a boundary part of the first and second regions is subject to both the first crystallization process and the second crystallization process, and further includes: organic light emitting diodes at crossing regions of scan lines and data lines; and pixel circuits at the crossing regions and configured to supply currents to the organic light emitting diodes. Here, couplings between the pixel circuits within the first region and the boundary part and their respective organic light emitting diodes are different from couplings between the pixel circuits within the second region and their respective organic light emitting diodes. |
| US08194013B2 |
Organic light emitting display and method of driving the same
An organic light emitting display capable of minimizing power consumption. The organic light emitting display includes a plurality of pixels positioned at intersections of data lines and scan lines includes the pixels including driving transistors positioned in an effective display region to control an amount of current that flows from a first power source to a second power source, a data driver for supplying data signals to the data lines, a scan driver supplying scan signals to the scan lines, a first power source generator generating the first power source, a second power source generator generating the second power source, and a voltage controller controlling the second power source generator so that voltage of the second power source is changed in response to a first voltage applied to an organic light emitting diode (OLED) included in a specific pixel when a data signal corresponding to specific brightness is supplied from the data driver to the specific pixel. |
| US08194011B2 |
Electronic apparatus, electronic system, and driving method for electronic apparatus
An electronic apparatus includes unit circuits provided with electronic devices, data lines connected to the unit circuits, a first output device to output, as a first output, a current or a voltage corresponding to an externally supplied data signal, a second output device to output, as a second output, a current or a voltage corresponding to the magnitude of the first output, and a selection supply device to select one of or both the first output from the first output device and the second output from the second output device and to supply the selected output to the data line. With this configuration, the image reproducibility in a low-luminance/low-grayscale display area of a display apparatus using EL devices is enhanced. |
| US08194008B2 |
Display device
The present invention is intended to suppress power consumption of an EL display. In accordance with the brightness of an image to be displayed in a pixel portion, the contrast of the image is determined whether to be inverted or not, and the number of bits of the digital video signal to be input into the pixel portion is reduced, and the magnitude of a current to flow through the EL element is allowed to be maintained at a constant level even when a temperature of an EL layer changes by providing the EL display with another EL element to be used for monitoring a temperature. |
| US08194004B2 |
Plasma display panel driving method and plasma display device
A plasma display driving method capable of displaying a vigorous image having enhanced maximum luminance and contrast. For this purpose, one field is divided into a plurality of sub-fields each including a sustain period. In the sustain period, the number of sustain pulses obtained by multiplying a proportionality factor by a brightness weight set for each of the sub-fields are applied to display electrode pairs to generate sustaining discharge in discharge cells having generated addressing discharge therein. Thus, the total number of the sustain pulses in one field period can be changed. When a predetermined image meeting predetermined conditions is displayed, the total number of the sustain pulses in one field period is made larger than those in the case where the other normal images are displayed. |
| US08194002B2 |
Situational awareness components of an enhanced vision system
A virtual sphere provided by an enhanced vision system includes synthetic imagery filling said virtual sphere and a common view window mapped to a dedicated position within the synthetic imagery. Imagery of the line of sight of a user is displayed in the common view window. By providing the common view window, visual communication between all users may be possible. By connecting a virtual user to the enhanced vision system and by displaying the imagery for the line of sight of the virtual user in the common view window, the workload of a human operator may be reduced and the time line of actions may be shortened. The enhanced vision system of the present invention may be used, but is not limited to, in a military aircraft to enhance the situational awareness of the flight crew. |
| US08193996B2 |
Antenna radome
An antenna radome is provided. The antenna radome comprises an antenna radome substrate and a unit cell. The unit cell is formed on a surface of the antenna radome substrate, and the unit cell is perpendicular to a magnetic field direction of an antenna. The unit cell comprises a plurality of conductors. |
| US08193994B2 |
Millimeter-wave chip-lens array antenna systems for wireless networks
Embodiments of chip-lens array antenna systems are described. In some embodiments, the chip-lens array antenna systems (100) may comprise a millimeter-wave lens (104), and a chip-array antenna (102) to generate and direct millimeter-wave signals through the millimeter-wave lens (104) for subsequent transmission. |
| US08193993B2 |
Antenna sub-assembly for electronic device
A portable electronic device (100) having an antenna sub-assembly (204) including a conductor with a first portion (216) along a first surface of a circuit board, a second portion (218) connected to the first portion along an edge of the circuit board, and a third portion (220) connected to the second portion. The third portion is along a second surface of the circuit board. A feed leg (222) couples to the conductor to radio circuitry. |
| US08193988B2 |
Versatile antenna system
The present invention relates to an antenna system designed to be used in a wireless link, having polarization directions, respectively for reception and emission, identical to the polarization directions, respectively for emission and reception, presented by a similar system placed in a geometric configuration of use that is different from that of the said first system. The invention enables identical devices to be implemented in separate items of equipment and in distinct positions while enabling the antenna pair to function correctly. |
| US08193985B2 |
Radio frequency positioning system and method
A radio frequency (RF) positioning system for positioning an RF device on a surface is provided. The RF positioning system utilizes the property of the RF device generating a response signal upon receiving an RF signal to perform positioning. The RF positioning system includes an antenna set, a switch unit, an RF module and micro-controller unit (MCU). The antenna set has a plurality of antennas in different sizes. The RF module is coupled to the switch unit. The MCU, coupled to the switch unit and the RF module, controls the switch unit to select one antenna from the antenna set and controls the RF module to generate the RF signal. The MCU further estimates a distance between the RF device and the RF positioning system according to whether the RF positioning system receives the response signal through the selected antenna. |
| US08193983B1 |
Automated antenna alignment system
A system for automatically aligning two data antennae is disclosed. Each antenna is provided with a pan and tilt unit, a GPS receiver for locating a respective antenna's location, a position reporting radio for broadcasting a local position to the remote antenna, and a magnetic compass including tilt sensors for determining tilt of the antenna and for establishing a reference heading. A computer at each location receives the local coordinates, remote coordinates reference heading and tilt information, and calculates a difference between the reference heading and bearing to the remote antenna. This information is converted to pan and tilt commands to drive the antenna to the bearing of the remote antenna. Two antenna equipped in this manner can be aligned simultaneously. |
| US08193982B2 |
Controlling a GPS receiver by detecting motion based on radiofrequency signal traces
Operation of a GPS receiver on a wireless communications device is controlled by determining whether the device is stationary or in motion. Motion determination is accomplished by analyzing radiofrequency signal traces, e.g. GSM signal traces, received from one or more nearby base stations. A three-tiered analysis provides a progressively more accurate determination as to whether the device is moving or stationary while providing, in certain instances, a more rapid determination than prior-art techniques. When the device is determined to be stationary, the GPS receiver can be deactivated. When the device is determined to be moving, the GPS receiver can be reactivated. |
| US08193980B2 |
Doppler and code phase searches in a GNSS receiver
According to an aspect of the present invention, each correlation block in a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver is designed to examine a certain number of consecutive samples of an input signal and a buffer is designed to store more than such number of samples. Due to such storing, each correlator may perform multiple correlations for the same set of received samples. According to another aspect, such searches may be performed without rotating a local code by controlling the specific samples provided as window samples. Thus, while performing Doppler searches, different frequencies can be searched using the same local code without rotation. While performing code phase searches, the window samples may start from different positions with the position determining the specific phase being searched. |
| US08193978B2 |
Positioning system and method using GPS with wireless access points
Embodiments of an improved assisted global positioning system (GPS) method and system are described. Wireless access points send assistance data to GPS receivers that are integrated into cellular chipsets and other chipsets. The access points may also act as fixed location references for differential GPS (DGPS) mobile stations. Errors caused by multipath travel of the GPS signals are reduced by using fixed location reference receivers. |
| US08193977B1 |
Power line GPS data distribution
Distributing data is disclosed. A GPS signal is received from one or more GPS satellites. GPS data associated with at least a portion of the GPS signal is distributed via a power line. In some cases, at least a portion of the distributed signal is used to establish a reference. |
| US08193976B2 |
Positioning system, positioning IC chip, positioning method and positioning program for estimating a position of a receiver
The present invention easily evaluates the positioning accuracy by using fewer signal sources. The receiver is a positioning system for estimating the position of the receiver itself which is constituted by: a distance calculation section which calculates information indicating the respective distances between a plurality of GPS satellites and the receiver on the basis of signals which are transmitted by the plurality of GPS satellites and received by the receiver; a position calculation section which calculates the position of the receiver from information indicating the positions of the respective GPS satellites and information indicating the respective distances thus calculated; a distance difference calculation section which calculates, for each of the GPS satellites, the differences between the respective distances from the calculated position of the receiver to the respective GPS satellites, and the respective distances calculated by the distance calculation section; and a position accuracy evaluation section which evaluates an accuracy of the calculated position of the receiver on the basis of variation, between the GPS satellites, of the calculated differences, for each of the GPS satellites. |
| US08193974B2 |
Systems and methods for suppressing ambiguous peaks from stepped frequency techniques
Signal compensation systems and methods compensate an estimated range profile from a plurality of detected signal returns from a true range profile, wherein the signal returns correspond to an emitted stepped frequency pulse-train. An exemplary embodiment utilizes knowledge of the radar system design to identify locations, predict power levels, and suppress the contributions of stepped-frequency range sidelobes (ambiguous peaks) in the estimated range profile, resulting in a cleaner and more accurate radar display. |
| US08193973B2 |
Multilayer metamaterial isolator
A method of fabricating an array of radiating elements includes on one layer or surface of a dielectric substrate, forming a first leg of a first resonator loop, on another layer or surface of the dielectric substrate forming a second leg of the first resonator loop between adjacent radiating elements, forming a via through the dielectric substrate, and metallizing the via forming a third leg of the first resonator loop interconnecting the first and second legs. |
| US08193972B2 |
Adaptive calculation of pulse compression filter coefficients for a radar signal
In a method for adaptive calculation of pulse compression filter coefficients for a received signal in a radar installation, which received signal is evaluated with the aid of a complex pulse compression mismatch filter, a pulse compression filter coefficient set h(t) is calculated for an ideal theoretical received signal s(t) for a pulse compression mismatch filter, such that a pulse compression output signal results with a desired main lobe to side lobe ratio. A transformed set of pulse compression filter coefficients Hopt(f) for the complex pulse compression mismatch filter Hopt(f) is calculated for a distorted received signal using the following rule: H opt ( f ) = S ( f ) · H ( f ) · S v * ( f ) S v ( f ) 2 where S(f): the Fourier-transform of an undistorted received signal s(t), Sv(f): the Fourier-transform of a distorted received signal sv(t), sv*(f): the complex conjugate of Sv(f), H(f): the Fourier-transform of the pulse compression mismatch filter h(t). |
| US08193969B2 |
Method and system for maintaining spatio-temporal data
A system and method for maintaining spatio-temporal data for a given area (e.g., an airspace) containing a given node (e.g., an aircraft) and one or more other nodes (e.g., aircraft). The given aircraft may break the given airspace into a first plurality of smaller airspaces, and may also break the given airspace into a second plurality of smaller airspaces. The given aircraft may then detect local spatio-temporal data for each smaller airspace located within its detectable range. The aircraft may also receive remote spatio-temporal data for the smaller airspaces from the one or more other aircraft. Thereafter, the aircraft may update stored spatio-temporal data based on the aircraft's navigation data, the local spatio-temporal data, the remote spatio-temporal data, and/or a reliability of the data. Further, the aircraft may transmit the stored spatio-temporal data for receipt by the one or more other aircraft. |
| US08193968B1 |
Systems and methods for space situational awareness and space weather
Systems and methods for detecting objects and weather in space are disclosed. A system for detecting an object in space and space weather includes at least one spacecraft, at least one radiation source, at least one detector, and a controller. The at least one radiation source and the at least one detector are coupled to the at least one spacecraft. The at least one radiation source is configured to transmit a signal. The at least one detector is configured to detect the signal. The signal may be reflected from an object in space. The controller is coupled to the spacecraft and is in communication with the plurality of detectors. The controller is programmed to calculate either a relative position of the object based or a plasma parameter in a region traversed by the signal based on the detected signal. |
| US08193967B2 |
Method and system for forming very low noise imagery using pixel classification
A method and system for generating images from projection data comprising inputting first values representing correlated positional and recorded data; forming an image by processing the projection data utilizing a pixel characterization imaging subsystem to form the SAR imagery utilizing one of a back-projection algorithm or range migration algorithm; integrating positional and recorded data from many aperture positions, comprising: forming the complete aperture A0 comprising collecting the return radar data, the coordinates of the receiver, and the coordinates of the transmitter for each position k along the aperture of N positions; forming an imaging grid comprising M image pixels; selecting and removing a substantial number of aperture positions to form a sparse aperture Aifor L iterations; classifying each pixel in the image into target class based on the statistical distribution of its amplitude across L iterations; otherwise, the pixel is given the value of zero. |
| US08193966B2 |
Wire detection systems and methods
In one embodiment a system to detect, from a remote location, one or more wires in a target location comprises a radiation targeting assembly to direct a rotating polarization radiation field at the target location, a reflected radiation collecting assembly that collects radiation reflected from the target location, and a signal processing module to monitor radiation from the rotating radiation field reflected from the target location and generate a signal when the radiation reflected from the target location indicates the presence of a wire in the target location. Other embodiments may be described. |
| US08193962B1 |
High resolution A/D conversion based on piecewise conversion at lower resolution
Piecewise conversion of an analog input signal is performed utilizing a plurality of relatively lower bit resolution A/D conversions. The results of this piecewise conversion are interpreted to achieve a relatively higher bit resolution A/D conversion without sampling frequency penalty. |
| US08193960B2 |
Output apparatus and test apparatus
Provided is an output apparatus comprising a plurality of current sources; a plurality of holding sections that correspond respectively to the current sources and that each hold a designated voltage that designates a current flowing through the corresponding current source; a setting DAC that sequentially generates the designated voltage to be held by each holding section; and a supply section that sequentially switches a supply of the designated voltage generated by the setting DAC among corresponding holding sections. |
| US08193954B2 |
Computer product, information processing apparatus, and information search apparatus
A recording medium stores an information processing program that causes a computer to execute storing a compression symbol map group having a bit string indicating for each character code, presence or absence of the character code in a file group, and a Huffman tree whose leaf corresponding to the character code has a pointer to a compression symbol map of the character code, the Huffman tree converting the character code into a compression symbol of the character code; compressing sequentially and according to the Huffman tree, a character code to be compressed and described in a file of the file group; detecting access to the leaf at the compressing; identifying by a pointer in the accessed leaf, a compression symbol map of the character code to be compressed; and updating a bit that indicates presence or absence of the character code to be compressed, in the identified compression symbol map. |
| US08193951B2 |
Method and system for receiving and sending navigational data via a wireless messaging service on a navigation system
A system and method are provided for receiving navigational data via a wireless messaging service on a navigation system. The system and method provide a way to send requests for destination information via the wireless messaging service and capture navigational data from the responsive message received, such as addresses, telephone numbers, or email addresses, and then utilize that data for navigational routing, generation of telephone calls, emailing and the like, from the vehicle's navigation system. A wireless device can be paired with the navigation system over a Bluetooth communication link, wherein the navigation system periodically polls the wireless device for newly received messages. In one embodiment, the NAVI displays icons on a map that correspond to the extracted addresses from the messages received in relation to the vehicle's current location. The icons can be shown in a plurality of visual formats to distinguish previously viewed locations from newly received ones. |
| US08193949B2 |
Alert and warning system and method
The present inventions provide a system and method for providing a warning using at least one wireless communication link between an approaching object and the location where a warning is to be given based in part on the location of the object and its proximity to the warning location. One aspect of the inventions includes receiving a communication from an object, for example a vehicle, which includes location information, at an alert node, wirelessly communicating alert information to a warning node, and causing a warning device to generate a warning. Preferably the alert node communicates with a plurality of vehicles and a plurality of warning nodes and determines to which of the plurality of warning nodes to communicate alert information based in part on the location information received from at least one of the vehicles and the location of the warning device. |
| US08193948B1 |
System, module, and method for presenting runway advisory information to a pilot
A present novel and non-trivial system, module, and method for presenting runway advisory information are disclosed. A runway reference may be established using data received from a source of navigation reference data, where such data could represent runway information, runway awareness zone information, landing awareness zone information, and/or runway threshold line information. Navigation data representative of at least aircraft location and input factor data may be received from a source. Phase of flight may be determined using input factor data, and a runway advisory data set may be generated as a function of phase of flight and the positional relationship between aircraft location and the runway reference. Runway advisory data set may be representative of advisory information comprised of visual runway advisory information, aural runway advisory information, tactile advisory information, or a combination thereof. A presentation system receives the runway advisory data set and presents advisory information. |
| US08193947B2 |
Methods and systems for generating data link air traffic control center menus
Methods and systems for generating a data link air traffic control center menu are provided. In one implementation, a method comprises associating individual air traffic control center objects with at least one geographic area. Each air traffic control center object represents an air traffic control center having a name, and each geographic area has a name. The method further includes displaying the names of each geographic area and receiving a first input. The first input selects one of the geographic areas having a plurality of geographic sub-areas, with each geographic sub-area having a name. The method further includes displaying the names of the geographic sub-areas and receiving a second input. The second input selects one of the geographic sub-areas including one or more air traffic control centers. The method further includes displaying the names of the air traffic control centers and receiving a third input. The third input selects one of the air traffic control centers. |
| US08193943B2 |
Handheld charge indicator assemblies for children's ride-on vehicles, and associated kits and methods
Handheld charge indicator assemblies, children's ride-on vehicle kits including the same, and methods of determining the state of charge of a battery assembly of a children's ride-on vehicle. Handheld charge indicator assemblies are sized to be held in the hand of a user and are configured to be selectively interconnected to a battery assembly of a children's ride-on vehicle and output an output signal representative of a voltage of the battery assembly. Handheld charge indicator assemblies include a body, an electronic circuit housed within the body, an indicator configured to output an output signal representative of an input voltage to the electronic circuit, and a battery connector configured to engage the battery assembly of a children's ride-on vehicle. In some embodiments, the handheld charge indicator assembly further includes an actuator configured to actuate the electronic circuit to detect the input voltage responsive to a user engaging the actuator. |
| US08193940B2 |
Recognition award, personnel identification holder and/or personnel unit for attachment to hardhats, protective helmets or the like
A signal device is provided for identifying and communicating a location or hazard, concealed within a housing on a hard hat having a pocket. Further provided is a detachable housing to be placed in the pocket. Embodiments incorporate a speaker for audible identification, a light emitting diode (LED) for visual identification and a global positioning sensor (GPS) for identifying the wearer's location and various circuits and systems that utilize the invention. |
| US08193938B2 |
Apparatus for identifying and tracking multiple tools and disposables
A method and apparatus for identifying and tracking instruments, in multiple instrument environments such as an operating room or a garage. Each instrument or disposable has attached thereto an identifying tag, such as an RFID tag. Each plane or location the instruments or disposables are placed on, comprises an antenna and thus continuously identifies the tools. In order for the antenna to work in a metallic environment, the antenna is equipped with a metallic board underneath, which insulates form other metals, and in order for the metallic board not to absorb all the energy, a spacing layer is placed between the metal board and the antenna. Flat antennas may be implemented as a collection of wire loops, overlapping in about 20% of one of their dimensions. |
| US08193933B2 |
Apparatus and method for remote viewing system
An energy conserving remote viewing system comprising an instantaneous analog video transmission camera, an analog video receiver that receives and transmits a video image to a video monitor and a remote transmitter that activates the analog video transmission camera. The remote camera device is normally in a low power, sleep mode that has a minimal power drain. The system includes a battery powered camera requiring a first voltage to operate and an RF transmitter to send an activation signal to the camera. The activation signal has a duration. A camera power circuit includes a normally sleeping signal receiving circuit and a first timer. The first timer periodically activates the signal receiving circuit to check for the presence of the activation signal and turns off the signal receiving circuit if the activation signal is not present and turns on the camera if the activation signal is present, and wherein the time the signal receiving circuit sleeps is less than the activation signal duration. |
| US08193926B2 |
Piezoelectric triggering mechanism
A piezoelectric triggering mechanism (10) includes a piezoelectric element (12), such as the transducer of a SAW device, that is configured to crack or break upon being subjected to excessive levels of mechanical force or other triggering mechanisms, thus generating a burst of electromagnetic energy. The large impulse of energy can then be conditioned (14) through resonant circuits or antennas and modulated (16) with an identification pattern through appropriate structures (such as SAW electrodes) to send a breakage indication signal to a remote receiver (18). Piezoelectric elements (12) may be integrated with a pneumatic tire structure to provide indication upon pressure loss or tire failure. Piezoelectric elements (12) may also be integrated with safety support features of some tire structures to provide indication of tire operation in a run-flat mode of operation. Related aspects of the present piezoelectric triggering technology employ a piezoelectric element (12) in a trigger detection method, which may involve detection of such occurrences as breach of security via opening of a sealed access structure or breakage of a glass panel, deployment of an airbag, loss of pressure or excess deflection in a tire, presence of smoke in a given location, and other rupture and sensor applications. |
| US08193923B2 |
Automotive vehicle and asset management system therefor
An automotive vehicle includes one or more computers. The one or more computers are configured to, in a first mode of operation, receive and store, at a plurality of instances, inventory information about assets in a vicinity of the vehicle, and identify patterns in asset inventories based on the inventory information and a history of vehicle locations associated with the inventory information. The one or more computers are also configured to, in a second mode of operation, generate output representing at least one suggested vehicle destination based on the identified patterns and assets detected in the vicinity of the vehicle. |
| US08193922B2 |
Method for warning the driver of a motor vehicle equipped with a cruise control system
A method is provided for warning the driver of a motor vehicle equipped with a distance-related cruise control system of a potentially hazardous situation. The motor vehicle is kept at a standstill during the distance-related cruise control using a braking torque applied by the distance-related cruise control system. Leaving of the motor vehicle, or an intention of the driver to leave the motor vehicle, is recognized. When the leaving or the intention to leave of the driver is recognized, the applied braking torque is changed and/or modulated in such a manner that the motor vehicle experiences a movement perceptible by the driver. |
| US08193921B2 |
Motorcycle handlebar lock system
A motorcycle handlebar lock system (10) includes a control section (16) that executes a process of authenticating information necessary for driving a motorcycle (30), and a switch part (12L, 12R) for initiating the authentication process, the switch part being disposed within a grip (61 or 62) of a handlebar (31) of the motorcycle. |
| US08193916B2 |
RFID transmitter
Embodiments of the invention relate to the field of RFID interrogators, particularly RFID interrogators that combine low loss with high rates of communication from the interrogator to a tag. Further embodiments relate to the field of active RFID tags and general radio transmitters. We describe a transmitter comprising a resonant circuit and a driver coupled to drive said resonant circuit, wherein said resonant circuit includes a resonance regeneration system such that during amplitude modulation of a resonant signal in said resonant circuit when an amplitude of said resonant signal is reduced energy from said reduction is stored and when said amplitude is increased said stored energy is used to regenerate said resonance signal. |
| US08193914B2 |
Adaptable filter and method for filtering a radio frequency identification signal
A method, system and computer program product for filtering a RFID signal. At least one pre-operational interference signal is measured. Amplitude and frequency data are extracted from the at least one measured pre-operational interference signal. At least one filter-dependent parameter is computed based at least in part on the extracted amplitude and frequency data extracted from the measured at least one pre-operational interference signal. A table is generated during a pre-operational mode. The table has at least one set of filter coefficients based on the computed at least one filter-dependent parameter. |
| US08193911B2 |
Controlling radio frequency identification tag signal range
A method, apparatus, and computer usable program product for controlling a range of a radio frequency identification tag signal. The process identifies an operative range for the radio frequency identification tag signal of a radio identification tag. The process then selects a set of conductive paths in the radio frequency identification tag corresponding to the desired operative range. The set of conductive paths controls the range of the radio frequency identification tag signal in the radio identification frequency tag. |
| US08193907B2 |
Method for opening a transportable container
The present invention relates to a process for opening a container for the transportation of valuable objects or valuable documents, for example. The container (1) includes a first electronic unit (2), which allows deactivation of an alarm system and/or opening of the container. A first key (10) required to open the container includes a second electronic unit (12), which communicates with the first electronic unit (2) such as to initiate opening of the container. There is used a stationarily disposed second key (20) which together with the first key (10) provides the complete code-set (ABCD) required to initiate deactivation and/or opening of the container (1). The stationarily disposed second key (20) includes a third electronic unit (22) which contains a subset (CD) of the complete code-set (ABCD) required to initiate deactivation and/or opening of the container (1). The electronic unit (12) of the first key (10) contains a subset (AB) of the complete code (ABCD) required to initiate deactivation and/or opening of the container (1). The inventive process ensures that the container (1) will be opened at the correct geographic destination and, when necessary, also within a determined time span. |
| US08193905B2 |
Vehicle function execution system, vehicle apparatus, portable device, recording medium, and information center
A storage circuit of a portable device stores setting data concerning a function installed on a used vehicle or an in-use vehicle. Stored setting data of the portable device is read when the user gets in an in-use vehicle after use of a used vehicle. Setting data stored in the storage section of the vehicle apparatus is also read. The two read setting data are compared. When a comparison result shows a difference, execution of a function is permitted based on setting data read from the storage circuit of the portable device. The user can be notified of a function not used by the user or a new function when execution of the functions is permitted. |
| US08193903B2 |
Associating a transmitter and a receiver in a supplemental remote control system for materials handling vehicles
A method of associating a transmitter and a receiver in a supplemental remote control system for materials handling vehicles includes initiating a power on sequence to enable a vehicle for operation, the vehicle having a receiver for receiving wirelessly transmitted travel commands, and pairing and synchronizing the receiver and a corresponding vehicle controller to a select one of a plurality of wireless remote control devices. Pairing mode confidence signals are received at the vehicle receiver, wherein each pairing mode confidence signal provides a transmitter identification that uniquely identifies a corresponding wireless remote control device within range of the receiver. A known transmitter identification code associated with the select wireless remote control device is matched with a corresponding one of the pairing mode confidence signals received by the receiver, and the matched wireless remote control device is synchronized to the receiver and the controller of the vehicle for communication therebetween. |
| US08193900B2 |
Method for fabricating metal gate and polysilicon resistor and related polysilicon resistor structure
An integrated method includes fabricating a metal gate and a polysilicon resistor structure. A photoresistor layer is defined by an SAB photo mask and covers a part of a polysilicon structure of the polysilicon resistor. When the gate conductor of a poly gate transistor is etched, the part of the polysilicon structure is protected by the patterned photoresistor layer. After the polysilicon resistor and the metal gate are formed. The polysilicon resistor still has sufficient resistance and includes two metal structures for electrical connection. |
| US08193893B2 |
Inductor having opening enclosed within conductive line and related method
Embodiments of an inductor including a conductive line including at least one turn and an opening positioned within an interior of a region of the conductive line are disclosed. Embodiments of a related method of designing the inductor are also disclosed. |
| US08193887B2 |
Monostable permanent magnetic actuator using laminated steel core
A monostable permanent magnetic actuator using a laminated steel core, comprises: lamination cores formed as a plurality of metallic thin plates are laminated to each other; a coil disposed to be adjacent to the lamination cores, and configured to apply a magnetic force to the lamination cores by an external power; a mover mounted in the lamination cores so as to be movable in upper and lower directions; permanent magnets installed at the lamination cores, and configured to apply an upward and downward magnetic force to the mover; and an elastic means configured to apply an elastic force to the mover in an opposite direction to the permanent magnets. |
| US08193882B2 |
Starting device for engines
An electromagnetic switch unit comprises a solenoid device that pushes out a pinion gear to a ring gear side of an engine, and an electromagnetic switch that opens and closes a main point of contact of a motor circuit. The solenoid device and the electromagnetic switch are arranged in series in an axial direction, while a magnetic plate that forms a part of magnetic circuit between a first coil used for the solenoid device and a second coil used for the electromagnetic switch is shared by the solenoid device and the electromagnetic switch. |
| US08193881B2 |
Relay
A relay having a first opening and closing part including an openable and closable first gap; a second opening and closing part including an openable and closable second gap, the second opening and closing part being placed side by side with the first opening and closing part so that the first gap and the second gap are arranged side by side; a magnetization driving part to cause the first opening and closing part and the second opening and closing part to simultaneously operate; and a permanent magnet to apply a magnetic field on the first and second gaps in the same direction. |
| US08193876B2 |
DC and/or AF output from an RF path
An improved DC and/or audio-frequency output for RF paths has the following features: an earth connection is provided, in particular in the form of an electrically conductive housing (17), an output path (13) branches off from a connection point (117, 117′) on an RF path (3, 5), the output path (13) comprises a branch line (7, 9), originating from the connection point (117, 117′), in the form of a λ/4 line, where λ represents a wavelength which corresponds to a wavelength within the RF band to be transmitted on the RF path (3, 5), and having a capacitor device (27a, 27b), which is connected to the branch line (7, 9), in the form of a low-pass filter and/or an RF short, with at least one sealed dipole connection (127a, 127h) also being provided on the output path (13), in addition to the at least one capacitor device (27a, 27b). |
| US08193873B2 |
High-frequency coupler and communication device
A high-frequency coupler and a communication device are compact, capable of efficiently communicating a large volume of data over a short distance and can be used in combination with a non-contact IC card. The high-frequency coupler includes magnetic-field-generating patterns and a surrounding pattern disposed around a periphery thereof, and is used to communicate a large volume of data over a short distance in a communication system that uses broadband frequencies. Out of the magnetic fields radiated in directions perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the plane of the patterns from the magnetic-field-generating patterns, portions extending laterally in the plane of the patterns are blocked by the surrounding pattern, the magnetic fields are lengthened in a direction perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the plane of the patterns and the communication distance is increased. |
| US08193871B1 |
FM pulse shaping
Apparatus and methods for improving the spectral performance of a polar modulator are described. A composite FM signal component of a composite polar transmit signal may be processed by monitoring the FM signal to detect a transient burst component, and, responsive to detection of a transient burst, generating a spectrally friendly replacement signal component that may be combined with the FM signal to improve spectral performance of the composite signal. In addition, an associated AM component of the composite transmit signal may be filtered to further improve spectral performance. |
| US08193869B1 |
Feedthrough capacitance compensation for resonant devices
A device has a resonator coupled to input and output nodes, the resonator being characterized by a transducer to drive the output node, and further characterized by a feedthrough capacitance such that portions of the input signal bypass the transducer to allow a spurious signal to reach the output node. The device includes a compensation capacitor coupled to the output node to define a compensation capacitance in accordance with the feedthrough capacitance. A phase inversion circuit is coupled to the compensation capacitance to generate a compensation signal and coupled to the output node such that the spurious signal is offset by the compensation signal. In some cases, a differential amplifier of the phase inversion circuit has the compensation capacitance in a feedback path to offset the feedthrough capacitance. In these and other cases, the compensation capacitance and the feedthrough capacitance may be unmatched to avoid overcompensation. |
| US08193868B2 |
Switched capacitor circuit for a voltage controlled oscillator
A switched capacitor circuit for use at at least one operating frequency is provided. The switched capacitor may include an inductive element having a first terminal coupled to a switching voltage and a second terminal. The switched capacitor circuit may further include a hetero-junction bipolar transistor (HBT) having a base terminal coupled to the second terminal of the inductive element, a first conducting terminal, and a second conducting terminal coupled to a voltage supply terminal. The switched capacitor circuit may further include a capacitor having a first terminal coupled to the first conducting terminal of the HBT and a second terminal coupled to a node, wherein a capacitance value at the node is a function of the switching voltage, and wherein the inductive element is configured such that a combined impedance of an impedance of the capacitor, an impedance of the HBT, and an impedance of inductive element resonates at the at least one operating frequency only when the HBT is substantially non-conducting. |
| US08193861B2 |
Differential amplifier
A Provided is a differential amplifier in which a current flowing into an output transistor may be adjusted to a constant value even when a voltage of a non-inverting input terminal changes. A current flowing through the differential amplifier circuit is controlled by a current source, a current value of which is changed depending on the voltage of the non-inverting input terminal. |
| US08193856B2 |
Amplifier and switched capacitor amplifier circuit
An amplifier (V) for an integrated circuit amplifier circuit (IC) having a switched capacitor circuit (Cs, Cf) includes a capacitor for frequency compensation (CC1) that is connected in parallel to an amplifier stage (V2). This amplifier is advantageous because at least one second capacitor for frequency compensation (CC2) is selectively connected in parallel to the first capacitor for frequency compensation (CC1) via a switch controlled by a capacitor switching signal (clk). |
| US08193854B2 |
Bi-directional trimming methods and circuits for a precise band-gap reference
A bandgap reference circuit has trimming-up resistors and trimming-down resistors for bi-directional trimming. PNP transistors have base and collectors grounded and emitters connected to parallel resistors. A difference resistor drives an inverting input of an op amp that drives a transistor that generates the bandgap reference voltage Vbg. A sensing resistor connects Vbg to a splitting node that connects to the non-inverting input through a first parallel resistor. The splitting node also connects through a second parallel resistor to the inverting input. Fuses or switches enable the trimming-up and trimming-down resistors. The trimming-up resistors are in series with the sensing resistor and the trimming-down resistors are in series with an output resistor that connects Vbg to reference voltage Vref. The circuit can be designed for a more typical process since bi-directional trimming allows Vref to be raised or lowered. Many circuits need no trimming when targeted for the typical process. |
| US08193853B2 |
Efficiency and thermal improvement of a charge pump by mixing different input voltages
For a charge pump, a control circuit switches two or more input voltages to apply to one or more pumping capacitors under auto-sensing control to modulate a maximum pumping voltage as close as to a demanded output voltage to thereby reduce the difference between the maximum pumping voltage and the output voltage for efficiency and thermal improvement of the charge pump. The maximum pumping voltage is produced by mixing the different input voltages and the charge pump may provide more operation modes. |
| US08193848B2 |
Power switching devices having controllable surge current capabilities
Semiconductor switching devices include a wide band-gap power transistor, a wide band-gap surge current transistor that coupled in parallel to the power transistor, and a wide band-gap driver transistor that is configured to drive the surge current transistor. Substantially all of the on-state output current of the semiconductor switching device flows through the channel of the power transistor when a drain-source voltage of the power transistor is within a first voltage range, which range may correspond, for example, to the drain-source voltages expected during normal operation. In contrast, the semiconductor switching device is further configured so that in the on-state the output current flows through both the surge current transistor and the channel of the power transistor when the drain-source voltage of the power transistor is within a second, higher voltage range. |
| US08193842B2 |
Frequency synthesizer
There is provided a frequency synthesizer. The frequency synthesizer includes a frequency oscillator adjusting an output frequency according to a control bit; a programmable divider having a preset minimum division ratio, the programming divider dividing the output frequency of the frequency oscillator at a variable division ratio; a counter unit receiving an output signal of the programmable divider and a reference frequency to generate a count value by counting rising edges of the output signal of the programmable divider during one cycle of the reference frequency, and outputting a first hit signal when the count value is 1, and outputting a second hit signal when the count value is 2; and a phase detection unit outputting a control bit obtained by subtracting a fractional error of the output signal of the programmable divider from a fractional error at a locked phase obtained from the count value and the reference frequency. |
| US08193836B2 |
Techniques for measuring voltages in a circuit
A circuit includes a comparator, a resistor divider, a control circuit, a multiplexer, and a programmable gain amplifier. The comparator is operable to measure an internal voltage of the circuit based on a selected reference voltage. The resistor divider is operable to generate reference voltages. The control circuit is operable to generate a select signal based on an output signal of the comparator. The multiplexer is operable to select one of the reference voltages from the resistor divider as the selected reference voltage based on the select signal. The programmable gain amplifier is configurable to generate a compensation voltage to compensate for an offset voltage of the comparator. The compensation voltage is provided to an input of the comparator. |
| US08193834B2 |
Multiple detection circuit for accessory jacks
This document discusses, among other things, a multiple accessory detection apparatus and methods for identifying accessories coupled to a multi-pin connector of an electronic device. The apparatus can include a first reference generator, a second reference generator, a plurality of switches to couple an output of the second generator to an accessory device and a comparator. The comparator can generate identifying information about the accessory device using the reference information received from the first reference generator and test information received using the second reference generator. |
| US08193833B2 |
Semiconductor integrated circuit for monitoring characteristics of a semiconductor chip
Provided is a semiconductor integrated circuit that includes a monitoring circuit for monitoring characteristics of a semiconductor chip. The semiconductor integrated circuit comprises a first terminal with a first voltage and a second terminal with a second voltage. The semiconductor integrated circuit also comprises an inverter chain circuit comprising a plurality of inverters connected in cascade. Each of the plurality of inverters includes a first transistor and a second transistor. The first transistors included in the inverters located at either odd-number orders or even-number orders counted from an input terminal side of an inverter chain circuit function as pre-charge transistors. The pre-charge transistors have a conductivity type different from a conductivity type of the first transistors other then the pre-charge transistors. |
| US08193831B1 |
Method and apparatus for reducing power consumption in a digital circuit by controlling the clock
A method and apparatus that controls the clock of a digital circuit, and therefore power consumption, without substantially comprising performance is provided. The apparatus may include monitoring the utilization of a First in First Out (FIFO) buffer. For example in a systems and methods according to the invention, clock speed may be reduced when the FIFO is relatively empty and increased when the FIFO is relatively full. The clock speed may be controlled by a phase locked loop, a clock divider, a clock masking device or a combination of more than one of these methods. Power reduction may also be obtained by controlling the clocking of different stages of a pipelined device. One or more aspects of the inventions may be implemented in combination with other aspects of the invention to further reduce power use. |
| US08193826B2 |
Auto probe device and method of testing liquid crystal panel using the same
An auto probe device used in a method of testing a plurality of signal lines of a liquid crystal panel includes a printed circuit board having a shorting bar, a flexible printed circuit board having a plurality of connection patterns electrically connected to the shorting bar of the printed circuit board, and a plurality of contact pins contacting the plurality of pads formed in a non-display area of the liquid crystal panel. Such an auto probe device reduces a defect generation rate in a lighting test of the liquid crystal panel so that accuracy of the lighting test may be improved. |
| US08193825B2 |
Test circuit and method for an electronic device
A test circuit for an electronic device including a liquid crystal display (LCD) device. The LCD device includes a pulse width modulator (PWM) to provide voltages to a display panel of the LCD device, a plurality of feedback circuits to output feedback voltages to the PWM, and a power supply to provide an operating voltage for the PWM. When the electronic device is in a test mode, the feedback circuits respectively decrease the feedback voltages, such that the PWM increases the voltages output to the display panel according to the feedback voltages, the increased voltages reach predetermined test voltages and test the electronic device. |
| US08193824B2 |
Monitoring plasma induced damage during semiconductor wafer processes
A plasma damage detection test structure is disclosed. The plasma damage detection test structure includes a first antenna, a voltage source, a ground reference, a first transistor comprising a first source, a first gate, and a first drain. The plasma damage detection test structure further includes a second transistor comprising a second source, a second gate, and a second drain. The first gate is conductively coupled to said first antenna, said first drain and said second drain are conductively coupled to said voltage source, and said first source and said second source are conductively coupled to said ground reference. In various embodiments multiple antennas may be used. The antennas may be multiple configurations, such as a symmetric arrangement or asymmetric arrangement. In various embodiments, multiple transistors in parallel or cross-couple arrangements may be used. |
| US08193819B2 |
Method and apparatus for improving yield ratio of testing
A method and apparatus for improving yield ratio of testing are disclosed. The method includes the following steps. First of all, devices are tested and electromagnetic interference is measured. Next, the test results are examined for whether the devices pass the test or not. Then, electromagnetic interference data are examined for whether the electromagnetic interference data are over a predetermined standard if the devices fail the test. The above-mentioned steps are performed again if the electromagnetic interference data are over a predetermined standard. The test is terminated if the devices still fail the test and the values of electromagnetic interference are still over a predetermined standard. |
| US08193817B2 |
Input channel diagnostics
Input channel diagnostics for an industrial process control system that provides improved apparatus and methods relating to fault containment, overload protection and input channel diagnostics. The input circuit includes one or more series resistors that have a total resistance that is at least two orders of magnitude greater than the magnitude of the resistance of a conditioned sensor signal source. |
| US08193815B2 |
Photodiode self-test
A photodetector array (142) includes a plurality of photodetector cells (202) such as avalanche photodiodes (208) and readout circuits (210). An array self-tester (226) tests a dark count or other performance characteristic of the cells (202). The test is performed in connection with the manufacture of the array (142) or following the installation of the array (142) in a detection system (100). |
| US08193813B2 |
Measurement of formation parameters using rotating directional EM antenna
A logging tool and method to make subsurface measurements is disclosed, wherein the tool is placed within a borehole penetrating a formation. The tool has a transmitter antenna and a receiver antenna spaced apart along a longitudinal axis of the tool, and at least one of the transmitter or receiver antennas has a dipole moment that is non-coaxial with the longitudinal axis of the tool. The at least one non-coaxial antenna can rotate relative to the other antenna. Energy is transmitted from the transmitter antenna and a signal associated with the transmitted energy is measured at the receiver antenna while the at least one non-coaxial antenna rotates relative to the other antenna. |
| US08193812B2 |
Transceive surface coil array for magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy
A surface coil array comprises a surface coil support and an arrangement of non-overlapping magnetically decoupled surface coils mounted on the support. The surface coils encompass a volume into which a target to be imaged is placed. Magnetic decoupling circuits act between adjacent surface coils. Impedance matching circuitry couples the surface coils to conventional transmit and receive components. |
| US08193808B2 |
Optically integrated biosensor based on optically detected magnetic resonance
An optically integrated magnetic biosensor includes an optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) center and a fluidics layer configured to contain a solution comprising analytes, the fluidics layer being disposed over the ODMR center. A light source which generates incident light excites electrons within the ODMR center from a ground state to an excited state and a radio frequency (RF) antenna generates an RF field incident with frequencies which correspond to ground state transitions in the ODMR center. The ODMR center produces emitted light when illuminated by the incident light. The characteristics of the emitted light are influenced by the RF field and magnetic nanoparticles attached to the analytes. A method for detecting analytes using optically detected magnetic resonance is also provided. |
| US08193806B2 |
Object detecting apparatus
An object detecting apparatus that detects an object including a magnetic body including: a detection signal acquiring unit that acquires a detection signal based on a magnetic signal; a disturbance source detection signal storage unit that stores a detection signal of a disturbance source that generates a disturbance component with respect to the detection signal; a determining unit that determines whether the detection signal acquired by the detection signal acquiring unit contains the disturbance component; an amplitude correction unit that corrects an amplitude of the disturbance source detection signal and generates an amplitude-corrected disturbance source detection signal; a disturbance component suppression unit that generates a determination signal by suppressing the disturbance component contained in the detection signal; and an object determination unit that determines whether the object is the object to be detected based on the determination signal. |
| US08193801B2 |
Method and a device for feeding DC power to an amplifier module for a pulsed load
A method for feeding DC power to an amplifier module for a pulsed load, the method comprising providing current pulses from a DC power supply; charging a capacitor configuration in the amplifier module; providing an output voltage via a voltage regulated power supply; feeding current pulses to the pulsed load from the capacitor configuration, determining an output current (Iout) pulse configuration appearing during feeding the load from the capacitor configuration; providing a pulsed input current (Iin) from the DC power supply based upon the determined output pulsed current; and limiting the maximum current level of the input current pulses to a pre-determined level by a control and pulse shaping circuit to be substantially lower compared to the peak current of the output current pulses. |
| US08193799B2 |
Interposer including voltage regulator and method therefor
A device that includes an electronic device referred to as an integrated circuit interposer is disclosed. The integrated circuit includes a voltage regulator module. The interposer is attached to an electronic device, such as another integrated circuit, and facilitates control and distribution of power to the electronic device. The integrated circuit interposer can also conduct signaling between the attached electronic device and another electronic device. The voltage regulator module at the integrated circuit interposer can be configured to provide a voltage reference signal to the attached electronic device. Generation of the voltage reference signal by the integrated circuit interposer can be enabled or disabled and the value of the voltage reference signal can be adjusted, depending on operating requirements of the electronic device. |
| US08193797B2 |
Self-oscillating switched mode converter with valley detection
An energy converter is disclosed in which self oscillation mode operation is improved by a closed loop feedback control. The feedback control utilizes the voltage error from the voltage valley in the drain voltage (Vdrain) of the converter switch (1), to determine an error (E(n)) in the time domain. Control circuitry (61, 62, 63) is used to minimize this time-domain error (E(n)) to optimize the control of the switch mode converter. |
| US08193795B2 |
Output current and input power regulation with a power converter
A power converter circuit senses the output voltage (Vo) and controls the converter's duty cycle (d1) to provide a steady output current (Io) or input power (Pin) in each switching cycle (T). During an initial period (Tramp), the controller provides a possibly smaller target current (Iramp) to reduce the system stress while the output voltage rises to a suitable value (InitVtar). |
| US08193787B2 |
System and method for regulating RMS voltage delivered to a load
A system and method for regulating the root mean square (RMS) voltage delivered to a load by an alternating current (AC) electrical circuit having a line voltage. To avoid radio frequency interference (RFI), the load is disconnected from the AC electrical circuit when energy stored in the load is at or near zero and is reconnected when the line voltage is at or near zero. Inductive loads are disconnected when the line current is at or near zero while capacitive loads are disconnected when the line voltage is at or near zero. The duration of the disconnection does not exceed one half-cycle of the fundamental frequency. Disconnections alternate between removing positive voltage half-cycles and negative voltage half-cycles to avoid a direct current (DC) bias. A system incorporating digital logic elements is provided for implementing the method and for detecting whether the load is inductive or capacitive. |
| US08193784B2 |
Bidirectional DC to DC converter for power storage control in a power scavenging application
A bidirectional DC to DC converter having a first operational mode and a second operational mode includes a first terminal pair that has a positive terminal and a negative terminal and that connects the converter to a first electric circuit, a second terminal pair that has a positive terminal and a negative terminal and that connects the converter to a second electric circuit, an accumulation element for temporary accumulation of electric energy; and a switching circuit connected to the first terminal pair, the second terminal pair, and the accumulation element. Electric energy is transferred from the first electric circuit to the second electric circuit via the accumulation element in the first operational mode of the bidirectional DC to DC converter and, from the second electric circuit to the first electric circuit via the accumulation element in the second operational mode of the DC to DC converter. |
| US08193783B2 |
Permanent magnet generator having passive flux control
A permanent magnet generator assembly has a permanent magnet generator with magnetic flux control windings, a passive rectifier, and a passive control element. The passive control element electrically connects an output of the passive rectifier to the magnetic flux control windings. |
| US08193782B2 |
Abnormality detection apparatus
The abnormality detection apparatus includes a first function of measuring a first temperature of a first portion of the abnormality detection apparatus, the first temperature having a correlation with a second temperature of a second portion of a vehicle alternator, a second function of integrating a stress depending on a temperature variation of the first portion on the basis of the first temperature measured by the first function, a third function of predicting occurrence of abnormality in the second portion depending on the stress integrated by the second function, and a fourth function of issuing an alarm when the third function predicts occurrence of abnormality. |
| US08193779B2 |
Battery charging and discharging by using a bi-directional transistor
A battery charger for an electronic device receives current limited power from an external power source, such as a Universal Serial Bus power interface. The battery charger can linearly regulate a charging current to an internal battery and limit the charging current so as not to demand current in excess of what the external power source can provide. A bi-directional pass element coupled between a system power terminal and the internal battery controls the charging current and effectively isolates the internal battery from a system load during charging of the battery while providing a low impedance path from the internal battery to the system load during discharging of the battery. |
| US08193778B2 |
Method of charging a battery array
The method of charging a battery array performs constant current and constant voltage charging of a battery array while detecting the voltage of each battery. The battery array is a plurality of series connected batteries. The charge method detects the voltage of each battery cell at a prescribed sampling rate. When the voltage of any battery cell exceeds a preset maximum specified voltage, charging power is reduced for constant current, constant voltage charging of the battery array. |
| US08193776B2 |
Charger system and method
Systems and methods of providing power through a Universal Serial Bus connector are provided. A charging system comprises an interface configured to receive power, a power converter coupled to the power source interface, the power converter configured to use the received power to generate power output, and a charging controller configured to control an amount of power provided at the USB connector on the power lines derived from the power output, and configured to generate an identification signal on the USB connector's two data lines, the identification signal usable to indicate the charger is not subject to standard USB power limitations, the identification signal provided through the use of a resistance between the D+ and D− data lines. |
| US08193775B2 |
Hysteresis switch and electricity charging module using the same
An electricity charging module using a hysteresis switch includes a storage capacitor that preliminarily stores electrical energy supplied from an external power source, a charging unit for preventing over-charging or over-discharging through monitoring of the charging state of the rechargeable battery, and a hysteresis switch that has a larger turn-on voltage level than the turn-off voltage level, and located between the storage capacitor and the charging unit, thereby electrically connecting or disconnecting the storage capacitor with the charging unit. The hysteresis switch includes a first voltage dividing resistor pair that divides the voltage of an external power source by the resistance ratio of the first voltage dividing resistor pair, a second voltage dividing resistor pair whose one end is connected to a positive electrode terminal of the external power source, a first switching device whose control terminal is connected to the junction of the voltage dividing resistors of the second voltage dividing resistor pair, a second switching device whose control terminal is connected to the junction of the voltage dividing resistors of the first voltage dividing resistor pair, and a resistor that is connected to the junction between the first electrode terminal of the second switching device and the junction of the voltage dividing resistors of the first voltage dividing resistor pair. |
| US08193774B2 |
Battery pack
In a battery pack including a protection circuit, a series circuit of a thermistor and a resistor is disposed in a vicinity of a secondary battery and connected in parallel with the secondary battery. A connection detecting circuit is disposed to detect connection of a charging device to the battery pack. A comparator is disposed to compare a voltage of a junction point of the thermistor and the resistor with a reference voltage corresponding to a predetermined temperature. A gate circuit is disposed to activate an output signal of the comparator only when the connection of the charging device is detected. The protection circuit is arranged so that, when a temperature of the secondary battery exceeds the predetermined temperature, a switch element is turned off in accordance with the output signal of the comparator activated. |
| US08193773B2 |
Electronic system for a battery
An electronic system for a battery designed to supply electrical power to an application, such as in an aircraft, that includes a main power supply, comprises a charging circuit (30) with a charger (K3C), a first battery discharging circuit (20) in parallel with the charging circuit, a component ensuring continuity of discharge (D3) and an electronic control unit adapted to control opening and closing of the discharge switch (K2) and adapted to control said charger (K3C). The control unit keeps the battery charged as long as it is not being called on to discharge and interrupts battery charging and sets the discharge switch (K2) to the closed position when a call for power is detected from the application, the component ensuring continuity of discharge (D3) allowing passage of a discharge current during a transitional phase of closing of the discharge switch (K2). |
| US08193766B2 |
Time remaining to charge an implantable medical device, charger indicator, system and method therefore
System and method for estimating a time to recharge a rechargeable power source of an implantable medical device. A plurality of measured parameters relating to the implantable medical device and an external charging device are applied to a model of recharging performance and an estimate is provided to a patient, perhaps in advance of charging. Once charging has begun, updated estimates can be provided until charging is complete. Once charging is complete, the model may be updated to reflect any differences in the estimated time to complete charging and the actual time required to complete charging. The model may be based on limitations to the rate at which charge may be transferred to the rechargeable power source over a plurality of intervals. |
| US08193763B2 |
Battery apparatus, battery control apparatus, and motor drive unit
The present invention provides enhanced serial communication reliability in a situation where a plurality of cell controllers and a battery controller are daisy-chained to form a serial communication configuration. While the plurality of cell controllers and the battery controller are daisy-chained to form a serial communication configuration, the battery controller or each cell controller includes a communication speed detection means, which detects the communication speed of data input from an additional controller, and a reception timing correction means, which corrects the reception timing for data input from the additional controller in accordance with the communication speed detected by the communication speed detection means. |
| US08193761B1 |
Hybrid power source
A hybrid power system is comprised of a high energy density element such as a fuel-cell and high power density elements such as a supercapacitor banks. A DC/DC converter electrically connected to the fuel cell and converting the energy level of the energy supplied by the fuel cell. A first switch is electrically connected to the DC/DC converter. First and second supercapacitors are electrically connected to the first switch and a second switch. A controller is connected to the first switch and the second switch, monitoring charge levels of the supercapacitors and controls the switching in response to the charge levels. A load is electrically connected to the second switch. The first switch connects the DC/DC converter to the first supercapacitor when the second switch connects the second supercapacitor to the load. The first switch connects the DC/DC converter to the second supercapacitor when the second switch connects the first supercapacitor to the load. |
| US08193758B2 |
Circuits and methods for power conversion
A power conversion circuit includes a solar panel and a power converter. The solar panel is operable for providing electric power having an output voltage. The power converter coupled to the solar panel is capable of selectively operating in a charging mode and a powering mode. The power converter transfers the electric power from the solar panel to a power source and maintains the output voltage at a threshold voltage in the charging mode. The power converter delivers power from the power source to a load in the powering mode. |
| US08193756B2 |
Variable speed drive for permanent magnet motor
A drive system for a compressor of a chiller system includes a variable speed drive. The variable speed drive is arranged to receive an input AC voltage at a fixed AC input voltage and provide an output AC power at a variable voltage and variable frequency. The variable speed drive includes a converter connected to an AC power source providing the input AC voltage. The converter is arranged to convert the input AC voltage to a DC voltage. A DC link is connected to the converter. The DC link filters and stores the DC voltage from the converter. An inverter is connected to the DC link. A motor connectable to the compressor for powering the compressor. An active filter connected in parallel with the motor. The active filter is arranged to generate high frequency currents having a magnitude and opposite polarity, with respect to the output AC power of the variable speed drive. The high frequency currents generated by active filter substantially cancel out high frequency currents flowing into the motor. |
| US08193755B2 |
Actuator
An actuator comprising a reversible electric motor, which over a gearing, drives an activation element which can move back and forth. The activation element is of the non-self-locking type. Furthermore the motor and gearing are of a non self locking type. A brake holds the activation element in any position, when the electric motor is inactive, said brake can be released by means of a release mechanism. The motor is used as generator when the brake is released and the generator voltage from it is used to adjust the velocity of the activation element. Thus, a quick release is provided, where the activation element can be disengaged and adjusted evading gear and motor, and where the movement of the activation element, during the disengagement, occurs with a controlled velocity. |
| US08193753B2 |
Motor controller and electric power tool having the same
A motor controller is provided with a velocity processing unit that determines a corrected target rotation velocity by correcting the inputted target rotation velocity of the motor in accordance with a velocity deviation between the inputted target rotation velocity and an actual rotation velocity detected from the motor, a first PWM circuit that repeatedly outputs an on-signal having a first pulse width at a first carrier frequency, wherein the first pulse width of the on-signal is modulated by the first PWM circuit in accordance with the corrected target rotation velocity, a second PWM circuit that repeatedly outputs an on-signal having a second pulse width at a second carrier frequency, wherein the second pulse width is different from the first pulse width, the second carrier frequency is lower than the first carrier frequency, and the second pulse width of the on-signal is modulated by the second PWM circuit in accordance with the corrected target rotation velocity, an AND circuit that receives the on-signal outputted from the first PWM circuit and the on-signal outputted from the second PWM circuit and outputs third on-signal which is a logical product of the on-signals, and a voltage apply circuit that applies voltage to the motor intermittently in synchronization with the third on-signal outputted from the AND circuit. As a result, the rotation velocity of the motor may be correctly controlled. |
| US08193750B2 |
Electrical machine arrangement
Electrical machine arrangements have advantages with regard to providing local electrical power and starting. Embedding such electrical machine arrangements in machinery such as gas turbine engines is advantageous in removing mechanical linkages and reducing aerodynamic drag. However, the components utilized must be able to withstand harsh environmental conditions and therefore the DC link capacitor used for smoothing of voltage fluctuations are limited to relatively low capacitance densities. Low density DC link capacitors require large sizes which render electrical machines less acceptable for embedded usage. By providing offset of electrical current in inductance elements such as stator windings and stator coils of electrical machines in dead periods of the cycle a reduction in DC link capacitor requirements is achieved reducing the size, weight and complexity of installing electrical machines in gas turbine engines. |
| US08193747B2 |
Methods, systems and apparatus for controlling operation of two alternating current (AC) machines
A system is provided for controlling two alternating current (AC) machines via a five-phase PWM inverter module. The system comprises a first control loop, a second control loop, and a current command adjustment module. The current command adjustment module operates in conjunction with the first control loop and the second control loop to continuously adjust current command signals that control the first AC machine and the second AC machine such that they share the input voltage available to them without compromising the target mechanical output power of either machine. This way, even when the phase voltage available to either one of the machines decreases, that machine outputs its target mechanical output power. |
| US08193746B2 |
Automotive electric motor speed control system
An automotive electric motor speed control system may include at least one electric motor adapted to cause a moveable element to move, a DC/DC power converter configured to output a voltage to the at least one electric motor that increases to a desired value and subsequently decreases to control the movement of the moveable element, and a controller configured to control the rate of voltage increase and voltage decrease output by the converter. |
| US08193743B2 |
Control device for electric rotating machine and method of controlling the machine
A control device has a unit for preparing a pattern having first and second periods by comparing a triangular wave and a sine wave having an amplitude ratio set at each value of a modulation factor, and selecting one pattern corresponding to an instructed modulation factor, and a unit for applying a controlled voltage, set at low and high levels in response to first and second periods of the selected pattern, to a generator. The triangular wave has a cycle duration obtained by dividing the cycle duration of the generator by product of 3 and odd number, a crest having a level higher than the sine wave at a timing of each first period, and a trough having a level lower than the sine wave at a timing of each second period. |
| US08193724B2 |
Power supply apparatus
In the power supply apparatus which performs voltage conversion of an input voltage (Vbat), with a predetermined set voltage as a target value, and outputs the converted voltage, a boost ratio setting unit sets a boost ratio (XCP) of the charge pump circuit based on the input voltage (Vbat) and a predetermined set voltage. A voltage adjustment unit is a regulator circuit, and adjusts voltage (Vx) so that output voltage (Vout) of the charge pump circuit approaches the set voltage. An output voltage setting unit generates a predetermined set voltage as a digital value (Dset). An A/D converter performs analog-digital conversion of the input voltage (Vbat). The boost ratio setting unit sets the boost ratio based on a result of comparing an input voltage (Ddet) that has undergone analog-digital conversion, and the set voltage (Dset). |
| US08193721B2 |
Backlight unit
The present invention relates to a backlight unit that includes at least one first light emitting diode (LED) package and at least one second LED package, wherein the first LED package includes a blue LED chip, a green LED chip, and a first phosphor, the first phosphor being excited by blue light and to emit light to be mixed with blue light and green light respectively emitted from the blue LED chip and the green LED chip, the first LED package to thereby emit white light; the second LED package includes a blue LED chip, a red LED chip, and a second phosphor, the second phosphor being excited by blue light and to emit light to be mixed with blue light and red light respectively emitted from the blue LED chip and the red LED chip, the second LED package to thereby emit white light; and the first LED package and the second LED package are alternately arranged. |
| US08193717B2 |
Controller and method for controlling an intensity of a light emitting diode (LED) using a conventional AC dimmer
A flicker-free method and a control circuit is used in conjunction with a conventional AC dimmer coupled to a main-AC supply to continuously control an intensity of a Light Emitting Diode (LED) over substantially a full range of the dimmer. The control circuit has a controllable source of DC voltage that is configured for coupling to at least one LED and that is powered independently of an output of the AC dimmer thereby isolating the LED voltage from the output of the AC dimmer; and a controller coupled to the source of DC voltage. The controller is powered independently of the output of the AC dimmer and is responsive to a firing angle of the AC dimmer for varying a level of the DC voltage as a function of said firing angle. |
| US08193710B2 |
Lamp with at least one base
A lamp with a light emission element arranged in a light-emitting tube, external leads for supplying energy to the light emission element, an antioxidant layer covering said external leads, sealing portions sealing metal foils connected electrically to the external leads and a base fixed via an adhesive to said sealing portions. The adhesive that fixes the base does not directly contact the antioxidant layer since an intermediate layer made of a material which does not react with the alkali in the adhesive is provided at a periphery of the antioxidant layer of the external lead, and the base is fixed by the adhesive being provided at an outer periphery of the intermediate layer. |
| US08193709B2 |
Plasma display panel
A plasma display panel includes a pair of substrates facing each other, barrier ribs defining discharge cells between the pair of substrates, sustain electrodes between the pair of substrates, the sustain electrodes including second bus electrodes along a first direction, the second bus electrodes being on the barrier ribs, scan electrodes between the pair of substrates, the scan electrodes including first bus electrodes along the first direction, the first bus electrodes being positioned between adjacent second bus electrodes, address electrodes between the pair of substrates, the address, scan, and sustain electrodes being configured to generate discharge in the discharge cells, and phosphors in the discharge cells, the phosphors being configured to emit light by the discharge. |
| US08193706B2 |
Plasma display device and multi plasma display device
A plasma display device and a multi plasma display device are disclosed. The plasma display device includes a front substrate, a rear substrate opposite the front substrate, an electrode between the front substrate and the rear substrate, a seal layer between the front substrate and the rear substrate, a driving board positioned in the rear of the rear substrate, and a flexible circuit board electrically connecting the driving board to the electrode. The flexible circuit board is electrically connected to a side surface of the electrode. |
| US08193703B2 |
Organic light emitting diode display that directs reflected light to improve visibility
An OLED display includes a first substrate including a thin film transistor and an OLED, and a second substrate on the first substrate and including a corner-cube pattern facing the first substrate. |
| US08193702B2 |
Method of light dispersion and preferential scattering of certain wavelengths of light-emitting diodes and bulbs constructed therefrom
A method for preferential scattering of certain wavelengths of light and/or dispersing light in an LED or LED bulb. The method includes emitting light from at least one LED die, and scattering the light from the at least one LED die by dispersing a plurality of particles having a size a fraction of at least one dominant wavelength of the light from the at least one LED die in the LED outer shell or in an LED bulb or in an at least one shell of an LED bulb. Alternatively, the method includes emitting light from the at least one LED die, and dispersing the light from the at least one LED die by distributing a plurality of particles having a size one to a few times larger than a dominant wavelength of the light from the LED in an outer shell, or body of the LED bulb. |
| US08193701B2 |
Stilbene derivatives, light-emitting element and light-emitting device
The present invention provides a novel substance having an excellent color purity of blue, a light-emitting element and a light-emitting device using the novel substance. A stilbene derivative has a structure shown by the general formula (1). In the general formula (1), R1 is hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or an aryl group having 6 to 25 carbon atoms. R2 is an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or an aryl group having 6 to 25 carbon atoms. Each of R3 to R5 is hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Ar1 is an aryl group having 6 to 25 carbon atoms. |
| US08193697B2 |
Light-emitting element and display device using same
A light-emitting device includes a substrate and a light-emitting element formed on the substrate. The light-emitting element includes a stacked layer structure portion including a reflective electrode, a light-emitting layer on the reflective electrode and a transparent electrode on the light-emitting layer which are stacked over the substrate with the reflective electrode as a bottom layer, the light-emitting layer having a flat surface provided at least on a portion of the light-emitting layer. A bank is disposed in a peripheral area surrounding the flat surface or on a peripheral portion of the flat surface and has a tilt surface tilted with respect to the flat surface. A conductive film is at least provided on the tilt surface and is electrically connected with the transparent electrode, and forms a reflective surface on the tilt surface, and an optical waveguide layer is provided in an area surrounded by the tilt surface. |
| US08193694B2 |
Electroluminescent device with improved light decoupling
An electroluminescent device includes a substrate and a sandwich consisting of a first electrode, an electroluminescent layer and a second electrode. To improve decoupling of light from the electro-luminescent device, a layer comprising conductive particles adjoins the first or second electrode. |
| US08193693B2 |
Image display device and light emission device
An image display device including a light emission section which emits light to an intensity adjusting section and a wavelength conversion section which change the intensity and wavelength of the emitted light. Phosphors and phosphor like materials are employed in wavelength conversion and a liquid crystal is employed for the light adjustment. The light emission device may include plural semiconductor light emitting elements having a different wavelength ranges such as diodes stacked in a compact and predetermined order such that wavelengths of light from each diode are emitted from the light emitting elements. |
| US08193689B2 |
Metal halide lamp shrouding
A discharge lamp such as a shrouded metal halide lamp is designed to reduce the potential for arcing under hot restart or restrike voltages. A stepped conformation of the pinch seal region limits arcing within the shroud while different dimensions of stems in the base increase the distance between outer lead wires in the base to prevent arcing externally of the shroud. |
| US08193687B2 |
Piezoelectric/electrostrictive ceramics sintered body having a banded structure
An alkali niobate-based piezoelectric/electrostrictive ceramics sintered body including, as a main crystal phase, a perovskite type oxide containing at least one type of element selected from the group consisting of Li, Na and K as A site constituent elements and at least one type of element selected from the group consisting of Nb and Ta as B site constituent elements. The number of lattice-strained layers of the piezoelectric/electrostrictive ceramics sintered body is preferably small. A diffuse scattering intensity ratio, which is a ratio of an intensity of diffuse scattering by a lattice-strained layer present near a domain wall to a sum of an X-ray diffraction intensity of a first lattice plane and that of a second lattice plane different in interplanar spacing from the first lattice plane due to crystallographic symmetry reduction is preferably 0.5 or lower. |
| US08193684B2 |
V-shaped or U-shaped piezoelectric device for generating an electrical voltage
A piezoelectric device for generating an electrical voltage, comprises a vibrating plate having a portion integral with a fixed support and at least one free end capable of moving under the effect of a mechanical pulse, and at least one piezoelectric element attached to one face of the plate so as to deform under the effect of the oscillations of the plate that result from said mechanical pulse, thus generating an electrical voltage.The plate has a U-shaped or V-shaped general configuration, possessing two substantially planar branches joined by a curved linking portion integral with the support. |
| US08193679B2 |
Polyphase transverse and/or commutated flux systems
Disclosed are single- and poly-phase transverse and/or commutated flux machines and components thereof, and methods of making and using the same. Exemplary devices, including polyphase devices, may variously be configured with an interior rotor and/or an interior stator. Other exemplary devices, including polyphase devices, may be configured in a slim, stacked, and/or nested configuration. Via use of such polyphase configurations, transverse and/or commutated flux machines can achieve improved performance, efficiency, and/or be sized or otherwise configured for various applications. |
| US08193678B2 |
Coil unit for motor stator
A coil unit for a motor stator includes a plurality of layout layers. At least one coil and a conductive portion electrically connected to the at least one coil are formed on a surface of each layout layer. The conductive portions of two adjacent layout layers are electrically connected to each other. An insulting layer is provided between two adjacent layout layers. The coil unit can be coupled to a face of a substrate to form a motor stator with reduced axial height and reduced volume. |
| US08193674B2 |
Arrangement with generator bars for a stator of an electrical generator
An arrangement having at least two generator bars for a stator of an electrical generator which are electrically connected to one another via a respective bar end is characterized, according to the invention, by the fact that the respective bar ends, which are electrically connected to one another, of the at least two generator bars are braced with respect to one another by means of a tape. |
| US08193672B2 |
Interior permanent magnet type brushless direct current motor
Disclosed is an interior permanent magnet type brushless direct current (BLDC) motor including a stator having a plurality of slots wound in a distributed winding manner, and a rotor positioned in the stator, configured to rotate with respect to the stator, and having a rotor core, a plurality of permanent magnets inserted in the rotor core and a plurality of flux barriers, wherein a flux barrier angle of the rotor is determined by multiples of twenty as an electrical angle and the multiples of twenty relates to a number of slots of the stator. |
| US08193671B2 |
Electric motor
Provided is an electric motor which is simple to design and manufacture, and can be operated by a small current. The electric motor is comprised of a stator 55 having a first disk 45 and a second disk 50, a first ring core 10 having a first switching winding 15 divided into a winding part and a gap part, a second ring core 12 having a second switching winding 20 divided into a winding part and a gap part, and a first rotor 35 having a third disk 25 and a second rotor 40 having a fourth disk 30 mutually connected by a driving shaft 60. The first and second switching windings 15, 20 include first and second power supplies 125-1, -2, and first and second switches 75-1, -2, respectively. |
| US08193669B2 |
High power rotary device
A high power rotary device includes a stator comprising a plurality of wire coils each surrounding a non-magnetizable core; a rotor with permanent magnets embedded therein, the rotor being disposed adjacent to the stator, the rotor being mounted on a rotatable drive shaft; a position sensor operably connected to the rotor; and a control circuit operably connected to the position sensor and the wire coils to activate the wire coils. In this motor the control circuit transfers electrical charge from a first coil to a second coil. |
| US08193667B2 |
Automotive alternator
An automotive alternator is provided that reduces exclusive circumferential space for a regulator assembly inside a rear bracket, and that also increases performance in cooling the regulator assembly and a rectifier by ensuring that flows of air that cool the regulator assembly and the rectifier do not interfere with each other.An approximately C-shaped rectifier is disposed in a vicinity of a rotating shaft, and a regulator assembly is disposed between two end portions of the approximate C shape of the rectifier. A brush holder portion, a regulator circuit housing portion, and a connector portion that constitute a regulator assembly are positioned such that respective center lines thereof are in a common plane that includes a central axis of the rotating shaft. A partitioning wall is disposed so as to project from an inner wall surface of the rear bracket so as to separate a rectifier cooling airflow passage for cooling the rectifier and a regulator circuit cooling airflow passage for cooling the regulator circuit by stopping circumferential flow of air that is sucked in through the suction aperture to cool the rectifier and the regulator circuit respectively. |
| US08193666B2 |
Motor and compressor technology
An interior permanent magnet type brushless direct current (BLDC) motor includes a stator having a plurality of slots. The BLDC motor also includes a rotor positioned in the stator and that is rotatable with respect to the stator. The rotor has a rotor core, a plurality of permanent magnets inserted in the rotor core, a plurality of vent holes positioned between the center of the rotor core and the permanent magnets, and a plurality of coupling holes positioned between the permanent magnets and a periphery of the rotor core. |
| US08193654B2 |
Variable speed power generator having two induction generators on a common shaft
A variable speed power generator system, includes a primary power induction generator (12), a secondary control induction (14), each of the induction generators having a rotor (22, 24) mounted so as to be rotated by a common shaft (16) of a variable speed prime mover (20), an inverter (50) connected to the stator (15) of the secondary control induction generator, a controller (30) connected to the inverter controls the output of the inverter, output of the primary induction generator is connected to the grid (51), controller provides output signal to the inverter based on selected inputs to the controller so that the output of the primary induction generator matches the active and reactive power requirements of the grid. An induction machine which includes a rotor having laminations and insulated cage bars, the bars being electrically isolated from on another as well as electrically insulated from the laminations. |
| US08193653B2 |
Automatic pitch turbine
A turbine that will produce useful mechanical force from the dynamic force of the sea wave. This is done by rectifying the bidirectional force obtained from such wave. This turbine will produce a unidirectional rotation from the bidirectional force of the wave. The turbine will adjust the pitch of its blades automatically as the air flow inside the pipe changes direction, The air flow will change the pitch of the blade, because the blade is mounted on a shaft through ball bearings. Because the blade is acting like a flag on a pole that has a long tail and also the blade has a long tail and will always change its direction in accord to the direction of the air flow. |
| US08193651B2 |
Method and apparatus for ocean energy conversion, storage and transportation to shore-based distribution centers
A fleet of vessels attached together longitudinally (rows), and transversely (columns) and operating in unison convert wave energy to electrical energy which is stored in either a chemical or electrical form. The vessels when detached from the fleet provide transportation to coastal or by navigable waterway ports of call for distribution to market centers. Both wind wave and swell wave energy conversion is performed by use of the differential motion between the vessels. Means are provided for the energy conversion systems to adapt to changes in wave direction, wave length, amplitude, and phase. Such vessels are self powered for off shore or inland waterway navigation, either singularly or in multiples, with which to deliver energy to other sea going vessels or to land based ports of call. Two or more of such vessels are capable of using the energy of waves during the delivery process. The fleet can maintain a designated geographical location by dynamic positioning. Alternatively, the fleet may maintain its designated position by moorage of a designated centrally located vessel in the fleet to a permanent anchoring system when operating at appropriate depths. |
| US08193648B2 |
Method for detecting errors of exposed positions of a pre-layer and a current layer by an integrated alignment and overlay mark
An integrated alignment and overlay mark for detecting the exposed errors of the photolithography process between a pre-layer and a current layer is disclosed. The integrated alignment and overlay mark includes an alignment mark and an overlay mark in the same shot region. The alignment mark is formed surrounding the overlay mark; therefore, the gap or the orientation between the pre-layer and the current layer can be calculated in order to check the alignment accuracy of photolithography process. |
| US08193645B2 |
Wafer-level, polymer-based encapsulation for microstructure devices
A device includes a first device structure having a semiconductor platform, and a second device structure having a microstructure spaced from the semiconductor platform. The device further includes a cable having a plurality of beams to couple the microstructure to the first device structure. Each beam of the plurality of beams has a polymer coating and a serpentine-shaped region. |
| US08193643B2 |
Semiconductor device and method for fabricating the same
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a semiconductor device, including a semiconductor chip including a semiconductor element, a first electrode of the semiconductor chip being configured on a first surface of the semiconductor element, a second electrode of the semiconductor element being configured on a second surface opposed to the first surface of the semiconductor chip, an encapsulating material encapsulating the semiconductor chip, a first hole and a second hole being configured in the encapsulating material, a portion of the first electrode and a portion of the second electrode being exposed, a first conductive material being connected to the first surface of the semiconductor chip via the first hole, a second conductive material being connected to the second surface of the semiconductor chip via the second hole, and a plating film covering five surfaces of the first conductive material other than one surface contacting with the encapsulating material and five surfaces of the second conductive material other than one surface contacting with the encapsulating material. |
| US08193642B2 |
Interlayer insulating film, interconnection structure, and methods of manufacturing the same
This invention provides an interlayer insulating film for a semiconductor device, which has low permittivity, is free from the evolution of gas such as CFx and SiF4 and is stable, and a wiring structure comprising the same. In an interlayer insulating film comprising an insulating film provided on a substrate layer, the interlayer insulating film has an effective permittivity of not more than 3. The wiring structure comprises an interlayer insulating film, a contact hole provided in the interlayer insulating film, and a metal filled into the contact hole. The insulating film comprises a first fluorocarbon film provided on the substrate layer and a second fluorocarbon film provided on the first fluorocarbon film. |
| US08193641B2 |
Recessed workfunction metal in CMOS transistor gates
A transistor gate comprises a substrate having a pair of spacers disposed on a surface, a high-k dielectric conformally deposited on the substrate between the spacers, a recessed workfunction metal conformally deposited on the high-k dielectric and along a portion of the spacer sidewalls, a second workfunction metal conformally deposited on the recessed workfunction metal, and an electrode metal deposited on the second workfunction metal. The transistor gate may be formed by conformally depositing the high-k dielectric into a trench between the spacers on the substrate, conformally depositing a workfunction metal atop the high-k dielectric, depositing a sacrificial mask atop the workfunction metal, etching a portion of the sacrificial mask to expose a portion of the workfunction metal, and etching the exposed portion of the workfunction metal to form the recessed workfunction metal. The second workfunction metal and the electrode metal may be deposited atop the recessed workfunction metal. |
| US08193640B2 |
MEMS and a protection structure thereof
A protection structure of a pad is provided. The pad is disposed in a dielectric layer on a semiconductor substrate and the pad includes a connection region and a peripheral region which encompasses the connection region. The protection structure includes at least a barrier, an insulation layer and a mask layer. The barrier is disposed in the dielectric layer in the peripheral region. The insulation layer is disposed on the dielectric layer. The mask layer is disposed on the dielectric layer and covers the insulation layer and the mask layer includes an opening to expose the connection region of the pad. |
| US08193632B2 |
Three-dimensional conducting structure and method of fabricating the same
The three-dimensional conducting structure comprises a substrate, a first redistributed conductor, a second redistributed conductor and an insulator. The substrate has an active surface, a passive surface opposite to the active one, a pad on the active surface and a through hole. The first redistributed conductor comprises a projecting portion and a receiving portion. The projecting portion is projected from the active surface and electrically connected to the pad. The receiving portion is outside the active surface and in contact with the projecting portion, both of which constitute a recess communicating with the through hole. The second redistributed conductor is positioned within the through hole and the recess, in contact with the receiving portion, and extended toward the passive surface along the through hole. The insulator is filled between the second redistributed conductor and the substrate and between the second redistributed conductor and the projecting portion. |
| US08193629B2 |
Bonding structure for a terminal of a susceptor of a semiconductor device manufacturing apparatus
A bonding structure including: a ceramic member made of aluminum nitride and including a hole; a terminal embedded in the ceramic member, exposed to a bottom surface of the hole, and made of molybdenum; a brazed bond layer consisting of gold (Au) only; and a connecting member inserted in the hole, bonded to the terminal via the brazed bond layer, and made of molybdenum. |
| US08193627B2 |
IC chip mounting package provided with IC chip located in device hole formed within a package base member
In one embodiment of the present invention, an IC chip mounting package is arranged such that an IC chip and a film base member are connected via an interposer, and a section in which the IC chip, the film base member, and the interposer are connected is sealed with sealing resin. The sealing resin is provided by potting sealing resin around the interposer via a potting nozzle, or is provided by potting the sealing resin around the IC chip, that is, via a device hole. Moreover, the sealing resin has a coefficient of linear expansion of not more than 80 ppm/° C., a viscosity of not less than 0.05 Pa·s but not more than 0.25 Pa·s, and also includes filler having a particle size of not more than 1 μm. |
| US08193622B2 |
Thermally enhanced thin semiconductor package
A semiconductor die package is disclosed. The semiconductor die package includes a semiconductor die comprising an input at a first top semiconductor die surface and an output at a second bottom semiconductor die surface. A leadframe having a first leadframe surface and a second leadframe surface opposite the first leadframe surface is in the semiconductor die package and is coupled to the first top semiconductor die surface. A clip having a first clip surface and a second clip surface is coupled to the second bottom semiconductor die surface. A molding material having exterior molding material surfaces covers at least a portion of the leadframe, the clip, and the semiconductor die. The first leadframe surface and the first clip surface are exposed by the molding material, and the first leadframe surface, the first clip surface, and the exterior molding material surfaces of the molding material form exterior surfaces of the semiconductor die package. |
| US08193618B2 |
Semiconductor die package with clip interconnection
A semiconductor die package. The semiconductor die package includes a leadframe structure comprising a first lead structure comprising a die attach pad, a second lead structure, and a third lead structure. It also includes a semiconductor die comprising a first surface and a second surface. The semiconductor die is on the die attach pad of the leadframe structure. The first surface is proximate the die attach pad. The semiconductor die package further includes a clip structure comprising a first interconnect structure and a second interconnect structure, the first interconnect structure comprising a planar portion and a protruding portion, the protruding portion including an exterior surface and side surfaces defining the exterior surface. The protruding portion extends from the planar portion of the first interconnect structure. The second surface of the semiconductor die is proximate to the clip structure, and a molding material covers at least the semiconductor die and at least a portion of the side surfaces of the protruding portion. |
| US08193615B2 |
Semiconductor packaging process using through silicon vias
A microelectronic unit 400 can include a semiconductor element 401 having a front surface, a microelectronic semiconductor device adjacent to the front surface, contacts 403 at the front surface and a rear surface remote from the front surface. The semiconductor element 401 can have through holes 410 extending from the rear surface through the semiconductor element 401 and through the contacts 403. A dielectric layer 411 can line the through holes 410. A conductive layer 412 may overlie the dielectric layer 411 within the through holes 410. The conductive layer 412 can conductively interconnect the contacts 403 with unit contacts. |
| US08193614B2 |
Semiconductor device, moisture-resistant frame, groove and method of producing semiconductor device
A semiconductor device provided on a semiconductor substrate includes an element region including an element, a moisture-resistant frame surrounding the element region, an insulating layer provided between the moisture-resistant frame and an outer peripheral edge of the semiconductor device and on the semiconductor substrate, a first metal line extending along the outer peripheral edge and provided in the insulating layer, and a groove provided in the insulating layer. |
| US08193613B2 |
Semiconductor die having increased usable area
According to one embodiment, a semiconductor die having increased usable area has at least six sides. The semiconductor die has a reduced stress at each corner of the die, resulting in smaller keep out zones near the corners of the semiconductor die, which allow the placement of bond pads near each corner of the die. The semiconductor die further allows the placement of active circuitry near each corner of the semiconductor die. One embodiment results in a 5.0% increase in usable area on the semiconductor die. |
| US08193612B2 |
Complimentary nitride transistors vertical and common drain
A semiconductor device and a method for manufacturing the device are disclosed in which the semiconductor device includes ohmic contacts on different planes and the method for manufacturing the device includes etching a semiconductor stack of different conductivity semiconductor layers in successive steps to create a first opening of a first width in a first semiconductor layer to expose another semiconductor layer, and then a second opening of a narrower width in the another layer, whereby a portion of the another layer remains exposed for receiving an ohmic contact. |
| US08193606B2 |
Semiconductor device including a memory element
To provide a memory element that positively utilizes a phenomenon such as a dielectric breakdown, differently from a conventional memory element, and to provide a memory device having an increased memory capacity. The invention provides a memory device having a pair of electrodes and multiple memory material layers stacked between the electrodes, and an operating method thereof, where the memory material layers are sequentially destroyed by applying voltage. For example, in the case of stacking two memory material layers in the memory device, the memory device is operated in such a manner that a first voltage is applied to the pair of electrodes to destroy one of the two memory material layers, and then a second voltage is applied thereto to destroy the other of the two memory material layers. |
| US08193604B2 |
Semiconductor package with semiconductor core structure and method of forming the same
A semiconductor device includes an IPD structure, a first semiconductor die mounted to the IPD structure with a flipchip interconnect, and a plurality of first conductive posts that are disposed adjacent to the first semiconductor die. The semiconductor device further includes a first molding compound that is disposed over the first conductive posts and first semiconductor die, a core structure bonded to the first conductive posts over the first semiconductor die, and a plurality of conductive TSVs disposed in the core structure. The semiconductor device further includes a plurality of second conductive posts that are disposed over the core structure, a second semiconductor die mounted over the core structure, and a second molding compound disposed over the second conductive posts and the second semiconductor die. The second semiconductor die is electrically connected to the core structure. |
| US08193600B2 |
Shared-pixel-type image sensor and method of fabricating the same
A shared-pixel-type image sensor including a shared floating diffusion region formed in a semiconductor substrate; first and second adjacent photoelectric conversion regions sharing the floating diffusion region; two transmission elements that alternately transfer electric charges accumulated in the first and second photoelectric conversion regions to the shared floating diffusion region, respectively; a drive element for outputting the electric charges of the shared floating diffusion region; a first contact formed on the floating diffusion region; a second contact formed on the drive element; and a local wire that connects the first and second contacts to electrically connect the floating diffusion region and the drive element, wherein the local wire is formed at a level lower than respective top surfaces of the first and second contacts. |
| US08193599B2 |
Fabricating method and structure of a wafer level module
A fabricating method includes adhering an exposed surface of a first solid adhesive film to a first substrate. The second surface of the first solid adhesive film is exposed and adhered to a second substrate. A third substrate is adhered to a second substrate via a patterned second solid adhesive film, and a diaphragm layer is adhered to the third substrate via a patterned third solid adhesive film. A fourth solid adhesive film with a removable release film is adhered to the first substrate covered, followed by slicing to form wafer level lens modules. |
| US08193598B2 |
Spin-wave architectures
Nano-scale and multi-scale computational architectures using spin waves as a physical mechanism for device interconnection are provided. Solid-state spin-wave computing devices using nano-scale and multi-scale computational architectures comprised of a plurality of inputs and a plurality of outputs are described where such devices are configured to simultaneously transmit data elements from the inputs to the outputs by using spin-waves of differing frequencies. These devices include but are not limited to a spin-wave crossbar, a spin-wave reconfigurable mesh, a spin-wave fully-interconnected cluster, a hierarchical multi-scale spin-wave crossbar, a hierarchical multi-scale spin-wave reconfigurable mesh and a hierarchical multi-scale spin-wave fully-interconnected cluster. |
| US08193594B2 |
Two-terminal switching devices and their methods of fabrication
Two-terminal switching devices characterized by high on/off current ratios and by high breakdown voltage are provided. These devices can be employed as switches in the driving circuits of active matrix displays, e.g., in electrophoretic, rotating element and liquid crystal displays. The switching devices include two electrodes, and a layer of a broad band semiconducting material residing between the electrodes. According to one example, the cathode comprises a metal having a low work function, the anode comprises an organic material having a p+ or p++ type of conductivity, and the broad band semiconductor comprises a metal oxide. The work function difference between the cathode and the anode material is preferably at least about 0.6 eV. The on/off current ratios of at least 10,000 over a voltage range of about 15 V can be achieved. The devices can be formed, if desired, on flexible polymeric substrates having low melting points. |
| US08193581B2 |
Trench-based power semiconductor devices with increased breakdown voltage characteristics
Exemplary power semiconductor devices with features providing increased breakdown voltage and other benefits are disclosed. |
| US08193576B2 |
Semiconductor memory device and method of fabricating the same
A semiconductor memory device and a method of fabricating the same which is suitable for fabrication of a non-volatile memory, such as an EEPROM, using a polysilicon-insulator-polysilicon (PIP) process. The semiconductor memory device includes isolation layers defining a tunneling region and a read transistor region of a semiconductor substrate, a lower polysilicon film formed on and/or over the tunneling region and the read transistor region, a dielectric film formed on and/or over the lower polysilicon film in the tunneling region, and an upper polysilicon film formed on and/or over the dielectric film. |
| US08193574B2 |
Non-volatile semiconductor memory device
To reduce the writing and erasing voltages of a memory transistor without increasing the area of a memory cell, and to reduce the area of a memory cell without increasing the writing and erasing voltages. The memory cell includes a memory transistor having a first island-shaped semiconductor region, a floating gate and a control gate. In addition, a second island-shaped semiconductor region is formed under the floating gate with an insulating film interposed therebetween. Since the second island-shaped semiconductor region is electrically connected to the control gate, a capacitance is formed between the second island-shaped semiconductor region and the floating gate. This capacitance contributes to an increase in the coupling ratio of the memory transistor, which makes it possible to increase the coupling ratio without increasing the area of the memory cell. Furthermore, the area of the memory cell can be reduced without reducing the coupling ratio. |
| US08193572B2 |
Electronic device including trenches and discontinuous storage elements
An electronic device can include a substrate including a first trench having a first bottom and a first wall. The electrode device can also include a first gate electrode within the first trench and adjacent to the first wall and overlying the first bottom of the first trench, and a second gate electrode within the first trench and adjacent to the first gate electrode and overlying the first bottom of the first trench. The electronic device can further include discontinuous storage elements including a first set of discontinuous storage elements, wherein the first set of the discontinuous storage elements lies between (i) the first gate electrode or the second gate electrode and (ii) the first bottom of the first trench. Processes of forming and using the electronic device are also described. |
| US08193569B2 |
Non-volatile semiconductor memory device having ion conductive layer and methods of fabricating and operating the same
A non-volatile semiconductor memory device having an ion conductive layer, and methods of fabricating and operating the same are disclosed. The non-volatile memory device may include a substrate, a switching element formed in the substrate, and a storage node connected to the switching element, the storage node may include a lower electrode connected to the switching element, and used as an ion source; a data storage layer formed on the lower electrode, a portion thereof being spaced from the lower electrode; a side electrode spaced from the lower electrode, a side surface thereof being connected to a portion of the data storage layer spaced from the lower electrode; and an upper electrode formed on the data storage layer, or may include a lower electrode connected to the switching element, and used as an ion source; and a data storage layer formed on the lower electrode; an upper electrode formed on the data storage layer. |
| US08193567B2 |
Process for integrating planar and non-planar CMOS transistors on a bulk substrate and article made thereby
A process capable of integrating both planar and non-planar transistors onto a bulk semiconductor substrate, wherein the channel of all transistors is definable over a continuous range of widths. |
| US08193566B2 |
Semiconductor device
A semiconductor device includes: a compound semiconductor substrate; a buffer layer, a channel layer, and a Schottky junction forming layer sequentially disposed on the compound semiconductor substrate, the buffer layer, the channel layer, and the Schottky junction forming layer each being compound semiconductor materials; a source electrode and a drain electrode located on the Schottky junction forming layer; and a gate electrode disposed between the source and drain electrodes and forming a Schottky junction with the Schottky junction forming layer. The dopant impurity concentration in the channel layer is inversely proportional to the third power of depth into the channel layer from a top surface of the channel layer. The gate electrode has a gate length in a range from 0.2 μm to 0.6 μm. |
| US08193561B2 |
Semiconductor device and method of manufacturing the same
A semiconductor device reduces the on-resistance and, at the same time, raises the breakdown voltage. The drain electrode 20 of the semiconductor device runs through cap layer 13 and electron supply layer 12 and gets to a position lower than two-dimensional electron gas layer 14 in channel layer 11. Thus, the drain electrode 20 directly contacts the channel layer 11, the electron supply layer 12 and the cap layer 13. Angles (acute angles) θ, ø and ψ are formed by the drain electrode 20 and the channel layer 11, the electron supply layer 12 and the cap layer 13 as viewed in the direction in which a hetero interface is formed (the transverse direction in FIG. 1) and relationships of ø<θ and ø≦ψ are established. In other words, ø is made smallest among the angles and the drain electrode 20 is remarkably tapered particularly at the position of the electron supply layer 12. |
| US08193560B2 |
Voltage limiting devices
An electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection device coupled across input-output (I/O) and common terminals of a core circuit, comprises, first and second merged bipolar transistors. A base of the first transistor serves as collector of the second transistor and the base of the second transistor serves as collector of the first transistor, the bases having, respectively, first width and second width. A first resistance is coupled between an emitter and base of the first transistor and a second resistance is coupled between an emitter and base of the second transistor. ESD trigger voltage Vtl and holding voltage Vh can be independently optimized by choosing appropriate base widths and resistances. By increasing Vh to approximately equal Vtl, the ESD protection is more robust, especially for applications with narrow design windows, for example, with operating voltage close to the degradation voltage. |
| US08193559B2 |
Monolithic semiconductor switches and method for manufacturing
One aspect is monolithic semiconductor switches and method for manufacturing. One embodiment provides a semiconductor die with a first n-type channel FET and a second n-type channel FET. A source of the first n-type channel FET and a drain of the second n-type channel FET are electrically coupled to at least one contact area at a first side of the semiconductor die, respectively. A drain of the first n-type channel FET, a gate of the first n-type channel FET, a source of the second n-type channel FET and the gate of the second n-type channel FET are electrically coupled to contact areas at a second side of the semiconductor die opposite to the first side, respectively. The contact areas of the drain of the first n-type channel FET, of the gate of the first n-type channel FET, of the source of the second n-type channel FET and of the gate of the second n-type channel FET are electrically separated from each other, respectively. |
| US08193556B2 |
Semiconductor chip assembly with post/base heat spreader and cavity in post
A semiconductor chip assembly includes a semiconductor device, a heat spreader, a conductive trace and an adhesive. The heat spreader includes a post and a base. The semiconductor device extends into a cavity in the post, is electrically connected to the conductive trace and is thermally connected to the heat spreader. The post extends upwardly from the base into an opening in the adhesive, and the base extends laterally from the post. The adhesive extends between the post and the conductive trace and between the base and the conductive trace. The conductive trace is located outside the cavity and provides signal routing between a pad and a terminal. |
| US08193555B2 |
Image and light sensor chip packages
An image or light sensor chip package includes an image or light sensor chip having a non-photosensitive area and a photosensitive area surrounded by the non-photosensitive area. In the photosensitive area, there are light sensors, a layer of optical or color filter array over the light sensors and microlenses over the layer of optical or color filter array. In the non-photosensitive area, there are an adhesive polymer layer and multiple metal structures having a portion in the adhesive polymer layer. A transparent substrate is formed on a top surface of the adhesive polymer layer and over the microlenses. The image or light sensor chip package also includes wirebonded wires or a flexible substrate bonded with the metal structures of the image or light sensor chip. |
| US08193552B2 |
Semiconductor light emitting device of junction-down type and semiconductor light emitting element of junction-down type
In a semiconductor light emitting device of junction-down type, a semiconductor light emitting element having a stripe part is provided with a bonding part for die bonding in a part of a surface thereof where the stripe part is formed, the bonding part being at a position away from the stripe part, and being junction-down bonded onto an electrode pattern on a holding substrate. |
| US08193551B2 |
LED packaging structure and fabricating method thereof
A LED (light emitting diode) packaging structure includes a base, a LED chip, a gel-blocking structure and a phosphor layer. The LED chip disposed on the base and electrically connected to the base. The LED chip having a substrate and a semiconductor layer formed on the substrate. The gel-blocking structure is disposed on the substrate of the LED chip and surrounding the semiconductor layer. The phosphor layer is filled within a space defined by the gel-blocking structure, the substrate and the semiconductor layer. The present invention also discloses a fabricating method of the LED packaging structure. |
| US08193547B2 |
Leadframe-based packages for solid state light emitting devices and methods of forming leadframe-based packages for solid state light emitting devices
A modular package for a light emitting device includes a leadframe having a top surface and including a central region having a bottom surface and having a first thickness between the top surface of the leadframe and the bottom surface of the central region. The leadframe may further include an electrical lead extending away from the central region. The electrical lead has a bottom surface and has a second thickness from the top surface of the leadframe to the bottom surface of the electrical lead. The second thickness may be less than the first thickness. The package further includes a package body on the leadframe surrounding the central region and exposing the bottom surface of the central region. The package body may be at least partially provided beneath the bottom surface of the lead and adjacent the bottom surface of the central region. Methods of forming modular packages and leadframes are also disclosed. |
| US08193544B2 |
Color correction for wafer level white LEDs
A method for fabricating a plurality of LED chips comprises providing a plurality of LEDs and forming a plurality of spacers each of which is on at least one of the LEDs. Coating the LEDs with a conversion material, each of the spacers reducing the amount of conversion material over its one of the LEDs. This reduction causes the plurality of LED chips to emit a wavelength of light in response to an electrical signal that is within a standard deviation of a target wavelength. LEDs, LED chips and LED chip wafers are fabricated using the method according to the present invention. One embodiment of an LED chip wafer according to the present invention comprises a plurality of LEDs on a wafer and a plurality of a spacers, each of which is on a respective one of the LEDs. A conversion material at least partially covers the LEDs and spacers, with at least some light from the LEDs passing through the conversion material and is converted. The spacers cause the LED chips to emit light having a wavelength within a standard deviation compared to the similar LED chips without the spacers where at least some of the LED chips emit light a wavelength of light outside the standard deviation. |
| US08193540B2 |
SMD diode holding structure and package thereof
An SMD diode holding structure includes a plastic housing and a plurality of metal holders. Two ends of the plastic housing from a function area and a notch. The metal holder has a base portion and a connecting pin portion. The top and bottom surfaces of the base portion are exposed to the function area and the notch. The top surface of one base portion in the function area is connected with an LED chip, and the bottom surface of another base portion in the notch is connected with the anti-ESD chip. The LED chip, the anti-ESD chip, and the base portion are connected with a conductive wire. The function area is covered with a first sealing compound, and the notch is covered with a second sealing compound. Light emitted from the LED chip is uniformly reflected in the function area, and the brightness is uniform. |
| US08193534B2 |
Array substrate of thin film transistor liquid crystal display and method of manufacturing the same
An embodiment of the invention provides an array substrate of a thin film transistor liquid crystal display comprising a gate line and a data line formed on a base substrate, a pixel electrode formed in a pixel region defined by intersecting of the gate line and data line, and a thin film transistor (TFT) formed at the intersection as an switch device. The TFT comprises a gate electrode, a gate insulating layer, a transparent conductive layer, a source electrode and a drain electrode, an ohmic contact, a semiconductor layer, and a passivation layer in order from the base substrate. At the drain electrode side the transparent conductive layer is formed by the same layer as the pixel electrode and contacts with the drain electrode, and the source electrode is connected with the data line. |
| US08193533B2 |
Display device having thin film transistors
To provide a semiconductor device having a function equivalent to that of IGFET, an activation layer is formed by a crystal silicon film crystallized by using a catalyst element helping promote crystallization and a heating treatment is carried out in an atmosphere including a halogen element by which the catalyst element is removed, the activation layer processed by such steps is constituted by a peculiar crystal structure and according to the crystal structure, a rate of incommensurate bonds in respect of all of bonds at grain boundaries is 5% or less (preferably, 3% or less). |
| US08193530B2 |
Semiconductor device having pairs of pads
An integrated-circuit semiconductor device includes external electrical connection pads on one face and electrical connection vias under said pads. The electrical connection vias are arranged with a defined pitch in a defined direction. Each via is respectively associated with one of a plurality of adjacent zones of the face. These zones extend perpendicularly to the pitch direction. The electrical connection pads are grouped in adjacent pairs. An insulation space is located between the pads of each pair of electrical connection pads. In a direction perpendicular to the pitch direction, the pads in the pair are spaced apart. The pads of each pair of electrical connection pads extend over a pair of adjacent zones and are associated with two adjacent vias. |
| US08193525B2 |
Method for producing planar transporting resonance heterostructures
An electron transport device, including at least one transport layer in which at least one periodic dislocation and/or defect array is produced, and a mechanism for guiding electrons in the transport layer. |
| US08193523B2 |
Germanium-based quantum well devices
A quantum well transistor has a germanium quantum well channel region. A silicon-containing etch stop layer provides easy placement of a gate dielectric close to the channel. A group III-V barrier layer adds strain to the channel. Graded silicon germanium layers above and below the channel region improve performance. Multiple gate dielectric materials allow use of a high-k value gate dielectric. |
| US08193522B2 |
Diamond type quad-resistor cells of PRAM
A method of forming a phase-change random access memory (PRAM) cell, and a structure of a phase-change random access memory (PRAM) cell are disclosed. The PRAM cell includes a bottom electrode, a heater resistor coupled to the bottom electrode, a phase change material (PCM) formed over and coupled to the heater resistor, and a top electrode coupled to the phase change material. The phase change material contacts a portion of a vertical surface of the heater resistor and a portion of a horizontal surface of the heater resistor to form an active region between the heater resistor and the phase change material. |
| US08193517B2 |
Fluoroscopy system, fluoroscopy apparatus, and fluoroscopy method
Observation is performed with a fluorescence image having high quantitativeness by satisfactorily eliminating dependencies on distance and angle that remain in an image subjected to division. Provided is a fluoroscopy system 1 including a fluoroscopy apparatus (100); a calibration device (101) equipped with a standard specimen (30) and an observation-state setting mechanism (31), (32) that sets, in a variable manner, an observation distance D and an observation angle θ of the fluoroscopy apparatus (100) relative to the standard specimen (30); and an observation-conditions adjusting portion (10) that adjusts observation conditions on the basis of the set observation distance D and observation angle θ and a reference image G1 and a fluorescence image G2 acquired by capturing the standard specimen (30) with the fluoroscopy apparatus (100). |
| US08193516B2 |
Sensing apparatus
A sensing apparatus includes a prism, a metal film provided on a surface of the prism, a substrate that is provided on a surface of the prism and which has formed therein a channel for supplying a sample to the metal film, a light source for issuing light, an optical unit for incident light by which the light being issued from the light source is launched into the prism at such an angle that the light is totally reflected on a boundary surface between the prism and the metal film, the optical unit for incident light including a light intensity distribution adjusting section that reduces difference between the maximum and the minimum values in the intensity distribution of the light that is launched into the prism, and a light detecting unit for detecting the light that is generated in neighborhood of the metal film. |
| US08193515B2 |
Sports ball sterilizer
A system for sterilizing a sports ball comprises a housing; a door for the housing for opening and closing the housing and for permitting manual location of a ball in the housing; a sterilizing light for sterilizing a ball placed in the housing. The ball is rotatable in the housing such that the surface of the ball is exposed to the light. An elongated track extends from one end of the housing towards another end, and the light can be elongated from one end towards another end. There can be a support pivot on an outer surface of the housing permits the housing to be rocked about the pivot. There can be a series of rollers and one of the rollers can be motorized to rotate a ball. An outlet from the housing is directed to a tray for receiving a sterilized ball. The housing can include an internal surface with a light reflective material. |
| US08193513B2 |
Hybrid ion source/multimode ion source
A hybrid ion source, comprising a source body configured to create plasma therein, from a first material, wherein the first material comprises one of monatomic gases, small molecule gases, large molecule gases, reactive gases, and solids, a low power plasma generation component operably associated with the source body, a high power plasma generation component operably associated with the source body and an extraction aperture configured to extract ions of the ion plasma from the source body. |
| US08193512B2 |
Irradiation field forming device
An irradiation field forming device for forming an irradiation field when a specimen is irradiated with a charged particle beam generated by an accelerator, the irradiation field forming device includes: a range shifter arranged on a beam axis of the charged particle beam for regulating an irradiation depth of the charged particle beam; and two or more than two converging electromagnets arranged in the downstream of the range shifter for regulating a beam diameter of the charged particle beam which is enlarged by the range shifter to a constant value. |
| US08193506B2 |
Device for detecting signals
A device for detecting signals is disclosed. In at least one embodiment, the device includes at least four detector elements for receiving the signals and converting them into useful signals, each being connected via at least two lines to at least one signal processing unit. Each detector element includes a polarity reversal unit by which polarity reversal of the useful signal of the respective detector element can be performed. The signal polarity reversal logic is unambiguously spatially direction-dependent within the detector array. An advantage of the device of at least one embodiment is that for signals to be received simultaneously by way of two detector elements, the detector elements involved become unambiguously identifiable by the polarity reversal of the useful signal. |
| US08193503B2 |
Method of detecting organic materials using terahertz spectroscopy
Disclosed herein are methods of detecting organic materials, and more particularly, methods of detecting organic materials using terahertz spectroscopy. The method of detecting organic material using terahertz spectroscopy includes suspending organic material in a medium to form a sample; irradiating the sample with an illumination beam of electromagnetic radiation, the illumination beam having a plurality of frequencies in the range of about 100 GHz to about 2 THz; detecting radiation transmitted through and/or reflected from the sample; and, analyzing the detected radiation to identify the organic material, wherein the medium is selected from the group consisting of agar, guar gum, gellan gum, carrageenan, xantham gum, fibrous sodium pectate, and other agar substitutes. |
| US08193501B2 |
Detector for and a method of detecting electromagnetic radiation
A detector unit (301) for detecting electromagnetic radiation (106), the detector unit (301) comprising a conversion material (332) adapted for converting impinging electromagnetic radiation (106) into electric charge carriers, a charge collection electrode (331) adapted for collecting the converted electric charge carriers, a shielding electrode (334, 335) adapted to form a capacitance with the charge collection electrode (331), and an evaluation circuit (312 to 315) electrically coupled with the charge collection electrode (331) and adapted for evaluating the electromagnetic radiation (106) based on the collected electric charge carriers. |
| US08193492B2 |
Method for exciting a mobile element of a microstructure
The invention pertains to a method for exciting a resonant element of a microstructure, this element being mobile according to one degree of freedom. The method comprises a step for applying a charged particle beam to said microstructure, the beam being configured so as to drive the element in an alternating motion depending on its degree of freedom. |
| US08193490B2 |
High mass resolution with ICR measuring cells
The compensation potentials on the compensation electrodes of an ICR measuring cell are sequentially adjusted so that an ICR measurement with the longest possible usable image current transient is produced. Then, subsequent ICR measurements are made using the ICR cell with the optimally adjusted compensation potentials. Depending on the kind of ion mixture involved, measurements with image current transients from 10 to more than 20 seconds long can be performed, from which mass spectra with a maximum mass resolution without peak coalescence can be obtained. |
| US08193489B2 |
Converging multipole ion guide for ion beam shaping
A multipole ion guide comprises rods disposed about an axis, each of the rods having a first end and a second end remote from the first end. Each of the rods is disposed at a respective greater distance from the axis at the first end than at the second end. The multipole ion guide comprises means for applying a radio frequency (RF) voltage between adjacent pairs of rods, wherein the RF voltage creates a multipole field in a region between the rods; and means for applying a direct current (DC) voltage drop along a length of each of the rods. A mass spectroscopy system is also disclosed. |
| US08193488B2 |
Vibrating probe
A measuring system comprising: a MIMS probe 1 comprising a membrane inlet 3, a mass spectrometer 2 coupled to the probe, and a vibrator controllable 7 to vibrate the probe 1 to disturb a boundary layer 13 at the membrane inlet 3 when the probe 1 is in a liquid under analysis. |
| US08193487B2 |
Portable light emitting sampling probe
An apparatus for heating a surface to liberate at least one analyte for detection thereof includes a source of energy to irradiate the surface and a collector to collect at least one gas from the surface, the at least one gas being capable of including the a least one liberated analyte. The apparatus further includes a detector linked to the collector to detect the presence of the at least one liberated analyte wherein the detection is used to control the power of the energy source by utilizing feedback relating to at least one condition of the surface. |
| US08193484B2 |
Method and apparatus for automatic estimation of detector gain in a mass spectrometer
A method and apparatus involve: performing a plurality of analytical scans during normal operation of a mass spectrometer having a detection section, wherein data is generated during the analytical scans in a manner that includes use of the detection section; and automatically evaluating the data from the analytical scans to monitor whether an actual gain of the detection section changes over time. |
| US08193478B2 |
Light sensor test unit, method of testing light sensor using the same and display apparatus
In a light sensor test unit, a test circuit is built in a display panel and connected to an output node of a light sensor which senses an intensity of an external light. When external light having a predetermined intensity is provided to the light sensor, the test circuit outputs a driving signal in response to a sensing signal output from the output node. A test pixel part includes pixels selected from a plurality of pixels arranged in the display panel and receives the driving signal from the test circuit to display a gray-scale corresponding to the driving signal. A brightness measurer measures a brightness corresponding to the gray-scale displayed in the test pixel part to compare the measured brightness with a predetermined brightness, thereby testing whether the light sensor built in the display panel is normally operated. |
| US08193477B2 |
Periodic alignment adjustment techniques for terrestrial solar arrays
An automated method causes a terrestrial solar cell array to track the sun. The solar cell system may include motors that adjust a position of the array along different respective axes with respect to the sun. An alignment analysis procedure, e.g., a find sun routine, is performed to ensure that the solar cell system is properly aligned with the sun during solar tracking. This procedure may sweep the solar cell system along determined paths (e.g., azimuth and elevation paths) while measuring an output parameter indicative of system performance. The measured data is analyzed to determine if the solar cell system is in misalignment in which case the solar cell system is moved into proper alignment. The alignment procedure may be implemented on a periodic basis or using triggers, and may be automatically executed or manually executed. |
| US08193475B2 |
Heating apparatus and method for making the same
A heating apparatus includes a heating element adapted to be disposed on a substrate. The heating element includes electrodes and a multi-layer conductive coating of nano-thickness disposed between the substrate and electrodes. The multi-layer conductive coating has a structure and composition which stabilize performance of the heating element at high temperatures. The multi-layer conductive coating may be produced by spray pyrolysis. |
| US08193470B1 |
Self-cleaning convection oven
A self-cleaning convection oven includes a cabinet defining an interior cavity for cooking a food product; a door moveable between an open position and a closed position for allowing access to the interior cavity; one or more heating elements positioned in the interior cavity for delivering heat to the interior cavity; a fan positioned within the interior cavity; and a plumbing system operably connected to a water supply for delivering water into the interior cavity of the oven through a first nozzle positioned near the fan. The plumbing system of the self-cleaning convection oven further also delivers a cleaning solution into the interior cavity of the oven. |
| US08193468B2 |
Methods and systems for precisely relatively positioning a waist of a pulsed laser beam and method and system for controlling energy delivered to a target structure
A method and system for locally processing a predetermined microstructure formed on a substrate without causing undesirable changes in electrical or physical characteristics of the substrate or other structures formed on the substrate are provided. The method includes providing information based on a model of laser pulse interactions with the predetermined microstructure, the substrate and the other structures. At least one characteristic of at least one pulse is determined based on the information. A pulsed laser beam is generated including the at least one pulse. The method further includes irradiating the at least one pulse having the at least one determined characteristic into a spot on the predetermined microstructure. The at least one determined characteristic and other characteristics of the at least one pulse are sufficient to locally process the predetermined microstructure without causing the undesirable changes. |
| US08193463B2 |
Switch
A switch includes push knobs and a lens for guiding light from the light source on the pc board to illuminate the push knobs for changing the distance between the incident surface of the lens and the light source by moving the lens by operating the push knobs. The lens has a recess groove intersecting the light path of the incident light to the lens. The pc board has a protruding wall protruding toward the lens at a position corresponding to the recess groove. Upon movement of the lens directed to reduce the distance between the incident surface and the light source, the protruding wall is inserted into the recess groove by an amount corresponding to the lens displacement to shield the light path in accordance with the displacement. Light amount for illuminating the push knobs is kept constant irrespective of the lens movement. |
| US08193457B2 |
Stack structure of circuit board
A stack structure of a circuit board includes a first substrate, a second substrate and a fixing element. The first substrate has a first component area, a plurality of supporting solder elements, and a plurality of signal solder elements, wherein the plurality of signal elements is disposed in the first component area. The first substrate stacks on the second substrate. The plurality of supporting solder elements is disposed between the first and the second substrates for providing a supporting force. The fixing element secures the first substrate and the second substrate, and the supporting solder elements are disposed around the fixing element. |
| US08193454B2 |
Circuit substrate having power/ground plane with grid holes
The present invention relates to a circuit substrate having a first conductive layer. The first conductive layer includes at least one power/ground plane. The power/ground plane includes at least one plane edge and plurality of grid lines. Each grid line has a width. The grid lines intersect each other to define a plurality of first grid holes, wherein the distance between the first grid hole that is closest to the plane edge and the plane edge is 1.5 times the width. Thus, the influence on the resistance of power signal and ground signal caused by the first grid holes is reduced, power integrity is improved, and heat generation is reduced. |
| US08193452B2 |
Electrical cable and manufacturing method thereof
An electrical transposed conductor is specified, which comprises two stacks (8, 9), which are located alongside one another, each comprising a plurality of flat electrical conductor elements (7) which are arranged one above the other, are isolated from one another and have a rectangular cross section. Over the entire length of the transposed conductor continuing without interruption, conductor elements of a first stack are passed by bending into the other stack and, after a predetermined distance, are passed back again into the first stack. The conductor elements (7) run in a straight line at least one of their ends over a length (L) which is adequate for simple processing. |
| US08193449B2 |
Low inductance busbar
A busbar assembly for an inverter module has a power module, a capacitor module with at least one capacitor, and a battery all interconnected by a busbar. The busbar includes a base busbar portion that is electrically coupled to the battery and a branch busbar portion that extends from the base busbar to the power module and that electrically connects to the capacitor module at points located between the base node and the power module. |
| US08193448B2 |
Systems and methods of managing cables
A cable trough includes a tray having a tray portion extending along a generally horizontal plane with two opposite side edges, a first side wall portion extending along one side edge of the tray portion on a plane generally perpendicular to the plane of the tray portion, and a second side wall portion extending along the other side edge of the tray portion on a plane generally perpendicular to the plane of the tray portion. The cable trough further includes a first side wall having at least one first attachment configuration constructed and arranged to secure the first side wall to the first side wall portion of the tray, and a second side wall having at least one second attachment configuration constructed and arranged to secure the second side wall to the second side wall portion of the tray. Various cable trough systems and methods are further disclosed. |
| US08193447B2 |
Electrical outlet plate control arrangement
A securement housing arrangement for attachment to a baseplate frame arrangement having electrical outlets arranged therewithin, to protect and control the use of electrical plugs in those outlets and power cables with respect to that securement housing, comprising: a wall of the housing having at least one opening for the passage of a power cable therethrough; a biasable locking lever arranged on a wall of the housing so as to secure the housing to a base plate frame arrangement, and to permit that locking lever to be controllably secured to that enclosure housing. |
| US08193442B2 |
Coated nanoparticles and quantum dots for solution-based fabrication of photovoltaic cells
CIGS absorber layers fabricated using coated semiconducting nanoparticles and/or quantum dots are disclosed. Core nanoparticles and/or quantum dots containing one or more elements from group IB and/or IIIA and/or VIA may be coated with one or more layers containing elements group IB, IIIA or VIA. Using nanoparticles with a defined surface area, a layer thickness could be tuned to give the proper stoichiometric ratio, and/or crystal phase, and/or size, and/or shape. The coated nanoparticles could then be placed in a dispersant for use as an ink, paste, or paint. By appropriate coating of the core nanoparticles, the resulting coated nanoparticles can have the desired elements intermixed within the size scale of the nanoparticle, while the phase can be controlled by tuning the stochiometry, and the stoichiometry of the coated nanoparticle may be tuned by controlling the thickness of the coating(s). |
| US08193438B2 |
Electronic keyboard musical instrument
An electronic keyboard musical instrument which is placed on a supporting surface when it is used, includes an instrument main unit which includes a keyboard having a plurality of keys and which generates electrical signals in response to depressions of the keys, a speaker which has a front side and a rear side and which produces sounds corresponding to the electrical signals from the instrument main unit, and an instrument main unit supporting member which is placed on the supporting surface. The instrument main unit supporting member includes an outer surface facing an external space, an internal space surrounded by the outer surface and housing the instrument main unit at a position apart upward from the supporting surface, and an opening formed in the outer surface and communicating the internal space with the external space. The speaker is attached to the outer surface with the front side facing the opening. |
| US08193437B2 |
Electronic music apparatus and tone control method
First display object associated with a control operating member and a second display object associated with a tone color effect parameter are displayed, and variation of a displayed position of the first display object is controlled in accordance with operation of the control operating member. Control value of the tone color effect parameter is determined in response to variation in relationship between the first and second display objects, and tone control is performed on the basis of the determined control value. Further, the variation of the displayed position of the first display object is controlled so as to move on and along a set path, so that displayable positions of the first display object is limited to the set path. Control value of the tone color effect parameter is determined on the basis of relationship between displayed position of the first and second display objects to perform tone control. |
| US08193435B1 |
Snare bridge apparatus
A snare positioner configured to extend proximate a drum head comprising an elongated bar means having a length to extend crosswise of the head, first and second holders proximate opposite ends of the bar means, snare wires having opposite ends connected to the holders, the first holder integral with the bar means, the other holder slidably connected to the bar means, and first adjuster means associated with the other holder and bar means for adjusting the position of the other holder lengthwise of the bar means, to adjust the tension of the snare wires. |
| US08193434B2 |
Vertically aligned drum set
A drum assembly includes a first drum assembly positioned above a second drum assembly in a spaced apart relationship, where the bottom of the first drum assembly is positioned above the second drum assembly. Sound waves emanated from a playing surface of the first drum assembly impact a playing surface of the second drum assembly. |
| US08193433B2 |
Built-up drum
A built-up drum includes a drum body and two drum faces. The drum body includes a plurality of body components of which each includes a base, two jammed portions, an inserting portion and an insertion slot. One end of the base extends to form the inserting portion and the insertion slot is formed in the other end of the base. The inserting portion of each body component is inserted into the insertion slot of another body component, so that the body components define a profile of the drum body. A top face and a bottom face of the base respectively extend to form the jammed portions for being jammed on the drum faces. Accordingly, the present invention can simplify structure components, lighten the drum, and be easily disassembled and assembled for convenient carry. Further, the drum body is expandable for having different sizes, which is convenient for use. |
| US08193430B2 |
Methods for separating carbon nanotubes
Disclosed herein too is a method that includes dispersing nanotubes in media that comprises flavin moieties substituted with solubilizing side chains, and/or non-flavin containing molecular species; self-assembling the flavin moieties and other non-flavin containing molecular species in a pattern that is orderly wrapped around the nanotubes to form a composite; introducing desired amounts of an optional reagent that competes with self-assembly in order to disturb the wrapping around nanotubes with moderate order; and centrifuging the mass of the nanotubes and the composites to extract the composite from other nanotubes that are not in composite form. |
| US08193428B1 |
Maize variety hybrid X7R402
A novel maize variety designated X7R402 and seed, plants and plant parts thereof, produced by crossing Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. proprietary inbred maize varieties. Methods for producing a maize plant that comprises crossing maize variety X7R402 with another maize plant. Methods for producing a maize plant containing in its genetic material one or more traits introgressed into X7R402 through backcross conversion and/or transformation, and to the maize seed, plant and plant part produced thereby. This invention relates to the maize variety X7R402, the seed, the plant produced from the seed, and variants, mutants, and minor modifications of maize variety X7R402. This invention further relates to methods for producing maize varieties derived from maize variety X7R402. |
| US08193419B2 |
Soybean cultivar 8322144
A soybean cultivar designated 8322144 is disclosed. The invention relates to the seeds of soybean cultivar 8322144, to the plants of soybean 8322144, to plant parts of soybean cultivar 8322144, and to methods for producing a soybean plant produced by crossing soybean cultivar 8322144 with itself or with another soybean variety. The invention also relates to methods for producing a soybean plant containing in its genetic material one or more transgenes and to the transgenic soybean plants and plant parts produced by those methods. This invention also relates to soybean cultivars, or breeding cultivars, and plant parts derived from soybean variety 8322144, to methods for producing other soybean cultivars, lines or plant parts derived from soybean cultivar 8322144, and to the soybean plants, varieties, and their parts derived from use of those methods. The invention further relates to hybrid soybean seeds, plants, and plant parts produced by crossing the cultivar 8322144 with another soybean cultivar. |
| US08193413B2 |
Temporal seed promoters for expressing genes in plants
The present invention relates to the field of plant genetic engineering. More specifically, the present invention relates to seed specific gene expression during a defined period of embryogenesis. The present invention provides promoters capable of transcribing heterologous nucleic acid sequences in seeds, and methods of modifying, producing, and using the same. |
| US08193412B2 |
Precise breeding—simultaneous silencing
The present invention relates to a new plant breeding process. The process improves the agronomic performance of crop plants by using genetic material that is also used in classical breeding. Instead of sexually recombining entire genomes at random, as is done in classical breeding, specific genetic elements are rearranged in vitro and inserted back into individual plant cells. Plants obtained through this new plant breeding process do not contain foreign nucleic acid but only contain nucleic acid from the plant species selected for transformation or plants that are sexually compatible with the selected plant species. Plants developed through this new plant breeding process are provided. In particular, potato plants displaying improved tuber storage and health characteristics are provided. |
| US08193411B2 |
Marker mapping and resistance gene associations in soybean
The invention provides novel molecular genetic markers in soybean, where the markers are useful, for example, in the marker-assisted selection of gene alleles that impart disease-resistance, thereby allowing the identification and selection of a disease-resistant plant. The markers also find use in positional cloning of disease-resistance genes. |
| US08193404B2 |
Use of a direct heating device with a reheater in a dehydrogenation unit
Methods and processes for increasing the efficiency and/or expanding the capacity of a dehydrogenation unit by use of at least one direct heating unit are described. |
| US08193403B2 |
Systems and methods for recycling plastic
Systems and methods for recycling waste plastic can convert the waste plastic into a form of purified crude oil that includes one or more organic molecular species and that is free, or substantially free, of impurities such as acids and metals. In some systems and methods, the plastic is heated under vacuum conditions to effect depolymerization of the plastic, which yields a vapor, and the vapor is then directly contacted with a pH adjusted solution in a vapor treatment system. In some systems and methods, a continuous batch process is employed. |
| US08193402B2 |
Renewable compositions
The present invention is directed to renewable compositions derived from fermentation of biomass, and integrated methods of preparing such compositions. |
| US08193399B2 |
Production of diesel fuel and aviation fuel from renewable feedstocks
A process has been developed for producing diesel fuel from renewable feedstocks such as plant oils and greases. The process involves treating a renewable feedstock by hydrogenating and deoxygenating to provide a diesel fuel hydrocarbon product. If desired, the hydrocarbon product can be isomerized to improve cold flow properties. A portion of the hydrocarbon product is recycled to the treatment zone to increase the hydrogen solubility of the reaction mixture. |
| US08193394B2 |
Process for production of lasofoxifene or analogue thereof
Disclosed is a novel process for production of lasofoxifene, nafoxidine or an analogue thereof, which comprises reduced number of reaction steps, has a high efficiency, and is practically advantageous. For the production of lasofoxifene or an analogue thereof, a compound represented by the formula (4) is used as an intermediate. The compound represented by the formula (4) can be produced using compounds represented by the formulae (1) to (3) as starting compounds by performing the coupling of the three components in one step. |
| US08193393B2 |
Fluoroether diketones for high temperature heat transfer
Fluoroether diketones are provided that can be useful in apparatuses that includes a device and a mechanism for transferring heat. The provided fluoroether diketones are stable at temperatures above 175° C., are environmentally friendly, and are economical to produce. The provided apparatuses can be useful for vapor phase soldering of electronic devices. |
| US08193391B2 |
Process for preparation of 3-(2-hydroxy-5-substituted phenyl)-N-alkyl-3-phenylpropylamines
A new process for preparation of 3-(2-hydroxy-5-substituted phenyl)-N,alkyl-3-phenylpropylamines from cinnamyl chloride via N-alkyl-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-amine has been developed. |
| US08193390B2 |
Method for the production of N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC)
A process for preparing N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC) by continuously reacting methyl acetate (MeOAc) with dimethylamine (DMA) in the presence of a basic catalyst, wherein MeOAc is used in the form of a methanolic solution and the continuous distillative workup is effected in such a way that methanol and any other low boilers are initially removed overhead in a column A and the bottom effluent of column A is fed to a column B in which DMAC is removed via a side draw a purity of ≧99.7% by weight. |
| US08193387B2 |
Process for producing an unsaturated carboxylic acid from an alkane
A one-step vapor phase oxidation process produces an unsaturated carboxylic acid, such as acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, from an alkane, such as propane or isobutane, with a mixed metal oxide catalyst and an excess of alkane relative to oxygen. The unreacted alkane and the byproduct alkene are recycled to the reaction zone without separation. Overall yield and productivity of the unsaturated carboxylic improves for such a process. An analogous method for the preparation of unsaturated nitrites is also disclosed. |
| US08193382B2 |
Hydroxymethyl furfural oxidation methods
A method of oxidizing hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) includes providing a starting material which includes HMF in a solvent comprising water into a reactor. At least one of air and O2 is provided into the reactor. The starting material is contacted with the catalyst comprising Pt on a support material where the contacting is conducted at a reactor temperature of from about 50° C. to about 200° C. A method of producing an oxidation catalyst where ZrO2 is provided and is calcined. The ZrO2 is mixed with platinum (II) acetylacetonate to form a mixture. The mixture is subjected to rotary evaporation to form a product. The product is calcined and reduced under hydrogen to form an activated product. The activated product is passivated under a flow of 2% O2. |
| US08193380B2 |
Process for the preparation of enantiomerically pure 1-substituted-3-aminoalcohols
A salt of a carboxylic acid with an aminoalcohol of formula I. |
| US08193378B2 |
2H-chromene compound and derivative thereof
Provided is a compound which has an excellent S1P1 agonist action, and is useful particularly as an active ingredient for an agent for preventing and/or treating a disease induced by undesirable lymphocyte infiltration or a disease induced by abnormal proliferation or accumulation of cells. According to the present invention, a 2H-chromene compound or a derivative thereof which has an excellent S1P1 agonist action, and is useful particularly as an active ingredient of an agent for preventing and/or treating a disease induced by undesirable lymphocyte infiltration or a disease induced by abnormal proliferation or accumulation of cells can be provided. The 2H-chromene compound and a derivative thereof which are the compounds of the present invention have an S1P1 agonist action, and can be used particularly for prevention and/or treatment of a disease induced by undesirable lymphocyte infiltration or a disease induced by abnormal proliferation or accumulation of cells. |
| US08193372B2 |
Phosphothiophene and phosphothiazole HCV polymerase inhibitors
Provided herein are phosphothiophene and phosphothiazole compounds, for example, of any of Formulae I, IA, IIA, IIIA, IVA, VA, VIA, VIIA, IB, IIB, IIIB, IVB, VB, VIB and VIIB disclosed herein, pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds, and processes of preparation thereof. Also provided are methods of their use for the treatment of an HCV infection in a host infected with HCV. |
| US08193360B2 |
Radiolabelled fluorobenzamide analogues, their synthesis and use in diagnostic imaging
Fluoroalkoxybenzamide compounds which selectively bind Sigma-2 receptors are disclosed. These compounds, when labelled with 18F, can be used as radiotracers for imaging of tumors by positron emission tomography (PET). In addition, these compounds, when labelled with 123I, can be used as radiotracers for imaging of tumors by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Methods for synthesis of these compounds are also disclosed. |
| US08193359B2 |
G-protein coupled receptor agonists
Compounds of Formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or N-oxides thereof, are agonists of GPR116 and are useful for the treatment of obesity, and for the treatment of diabetes. |
| US08193357B2 |
Androgen receptor modulator compounds
Provided herein are compounds that bind to androgen receptors and/or modulate activity of androgen receptors, and to methods for making and using such compounds. Also provided are compositions including such compounds and methods for making and using such compositions. |
| US08193355B2 |
Process for preparing sodium risedronate hemipentahydrate
A novel process for preparing risedronate sodium hemipentahydrate represented by the following formula 1 using 2-(3-pyridyl)-1-hydroxyethane-1,1-bisphosphonic acid (risedronic acid) and an aqueous solution of risedronate sodium is disclosed. |
| US08193350B2 |
Fluorescent compound and labeling agent comprising the same
A novel fluorescent compound having a high light fastness, high fluorescence quantum yield and sharp absorption spectrum, which emits fluorescence having a wavelength in long wavelength region, as well as its use as a labeling agent, is disclosed. In Formula [I] below, by forming a specific hetero ring(s) with R1 and R2, and/or R6 and R7, shift of the wavelength of the fluorescence to longer wavelength and increase in molar extinction coefficient are attained maintaining the high light fastness, high fluorescence quantum yield and sharp absorption spectrum which the fluorescent dyes having the boron dipyrromethene skeleton have. |
| US08193348B2 |
System and method for recovering caprolactam from rearrangement mixtures
A system and a method for recovering caprolactam from a rearrangement mixture are provided. The system includes a neutralization unit; a buffering unit for receiving a crude lactam solution containing impurities content below a standard value and being fed from the neutralization unit; a temporary storage unit for receiving a crude lactam solution containing impurities above the standard value and being fed from the neutralization unit; a temporary extraction unit for performing batch extraction to separate out a first lactam solution; an extraction unit for performing continuous extraction to separate out a second lactam solution; and a recovery unit for allowing caprolactam to be recovered. In the present system and method, the crude lactam solution is selectively fed into the extraction unit for continuous extraction or to the temporary extraction unit for batch extraction, thereby maintaining continuity of operation, enhancing separation efficiency, and reducing both material consumption and purification loadings. |
| US08193342B2 |
Method for preparing furanose compounds
The present disclosure relates to methods for preparing furanose compounds of Formula (3), which are useful as intermediates in the preparation of a p-toluene sulfonic acid salt of 5-amino-3-(2′-O-acetyl-3′-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-3H-thiazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidin-2-one and the like. |
| US08193340B2 |
Preparation method of porous hyaluronic acid sponge for cell delivery system
Provided is a preparation method of a porous hyaluronic acid sponge comprising the steps of: dissolving hyaluronic acid in an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution; adding an epoxy-based crosslinking agent to the resultant aqueous sodium hydroxide solution in which hyaluronic acid is dissolved and homogenizing the hyaluronic acid solution; hydrogelating the homogenized hyaluronic acid solution; washing the hydrogelated hyaluronic acid hydrogel with ultrapure water; swelling the washed hyaluronic acid hydrogel to attain porosity; and freeze-drying the hyaluronic acid hydrogel to obtain a porous hyaluronic acid sponge. |
| US08193337B2 |
Oxidation process
A process for the preparation of an oligonucleotide having at least one phosphate internucleotide linkage I provided. The process comprises the steps of: a) forming a nascent oligonucleotide comprising a phosphorus (III) internucleotide linkage; and b) oxidation of the nascent oligonucleotide with aqueous iodine solution thereby to form a phosphorus (V) internucleotide linkage; wherein the oxidation is carried out in the presence of a base, the conjugate acid of said base having a pKa higher than the pKa of the conjugate acid of pyridine. Preferably the base is N-methylimidazole. |
| US08193334B2 |
Polymer-encapsulated reverse micelles
A method for encapsulating nucleic acids, particularly siRNAs, shRNAs, microRNAs, gene therapy plasmids, and other oligonucleotides in biodegradable polymers is disclosed, whereby the nucleic acids are formulated into reverse micelles composed of non-toxic and/or naturally-occurring lipids prior to nanoparticle formation by nanoprecipitation. This method can be coupled to other techniques that improve intracellular drug targeting, ultimately enhancing intracellular delivery of the aforementioned nucleic acids. |
| US08193333B2 |
Cancer therapy using Bcl-Xl-specific siNA
The invention relates to a double-stranded short interfering nucleic acid (siNA) molecule specific to the Bcl-XL transcript, comprising a sense and an antisense region, wherein the sense region comprises the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 1 or a sequence having at least 70% identity, preferably at least 80% identity, more preferably at least 90% identity with said sequence, and the antisense region comprises a nucleotide sequence that is complementary to the sense region, and its use for treating cancer. |
| US08193330B2 |
Polynucleotides comprising Neurogenin3 promoter and bHLH encoding domains
The present invention features polypeptides having activity of human neurogenin3 (hNgn3), and nucleic acid encoding such polypeptide. The invention also features use of islet transcription factors such as hNgn3 to facilitate production of pancreatic islet cells from progenitor cells, and to facilitate insulin delivery by production of islet cells so produced. |
| US08193329B2 |
Nucleic acids encoding anti-factor D antibodies
The invention relates to humanized anti-human Factor D monoclonal antibodies, their nucleic acid and amino acid sequences, the cells and vectors that harbor these antibodies and their use in the preparation of compositions and medicaments for treatment of diseases and disorders associated with excessive or uncontrolled complement activation. These antibodies are useful for diagnostics, prophylaxis and treatment of disease. |
| US08193327B1 |
High-activity mutants of butyrylcholinesterase for cocaine hydrolysis and method of generating the same
A novel computational method and generation of mutant butyrylcholinesterase for cocaine hydrolysis is provided. The method includes molecular modeling a possible BChE mutant and conducting molecular dynamics simulations and hybrid quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical calculations thereby providing a screening method of possible BChE mutants by predicting which mutant will lead to a more stable transition state for a rate determining step. Site-directed mutagenesis, protein expression, and protein activity is conducted for mutants determined computationally as being good candidates for possible BChE mutants, i.e., ones predicted to have higher catalytic efficiency as compared with wild-type BChE. In addition, mutants A199S/A328W/Y332G, A199S/F227A/A328W/Y332G, A199S/S287G/A328W/Y332G, A199S/F227A/S287G/A328W/Y332G, and A199S/F227A/S287G/A328W/E441D all have enhanced catalytic efficiency for (−)-cocaine compared with wild-type BChE. |
| US08193325B2 |
Processing method for nano-miniaturizing chitosan of modifying property
The present invention relates a processing method for nano-miniaturizing chitosan of modifying property, which degrades the chitosan of high molecular weight down to the chitosan of middle and low molecular weight, then primarily nano-miniaturizes the interim chitosan by quaternary ammonium salt/synthesis, finally yield the nano-miniaturized chitosan of modified property by sol-gel method to have features in good biocompatibility and bioactivity to be served as additive material in products of cosmetics, medical treatment, hygiene, health care, biomedicine, agriculture, textile, food and so like so that not only the antiseptic, moisture-retentive and deodorizing capabilities can be promoted but also the processing cost can be reduced due to easiness of the mass production. |
| US08193317B2 |
Freeze-dried fibrin matrices and methods for preparation thereof
Methods for producing porous freeze-dried fibrin matrices substantially devoid of external anti-fibrinolytic agents. Resilient matrices, also known as sponges, that are particularly beneficial for supporting three dimensional cell growth are obtained from plasma proteins substantially devoid of plasminogen or from partially purified plasma proteins, thus obviating the need for exogenous anti-fibrinolytic agents. Furthermore, incorporation of glycosaminoglycans and bioactive agents during the formation of the matrix results in a sponge having advantageous biological, mechanical and physical properties. The compositions made by the method of the present invention are useful clinically or as cell-bearing implants. |
| US08193316B2 |
TACI-Fc fusion proteins, methods of making and uses thereof
The subject invention relates generally to novel biologically active TACI-Fc fusion proteins that bind to BLyS and/or APRIL and uses thereof. The invention also relates to methods for recombinant production of homogeneous TACI-Fc fusion proteins on a large scale. |
| US08193315B2 |
Excitatory glycine receptors and methods
The invention provides isolated N-methyl-D-aspartate type 3B (NR3B) polypeptides, functional fragments and peptides, encoding nucleic acid molecules and polynucleotides, and specific antibodies. Also provided are excitatory glycine receptors, containing either NR3B or NR3A polypeptides. Further provided are methods for detecting excitatory glycine receptor ligands, agonists and antagonists. The invention also provides related diagnostic and therapeutic methods. |
| US08193314B2 |
Transcriptional engineering of Lactobacillus
The invention relates to global transcription machinery engineering to produce altered cells having improved phenotypes and methods for evaluating phenotypic diversity. |
| US08193308B2 |
Process for preparing fluorine-containing polymer and fluorine-containing polymer prepared by said preparation process
The present invention provides the process for preparing a fluorine-containing polymer which can easily and efficiently separate a fluorine-containing polymer and water from an aqueous dispersion of a fluorine-containing polymer, and the fluorine-containing polymer obtained by the mentioned preparation process. Further the present invention provides the molded article obtained by crosslinking a curable composition comprising the above-mentioned fluorine-containing polymer and a crosslinking agent. The preparation process is a process for preparing a fluorine-containing polymer comprising a step for heat-treating an aqueous dispersion of a fluorine-containing polymer having a concentration of 3 to 70% by weight to obtain the fluorine-containing polymer having a water content of not more than 1% by weight. |
| US08193304B2 |
Benzobisthiazole compound, benzobisthiazole polymer, organic film including the compound or polymer and transistor including the organic film
A benzobisthiazole compound having a specific formula, and a benzobisthiazole polymer having a specific benzothiazole structure. An organic film including the benzobisthiazole polymer, the benzobisthiazole compound and/or a polymer obtained from the benzobisthiazole compound. An organic thin-film transistor including an organic semiconductor layer including the organic film; a pair of electrodes configured to flow an electric current through the organic semiconductor layer; and a third electrode configured to apply a voltage to the organic semiconductor layer. |
| US08193300B2 |
Biodegradable aliphatic-aromatic copolyester
Biodegradable aliphatic/aromatic copolyester comprising 49 to 66 mol % of an aromatic polyfunctional acid; 51 to 34 mol % of an aliphatic acid, at least 70% of which is sebacic acid; and butandiol; and blends containing such copolyester. |
| US08193294B2 |
Networks containing perfluorocarbon organosilicon hyperbranched polymers
The present invention relates to hyperbranched copolymer networks containing hyperbranched copolymers that have perfluorocarbon and organosilicon entities that have high hydrophobicity, or high oleophobicity, or high thermal stability, or good adhesion to substrates, or any combinations thereof. This invention provides a further desirable combination of properties that include solubility before crosslinking, chemical resistance, and easy processibility. The copolymers may be crosslinked with a variety of crosslinking agents to give either rigid or elastomeric networks. |
| US08193292B2 |
Polymers containing borane or carborane cage compounds and related applications
Polymers comprising residues of borane and/or carborane cage compound monomers having at least one polyalkoxy silyl substituent. Such polymers can further comprise one or more reactive matrices and/or co-monomers covalently bound with the cage compound monomer residues. Methods of making and applications for using such polymers are also disclosed. |
| US08193291B2 |
Solution of metal-polymer chelate(s) and applications thereof
In a solution of metal-polymer (chelate(s) and applications thereof, a metal-polymer chelate is prepared by mixing water and R—COOH soluble carbohydride molecules and/or hydroxyl or hydroxyl amino and/or carboxyl and/or carbohydrate polymers, metal salts and/or ammonia or amines. The solution of metal-polymer chelate(s) is used extensively in different technical areas including oxidation, condensation, degradation, oxidizing condensation, gas detection, artificial imitated chitosan solution, artificial imitated glucosamine, disinfectant, biochemical reaction for fermentation, biological protein and its metabolite purification, metal enzyme biocatalyst, dry activation of protein enzyme, bacteria preservation systems, oil product, plant, semiconductor, nano filtration, nano material production, nano inorganic matter, nano ceramic, nano plastic, nano textile, battery, liquid crystal, and biochip. These reactions give effects for chemical engineering, gas removal, and waste solvent treatment. |
| US08193290B2 |
Steroid lipid-modified polyurethane as an implantable biomaterial, the preparation and uses thereof
A modified polyurethane including a lipid substituent from at least one urethane nitrogen and/or at least carbon atom of the modified polyurethane. |
| US08193288B2 |
Supported nonmetallocene catalyst and preparation thereof
This invention relates to a supported nonmetallocene catalyst for olefin polymerization, which is produced by directly reacting a nonmetallocene ligand with a catalytically active metallic compound on a carrier through an in-situ supporting process. The process according to this invention is simple and feasible, and it is easy to adjust the load of the nonmetallocene ligand on the porous carrier. The supported nonmetallocene catalyst according to this invention can be used for olefin homopolymerization/copolymerization, even in combination with a comparatively less amount of the co-catalyst, to achieve a comparatively high polymerization activity. Further, the polymer product obtained therewith boasts desirable polymer morphology and a high bulk density. |
| US08193287B2 |
Process for brominating butadiene copolymers by the addition of water or certain solvents
Butadiene copolymers are brominated using certain quaternary ammonium tribromides as the brominating agent. The bromination process proceeds easily under mild conditions, and produces a brominated product that has excellent thermal stability. A quaternary ammonium monobromide salt is produced as a reaction by-product. A solvent for the monobromide salt is added to the reaction after 25-90% bromination of the aliphatic carbon-carbon double bonds. This provides for significantly shorter reaction times while providing a product with few impurities. |
| US08193285B2 |
Block copolymers
It is to provide a block copolymer that can form a microphase separation structure even with a small molecular size, and that can form a microphase separation structure with a small domain size.It is a block copolymer represented by the formula A-C-B (wherein A represents a segment which is a homopolymer or random or block copolymer consisting of at least 1 kind or repeat units represented by formula (II); B represents a segment which is a homopolymer, or random or block copolymer consisting of at least 1 kind of repeat units represented by formula (III); C represents A, B or A-B; however, at least 1 segment of each A has a water-repellent group, or at least 1 segment of each B has a polar group); which block copolymer has a mass average molecular weight of 50,000 or less, and that can form a microphase separation structure. |
| US08193282B2 |
Thermoplastic resin composition
The present invention relates to a thermoplastic resin composition which excels in impact resistance, dimension stability and rigidity, and also excels in appearance, fluidity and paint film adhesion property, and further which is very useful as manufacturing materials for exterior parts of automobile.A thermoplastic resin composition comprising component (A): a polyamide resin; component (B): a hydrogenated product of block copolymer comprising vinyl aromatic polymer block (a) and conjugated diene based polymer block (b), and/or ethylene-α-olefin based block copolymer; component (C): a modified hydrogenated product of block copolymer comprising the vinyl aromatic polymer block (a) and the conjugated diene based polymer block (b), which hydrogenated product is modified by addition of an unsaturated acid and/or derivative thereof; component (D): a plate-like and/or needle-like inorganic filler; and component (F): an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer and/or a partial saponified product of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. |
| US08193279B2 |
Flexible, radiation-curable coating compositions
The present invention relates to new, radiation-curable coating compositions featuring high flexibility. |
| US08193277B2 |
Water/oil repellent composition, method for its production and method for treating article
To provide a water/oil repellent composition which is capable of imparting sufficient dynamic water repellency and post-air-drying water repellency to the surface of an article and which presents a low environmental impact, a method for its production and a method for treating an article.A water/oil repellent composition which comprises a copolymer having structural units based on the following monomer (a) and structural units based on the following monomer (b) and having a mass average molecular weight of at least 40,000, and a medium, is used. Monomer (a): a compound represented by (Z—Y)nX, wherein Z is a C1-6 polyfluoroalkyl group or the like, Y is a bivalent organic group or the like, n is 1 or 2, and X is a polymerizable unsaturated group. Monomer (b): an olefin, a homopolymer of which has a glass transition temperature of from −50° C. to 50° C. |
| US08193275B2 |
Aqueous dispersion, its production method, and its use
Aqueous dispersions including at least one thermoplastic resin; at least one dispersing agent; and water; wherein the dispersion has a pH of less than 12 are disclosed along with dispersions including at least one thermoplastic resin; at least one dispersing agent; and water wherein the dispersion has a volume average particle size of less than about 5 μm. Some dispersions include less than about 4 percent by weight of the dispersing agent based on the weight of the thermoplastic resin. Other dispersions include at least one propylene-rich alpha-olefin interpolymer; at least one dispersing agent; and water. Methods of making such dispersions are also described. |
| US08193274B2 |
Metal-clad laminates having improved peel strength and compositions useful for the preparation thereof
In accordance with the present invention, compositions are described which are useful, for example, for the preparation of metal-clad laminate structures, methods for the preparation thereof, and various uses therefor. Invention metal-clad laminate structures are useful, for example, multi-layer board (MLB) industry, in the preparation of burn-in test boards and high reliability boards, applications where low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) is beneficial, in the preparation of boards used in down-hole drilling, and the like. |
| US08193270B2 |
Method of making composites and nanocomposites
A deprotectable polymer, activating agent, and layered silicate are combined and the deprotectable polymer is at least partially deprotected to form a composite. The composite may be combined with a polymeric resin to form a nanocomposite. |
| US08193269B2 |
Silicone resin composition for optical semiconductor devices and an optical semiconductor device
Silicone resin composition for optical semiconductor devices, providing cured product wherein warpage in the devices is reduced and whiteness, heat-resistance, and light resistance are improved. The composition comprises: (A) an organopolysiloxane of the formula (CH3)aSi(OR1)b(OH)cO(4-a-b-c)/2 (1) wherein R1 is monovalent hydrocarbon and a, b, and c are numbers such that: 0.8<=a<=1.5, 0<=b<=0.3, 0.001<=c<=0.5, and 0.801<=a+b+c<2; (B) white pigment; (C) an inorganic filler other than the white pigment; (D) condensation catalyst; (E) an epoxy resin derived from isocyanuric acid; (F) an organopolysiloxane comprising unit R2SiO and unit RSiO1.5, wherein R is hydroxyl, methyl, ethyl, propyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl, vinyl, or allyl; and (G) a linear diorganopolysiloxane of the formula wherein R5 and R6 are alkyl, cyclohexyl, vinyl, phenyl, or allyl and n is an integer from 800 to 1200. |
| US08193267B2 |
Polymer compositions with bioactive agent, medical articles, and methods
A polymer composition that includes a hydrophilic polymer, an optional secondary organic polymer, and a bioactive agent distributed therein, wherein the bioactive agent is selected from the group consisting of a silver compound, a copper compound, a zinc compound, and combinations thereof. |
| US08193266B2 |
Method for the treatment of substrates
The use of compounds of the general formula I in aqueous binder-containing formulations, wherein the variables are each as defined as follows: R1 is selected from C1-C20-alkyl, straight chain or branched, or CO—C1-C19-alkyl or CO—C2-C19-alkenyl, straight chain or branched, R2 in each occurrence is the same or different and selected from C1-C3-alkyl, R3 is selected from C1-C20-alkyl, straight chain or branched, or CO—C1-C19-alkyl or CO—C2-C19-alkenyl, straight chain or branched, x is from 0 to 20, y is from 0 to 20, provided x and y are not both zero, a is from 1 to 3. |
| US08193261B2 |
Halogen-free flame retarding masterbatch with low phosphorous content, composition and process for preparing the same and flame retarding article containing the same
Disclosed herein is a composition for preparing a halogen-free flame retarding masterbatch with low phosphorous content. The flame retarding masterbatch includes a phosphorus-containing flame retardant in an amount of about 0.1-6 wt %, a sulfur-containing flame retardant in an amount of about 0.1-5 wt %, a tertiary or quaternary ammonium salt having tri- or tetra-functional groups in an amount of about 0.1-5 wt %, a thermoplastic polymer in an amount of about 79-99.6 wt %, and a dispersing agent in an amount of about 0.1-5 wt % in the composition. |
| US08193259B2 |
UV-curable pressure-sensitive adhesive composition with a fluorinated acrylic binder resin and pressure-sensitive adhesive film using the same
A photocurable pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA) composition includes an acrylic PSA binder, the acrylic PSA binder including at least one fluoro group in an amount of about 6 mol % to about 30 mol % based on a total amount of the acrylic PSA binder, a thermal curing agent, and a photoinitiator. |
| US08193255B2 |
Porous infusible polymer parts
Porous infusible polymer (IP) parts are made by incorporating 0.2 to 10 volume percent organic fibers, preferably with short lengths, into the particulate IP, consolidating the mixture under pressure and optionally heating, and then “burning off” the fibers. After the fibers are burned off the resulting part has porosity in which the pores are elongated, usually retaining the shape of the organic fibers. When these parts are exposed to moisture (which they usually absorb) and then suddenly heated they tend not to blister from vaporization of the water. This makes them useful as parts for aircraft (jet) and other engines and other applications where sudden temperature increase may occur. |