| Document | Document Title |
|---|---|
| US07809836B2 |
System and method for automating bios firmware image recovery using a non-host processor and platform policy to select a donor system
An embodiment of the present invention is a system and method relating to automatic firmware image update by proxy for BIOS or other embedded firmware image. When a server equipped with a baseboard management controller (BMC) and detects that its BIOS code image is corrupted or out of date, it may broadcast a request for an image update over an out-of-band network. One or more donor systems on the network may respond to the request and send the requestor a new image. The recipient system uses management policies to determine from which donor system to accept an update. In another embodiment, the BMC retrieves a new BIOS image from a predetermined location and updates the BIOS image accordingly. |
| US07809834B2 |
Methods, systems, and computer program products for communicating using a hybrid physical network
Network communication is provided by communicatively coupling a first device with a second device using first and second communication mediums having different bandwidths associated therewith. A communication session is established between the first and the second device so as to transfer data between the first and second devices using the first and second communication mediums. Data is transferred over the first communication medium using a first data rate and data is transferred over the second communication medium using a second data rate that is different than the first data rate. The data is processed at one or both of the first and second devices to account for the difference between the first and second data rates. |
| US07809817B2 |
Method and system for determining compatibility of computer systems
Systems and method for performing a consolidation analysis and visually representing the analysis are provided. The analysis is conducted by performing an audit, performing system compatibility and workload compatibility analyses using the audit data and rule sets. The results of the individual analyses are combined to create an overall compatibility co-habitation analysis and visual consolidation roadmap including scorecard information. The system and workload analyses may be performed to contribute to the overall co-habitation analyses, but also performed on their own. |
| US07809816B2 |
Imaging viewer systems and methods
Systems and methods according to the present invention address this need and others by providing images to a remote user through the use of instant messaging techniques. |
| US07809815B2 |
System and method for managing a flow of network status messages at a network operations console
A computer based system, computer program product, and method for managing network status message data flow. A computer based system, computer program product, and method are provided for managing the flow rate of network status messages to a remote network operations console. Detailed network status is abstracted into hierarchical levels of detail so that an appropriate level of detail can be provided from a flow control daemon to the requesting network operations console without exceeding a predetermined allocation of bandwidth set aside for network status reporting. |
| US07809811B1 |
System and method for operator network capable of problem determination and solution deployment
Aspects of the present invention may be seen in a network for customer care and distribution of update packages to electronic devices. The network supports efficient manage and update of firmware and software in electronic devices. A provisioning server in the network may employ provisioning means to update configuration, provision devices, and manage devices. The network may comprise an electronic device capable of receiving update packages. The electronic device may comprise an update agent capable of updating the electronic device; a diagnostic client that facilitates remote diagnosis; and a traps client that facilitates setting traps and retrieving collected information. |
| US07809809B2 |
Client provisioning using application characteristics template with flag parameters
A method, device, system, and a computer program product where client provisioning is done using a Provisioning Content Document with flag type parameters in an Application characteristics template. The flag concept represents flag-type information that is similar for many applications. |
| US07809807B2 |
Image forming system, image forming method, and server
In an image forming system which includes a plurality of image forming apparatuses, a server that manages the image forming apparatuses, and a client that issues a job request to the image forming apparatuses, the server has a memory for storing information which pertains to configurable functions of respective image forming apparatuses. When one of the server and client inputs a job to the image forming apparatus, and the input job is to be executed using a set of image forming apparatuses including a plurality of image forming apparatuses, a configuration required to execute the job is displayed on a display of the server or the client in association with respective image forming apparatuses in the set of image forming apparatuses on the basis of the information stored in the memory, thus allowing the user to configure functions in accordance with the display. In this way, the configurations and operations upon executing a single job using a plurality of image forming apparatuses can be facilitated. |
| US07809805B2 |
Systems and methods for automatically locating web-based social network members
Systems and methods for automatically locating web-based social network members are provided. According to one embodiment, contact content including an associated GPS identifier and status for web-based social network members located at or near the same location automatically appears on a GPS-enabled device. A further exemplary system includes a GPS-enabled device configured to receive a GPS identifier and a status representing a location and a current state for a web-based social network member, a processing module that associates the received GPS-identifier and the received status, and a communications module that sends the associated GPS-identifier and status to a server comprising a web-based social network database. Contact content in a web-based social network database record in the web-based social network database is updated to include the associated GPS identifier and status for the web-based social network member. |
| US07809803B2 |
System and method for transferring data to a portable electronic device
A method of transferring data to a portable electronic device includes providing a link for pushing data to the portable electronic device, receiving a selection of the push link, receiving an identifier of the portable electronic device for delivery of the data thereto, and transmitting the data to the portable electronic device. |
| US07809802B2 |
Browser based video editing
Embodiments of the present invention provide for a clip manipulation facility within a browser environment. Without limitation, the clip may be a video clip. An editing tool may be adapted to alter the appearance of a clip associated with the manipulation facility. |
| US07809801B1 |
Method and system for keyword selection based on proximity in network trails
Users who visit a network site typically visit other sites in the same session. The surfing pattern or “trail” through the pages may be significant once aggregated, because it outlines the underlining relationship between those pages or sites. Once such user navigational trail data is available, the relationship between network sites on such user trails may used to make various decisions regarding advertising and keyword management. Additionally, the relative popularity of each trail may be used to rank or compute relative weights for the various user trails. Such information may then aid in keyword suggestion and advertising decisions. |
| US07809800B2 |
Method for providing the location information on a mobile station based on DBM and TCP/IP
The present invention presents a method for providing the location information of a mobile station(MS) by selectively using a DBM-based method and a TCP/IP-based method on a global positioning system(GPS) in a mobile telecommunication network constituted of a client server, a mobile positioning center(MPC), a home location register(HLR), and a position determination Entity(PDE).By selectively using a DBM-based method or a TCP/IP-based method according to the type of requested service, the present invention enables to reduce the time required for obtaining the accurate location. Moreover, it can provide the requested location based service(LBS) on an MS even when the MS is on-line or on stand-by mode. |
| US07809798B2 |
Shared object stores for a networked computer system
A store of interfaced software objects are distributed between a server computer and multiple client computers to support an object oriented application communication environment that provides communication between software applications on each client computer. The application communication environment may include a central shared object store of interfaced software objects that operate on a server computer and communicate with one or more software applications on the server computer. A local shared object store of interfaced software objects operates on each client computer and communicates with the central shared object store and one or more software applications on that client computer. Changes to interfaced software objects in the local shared object stores may be automatically propagated to the interfaced software objects in the central shared object store. A local private object store of interfaced software objects may operate on a client computer and communicate with one or more software applications on the client computer. |
| US07809797B2 |
Parental control using social metrics system and method
A parent defines friend rules for on-line association with their child. Upon a request of an on-line stranger to be a new friend of the child, stranger information about the on-line stranger is retrieved and compared to the friend rules to determine whether the stranger is allowed, blocked or restricted from being a friend with the child. Accordingly, the parent only has to use a minimal amount of time in establishing the friend rules to protect the parent's child from on-line strangers. |
| US07809796B1 |
Method of controlling access to network resources using information in electronic mail messages
A method and apparatus for controlling access to network resources referenced in electronic mail messages comprises the computer-implemented steps of receiving an electronic mail message that comprises one or more hyperlinks; determining sender information that identifies a sender of the electronic mail message; creating and storing a record that associates the sender information with each of the one or more hyperlinks; receiving a request to access a specified hyperlink among the one or more hyperlinks; retrieving, based on the specified hyperlink, the record; retrieving, based on the sender information associated with the specified hyperlink, sender reputation information associated with the sender; determining, based on the sender reputation information, a particular action among a plurality of allowed actions; and issuing a network request to access the specified hyperlink only when the particular action is allowing user access to the specified hyperlink. |
| US07809795B1 |
Linguistic nonsense detection for undesirable message classification
Nonsense words are removed from incoming emails and visually similar (look-alike) characters are replaced with the actual, corresponding characters, so that the emails can be more accurately analyzed to see if they are spam. More specifically, an incoming email stream is filtered, and the emails are normalized to enable more accurate spam detection. In some embodiments, the normalization comprises the removal of nonsense words and/or the replacement of look-alike characters according to a set of rules. In other embodiments, more and/or different normalization techniques are utilized. In some embodiments, the language in which an email is written is identified in order to aid in the normalization. Once incoming emails are normalized, they are then analyzed to detect spam or other forms of undesirable email, such as phishing emails. |
| US07809793B2 |
Information transmission system by collaborative filtering, information processing apparatus for use with information processing system and program for use with information processing apparatus
A system is disclosed by which the load when a user tries to selectively communicate through a network with a person having information useful to the user from among a large number of persons can be distributed suitably on the network without the necessity for a large-scale network server. The user transmits profile information from a user apparatus to a plurality of different apparatus of different users. Each different apparatus uses the profile information and profile information of the user of the different apparatus to calculate correlativity between the users and sends back a result of the calculation. The user apparatus selects, from the results of the correlativity calculation from the different apparatus, an apparatus of a communication opposite party who exhibits a comparatively high correlativity, and issues a notification of or receives utilization information to or from the selected apparatus by communication. |
| US07809792B2 |
Conference information processing apparatus, and conference information processing method and storage medium readable by computer
A conference information processing apparatus includes an extracting unit that extracts partial conference audio and/or visual information from conference audio and/or visual information. The partial conference audio and/or visual information has one or more physical events of a conference participant. The apparatus also has a providing unit that provides an index for the partial conference audio and/or visual information in accordance with a functional action abstracted from the one or more physical events. |
| US07809788B2 |
System and method for managing client-server communications over a computer network using transmission schedule
A computer-implemented transmission scheme is provided to control client-server interchanges within a distributed communications network, such as a real time opinion research system. Interchanges include transmitting media streams between one or more clients to a server over a network. Periodic interchanges can be simultaneously or staggeredly transmitted to a sampling pool of active clients. A transmission mode unit implements the transmission scheme. A parameter selector establishes the transmission interval and transmission period used to trigger each interchange. A client assignor creates one or more sampling classes from the sampling pool by applying a sampling quotient generated by the parameter selector. A schedule editor produces a transmission schedule for the active clients. If more than one sampling class has been created, each sampling class would receive a separate transmission schedule for providing staggered transmissions at designated transmission intervals. The transmission schedule can include other data preparation and formatting instructions for compression, aggregation and packetization. |
| US07809787B2 |
Service providing apparatus, service providing method, and control program
A service providing apparatus has an obtaining unit that obtains specific information to specify a service of which the apparatus has been notified by a client device, and a response unit that outputs response information on the basis of whether or not the service specified by the obtained specific information can be provided. |
| US07809778B2 |
Idempotent journal mechanism for file system
Use and maintenance of an idempotent journal in a system having multiple metadata servers. A data modification operation is performed by a metadata server. A journal entry corresponding to the data modification operation is generated. The journal entry includes a file identifier and a journal sequence number corresponding to a data modification operation that created the file. |
| US07809775B2 |
Recording medium having data structure for managing playback control recorded thereon and recording and reproducing methods and apparatuses
The data structure on the recording medium includes a navigation area storing an information file. The information file includes a first playback indicator that identifies a navigation command field for execution at first playback of the recording medium. The identified navigation command field is also stored on the recording medium, and the identified navigation command field includes at least one navigation command. |
| US07809773B2 |
Comment filters for real-time multimedia broadcast sessions
Methods, apparatuses and systems directed to filtering comments presented to users in connection with multimedia content, such as video and audio content. In a particular implementation, there are two types of users of this system. A writer comments on sections of a real-time multimedia stream, while readers or viewers observe the discussion embodied by the comments that are displayed. |
| US07809772B2 |
Data change device, data generation device, related method, related recording medium, and related computer data signal
There is provided a data change device that includes a storage unit that stores a manipulation explanation data set and a result explanation data set related to each other, the manipulation explanation data set including at least an instruction acceptance image indicating an instruction acceptance unit for accepting an instruction to the data change device or an external device and a manipulation explanation image for explaining a manipulation of the instruction acceptance unit, and the result explanation data set indicating a phenomenon that results from a manipulation indicated by the manipulation explanation data set, a change acceptance unit that accepts a change to be made to the instruction acceptance unit, and a manipulation explanation data change unit that changes the manipulation explanation data set in accordance with the change if the change is accepted by the change acceptance unit. |
| US07809769B2 |
Database partitioning by virtual partitions
A database may be virtually partitioned into virtual partitions. The virtual partitions are mapped to physical databases of a database. Data records added to the database are each assigned to a virtual partition and stored in the physical database mapped to the assigned virtual partition. The identifier generated for a data record includes an identifier of the assigned virtual partition. When additional databases are created, virtual partitions are remapped to the larger space of physical databases. |
| US07809768B2 |
Method and apparatus for object oriented storage and retrieval of data from a relational database
Systems and methods for accessing a relational database through an object-oriented querying interface are provided. A class of objects that are to be stored in the relational database are defined. One or more relational database tables are created and a mapping is produced that maps each data member of an object to one or more columns in a relational database table. Additionally, object-oriented paradigms like inheritance may be supported and the allocation of storage for array elements may be deferred until necessary. |
| US07809767B2 |
Architecture for distributed computing system and automated design, deployment, and management of distributed applications
An architecture and methodology for designing, deploying, and managing a distributed application onto a distributed computing system is described. |
| US07809766B2 |
Writable shared database objects
A system may include a provider database, a reader database, and a database management system. The provider database may include a provider data area having a plurality of provider block addresses, and the reader database may include a reader data area having a plurality of reader block addresses, and a mapping of provider-specific identifiers to block addresses of the plurality of provider data pages and of reader-specific identifiers to block addresses of the plurality of reader data pages. The database management system may modify a database object of the reader database, the object being is associated with a provider-specific identifier; and modify the mapping to map the provider-specific identifier to a first block address of one of the plurality of reader data pages. |
| US07809765B2 |
Sequence identification and analysis
The present technique provides for the analysis of a data series to identify sequences of interest within the series. Specifically, in accordance with one embodiment of the present technique, a method is provided comprising generating a data structure that stores characteristics about a plurality of sequences present in a data series. One or more sequences are identified based upon the contents of the data structure. In accordance with other aspects of the invention, more than one heuristic is calculated for each sequence under review. The plurality of heuristics associated with each sequence are evaluated to identify a sequence of interest. |
| US07809764B2 |
Method and apparatus for preserving dependancies during data transfer and replication
Database objects, having interdependent relationships, are transferred for replication from a publisher to a subscriber in the order of a topological sort using a depth first search algorithm. When the depth first search algorithm attempts to enumerate all outgoing edges (dependencies) of a given node (database object), a request is made to begin an atomic transaction and then a temporary copy (e.g., via a T-SQL command) of the node/database object is created under a different name. The temporary copy is used to store dependency information that could otherwise be impaired by the replication process. Dependencies amongst database objects are thus preserved during the replication process through use of the temporary copy, as well as by transferring the database objects according to the topological sort order. |
| US07809763B2 |
Method(s) for updating database object metadata
Two computers are respectively programmed to generate descriptions of database objects (such as tables) in a first database, and compare the generated descriptions to corresponding schema objects in a second database. Objects in the second database are changed to conform to the first database if differences are found during comparison. The just-described differences in objects may arise due to changes being made to a software program that uses data contained in the objects. |
| US07809762B1 |
Outage-less database change operation
Techniques to update/change a database without incurring a user outage include receiving a user-specified change command which is then evaluated to determine which portion(s) of the target database will change as a result of the command. Shadow copies of those portions are then created and updated in accordance with the change command. The change command is next applied against the target database and any portion(s) placed in a restricted status because of this action are reset to an un-restricted state. The updated shadow portion(s) are then swapped for the corresponding portion(s) of the target database. |
| US07809758B2 |
Database and method of generating same
A database comprises a plurality of keys representing respective data items stored in the database and respective data tags associated with at least some of the data items. Data tags represent different identifiers or categories among which the associated data items are grouped. The database is arranged in the form of a tree-structured directed graph in which each of the plurality of keys is represented by a series of nodes and arcs defining a path between a root node and a terminal node, each node being linked to at least one other node by a respective arc, respective arcs for a given one of the plurality of keys representing a respective character or characters of the given key. The arcs and the nodes depending from the root node of data items which represent a sequence of characters shared by different keys are combined, and the data tags are associated with the arcs. |
| US07809755B2 |
Content management system and computer readable medium
A content management system includes a conversion a section, a display data storing section, a field section, an operation section and a management section. The conversion section converts content data into display data which is to be written into an electronic paper. The display data storing section stores the display data. The field storing section stores field data which includes identification information of a first user belonging to a field and identification information of the display data. The operation section accepts a request from a second user. The management section that allows, when the identification information of the first user contained in the field data coincides with identification information of the second user contained in the request accepted by the operation section, the display data indicated by the identification information contained in the field data to be written into the electronic paper. |
| US07809754B2 |
Method and computer program product for generating a lightweight ontological data model
A method, computer program product, and a data processing system for representing service relationships of a business process. A plurality of services are read, and first and second services of the plurality of services are selected. An output and effect of the first service is compared with an input and precondition of the second service. Responsive to the comparison, an evaluation is made to determine if the first service is related to the second service. Related services may then be linked by directed edges in a graph. |
| US07809753B2 |
System and method for selective advertising
The present invention relates to a system having an information image management server, an advertising agency terminal and a client computer connected with one another via a network, in which the information image management server extracted a client computer which meets a client specifying condition on the basis of client specifying condition information from the advertising agency terminal, then a message to carry out update or addition of an information image recorded in a management area of the extracted client computer is transmitted to the extracted client, and the client computer which has received the message carries out update or addition of an information image in accordance with the message. |
| US07809752B1 |
Representing user behavior information
A facility for analyzing user behavior information is described. The facility receives a stream of user behavior information. The facility augments a representation of user behavior in accordance with the received stream of user behavior information. The representation augmented by the facility is a sparse matrix of user behavior facts. The facility analyzes the sparse matrix to obtain an analysis result for the received stream of user behavior. |
| US07809750B2 |
Data management apparatus that controls a data storage apparatus by transmitting command of structured document format
A data management apparatus connected to a data storage apparatus via a network manages the data storage apparatus by transmitting a command of structured document format such as the extensible markup language format and receiving the information related to the executed command as response data of the structured document format. Since the information included in the command is expressed using the structured document format, the data storage apparatus can flexibly interpret the command by ignoring missing and excess information included in the command, and vice versa. |
| US07809749B2 |
High run-time performance system
A system and article of manufacture providing a high performance access control list. The preferred embodiments operate in a computer network having a plurality of users of the network and comprising a database management system and a content management system controlling access to a plurality of entities shareable by the users of the network, the content management system using an access control list table having group privilege rules and user privilege rules for controlling access to the entities. A high performance ACL system and article of manufacture is provided, the system and article including a run-time compiled ACL table, wherein the compiled ACL table provides resolved privilege rules for each of the users at run-time, and using the compiled ACL table, the content management system accesses user-selected ones of the entities based on the resolved privilege rules. |
| US07809748B2 |
Extended cell information in multidimensional data models
Sharable extended cell information is used by multidimensional data models to enable cell annotations and line item details. Annotations are notes stored with a cell in a multidimensional dataset. Line item details permit levels of numeric detail below the lowest dimensional granularity. When receiving a multidimensional dataset in response to a query, a client application receives indicator information at the cell level, indicating to the client application that extended cell information is retrievable. |
| US07809747B2 |
Fuzzy database matching
A method of improving the speed with which a sample such as a biometric sample can be fuzzily matched against records in a database, comprises extracting characteristics from the sample, and using those extracted characteristics as indexes (70) to address a lookup table (25). Each row within the lookup table points to an individual record occurrence list (28, 30, 32) which contain details of not only the stored records from which the given characteristic can be extracted, but also those records having an extracted characteristic which are within a defined proximity to the said characteristic. Characteristics are extracted from the sample record, and a given stored record is identified as being a possible match with the sample if it appears in a required number of record occurrence lists. |
| US07809746B2 |
System and method for managing simulation models
A system and method for viewing models and model variables within a sophisticated modeling environment is disclosed. The system provides varying levels of insight into a modeling infrastructure to help the user understand model and model variable dependencies, usage, distribution, and/or the like. The method includes storing model and model variable data within a relational database system, receiving a request from a user interfacing with the system via a web interface, extracting search criteria and presentation preferences from the request, formulating and executing one or more queries on the database to retrieve the required data, formatting the data in accordance with the request, and retuning the data to the requesting user in the form of a web page. |
| US07809744B2 |
Method and system for approximate string matching
Approximate string matching of a target string to a trie data structure. The trie data structure has a root node and generations of child nodes each node representing at least one character in an alphabet to provide a lexicon of words and word fragments. The trie data structure is traversed starting from the root node by comparing each node of a branch of the trie data structure to characters in the target string and adding characters traversed in a branch of the trie data structure to a gathered string to provide suggestions of approximate matches. If a node is reached that is flagged as a node for a word or a word fragment and, if the target string is longer than the gathered string, the traversal loops back to the root node, and continues to traverse from the root node. This enables the trie data structure to use word fragments for compound words and to split non-delimited words where appropriate. A determination may be made, at each node, as to whether there is a correction rule for one or more characters in the remainder of the target string from the current node, and if so, the correction rule is applied to the target string to obtain a modified target string. |
| US07809743B2 |
Computer program product and system for merging topically related e-mail in a collaborative work environment
A mechanism is presented for merging e-mail messages into a collated file. An e-mail message and its associated responses may be accessed and collated based on a selected pattern for responses. The set of e-mails may be collated into a single document with the responses associated with the particular message to which the response is directed. Using pattern matching operations in an iterative fashion, a response may be associated with the message that elicited the response whether the original message or a previous response. The form of association may be user selectable. |
| US07809740B2 |
Model for generating user profiles in a behavioral targeting system
A behavioral targeting system determines user profiles from online activity. The system includes a plurality of models that define parameters for determining a user profile score. Event information, which comprises on-line activity of the user, is received at an entity. To generate a user profile score, a model is selected. The model comprises recency, intensity and frequency dimension parameters. The behavioral targeting system generates a user profile score for a target objective, such as brand advertising or direct response advertising. The parameters from the model are applied to generate the user profile score in a category. The behavioral targeting system has application for use in ad serving to on-line users. |
| US07809739B2 |
Application configuration in distributed storage systems
A method and system for enabling dynamic matching of storage utilization characteristics of a host system application with the characteristics of the available storage pools of an attached distributed storage system, in order to provide an optimal match between the application and selected storage pool. An abstraction manager is provided, enhanced with a storage device configuration utility/module, which performs a series of tasks to (1) obtain/collect the correct configuration information from each connected storage device or storage pools and/or (2) calculate the configuration information when the information is not readily available. The storage device configuration module then normalizes, collates and matches the configuration information to the various applications running on the host system and/or outputs the information to a user/administrator of the host system via a software interface. By using the collected/calculated configuration information, applications are assigned to an optimal storage pool in an intelligent and efficient manner. |
| US07809737B2 |
Program, system and method for analyzing retrieval keyword
A retrieval keyword analyzing system extracts an access sequence indicating a continuous access by a same requester based on a Web access log which relates first identification data indicating an access requester to second identification data indicating contents to be accessed. The Web access log relates second identification data indicating a retrieval system to a retrieval keyword input to the retrieval system by the requester. The analyzing system extracts the retrieval keyword from the Web access log, calculates a qualitative evaluation value of the access sequence and creates relation data between the retrieval keyword and the qualitative evaluation value. |
| US07809733B2 |
Effort based relevance
Systems, methods, media, and other embodiments associated with effort based relevance in discussion forums are described. One example method includes receiving activity data concerning messages associated with electronic discussion forum topics. The activity data may include a view count (Vw), a book mark count (Bf), a reference count (Rf), and a reply count (Rp). The effort based relevance may be computed from Vw and one or more of, Bf, Rf, and Rp. Topics may be logically ordered using the effort based relevance. |
| US07809732B2 |
Method, apparatus, and storage media for image processing
To generating a mosaic image by combining a plurality of material images, an original image is divided into tiles and a material image having a characteristic similar to that of an image in each tile is applied to the tile. If more than one version of image data having different resolutions is provided as the image data for the material image, a low-resolution version of the image data is used to calculate a characteristic quantity of the image. Thus, the amount of time required to generate the mosaic image can be reduced. |
| US07809730B2 |
Method and system for creating database profiling indices
A database engine and optimizer framework support creation of a series of profiling indices over a column having character string data, such as a traditional “varchar” data type. The profiling indices result in a reduction of the number of records that are searched when searching for a sub-string match within that column. In some embodiments, the series of indices are created over a column that is typically searched using the LIKE predicate or some similar technique; these indices indicate for each record whether certain sub-strings may exist in that record's value in the column. Thus, the indices are used to find the rows that may match one or more portions of the particular term being queried or, in other words, eliminate those records that do not have at least a portion of the term to be matched. The number of records actually retrieved and searched for the query sub-string is thereby reduced. |
| US07809728B2 |
Recording/playback apparatus and method
A recording/playback apparatus records data and contents management information of the data on a randomly accessible recording medium, or plays back the data and contents management information from the recording medium. Upon changing the contents of group management information required to group arbitrary data independently of a file system, and management information, the contents of a playlist indicating a playback sequence of the data are changed. Upon creating a playlist, group management information corresponding to that playlist is automatically created, and a data list to be referred to by the playlist is updated. |
| US07809724B2 |
Method and system for responding to user-input based on semantic evaluations of user-provided expressions
A method for processing user input includes the step of receiving, during a session, via one of a plurality of media gateways, from a user, an expression having a semantic structure. The semantic structure of the expression is evaluated. An expression type is identified, responsive to the evaluation of the semantic structure. Based on the expression type, a response to the expression is generated. A determination is made as to whether to store the received expression, the response, and an identification of the user. |
| US07809721B2 |
Ranking of objects using semantic and nonsemantic features in a system and method for conducting a search
The invention provides for a system for ranking data including a first calculation component that calculates a qualitative semantic similarity score of at least one data entry from at least one data source, a second calculation component that calculates a general quantitative score of the at least one data entry from at least one data source, a third calculation component that combines the qualitative semantic similarity score and the general quantitative score of the at least one data entry from at least one data source into a vector score for the at least one data entry, and a ranking component that ranks the at least one data entry among other data entries using the vector score. General qualitative scores such as distance scores are never overruled by semantic scores. |
| US07809719B2 |
Predicting textual candidates
Embodiments are provided to predict and suggest one or more candidates. Words, acronyms, compound words, phrases, and other textual and symbolic representations can be predicted and suggested to a user as part of an input process or other user operation. In an embodiment, a number of textual candidates can be predicted based in part on user input and data stored in a store component. The number of predicted textual candidates can be suggested to a user as a number of suggested textual candidates. Embodiments enable a user to select an appropriate textual candidate from the number of suggested textual candidates, while reducing a number of associated user operations. |
| US07809717B1 |
Method and apparatus for concept-based visual presentation of search results
A method and apparatus is provided for visually coding or sorting search results based on the similarity of the search results to one or more concepts. A search query containing search terms is used to conduct a web search and obtain search results comprising a number of document surrogates describing the located web pages. Concepts are obtained using the search terms and the similarities between the obtained concepts and the search results are evaluated. The search results are then displayed in a manner that indicates the relative similarity of search results to one or more of the determined concepts, such as by sorting the search results based on the level of similarity of the search results to one or more concepts or by providing an accordance indicator with each displayed search result, the accordance indicators indicating the similarity of the corresponding search result with one or more of the concepts. |
| US07809716B2 |
Method and apparatus for establishing relationship between documents
The present invention is directed to a method and apparatus for establishing documents relationship based on user's operation upon search result. When a user uses search engine to search for documents with a query in repository, the search result may be a list of ranked documents, and these documents may contain a lot of relationship in term of the specific query. If the user clicks some search result further, and if the click and open operation meet certain conditions, for example exceed a period of time, the clicked document could be deemed as related to the search query. Furthermore it could be inferred that there is a strong relationship between different documents clicked by the user. The present invention records the relationship between documents and presents it to the user when necessary. |
| US07809710B2 |
System and method for extracting content for submission to a search engine
A system and a method for automatically submitting Web pages to a search engine, which is preferably used for submitting dynamic Web pages, but may optionally be used for any type of Web page. The present invention features a gateway server for providing these Web pages to the search engine, either directly or optionally through an autonomous software search program. Optionally and more preferably, the gateway server modifies the Web page before serving it to the autonomous software search program and/or search engine. |
| US07809709B1 |
Search engine system, method and device
A “Build-Your-Own-Search-Engine” system allows a user to define his own search algorithm(s) and deploy his own customized search engine using said custom algorithm. The system includes a ranking method whereby relevancy scores are assigned to ranked items according to user-submitted URLs, terms, and weights, thereby allowing a whole user community to maintain and further customize the search engine to reflect their own interests, opinions, and tastes. Revenue-sharing and other steps are also disclosed. Licensing information may be obtained through http://www.inventerprise.com. |
| US07809708B2 |
Information search using knowledge agents
A method for searching a corpus of documents, such as the World Wide Web, includes defining a knowledge domain and identifying a set of reference documents in the corpus pertinent to the domain. Upon inputting a query, the corpus is searched using the set of reference documents to find one or more of the documents in the corpus that contain information in the domain relevant to the query. The set of reference documents is updated with the found documents that are most relevant to the domain. The updated set is used in searching the corpus for information in the domain relevant to subsequent queries. |
| US07809705B2 |
System and method for determining web page quality using collective inference based on local and global information
An improved system and method is provided for determining web page quality using collective inference based on local and global web page information. A classification engine may be provided for classifying a web page using local features of a seed set of web pages and global web graph information about the seed set of web pages. A dual algorithm based on graph regularization formulated as a well-formed optimization solution may be used in an embodiment for applying collective inference for binary classification of the web page using the local web page information and global web graph information of a web page, the local web page information and global web graph information of an authoritative set of web pages, and the local web page information and global web graph information of a non-authoritative set of web pages. |
| US07809704B2 |
Combining spectral and probabilistic clustering
Data clustering is performed by executing a spectral technique, embedded within a probabilistic technique. In one embodiment, the probabilistic technique is performed by a generative model, and the spectral technique is performed within the generative model. In another embodiment, the probabilistic technique is performed by an aspect model, and the spectral technique is performed within the aspect model. |
| US07809697B1 |
Compressing hyperlinks in a hyperlink-based document
A computer-implemented method can include accessing a network-accessible document that is formatted according to a hypertext markup language and that has a plurality of hyperlinks; producing a transcoded document from the network-accessible document; and providing the transcoded document to a computing device. Producing the transcoded document can include concatenating two or more of the plurality of hyperlinks to form a compression seed, compressing the compression seed with a compression algorithm to form a compressed seed, storing the compressed seed as a base hyperlink in the transcoded document, and compressing each of the plurality of hyperlinks. Compressing each hyperlink can include concatenating each hyperlink with the compression seed, compressing the concatenated hyperlink and compression seed to form a seed portion corresponding to the compression seed and a link portion corresponding to the hyperlink, extracting the seed portion, and substituting in the transcoded document the link portion for the hyperlink. |
| US07809696B2 |
System and method for matching similar master data using associated behavioral data
A system and method for matching similar master data using associated behavioral data, for example transactional data. Matching accuracy is significantly increased. Master data may be thought of as nouns. Behavioral data is associated with master data as verbs are related to nouns. Specifically, behavioral data is data associated with an action taken by a master data object. Behavioral data may include temporal and non-temporal data. Temporal data for example may include time and/or duration that a behavior occurred. Non-temporal data may include a physical location, a product, a phone number or any other quantity other than time. Using behavioral data in duplication testing adds another dimension to de-duplication that is not achieved through comparison of master data object fields alone. For example, a duplication test on two similar “person” records with similar “name” field values is improved by comparing associated “behavior” data, (phone numbers called by each “similar person”). |
| US07809691B1 |
System and method of applying incremental changes prior to initialization of a point-in-time copy
Various systems and methods are disclosed for applying incremental changes prior to initialization of a point-in-time copy. For example, one method involves identifying an incremental change to information stored on a primary device. The incremental change is identified subsequent to a first point in time. The incremental change is applied to a first target device, prior to completing initialization of a second target device. The initialization of the second target device initializes the second target device as a point-in-time copy of the primary device. The point-in-time copy of the primary device is a copy of the primary device at the first point in time. |
| US07809685B2 |
Secure and efficient methods for logging and synchronizing data exchanges
A method and apparatus is disclosed herein for logging and/or synchronizing data exchanges. In one embodiment, the method comprises receiving a request from a requester to post data to a first log, identifying the log based on a context identifier in the request indicative of a location of the first log and digital data associated with a document corresponding to the first log, creating a first entry based on data in the request, appending the first log with the first entry, calculating a first identifier based on log entries in the first log, and sending the first identifier to the requester. |
| US07809684B2 |
Electronic device having file restore function and method thereof
An electronic device having a file restore function and a method thereof are provided. The electronic device includes a formatting unit for performing a backup of data that is used for file management in a backup region of a recording medium, and formatting the recording medium by initializing a region in which the data is recorded; and an unformatting unit for unformatting the recording medium by restoring the backup data in the backup region. Accordingly, files recorded in the recording medium can be all restored by unformatting the formatted recording medium. |
| US07809681B2 |
Method for analyzing data and data analysis apparatus
When logs are analyzed, an analysis with consistency is carried out on the presumption that shifting occurs among time stamps of logs output from a plurality of apparatuses engaged in time correction amount. In a log analysis apparatus which receives logs from a plurality of computers for generating a plurality of logs for analysis, for the plurality of logs output from the plurality of computers, a time stamp recorded in each log is corrected based on a time correction log according to a consistency rule among the logs. |
| US07809678B2 |
Fact dimensions in multidimensional databases
The subject invention pertains to systems and methods for interacting with fact dimensions. In particular, systems and methods are disclosed that optimize performance and scalability with respect to processing queries that involve fact dimensions. Furthermore, queries involving fact dimensions can be evaluated in distinct manners. For instance, queries can be processed such that regular dimensions restrict the scope of the data and only fact dimension members that are relevant to that scope are exposed. |
| US07809677B2 |
Data processing method, portable player and computer
To provide services according to preference of a user by a computer even when the user reproduces content data by using a portable player as a reproduction apparatus; the portable player generates a reproduction history data of reproduction of a content data in a state of not connected to a charger, while when the portable player is connected to the charger, the reproduction history data is output from the portable player to the personal computer via the charger. |
| US07809676B2 |
Rules engine for warehouse management systems
A novel rules engine which automates many warehouse processes, and provides for efficient management of a warehouse. The rules engine provides a flexible and customizable structure for modeling the many different types of processes governing the function of a warehouse. The rules engine translates business level logic into code for manipulating the warehouse database. The rules engine allows a user to create their own user logic for working with the database, which operates at a level of abstraction more feasible for the user. The rules engine understands the user logic by the way the user decides how to string various restrictions together. The rules engine implements the translation via its internal understanding of the structure of the particular application. Thus, the rules engine allows the user to define logic without understanding how to manipulate a database. |
| US07809675B2 |
Sharing state information among a plurality of file operation servers
A method and apparatus for sharing state information among a plurality of servers is provided. A first server receives a request to perform a file operation, such as a NFS file system operation. Thereafter, the first server updates state information to reflect a change in state associated with processing the request. The first server then causes state update information, which identifies the change in state that was made at the first server, to be propagated to a second server. The second server updates state information, stored at the second server, to reflect the change in state associated with processing the request at the first server. Advantageously, a client may send a series of stateful file operations to either the first server or the second server, even if processing any one of the stateful file operation requests requires knowledge of the state of processing prior requests in the series of requests. |
| US07809674B2 |
Supporting B+tree indexes on primary B+tree structures with large primary keys
A system for organizing and accessing a database. The system includes a primary B+tree index, a secondary B+tree index, a plurality of mapping table row identifiers stored in the secondary B+tree index and a plurality of database addresses for leaf blocks of the primary B+tree index corresponding to mapping table rows. |
| US07809673B2 |
Methods and apparatus for interfacing external systems with vehicle electronic systems
One embodiment is directed to providing access between external systems and embedded vehicle electronic systems. That is, an interface module may receive information from a system external to the vehicle, determine an embedded system of the vehicle to which to provide the information, and provide the information to the embedded system. Similarly, the interface module may receive information a embedded electronic systems of a vehicle, determine a system external the vehicle to which to provide the information, and provide the information to the external system. |
| US07809672B1 |
Association of data with a product classification schema
A computer-implemented system (10) for associating target data with a product classification schema includes a data association module (39) that accesses the product classification schema. The schema includes a taxonomy that includes a hierarchy of classes into which products may be categorized. The schema further includes ontologies that are associated with one or more of the classes. Each ontology includes one or more product attributes. The data association module (39) accesses the target data to be associated with the schema and determines one or more classes with which at least a portion of the target data should be associated. This determination is based on a comparison between the target data and the product attributes of the ontologies or between the target data and values for one or more of the product attributes. Furthermore, the data association module (39) associates at least a portion of the target data with one or more classes in response to determining one or more classes with which at least a portion of the target data should be associated. |
| US07809670B2 |
Classification of malware using clustering that orders events in accordance with the time of occurance
The present invention is directed to a method and system for automatically classifying an application into an application group which is previously classified in a knowledge base. More specifically, a runtime behavior of an application is captured as a series of events which are monitored and recorded during the execution of the application. The series of events are analyzed to find a proper application group which shares common runtime behavior patterns with the application. The knowledge base of application groups is previously constructed based on a large number of sample applications. The construction of the knowledge base is done in such a manner that each sample application can be classified into application groups based on a set of classification rules in the knowledge base. The set of classification rules are applied to a new application in order to classify the new application into one of the application groups. |
| US07809667B1 |
Rule-based network resource compliance
A compliance manager enables creation of policies and corresponding rules to test compliancy of network resources via evaluation of collected data associated with the network resources. For example, each of one or more rules associated with a respective network compliance policy has a corresponding rule scope definition indicating which portion of collected network resource data to use for verification purposes. Each rule also has a corresponding set of selected compliance conditions. The compliance conditions specify what values the portions of collected resource data as specified by the rule scope definition should be in order to be compliant. During a compliancy check, the compliance manager applies the rule scope definition to the collected data to produce a set of network resource data to be verified. Thereafter, the compliance manager determines compliancy by checking whether the produced set of network resource data matches the corresponding compliance conditions as specified for the rule. |
| US07809664B2 |
Automated learning from a question and answering network of humans
A QA robot learns how to answer questions by observing human interaction over online social networks. The QA robot observes the way people ask questions and how other users respond to those questions. In addition, the QA robot observes which questions are most helpful and analyzes those questions to identify the characteristics of those questions that are most helpful. The QA robot then uses those observations to enhance the way it answers questions in the future. |
| US07809662B2 |
Computer-assisted method of creating a visual aid for solving a complex problem
A computer-assisted method for analyzing a complex problem and creating an alpha-triadic representation with five degrees of articulation illustrating the relationships among its various parameters. |
| US07809661B2 |
Modeling and automatic filtering/tracking real-time events using dynamic relational bayesian networks
The present invention includes relation-Bayesian-network-based tracking methods. Various, distinct embodiments of the present invention include tracking methods for: real-time relational tracking of e-commerce segmentation and personalization, in-residence tracking of elderly and disabled people, real-time relational tracking for ground target tracking and real-time relational tracking of satellites and satellite constellations. |
| US07809656B2 |
Microhistorians as proxies for data transfer
Systems and methods that enable historians (e.g., micro-historians) to function as proxies, to supply plant level data, (e.g., history data) back to the controllers. Accordingly, typically such micro historians can function as clients/servers, to provide higher level data to the controllers (e.g., from third part databases). The historians can create a proxy that image an object on a server associated with controllers (e.g., programmable logic controller.) Such objects can contain data; pieces of code; attributes; operations or combinations thereof, for example. |
| US07809650B2 |
Method and system for providing risk information in connection with transaction processing
A system for providing real-time risk mitigation for an authorization system. The system receives authorization requests from multiple merchants (or their respective acquirers) and processes such requests. Each processed request is then forwarded to its corresponding issuer for further authorization. Each processed request includes an authorization message. The authorization message can include a risk score, a number of reason codes, and a number of condition codes. The use of the risk score, reason codes and condition codes allows issuers to make better informed decisions with respect to providing authorizations. |
| US07809641B2 |
System and method for funding a collective account
A system and method for funding a collective account such as a charitable account includes issuing a plurality of financial instruments, linking the financial instruments to the collective account, aggregating individual financial instrument usage, calculating a bonus or other reward based on the aggregate financial instrument usage and funding or distributing the reward to the collective account. According to the invention, members of a civic, charitable, political or other entity may generate collective rewards or other benefits which may be attributed to the designated organization. |
| US07809639B2 |
System and method to provide interoperable service across multiple clients
Methods and systems for servicing requests made from any of multiple user interfaces associated with a user are provided. A request from one of the plurality of user interfaces is received. Information associated with each of the plurality of user interfaces is retrieved, and based upon the retrieved information and the received request, a set of features to be included in a user presentation is selected. The user presentation is then generated based on the selected set of features, and transmitted to the user interface from which the request was received. |
| US07809638B1 |
Methods and apparatus for child support payment processing and child support disbursement processing
This disclosure describes a child support payment and child support disbursement system, wherein an employee (who is a noncustodial parent who owes a child support obligation) authorizes a child support payment and child support disbursement to an employer and the employer processes the child support payment and child support disbursement through an accumulator agency. The accumulator agency processes the child support payment as a debit-based transaction and processes the child support disbursement as an addendum-based transaction. The payment may be made to the accumulator agency, to a state, or to any other entity. The disbursement may be made to a custodial parent, to a state, to a state entity, or to any other recipient. |
| US07809634B1 |
Enterprise-wide total cost of risk management using ARQ
The invention relates to the business disciplines known as Enterprise Risk Management, or ERM and with the addition of this invention, Strategic Risk Management, or SRM. It specifically relates to the quantification or measurement and validation of the historical impact of all risks and risk management activity on an organization. The invention provides a methodology to measure, baseline, track and benchmark the total cost of all historical risk events, including both positive and negative events, and risk-related activities that impact the earnings of an organization. |
| US07809632B2 |
System and method for assigning responsibility for trade order execution
An embodiment of the present invention provides a system and method for a sponsoring organization to: (1) utilize a rules-based computer system to capture trade orders from sub-advisors (money management firms) in order to implement a pre trade compliance review process, thereby enabling the sponsoring organization to prevent the execution of trade orders by a sub advisor that violates securities laws and/or account restrictions; and (2) determine and assign, based on expected market impact of a trade order to buy or sell securities, whether responsibility (discretion over the decisions related to how, when and with whom a trade order is executed) for executing the trade order is assigned to the money management firm for an investment portfolio or to the sponsoring organization of that portfolio. Trade orders are categorized in real-time as “high touch” (significant effort and market impact) or “low touch” (insignificant effort and market impact). |
| US07809631B2 |
Cross-currency implied spreads
The disclosed systems and methods relate to allowing trading of over the counter (“OTC”) foreign exchange (“FX”) contracts on a centralized matching and clearing mechanism, such as that of the Chicago Mercantile Exchange's (“CME”'s) futures exchange system (the “Exchange”). The disclosed systems and methods allow for anonymous transactions, centralized clearing, efficient settlement and the provision of risk management/credit screening mechanisms to lower risk, reduce transaction costs and improve the liquidity in the FX market place. In particular, the disclosed embodiments increase speed of execution facilitating growing demand for algorithmic trading, increased price transparency, lower cost of trading, customer to customer trading, and automated asset allocations, recurring trades as well as clearing and settlement efficiencies. |
| US07809629B2 |
Market participant issue selection system and method
A system and method of allocating rights for quoting issues on a trading facility such as an exchange is described. The method may include providing market participants such as remote market makers with a listing of issues available for remote quote streaming where the available issues are ranked according to predetermined trading parameters. A market participant requests allocations of rights to certain issues and the request is filtered according to a value associated with the ranking of the selected issues. The system includes an issue selection database having a listing of issues available for trading where each issue is ranked based on a trading parameter. An issue selection communication module communicates with the issue selection database and is configured to list available issues and rankings. An issue allocation filter receives a market participant request and compares the selected issues in that request to one or more exchange-based rules. |
| US07809627B2 |
Balancing arbitragable tracking securities
A financial product is based on a first fund that is traded on a trading marketplace in a first country. The financial product is registered in the first country. The first fund has the characteristics of being based on an index of securities that are traded in a second, different country. The first fund is arbitragable with a second fund that is based on the index and which is registered in a second different country. The first fund has a creation unit basis that is substantially the same basis as a creation unit basis for the second fund. The calculation of the net asset value of the first fund occurs at essentially or exactly the same time that second country fund has its NAV calculated. The agent for the first fund has the option of providing or accepting second fund shares or other securities, rather than cash, to cover “cash amount” obligations. Such obligations arise from the need to equate the value received or given for the first fund shares (e.g., the creation unit stock basket plus or minus the “cash amount”) with the NAV of the first fund shares that it has issued or received. |
| US07809626B2 |
Portfolio optimization
A method for comparing, creating and optimizing investment portfolios is provided. The utility function for an investment is characterized, and the optimization problem for the utility function is stated based on investor preferences and risk tolerance. According to one embodiment, the measure of relative performance of investment portfolios is calculated based on the investor utility function. According to another embodiment, guidelines for generating an optimized portfolio for the investor from the plurality of asset classes available, are mapped out. |
| US07809622B1 |
Method and system for generating an employment metric
A method for generating an employment metric involves obtaining employer payroll data from multiple business applications and obtaining personal income data from multiple financial management applications, where personal income data indicate at least one income source absent from employer payroll data. The method further involves aggregating employer payroll data and personal income data to obtain aggregated employment data, and generating the employment metric using aggregated employment data. |
| US07809621B2 |
On-premise renewable generation securitization
A method of securitizing at least one on premises renewable power systems, the method comprising: providing at least one customer to provide a group of customers, wherein at least one customer has a on premises renewable power system and on premises renewable power system has associated on premises renewable power system characteristics and each customer has customer variables; providing a contractual relationship between each customer and a third party; determining the anticipated recurring fees for the group of customers according to the on premises renewable power system characteristics and customer variables; determining the anticipated monthly cash flow of group of customers according to the anticipated recurring fees; and securitizing the on premises renewable power system according to anticipated monthly cash flow and customer variables. |
| US07809617B1 |
Payment processing with selection of a risk reduction technique
A technique for making a payment to a payee on behalf of a payor by a payment service provider is provided. The service provider identifies one or more risk reduction techniques available for use in fulfilling a received payment request. The risk reduction techniques are identified based upon the received payment request. An identified technique is selected and payment is made according to that selected risk reduction technique. |
| US07809612B2 |
Image receiving apparatus
An image receiving apparatus includes: an image acquisition part for acquiring image data; a display control part 21 for displaying the acquired image data on a monitor screen; an image correction select part 23 for selecting image correction to be made to one frame's worth of image data among the acquired image data; a first charging information display part 24 for displaying charging information on the selected image correction; an order contents determination part for determining order contents for image recording processing based upon all the image data acquired; and a second charging information display part 25 for displaying all the charging information on at least the image correction, prior to determination of the order contents. |
| US07809605B2 |
Altering keyword-based requests for content
Systems and methods are provided for increasing user response to advertisements. Methods include identifying a base request from an advertisement requester, identifying a first keyword and a second keyword associated with the base request, ranking the first keyword and the second keyword based on a user response history associated with the first keyword and the second keyword, and identifying the higher ranked of the first keyword and the second keyword to be used to dynamically alter the base request. |
| US07809604B1 |
Method and apparatus for component plan analysis under uncertainty
A representative implementation of a method begins when a planner captures assumptions about products and components in an entity called a “scenario.” A scenario is the parameterization of all the demand, financial, and operational information for a portfolio of products and components across a set of time buckets (planning periods). The planner then specifies a component plan to be analyzed, which identifies the quantities of each resource that will be used or procured during each planning period. A request for analysis includes one or more analysis parameters that will be used in order to evaluate the performance and the risks associated with the component plan and scenario. The request for analysis is submitted to an analysis engine for calculation of risk indicators. The analytical engine calculates all the performance indicators and returns the results. The results are then typically stored in a database or other persistent storage system. |
| US07809603B2 |
Advertising request and rules-based content provision engine, system and method
A clearinghouse apparatus, system and method for content, including an ad generator, an ad generator interface by which a user can interact with the ad generator, wherein, in an interaction with the ad generator using the ad generator interface, at least one content item other than content owned by the user is requested for inclusion in a creative, a content provision rules engine having a plurality of rules asserted by the owner of the content to govern the inclusion of the content in the creative, including at least one upsell rule, and a content provision interface by which the owner of the content can interact with the content rules engine to assert the plurality of rules. The invention may additionally include an approval engine, wherein ones of the plurality of rules necessitate that the creative be reviewed and approved by the owner prior to the inclusion of the content, and an approval engine interface by which the owner can interact with the approval engine. |
| US07809599B2 |
Selection of items based on relative importance
Methods and systems for prioritizing items and displaying those items in a single view of a personal information management (PIM) application are disclosed. PIM software can prioritize items for display in the single view based on a comparison of the date of creation of the item versus the amount of time remaining to complete the item. PIM software may also take into account a priority level of the item. As an item has less time remaining as compared to the date of creation, the likelihood the item will be included in the single display increases. Any item whose due date is ‘today’ may be included in the single view. Items without due dates might not ever appear in the single view. Users can thus get a quick overview of items that need to be taken care of that day, without being inundated with items that can wait until another day. |
| US07809591B1 |
Systems and methods for implementing real estate value insurance
To protect a person with a property interest in real property against a loss of market value thereof, a base market value of the real property is determined at a current time when the property interest in the real property arises or thereafter, and a number of types of events that cause the real property to lose market value as compared with the base market value are defined. A number of the defined types of events are selected, and a real estate market value policy is issued to the person at about the current time. The policy promises to compensate the person for any loss experienced by the person if the real property loses market value as compared with the base market value based on any of the selected types of events. |
| US07809590B2 |
Healthcare charge capture and information delivery system and method
A provider-patient encounter device delivers medical information and services by receiving content from context sponsors, linking the content to service codes and presenting the content to providers. The service codes represent medical procedure codes and medical diagnosis codes. Each service code includes a provider demographic code, a service priority code, and a supplemental service code. The provider-patient encounter device presents a selectable list of service codes and presents content from a context sponsor assigned to a service code when the provider selects the service code from the selectable list of service codes. |
| US07809588B1 |
Systems and methods for supporting extended pay date options on an insurance policy
A recurring automatic payment date may be set for an insurance policy premium based on customer preference. A server may receive a customer-specified day of a month and/or a request for bimonthly withdrawals, such as may be entered via a user interface on an insurance company webpage. The customer specified day(s) may be analyzed against data associated with the insurance policies to determine whether the day is disallowed. The day may be disallowed, for example, because it would result in falling behind an earned premium curve and thereby require a double bill or short bill to stay ahead of the earned premium curve. |
| US07809586B2 |
Computerized method and system for estimating an effect on liability using a comparison of the actual speed of a vehicle in an accident and time and distance traveled by the vehicles in a merging vehicle accident
Computer-implemented methods and systems for estimating liability for a vehicle accident are provided. In one embodiment, the theoretical paths of a straight traveling vehicle and of a turning vehicle may be estimated. In certain embodiments, the turning vehicle may be merging into the same lane as the straight traveling vehicle. The opportunity of at least one vehicle, traveling at a specified speed, to avoid the accident may be assessed. In an embodiment, a contribution to liability to at least one vehicle may be estimated based on the opportunity of the vehicle to avoid the accident. |
| US07809585B1 |
System and method for patient-specific optimization of medical therapy by simultaneous symbolic reasoning in all clinical dimensions
A particular system and methodology by which a drug or medical therapy regimen is defined for any particular patient in a manner that takes not only a drug or therapy's effectiveness into account, but also an entire spectrum of relevant clinical dimensions so as minimize the possibility of harmful interactions while simultaneously maximizing pharmacotherapy potential. Furthermore, as a consequence of its construction, no medically relevant rule can be overlooked by the reasoning system. The system and methodology utilizes a computerized dimensional indexing system implementing multiple databases and performs therapeutic determinations by symbolic structural reasoning with respect to database elemental indices. |
| US07809584B2 |
Message and program system supporting communication
A method is provided for facilitating messaging upon a network involving a physician(s), a patient(s) and a workflow engine. Each physician and patient may operate a computer for receiving/sending messages upon the network. The workflow engine may also access the network for receiving/sending messages. The method may include using a first medical message wizard by the patient on a computer, a medical profiler process performed by the workflow engine and a second medical message wizard usable by a first physician on a computer. Additionally, a service provider(s) and a client(s) may operate a computer for receiving/sending messages upon the network and a service-flow engine may access the network for receiving/sending messages. The method may further include using a first service message interface by the client on a computer, a service profiler process performed by the service-flow engine and a second service message interface usable by a first service provider. |
| US07809580B2 |
Encoding and decoding of multi-channel audio signals
An encoding device (1) for converting a first number (M) of input audio channels into a second, smaller number (N) of output audio channels comprises at least one conversion unit (12) for converting a first signal (Lf; Rf; Co) and a second signal (Lr; Rr; Le) into a third signal (L; R; C) and a fourth signal (Ls; Rs; Cs). The third, dominant signal contains most of the signal energy of the first and second signals, while the fourth, residual signal contains the remainder of said signal energy. The encoding device is arranged for using the third signal (L; R; C) to produce an output signal and for outputting the fourth signal (Ls; Rs; Cs). A decoding device (2) for converting a first number (N) of input audio channels into a second, larger number (M) or output audio channels comprises at least one conversion unit (24) for converting a first signal (L; R; C) and a second signal (Ld; Rd; Ld) into a third signal (Lf, Rf; Co) and a fourth signal (Lr; Rr; Le). The first, dominant signal contains most of the signal energy of the third and fourth signal, while the second, residual signal contains the remainder of said signal energy. The encoding device is arranged for receiving at least one-second signal (Ld; Rd; Cd). |
| US07809577B2 |
Apparatus for simulating the operation of a vehicle
To eliminate a wrong recognition of speech and reduce processing load to be applied to a computer in a simulation apparatus. The simulation apparatus includes a speech recognition section for referring to dictionary data in which a plurality of phrase data are recorded to specify phrase data, a dictionary selection section for selecting the dictionary data to be referred to by the speech recognition section in response to a mode, and a monitor and a motor for being operated based on an operation of rider, speech and the phrase data. The speech recognition section confirms whether or not sound inputting is valid. If the sound inputting is valid, then a speech recognition mark is displayed on a screen. One of the dictionary data is selected based on the mode. Voice of the rider and the dictionary data are referred to for searching for phrase data conforming to the recognized speech. |
| US07809576B2 |
Customized audio playback storybook with light activation
A unit for providing an interactive, light-activated, voice recorder unit for a book wherein said interactive voice recorder unit automatically initiates a playback mode when the front cover of a book is opened and light enters the unit. |
| US07809575B2 |
Enabling global grammars for a particular multimodal application
Methods, apparatus, and computer program products are described for enabling global grammars for a particular multimodal application according to the present invention by loading a multimodal web page; determining whether the loaded multimodal web page is one of a plurality of multimodal web pages of the particular multimodal application. If the loaded multimodal web page is one of the plurality of multimodal web pages of the particular multimodal application, enabling global grammars typically includes loading any currently unloaded global grammars of the particular multimodal application identified in the multimodal web page and maintaining any previously loaded global grammars. If the loaded multimodal web page is not one of the plurality of multimodal web pages of the particular multimodal application, enabling global grammars typically includes unloading any currently loaded global grammars. |
| US07809562B2 |
Voice recognition system and method for recognizing input voice information
A voice recognition system has a recognition dictionary storing voice information, a primary voice recognition means for performing primary voice recognition in response to input voice information pronounced by a user by the use of the recognition dictionary, and a recognition result judging means for deciding whether the primary voice recognition result is to be accepted or rejected. The voice recognition system includes a transceiver means for sending the input voice information of the user to an additional voice recognition means when the primary voice recognition result is rejected by the recognition result decision means and for receiving a secondary voice recognition result produced as a result of secondary voice recognition of the additional voice recognition means, and a recognition result output means for outputting the primary or secondary voice recognition result to an exterior of the voice recognition system. The voice recognition system also includes a settled result input means for receiving settlement information on the primary or secondary voice recognition result and a dictionary content control means for updating said recognition dictionary based on the settlement information. |
| US07809561B2 |
Method and apparatus for verification of speaker authentication
The present invention provides a method and apparatus for verification of speaker authentication. A method for verification of speaker authentication, comprising: inputting an utterance containing a password that is spoken by a speaker; extracting an acoustic feature vector sequence from said inputted utterance; DTW-matching said extracted acoustic feature vector sequence and a speaker template enrolled by an enrolled speaker; calculating each of a plurality of local distances between said DTW-matched acoustic feature vector sequence and said speaker template; nonlinear-transforming said each local distance calculated to give more weights on small local distances; calculating a DTW-matching score based on said plurality of local distances nonlinear-transformed; and comparing said matching score with a predefined discriminating threshold to determine whether said inputted utterance is an utterance containing a password spoken by the enrolled speaker. |
| US07809559B2 |
Method and apparatus for removing from an audio signal periodic noise pulses representable as signals combined by convolution
A method for removing periodic noise pulses from a continuous audio signal generated in a pressurized air delivery system includes the steps of: detecting, in a time-windowed segment of the continuous audio signal generated in the pressurized air delivery system, a plurality of the periodic noise pulses having a pulse period and being representable in the form of a plurality of signal components combined by convolution; deconvolving the plurality of signal components to generate a plurality of deconvolved signal components; and removing at least a portion of the periodic noise pulses from the time-windowed segment of the continuous audio signal using the deconvolved signal components. |
| US07809555B2 |
Speech signal classification system and method
Provided is a speech signal classification system and method. The speech signal classification system includes a primary recognition unit for determining using characteristics extracted from a speech frame whether the speech frame is a voice sound, a non-voice sound, or background noise and a secondary recognition unit for determining using at least one other speech frame whether a determination-reserved speech frame is an non-voice sound or background noise, if it is determined according to a primary recognition result that an input speech frame is not a voice sound. The system reserves a determination of the input speech frame, stores characteristics of at least one other speech frame to determine the determination-reserved speech frame, calculates secondary statistical values from characteristics of the determination-reserved speech frame and the stored characteristics of the other speech frames, and determines using the calculated secondary statistical values whether the determination-reserved speech frame is an non-voice sound or background noise. Accordingly, if an input speech frame is not a voice sound, the input speech frame can be more accurately classified and output as an non-voice sound or background noise, and thus errors, which may be generated in determination of a signal corresponding to an non-voice sound, can be reduced. |
| US07809554B2 |
Apparatus, method and medium for detecting voiced sound and unvoiced sound
An apparatus, method, and medium for detecting a voiced sound and an unvoiced sound. The apparatus includes a blocking unit for dividing an input signal into block units; a parameter calculator for calculating a first parameter to determine the voiced sound and a second parameter to determine the unvoiced sound by using a slope and spectral flatness measure (SFM) of a mel-scaled filter bank spectrum of an input signal existing in a block; and a determiner for determining a voiced sound zone and an unvoiced sound zone in the block by comparing the first and second parameters to predetermined threshold values. |
| US07809549B1 |
On-demand language translation for television programs
In an embodiment, a method of providing an on demand translation service is provided. A subscriber may be charged a reduced fee or no fee for use of the on demand translation service in exchange for displaying commercial messages to the subscriber, the commercial messages being selected based on subscriber information. A multimedia signal including information in a source language may be received. The information may be obtained as text in the source language from the multimedia signal. The text may be translated from the source language to a target language. Translated information, based on the translated text, may be transmitted to a processing device for presentation to the subscriber. The received multimedia signal may be sent to a multimedia device for viewing. |
| US07809548B2 |
Graph-based ranking algorithms for text processing
The present invention provides a method of processing at least one natural language text using a graph. The method includes determining a plurality of text units based upon the natural language text, associating the plurality of text units with a plurality of graph nodes, and determining at least one connecting relation between at least two of the plurality of text units. The method also includes associating the at least one connecting relation with at least one graph edge connecting at least two of the plurality of graph nodes and determining a plurality of rankings associated with the plurality of graph nodes based upon the at least one graph edge. The method can also include a graphical visualization of at least one important text unit in a natural language text or collection of texts. Methods for word sense disambiguation, keyword extraction, and sentence extraction are also provided. |
| US07809545B2 |
System and method for using execution contexts in block diagram modeling
A method of controlling the conditional execution of elements and subsystems in a block diagram is disclosed. Data structures known as Execution Contexts are created and associated with individual block diagram elements and subsystems. The Execution Contexts allow execution of the associated element or subsystem upon satisfaction of a specified pre-condition. The Execution Contexts may be inherited by other elements and subsystems in the block diagram and propagated programmatically throughout the block diagram. The use of the Execution Contexts allows for efficient code generation and block diagram execution, as well as supporting modular design concepts. |
| US07809544B1 |
Methods of detecting unwanted logic in designs for programmable logic devices
Methods of detecting unwanted logic in a configuration bitstream for a programmable logic device (PLD). The bitstream can be reversed engineered to generate a model of the design. The model is then tested for unwanted logic, e.g., logic inserted for the purpose of monitoring or interfering with the desired functionality of the design, by applying a test suite that exercises all desired functions for the design. If some of the logic nodes in the model are not exercised by the test suite, then the unexercised nodes might constitute unwanted logic and might have been inserted for malicious purposes. To reverse engineer the bitstream, a simulation model of the unprogrammed PLD can be used. Configuration bits from the bitstream can be inserted into the model of the unprogrammed PLD. The modified model can be simplified by propagating constants through the model in response to the values inserted into the model. |
| US07809542B2 |
System and method for glitch analysis in circuits
A system and method for analyzing power glitch in circuits includes simulating a circuit to provide waveform responses at positions of interest in the circuit. Each waveform response is processed to determine glitch power by comparing optimal energy to actual energy for the waveform. The circuit is adjusted to reduce loss due to the glitch power. |
| US07809540B2 |
Computer method and system for predicting physical properties using a conceptual segment-based ionic activity coefficient model
In the present invention the NonRandom Two-Liquid segment activity coefficient model system of the parent application is extended for computation of ionic activity coefficients and solubilities of electrolytes, organic and inorganic, in common solvents and solvent mixtures. The invention method and system may be applied to the chemical and/or pharmaceutical design process. In addition to the three types of molecular parameters defined for organic nonelectrolytes, i.e., hydrophobicity X, polarity Y, and hydrophilicity Z, an electrolyte parameter, E, is introduced to characterize both local and long-range ion-ion and ion-molecule interactions attributed to ionized segments of electrolytes. Successful representations of mean ionic activity coefficients and solubilities of electrolytes, inorganic and organic, in aqueous and nonaqueous solvents are presented. |
| US07809536B1 |
Model-building interface
A method, system, computer system, and computer-readable medium to provide an interface for defining a model of a particular functionality of an information processing system. Intelligent models can be defined that can be used by an application to discover actual relationship, dependency, or configuration data for components of an information processing system. Models can be defined to include a set of one or more instructions to discover data about an existing information system, where the data are related to the specific information processing function being modeled. Models provide a context for analyzing and evaluating the functionality of an information processing system. The interface can also be used to define the model itself, including components of the model, properties of the components, and relationships between components. |
| US07809535B2 |
Numerical techniques for dynamics simulation
A method for dynamics simulation involves maintaining quantities according to a floating point binary format quantized to a first precision lower than the precision supported by the floating point format. For example, although an IEEE floating point number can represent numbers with a precision of one part in 2^24, the quantities are quantized to a lower precision, such as one part in 2^22. Operations are applied to sets of the quantities by quantizing the intermediate results of the operations to the lower precision than the precision supported by the floating point format. |
| US07809531B2 |
Methods and systems for explicit representation of composite structures
A three dimensional Computer Aided Design (CAD) model of a composite part to include a plurality of plies is described. The model includes an explicit representation for each individual ply utilized to form the composite part, where each individual ply is created as one of a solid or tessellated volume. Each ply representation is in a proper spatial orientation with related component definitions. |
| US07809516B2 |
Probability density function separating apparatus, probability density function separating method, program, testing apparatus, bit error rate measuring apparatus, electronic device, and jitter transfer function measuring apparatus
There is provided a probability density function separating apparatus that separates a predetermined component in a given probability density function. The probability density function separating apparatus includes a domain transforming section that is supplied with the probability density function and transforms the probability density function into a spectrum in a frequency domain, and a deterministic component computing section that multiplies a multiplier coefficient according to a type of distribution of a deterministic component included in the given probability density function by a first null frequency of the spectrum in the frequency domain and computes a peak to peak value of the probability density function with the deterministic component. |
| US07809513B2 |
Environmental change compensation in a structural health monitoring system
A method and system of compensating for environmental effect when detecting signals using a structural health monitoring system includes collecting baseline data signals for one or more values of the environmental effect variable from signals transmitted along selected paths between transducers in an array attached to the structure. A threshold is selected based on the baseline data for determining if the signal is detected. Current data signals are collected and matched to the best fit baseline data. The value of the environmental effect variable is determined on the basis of the matching. A signal is detected according to the selected threshold. |
| US07809509B2 |
Comparative mapping and assembly of nucleic acid sequences
A method for assembling nucleic acid sequence fragments is disclosed. The fragments are assembled using information about their relative position inferred by comparison of the fragments against a known sequence of a related nucleic acid (FIG. 3). Additionally, the method localizes fragments to bacterial artificial chromosomes (FIG. 1) and determines relative position of bacterial artificial chromosomes using sequence comparison information (FIG. 6). The method utilizes the information about relative orientation, mutual distance, fragment localization to bacterial artificial chromosomes, and relative position of bacterial artificial chromosomes to constrain the assembly process (FIG. 5), thus resulting in a more accurate assembly requiring fewer sequencing reactions. |
| US07809508B2 |
Standoff correction for LWD density measurement
A method for conducting density measurements in downhole environments corrects for high standoff, by adding a second correction term to the spine and rib method. This second term is a correction based on an apparent standoff estimated using the photo electric effect of the mud. This correction is term depends on the mud properties, both in terms of apparent standoff and correction and therefore requires property calibration for each well. The calibration can be done using the azimuthal information available with LWD tool when the tool is turning. At each depth in homogeneous formation, there can be a succession of density measurements with various tool standoff when the tool is not centered in the borehole. All this information is used to build up a standoff correction fitting perfectly the mud properties. |
| US07809504B2 |
Power management method
A power management method is applicable to an electronic device having GPS navigation software and a GPS module for executing the navigation software. First, the data storage power (i.e. the RTC power) is enabled when the electronic device is powered on, and whether the electronic device receive an external power is detected; if yes, the master power (i.e. the RF power) is enabled and the GPS module is enabled to perform an initialization process and continue detecting whether the electronic device receives an external power; it no, the master power is disabled and detecting whether the electronic device receives an external power continues. Compared with the prior art, the power management method of the present invention, by managing powers installed in the electronic device and corresponding to the GPS module, increases the possibility for the navigation software to enter the hot start mode, and advances user's convenience. |
| US07809496B2 |
Error control in a traffic management system
A system for monitoring a traffic management system, such as an Air Traffic Management (ATM) system, which includes a position retrieval station, operable to retrieve position information for a traffic object, e.g. a radar station devised to collect radar echoes and generate radar image signals. A computer system is connected to the position retrieval station for generating radar trace data from received position information. An operator station is connected to the computer system for processing trace data for presentation. A false position information source is connected to provide artificial information corresponding to a predetermined property of a false traffic object to the computer system. A comparator unit is connected to the operator station for receiving trace data generated from the artificial information, and devised to detect correlation between the generated trace data and the predetermined property of the false traffic object. |
| US07809493B2 |
Stop position control apparatus for internal combustion engine
An engine model is configured so as to include a crankshaft periphery motion equations computing block, a friction model, an intake air pressure estimation model, an in-cylinder pressure estimation model, a combustion waveform calculation block, an atmospheric pressure correction term calculation block, and an atmospheric temperature correction term calculation block. While combustion is cut off, the friction model is learned and updated using estimated relating to the crank stop position calculated by the engine model and measured data relating to the crank stop position. |
| US07809492B2 |
Method for controlling air-fuel ratio for an alternating valve engine
A method for controlling the air-fuel ratio of an internal combustion engine operating with alternating intake valves is presented. According to the method, engine air-fuel ratio can be adjusted by changing valve timings or fuel during a cylinder cycle. |
| US07809490B2 |
Phase and frequency error based asymmetrical AFR pulse reference tracking algorithm using the pre-catalyst O2 sensor switching output
A fuel control system of an engine system comprising a pre-catalyst exhaust gas oxygen (EGO) sensor and a control module. The pre-catalyst EGO sensor determines a pre-catalyst EGO signal based on an oxygen concentration of an exhaust gas. The control module determines a dither signal. The control module determines a fuel command based on the pre-catalyst EGO signal and the dither signal. |
| US07809487B2 |
Method and system for controlling a motive power system of an automotive vehicle
A motive power system of a vehicle is controlled based on a driving style of a driver of the vehicle. Parameters related to a state of the vehicle are used as inputs to a fuzzy controller in order to characterize the driving style of the driver of the vehicle. |
| US07809485B2 |
Shift control apparatus and method of continuously variable transmission
A shift control apparatus of a CVT installed in a non-ABS equipped vehicle is arranged to estimate a condition of a transmission ratio of the CVT, to prohibit a shift operation of varying the transmission ratio to a high-speed-side transmission ratio relative to a first predetermined transmission ratio when the driving-wheel acceleration is greater than or equal to a predetermined acceleration, and to cancel the prohibition of the shift operation when the transmission ratio is in a high speed side relative to a second transmission ratio under a condition that the driving-wheel acceleration becomes greater than or equal to the predetermined acceleration. |
| US07809484B2 |
Method and system for adaptively compensating closed-loop front-wheel steering control
An active front-wheel vehicle steering control system that employs closed-loop control includes an adaptive compensation sub-system that compensates for changes in vehicle dynamic parameters. The control system includes a dynamic parameter estimation sub-system that provides an estimated front cornering compliance and rear cornering compliance based on a steering wheel angle signal, a vehicle lateral acceleration signal, a vehicle yaw rate signal and a vehicle speed signal. The closed-loop control includes active gain for each of vehicle yaw rate, yaw acceleration, side-slip and side-slip rate, all based on the vehicle speed and vehicle dynamic parameter changes for use in generating a steering angle control signal to the front wheels of the vehicle. |
| US07809480B2 |
Autonomous flight for flight platforms
A method and system for autonomous or semi-autonomous flight of a flight platform with flight actuators is disclosed. The system comprises a stabilization subsystem for controlling the flight actuators to maintain stabilization of the flight platform in flight and a flight control subsystem for controlling the flight actuators to implement flight control of the flight platform in flight. The two subsystems operate separately, wherein the flight control subsystem is overridden by the stabilization subsystem in an event where the flight platform exceeds a predetermined stabilization threshold until the flight platform regains stability. |
| US07809479B2 |
Navigational system with a graphical scratchpad filler
A navigation system takes a graphical input and translates it into an alpha-numeric entry generally including latitude and longitude information. The system interprets the graphical entry, determines if a waypoint already exists or is depicted at the geographical location identified by the graphical entry and creates a new waypoint if no waypoint already exists or is depicted at the geographical location. |
| US07809477B2 |
Method for starting up a wind energy plant after an operation stoppage and wind energy plant which can execute the method
A method for starting up a wind energy plant after an operation stoppage, wherein the wind energy plant has a gearbox in the drive train and an operation management which can control at least one operational variable significant for the strain of the gearbox B of the wind energy plant to a desired value BSoll, wherein after the operation stoppage, the desired value BSoll is limited by a maximum value BMax, which is preset depending on a measured temperature of a gearbox component and/or of a lubricant for the gearbox. |
| US07809476B2 |
Network tap/aggregator configured for power over ethernet operation
A network tap device array capable of being powered by a power-over Ethernet (“POE”) supply is disclosed. The array enables data from multiple nodes in a communications network to be tapped and forwarded to a plurality of monitoring devices. In one embodiment the network tap device array includes a chassis that is configured to receive a plurality of network tap devices that are each powered by a POE supply. Each network tap device includes network ports for receiving and transmitting network data via communication cables and tap ports for forwarding the tapped network data to the monitoring device. In another embodiment, a sub-chassis includes a plurality of network tap devices and an aggregator that aggregates tapped data from each of the tap devices. The aggregator then forwards the aggregated data to the monitoring device. The sub-chassis can be included in a chassis that is configured to receive multiple populated chassis. |
| US07809475B2 |
Computer controlled fertigation system and method
A system and a method of computer controlled irrigation and fertigation composed of one or more sensors positioned in order to quantify the amount of water and/or nutrients that a plant is consuming. By controlling the fertigation, the plant or a part thereof, has improved yield and quality. |
| US07809470B2 |
Controlled access supply cabinet and system
An automated supplies cabinet dispenses supply items that are stored in a rack of drawers within a locking cabinet. A robotic transfer mechanism fetches the drawer containing the desired supply items, and brings it to an access portal at the front of the cabinet. A sliding door opens automatically to provide access. The supply articles can be RFID tagged and an RFID reader provides for automatic inventory updating when the articles are taken. The racks can take the form of carts that wheel into place in the cabinet. A light curtain disposed at the access portal can block movement of the door and of the transfer mechanism if it detects a hand reaching in. The cabinet provides an audit trail and facilitates inventory control and patient billing. |
| US07809464B2 |
Registration system for sheet fed processing machines
The invention relates to a registration system for sheet fed processing machines that reduces or eliminates the need to calibrate the register and/or timing dials of such a machine. The system uses known measurements and the elapsed time between electrically generated pulses to determine the relative position of processing cylinders in the machine relative the timing of a feed mechanism. The relative positions are displayed in real-time and can be adjusted by an operator. The machine need not be ‘in time’ to properly register the machine. |
| US07809456B2 |
System and process for supply management for the assembly of expensive products
A Managing component supply for complex products is achieved by monitoring the delivery performance of component suppliers and optimizing the times at which orders are placed. Supply delivery performance targets are set for each supplier, and component order times are optimized by 1) optimizing safety stock for each component, 2) calculating optimal times to place supply orders in order to maintain the safety stock level, and then 3) iterating safety stock calculations in order to minimize overall inventory costs and maximize supply availability. The process takes into account supply lead times, component costs, and target tolerances for delays in the assembly of components. The effects of changes in supply lead time performance on assembly schedules are projected for planning purposes. |
| US07809455B2 |
Method of correcting die model data
A die is produced based on die model data. The produced die is corrected. The corrected die is three-dimensionally measured by a measuring tool to produce measured three-dimensional die data. A polygonal surface represented by the measured three-dimensional die data and a model surface represented by the die model data are compared with each other. The polygonal surface is brought into proximity to the model surface, and the absolute values of the distances between a plurality of pairs of measuring points on the polygonal surface and corresponding points on the model surface are calculated. The die model data are corrected based on the absolute values of the distances. |
| US07809453B2 |
Apparatus and method for simulating a wave field synthesis system
For simulating a wave field synthesis system, an audio scene description defining a temporal sequence of audio objects is provided, an audio object having an audio file for a virtual source or a reference to the audio file and information on a source position of the virtual source. Furthermore, an output condition the wave field synthesis system is to satisfy is given. Furthermore, a simulator for simulating the behavior of the wave field synthesis system for the audio scene description, using the audio data and the source positions as well as information on the wave field synthesis system, is provided. Finally a checker performs a check to determine if the simulated behavior of the wave field synthesis system satisfies the output condition. This achieves more flexible audio scene description creation as well as flexible portability of an audio scene description developed for one system to another wave field synthesis system. |
| US07809452B2 |
Delay management of presentation output system and method
A system and method of delivering synchronized audio and audio/video signals in the form of analog signals and streamed data over networks such a hybrid power line communications network is described. Signal magnitude matching by monitoring directly feed audio outputs is also provided. |
| US07809451B2 |
Method for operating an automation device
A method is specified for operating an automation system, wherein a description object appropriate to a type of the respective program code object and a description object reference referencing the respective description object are created when a program code object is instantiated, so that it is possible to completely decouple applications, in other words the program code object as a component of the respective automation solution, and information data compiled in the description object. |
| US07809446B2 |
Devices and methods for brain stimulation
A device for brain stimulation that includes a lead having a longitudinal surface; at least one stimulation electrode disposed along the longitudinal surface of the lead; and at least one recording electrode, separate from the at least one stimulation electrode, disposed along the longitudinal surface of the lead. |
| US07809441B2 |
Implantable medical device with chemical sensor and related methods
In an embodiment, the invention includes an implantable medical device with a pulse generator and a chemical sensor in communication with the pulse generator, the chemical sensor configured to detect an ion concentration in a bodily fluid. In an embodiment, the invention includes a method for providing cardiac arrhythmia therapy to a patient including sensing a physiological concentration of an analyte, communicating data regarding the physiological concentration of the analyte to an implanted pulse generator, and delivering therapy to the patient based in part on the physiological concentration of the ion. In an embodiment, the invention includes a method for monitoring diuretic therapy. In an embodiment, the invention includes a method for controlling delivery of an active agent into a human body. Other aspects and embodiments are provided herein. |
| US07809440B2 |
Methods and apparatus for detecting ventricular depolarizations during atrial pacing
AV synchronous, dual chamber pacing systems are disclosed having improved sensing of ectopic ventricular depolarizations or PVCs coincidentally occurring at or shortly following delivery of an A-PACE pulse. A first ventricular sense amplifier that is blanked during and following delivery of an A-PACE pulse is coupled to active and indifferent ventricular pace/sense electrodes defining a ventricular sense vector for sensing natural ventricular depolarizations and declaring a V-EVENT. A far field PVC sense amplifier coupled to a far field PVC sense electrode pair defining a PVC sense vector detects such PVCs while the ventricular sense amplifier is blanked. A PVC declared during the ventricular blanking period by the far field PVC sense amplifier is employed to deliver a VSP pulse upon time-out of a VSP delay, if the VSP function is provided and programmed ON, and/or to halt time-out of an AV delay. |
| US07809438B2 |
Methods and systems for treating arrhythmias using a combination of vibrational and electrical energy
Methods and apparatus for cardiac pacing, cardioversion and defibrillation rely on delivering ultrasonic or other vibrational energy in combination with electrical energy to the heart, usually after the onset of an arrhythmia. A vibrational transducer and suitable electrical contacts may be combined in a single housing or distributed among various housings, and will usually be implantable so that the vibrational transducer can be directed at a target portion of the heart. Alternatively, external systems comprising the vibrational transducer and electrical contacts are also described. |
| US07809437B2 |
Methods and systems for removing accumulated charge from one or more electrodes
Methods of removing accumulated charge from one or more electrodes include applying a plurality of stimulation events to one or more stimulation sites within a patient via the one or more electrodes and globally shorting each of the electrodes during a plurality of global shorting periods interspersed among the plurality of stimulation events. Systems for removing accumulated charge from one or more electrodes include a stimulator electrically coupled to the one or more electrodes and configured to apply a plurality of stimulation events to one or more stimulation sites within a patient via the one or more electrodes. The stimulator is further configured to globally short each of the electrodes during a plurality of global shorting periods interspersed among the plurality of stimulation events. |
| US07809435B1 |
Adjustable wireless electromyography sensor and system
An adjustable, wireless electromyography (EMG) sensor includes a first sensor portion and a second sensor portion. The first sensor portion includes a first measurement attachment point, a wireless transmitter, and a control circuit. The control circuit controls the wireless EMG sensor. The second sensor portion includes a second measurement attachment point. The wireless EMG sensor may also include an adjustable connector that connects the first sensor portion and the second sensor portion. The control circuit controls collection of EMG measurements between the first measurement attachment point and the second measurement attachment point, and controls the wireless transmitter to transmit the EMG measurements having been collected. The control circuit may also control power saving by the wireless EMG sensor. |
| US07809434B2 |
System and method for EEG imaging of cerebral activity using small electrode sets
The invention provides a method of estimating cerebral sources of electrical activity from a small subset of EEG channels utilizing existing methods to provide a 3-dimensional, discrete, distributed, linear solution to the inverse problem using inputs consisting of a small number of EEG channels (e.g., 4 channels) augmented with synthetic EEG data for the other channels. The resultant image of cerebral electrical activity in the region of the EEG channels from which data is recorded is of comparable spatial resolution in the corresponding region to images of cerebral electrical activity obtained using a complete set of EEG channels (e.g., using 24 channels). |
| US07809428B2 |
Devices for detection and therapy of atheromatous plaque
The present invention relates to devices for detection of active atheromatous plaque and/or thin-capped fibro-atheroma (“vulnerable plaque”) using selectively targeted radiolabeled compositions, such as beta-emitting compositions. |
| US07809427B2 |
Time domain inverse scattering techniques for use in microwave imaging
A system and a method are provided for estimating the average dielectric properties of a plurality of regions in space. The application of this technique is illustrated for determining the average properties of breast tissue. The knowledge of average properties is important when UWB microwave radar signal processing algorithms are used for tumor detection and localization. The method is an extension of a time-domain inverse scattering algorithm based on the finite-difference time-domain method. A hybrid conjugate gradient optimization is used to minimize a cost function defined between a measured and a calculated total electromagnetic field at a series of antennas. The output of the method is an average set of electromagnetic material parameters that describe specific regions of interest in either a non-dispersive heterogeneous medium or a dispersive heterogeneous medium. |
| US07809425B2 |
Method and apparatus for examining a substance, particularly tissue, to characterize its type
A method and apparatus are disclosed, for examining a substance of a given volume to characterize its type, with an integrated sensing head. The method comprises applying locally to the substance of the given volume a polarizing magnetic field, with a component defining a polarizing axis; applying locally RF pulses to the substance of the given volume, the RF pulses having a B component, orthogonal to the polarizing axis, such as to invoke EI response signals corresponding to the electrical impedance (EI) of the examined substance of the given volume, and magnetic resonance (MR) response signals corresponding to the MR properties of the examined substance of the given volume; detecting locally EI response signals from the substance of the given volume; and detecting locally MR response signals from the substance of the given volume. Two or more sensing heads may be used, both applying locally the RF pulses and detecting. Alternatively, one of the sensing heads may operate as a transmitter, while the other or others may operate as receivers. |
| US07809420B2 |
Hat-based oximeter sensor
A method for use and an improved oximeter sensor substrate that is conforming to the shape of the patient's forehead. In one embodiment, the present invention is an oximeter sensor, having a substrate with a shape similar to a shape of at least a portion of a patient's forehead and including a section adapted to substantially fit over a portion of a forehead of a patient; an emitter disposed on the substrate at a position located on the section; and a detector disposed on the substrate at a distance from the emitter. In one embodiment, the substrate includes a hat that holds the emitter and the detector in a spaced-part manner against the patient's forehead. |
| US07809417B2 |
Contact lens for collecting tears and detecting analytes for determining health status, ovulation detection, and diabetes screening
Utilization of a contact device placed on the eye in order to detect physical and chemical parameters of the body as well as the non-invasive delivery of compounds according to these physical and chemical parameters, with signals being transmitted continuously as electromagnetic waves, radio waves, infrared and the like. One of the parameters to be detected includes non-invasive blood analysis utilizing chemical changes and chemical products that are found in the conjunctiva and in the tear film. A transensor mounted in the contact device laying on the cornea or the surface of the eye is capable of evaluating and measuring physical and chemical parameters in the eye including non-invasive blood analysis. The system utilizes eye lid motion and/or closure of the eye lid to activate a microminiature radio frequency sensitive transensor mounted in the contact device. The signal can be communicated by wires or radio telemetered to an externally placed receiver. The signal can then be processed, analyzed and stored. Several parameters can be detected including a complete non-invasive analysis of blood components, measurement of systemic and ocular blood flow, measurement of heart rate and respiratory rate, tracking operations, detection of ovulation, detection of radiation and drug effects, diagnosis of ocular and systemic disorders and the like. |
| US07809415B2 |
Coupling structure of sliding type
A coupling structure includes a first slide member, a second slide member slidably connected to the first slide member so as to be slidable relative to each other, and a spring member. The spring member has two opposite ends and a plurality of resilient turnings arranged in a predetermined sequence so as to have the same turning direction such that the resilient turnings are juxtaposed to one another and extend along a planar direction. The opposite ends of the spring member are connected respectively to the first and second slide members. Movement of the first and second slide members to a first position causes the spring member to possess a restoration force that is capable of retaining the first and second slide members at a second position different from the first position. |
| US07809412B2 |
Electronic device having a single seam hinge
Disclosed are hinges with a single interface or single seam between two halves of the hinge, configured to route through the hinge a flexible circuit element to couple electronic circuitry in a first housing with electronic circuitry in a second housing. An axial shaft with an elongated slot is received by the two halves of the hinge. The shaft extends at least across a portion of the width of the first housing. To route the flexible circuit element, the elongated slot is configured to hold fixed the midsection of the flex cable, relative to the shaft during rotation of the shaft. The shaft has an outer circumference, and at least a portion of the shaft defines a shallow groove at the outer circumference. A portion of the flexible circuit element is wrapped around the shaft forming a radial service loop at the shallow groove to accommodate rotation of the shaft. |
| US07809409B2 |
Multi-function device for performing at least telephone communication and facsimile functions
A multi-function device for performing, at least, telephone communication and facsimile functions, comprising: a main unit, a wireless telephone, and a charger for charging a battery of the wireless telephone. The charger can be fixed to the main unit and can be separated from the main unit. When the charger is fixed to the main unit, the battery of the wireless telephone can be charged in the position that is fixed to the main unit. Furthermore, if the charger is placed in a position separated from the main unit, the battery of the wireless telephone can be charged in that position. That is, the charger and the wireless telephone can be utilized even when the charger has been removed from the main unit. |
| US07809408B2 |
Method and system for a power switch with a slow in-rush current
Aspects of a method and system for a power switch with a slow in-rush current are presented. Aspects of the system may include at least one resistive component, which is coupled between an input control signal and an output stage circuit of a power switch circuit, so as to limit a peak transient current level, which may result from in-rush current delivered by the power switch circuit to a load impedance circuit during a transient time interval during which a voltage level across the load impedance circuit may rise or fall from an initial voltage level to a quiescent voltage level. |
| US07809404B2 |
MIMO passive channel emulator
Embodiments of methods and means for passively emulating channels in a multiple-input multiple output (MIMO) system are provided. Such embodiments include passively splitting a plurality of radio frequency signals into a greater plurality of such signals. Each of the greater plurality of radio frequency signals can then be selectively and passively attenuated, delayed and/or phase shifted. The resulting modified radio frequency signals are then recombined crossed over channels and coupled to a plurality of output nodes. Economical and versatile device and system testing is thus facilitated in a low-noise radio frequency environment without the need for complex up/down frequency or analog/digital conversions. |
| US07809402B2 |
Communication terminal, communication system, and control method
It is an object of the present invention to improve the convenience for users by enabling messages during call out from the user of the communication terminal on the outgoing side to the user of a communication terminal on the incoming side, which are transmitted from the communication terminal on the outgoing side, to be checked by the user of the communication terminal on the outgoing side when calling out. The outgoing terminal 10a includes a display device 11, a call connection establishment unit 12 that transmits call out signals for calling out to the incoming terminal 10b, a transmitted information setting and adding unit 13 that adds display information that is displayed in the incoming terminal 10b to the call out signal, and a display control unit 14 that displays on the display device 11 the display information added to the call out signal when the call out signal is transmitted. |
| US07809398B2 |
System and method of storing contact information
A system and method of storing contact information is disclosed. In a particular embodiment, the method includes receiving a request from a user at a web server of an Internet Protocol (IP) network to view call log data stored at a call log data store of the IP network. The method also includes issuing a request to obtain the call log data from the call log data store, wherein the call log data includes contact information associated with a call. The method also includes receiving a selection of the contact information from the user and sending the contact information to a network address book server of the IP network, where the contact information is stored in association with a network address book of the user. |
| US07809397B2 |
Increasing OFDM transmit power via reduction in pilot tone
A signal to be transmitted is modified. An ultra wideband (UWB) signal to be transmitted is obtained, the UWB signal having a data carrying sub-band and a non data carrying sub-band. Information in the non data carrying sub-band is modified so that the power associated with the non data carrying sub-band is less than the power prior to the modification. Information in the data carrying sub-band is modified so that the power associated with the data carrying sub-band is greater than the power prior to the modification. The amount by which the data carrying sub-band increases in power is based at least in part on the amount by which the non data carrying sub-band decreases in power. A UWB signal is transmitted having the modified information in the non data carrying sub-band and the modified information in the data carrying sub-band. |
| US07809396B2 |
Mobile telephone, transmission power control method, and program
The present invention provides a mobile phone having a control mechanism for controlling transmission power according to changes in various environmental conditions. A mobile phone for performing transmission at a transmission frequency of an assigned channel, the mobile phone comprising: a temperature detecting unit operable to detect a temperature in the mobile phone; a correction value specifying unit operable to specify a correction value for correcting transmission power, according to the temperature detected by the temperature detecting unit and the transmission frequency; and a control unit operable to control the transmission power based on the correction value specified by the correction value specifying unit. |
| US07809392B2 |
Text and voice capable mobile communication device
A method for establishing a call using a mobile terminal includes receiving a message. The method includes receiving a user input based on information in the message. The method includes accessing a communication identifier for a sending party identified in the message based on the user input. The method includes establishing a call using the communication identifier. |
| US07809391B2 |
Optimizing talk burst control process in a PTT communication network
A push-to-talk (PTT) method for optimizing talk burst control in a PTT communication network is provided. The method comprises transmitting a talk burst inquiry from a first PTT terminal to a PTT server requesting a talk burst control message to determine a talk burst state of the first PTT terminal; and receiving from the PTT server the talk burst control message providing the talk burst state of the first PTT terminal, in response to the talk burst inquiry, wherein the talk burst state indicates whether a talk burst request is granted to a second PTT terminal. |
| US07809389B2 |
Controlling a press-to-talk session using wireless signaling
To communicate in a press-to-talk (PTT) session, a message for requesting a right to talk in the PTT session is sent over a wireless link between a mobile station and a base station system. The message for requesting the right to talk in the PTT session is sent in wireless signaling over the wireless link. An acknowledgment of the wireless signaling carrying the message is received, with the acknowledgment sent by the base station system in response to the control signaling. An indication is provided at the mobile station of the right to talk in response to the acknowledgment. |
| US07809388B1 |
Selectively replaying voice data during a voice communication session
Systems and methods for selectively replaying voice data. Voice data received in a communication session is both buffered by the device and played by the device. When input is received from a recipient, the voice data currently being received is no longer played and buffered voice data is replayed to the recipient. While the buffered voice data is replayed, the device continues to buffer any voice data received by the device to ensure that the recipient can listen to all of the voice data in the communication session. By only storing voice data in the buffer, replaying the buffered voice data can catch the real-time voice data. At this point, the device reverts to playing voice data being received while continuing to buffer the voice data. |
| US07809387B2 |
Methods and apparatus for prioritizing voice call requests during data communication sessions with a mobile device
Methods and apparatus for prioritizing voice call requests during data communication sessions involving a mobile communication device are disclosed. In one illustrative example, an end user invokes a voice call request though a user interface of the mobile device. If this request is made while the mobile device is engaged in a connected data communication service, the mobile device immediately forces the connected data service into a dormant state. In particular, a release order is transmitted to tear down a traffic channel of the connected data service so that the voice call request can be processed. Subsequently, a voice call with the mobile device is established using a new traffic channel. When the voice call is completed, data communications will resume if needed. Advantageously, the mobile device prioritizes voice calls over data communication sessions which may be deemed less time-critical. |
| US07809386B2 |
Local network proxy for a remotely connected mobile device operating in reduced power mode
A mobile device is coupled to an ad-hoc, peer-to-peer local area network via a public network. A secure data connection is created between the mobile device and an access point of the local area network so that the mobile device operates in an address space of the local network. A proxy for the mobile device is operated on the local network. The proxy maintains one or more state variables related to operation of the mobile device on the local network. The proxy simulates a reduced power mode of the mobile device on the local network for purposes of shaping traffic over the secure data connection and provides the state variables to entities of the local network on behalf of the mobile device. |
| US07809381B2 |
Presence detection for cellular and internet protocol telephony
A telephone system supports communication with user devices over both a cellular radio network as well as over an Internet Protocol (IP) network, and enables roaming and active call handoff between cellular and IP domains. Approaches to detecting presence of a user near a suitable IP network are used in controlling transitions between the domains, for example, enabling automatic transitions between domains, and delivery of calls to a mobile user to data network devices in the vicinity of the user. |
| US07809380B2 |
Method and system for presence determination of mobile devices
A presence server for determining presence of a mobile station in a mobile network, including structure and/or function to: receive a request for a presence indication that the mobile station is active; send a first query into the mobile network based on the request; receive a response to the first query; and, if the response indicates the mobile station is active then: provide the presence indication; if the response indicates the mobile station is not active then: send a second query into the mobile network for establishing a notification trigger; receive a second query response based on the notification trigger; the second query response including the presence indication and being based on short message service (“SMS”); and provide the presence indication based on the second query response. |
| US07809379B2 |
Multi-mode mobile terminal and method of triggering communication service using position information thereof
The present invention provides a multi-mode mobile terminal and method of triggering a communication service using position information thereof, by which the multi-mode mobile terminal triggers its optimal communication service in a communication environment where various kinds of communications systems co-exist. The present invention includes acquiring a position of a multi-mode mobile terminal configured to operate in a plurality of separate communication modes and operating the multi-mode mobile terminal in the communication mode based on its position. |
| US07809377B1 |
Method and system for providing shipment tracking and notifications
Improved approaches for monitoring status of articles being shipped are disclosed. The monitoring can produce notifications to interested parties. The notifications typically contain status information pertaining to the articles being shipped. Alternatively, interested parties can gain access to status information pertaining to the articles being shipped via a website. According to one embodiment, the status information includes at least position (location) information and shipping conditions information. |
| US07809375B2 |
Home wireless router VoIP bandwidth management
A home wireless router establishes a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) that supports wireless communications within a WLAN service area. The home wireless router further establishes broadband communications via a broadband connection with a VoIP service accumulator. The home wireless router services a plurality of wireless terminals within the WLAN service area, including at least one Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) wireless terminal. The home wireless router determines that a VoIP wireless terminal desires VoIP call servicing. The home wireless router sends a bandwidth reservation request to the VoIP service accumulator to reserve capacity on the broadband connection for servicing of the VoIP call. The home wireless router then receives a bandwidth reservation response from the VoIP service accumulator to confirm reservation of capacity on the broadband connection for servicing of the VoIP call. The home wireless router then services the VoIP call for the VoIP wireless terminal via the WLAN and the broadband connection. |
| US07809367B2 |
System and method for prioritized communication between a central station and remote objects
A management, communication and control system including a customer service center 10 with an operator 11. At least one vehicle 20, at least one boat or ship 24, as well as one or more stationary pieces of equipment 25 such as a remote facility or plant that communicates with the service center 10 via a cellular communication network 30 like GSM (European standard) or AMPS (US standard) and/or a satellite communication network 31, either of which is for exchanging information, data and voice communication in both directions. A position of the vehicle(s) 20 is detected by means of a global positioning system (GPS) 40. Emergency assistance vehicles 22 and roadside assistance vehicles 23 can communicate with the service center 10 in a similar manner or in any other way, and are activated by the service center in case of need by one of the remote objects and/or vehicles. |
| US07809366B2 |
Mobile device client
A device client that supports customer care and distribution of update packages to electronic devices makes it possible to efficiently manage and update firmware and software in electronic devices. A terminal management/device management server employs extensions to an industry standard device management protocol to update configuration information, to provision the electronic device, and to manage the electronic device, for example. The electronic device may receive update packages, and update agent(s) in the electronic device may update the firmware and/or software of the electronic device. A diagnostic client in the electronic device facilitates remote diagnosis and a traps client facilitates setting traps and retrieving collected information. A terminal management server may remotely invoke control actions within the electronic device using management objects not supported by the industry standard device management protocol. A user of the electronic device may use a self-care portal to administer self-care and to conduct diagnostics. A subsequent customer-care call may use such information collected during self-care. |
| US07809364B2 |
Apparatus, and associated method, for providing an operation parameter to a mobile station of a radio communication station
Apparatus, and an associated method, for downloading an operational parameter to a mobile station. The operational parameter is stored at a server operated by an operator of a communication system in which the mobile station is operable. When the parameter is to be downloaded to the mobile station, the server instructs a SMS, or other data message, service center to generate a data message to be delivered to the mobile station, instructing the mobile station to initiate a data call connection with the server. When a data call connection is formed, the operational parameter is downloaded to the mobile station, thereafter to be used by the mobile station in subsequent communication operations in the communication system. |
| US07809363B2 |
Mobile phone terminal, program management method, and computer program for the same
In order to provide a mobile phone terminal which is capable, when changing over between an application program which is implemented as standard and a downloaded program which is not implemented as standard which have been started together, of restarting programs in an order which the user anticipate. An execution unit performs any of the procedures of execution, temporary suspension, and termination of programs by storing, in an execution state storage unit, information for programs which consist of static applets and downloaded applets. A management unit, when the activation of a static applet is requested in a situation that a downloaded applet is stored in the execution state storage unit as a program which is being executed, along with storing the downloaded applet in the execution state storage unit as being in a temporarily suspended state, and generating a dummy applet, also stores the dummy applet in the execution state storage unit as being in a temporarily suspended state, and next starts the static applet with the program execution unit. |
| US07809359B2 |
Wireless chat automatic status tracking
A technique and apparatus to provide status tracking of presence and/or location of a mobile, wireless device to a requesting entity even outside of a particular wireless system. This allows wireless service providers the ability to monitor and log changes in the status of mobile stations within and/or outside their networks. Embodiments are disclosed wherein presence and/or location information is provided to entities outside of a particular servicing wireless network using the mechanisms of call processing components of a mobile network (e.g., call setup procedures), and using standard mechanisms currently available to any appropriately conforming Mobile Switching Center (MSC) element. In one disclosed embodiment, a wireless chat tracking system is implemented which utilizes a change in mobile registration status to automatically notify a chat group system outside the wireless network of current status information activity regarding a relevant device, e.g., registration activity or inactivity timeout. In the wireless chat automatic status tracking system, a registration notification (REGNOT) message is either explicitly forwarded or copied to an external IP based application (e.g., to a mobile chat group system). The change in mobile registration is communicated via a suitable signaling link (e.g., SS7, TCP/IP, etc.) between a Home Location Register (HLR) and the chat group system. Therefore, instead of a conventionally closed system using SS7 messages, REGNOT messages are pushed out over TCP/IP connections to external applications (e.g., chat servers) to automatically notify the external system of the location of a particular user. |
| US07809357B2 |
System and method for optimizing network communication in response to network conditions
A system and method for facilitating communications between a mobile device and a network application are provided. A mobile device transmits a request for data change information that includes a time out interval. The network application receives the request and measures a time elapsed since the receipt of the data change request. The network application transmits notification to the mobile device client that the time out interval has elapsed or a network specified time out occurs. As notifications are received or a network time out is detected, the mobile client device tunes the time out interval for subsequent data change requests. |
| US07809349B1 |
Radio frequency filter using intermediate frequency impedance translation
The present invention is an RF filter that translates impedances of an IF circuit to create a filter with an RF center frequency having the high Q roll-off characteristics of an IF filter. The RF filter is self-aligned with the frequency of an RF local oscillator. The RF filter has an impedance divider, which is formed by coupling an RF impedance circuit to a translated IF impedance circuit. The translated IF impedance circuit includes an RF passive mixer and an IF impedance circuit. The mixer translates the impedance of the IF impedance circuit by mixing an RF input signal with an RF local oscillator signal, which determines the RF center frequency. Filtered RF signals may be provided by the impedance divider. Filtered IF signals may be provided by the IF impedance circuit. To effectively translate and preserve the IF impedance characteristics, the IF impedance circuit presents a high impedance at harmonics of the RF local oscillator signal. |
| US07809347B2 |
Modular ASIC with crosspoint switch
Provided is a digital signal processing device, specifically a modular application specific integrated circuit (“ASIC”), having a programmable crosspoint switch for facilitating data transfer and processing within the circuit. A programmable matrix element is operable to perform advanced matrix operations (arithmetic operations) according to user provided commands. The crosspoint switch interconnects the programmable matrix element with various other processing or conditioning modules (i.e. down conversion, filter, pulse processing and demodulation modules) to ensure parallel processing at System Clock rates. The ASIC, which is reconfigurable at a top-level according to user requirements, facilitates design changes and bench testing. |
| US07809346B2 |
Digital audio receiver with reduced AM interference
A digital audio system including a digital audio amplifier with reduced AM interference. The digital audio amplifier includes a pulse-width-modulation (PWM) processor in which a digital datastream is upsampled by an interpolation filter. A sample rate converter resamples the upsampled datastream to produce a datastream at a converted sampling frequency, or PWM frame rate. The converted datastream is then applied to pulse-width-modulation circuitry which generates a PWM signal at the PWM frame rate. The sample rate converter resamples according to a sample rate conversion ratio associated with the AM tuned frequency. For example, the sample rate conversion ratio can be selected so that the PWM frame rate and its lower harmonics avoid an AM tuned frequency, any intermediate frequency in the AM tuner, and also an image frequency in the tuner. |
| US07809345B2 |
Digital PLL and applications thereof
A digital phase locked loop (PLL) includes a digital phase detector, a digital loop filter, a digitally controlled oscillation module, and a variable feedback divider. The digital phase detector is coupled to produce a difference signal based on a phase difference between a reference oscillation and a feedback oscillation. The digital loop filter is coupled to process the difference signal to produce a control signal. The digitally controlled oscillation module is coupled to generate an output oscillation based on the control signal. The variable feedback divider is coupled to produce the feedback oscillation from the output oscillation based on a divider value and a controlled variable delay. |
| US07809344B2 |
Fractional carrier frequency offset estimator and method of estimating fractional carrier frequency offset between transmitter and receiver
Fractional carrier frequency offset estimators and related methods are disclosed. The invention may be particularly applied in WiMAX systems. The disclosed method of estimating fractional carrier frequency offset between a transmitter and a receiver includes calculating a first delay correlation based on a first and a second preamble repetitions included in a received signal, processing the phase of the first delay correlation to compensate for a phase rotation of the first delay correlation, and estimating the fractional carrier frequency offset by multiplying a processed phase value, generated after the step of processing the phase of the first delay correlation, by a predetermined value. |
| US07809341B2 |
Radio wave reception device, radio wave clock, and repeater
A received low-frequency standard radio wave, which is an amplitude modulation signal, is converted to an intermediate frequency signal Sa, and is output to a detection circuit and an AGC circuit. The detection circuit and AGC circuit generates an RF control signal Sf1 and IF control signal Sf2 from the input intermediate frequency signal Sa, and controls an RF control circuit and IF control circuit by outputting the generated RF control signal Sf1 and IF control signal Sf2 to the RF control circuit and IF control circuit. By this a radio wave reception device can speed up AGC operation. |
| US07809339B1 |
Voltage regulator for high performance RF systems
A voltage regulator comprises a master regulator circuit that receives a reference signal and that generates a feedback signal and a master bias signal. The master bias signal is based on the reference signal and the feedback signal. N slave regulator circuits receive the master bias signal from the master regulator circuit and output N regulated output signals to N circuits, respectively, where N is an integer greater than one. |
| US07809338B2 |
Local oscillator with non-harmonic ratio between oscillator and RF frequencies using wideband modulation spectral replicas
A novel and useful apparatus for and method of local oscillator (LO) generation with non-integer multiplication ratio between the local oscillator and RF frequencies. The LO generation schemes presented are operative to generate I and Q square waves at a designated frequency while avoiding the well known issue of harmonic pulling. An input baseband signal is interpolated and upconverted in the digital domain to an IF. The LO operates at a frequency which is a n/m division of the target RF frequency fRF. The IF frequency is configured to ½ of the LO frequency. The upconverted IF signal is then converted to the analog domain via digital power amplifiers followed by voltage combiners. The output of the combiners is band pass filtered to extract the desired replica. |
| US07809337B2 |
System and method for adjusting transmission phasing in a point-to-point communication link
An apparatus and method for adjusting transmission phasing in a point-to-point communication link is disclosed. The relative phases of the transmissions from each antenna are adjusted before transmission to give optimum gain when received by two or more antenna elements and a signal combining element. The signal includes a data component, consisting of a subset of the subcarriers modulated with the input data, which is common to transmissions from all antenna elements; and a phase reference component consisting of a subset of the subcarriers that are modulated with a predetermined phase. The signal combining element is operable to receive the components and extract phase information. A phase adjustment signaling device compares extracted phase information and signals the plurality of transmitting antenna elements to adjust the relative transmission phasing between the signals transmitted from a plurality of transmitting antenna elements to permit a receiver to receive the transmitted signals with a desired phase relationship. |
| US07809336B2 |
Rate selection for a quasi-orthogonal communication system
To select a rate for a transmitter in a communication system, a receiver obtains a channel response estimate and a received SINR estimate for the transmitter, e.g., based on a pilot received from the transmitter. The receiver computes a hypothesized SINR for the transmitter based on the channel response estimate and the received SINR estimate. The receiver then selects a rate for the transmitter based on (1) the hypothesized SINR and (2) characterized statistics of noise and interference at the receiver for the transmitter, which may be given by a probability density function (PDF) of SINR loss with respect to the hypothesized SINR. A look-up table of rate versus hypothesized SINR may be generated a priori for the PDF of SINR loss. The receiver may then apply the hypothesized SINR for the transmitter to the look-up table, which then provides the rate for the transmitter. |
| US07809335B2 |
Dynamic logging control for a wireless device
A technique includes based on a processing time that is available to a wireless device during an upcoming time interval, selectively enabling and disabling logging by the wireless device. |
| US07809334B2 |
Signal transmitting and receiving apparatus capable of preventing the receiving end from saturating
The present invention provides a signal emitting and receiving circuit and the operating method thereof. The circuit includes a signal receiving unit, a first signal generator and a second signal generator. The signal receiving unit receives a first signal and a second signal. The first signal generator generates the first signal. The second signal generator, which is couple to the signal receiving unit, generates the second signal. There is a phase difference between the first signal and the second signal such that in the signal receiving unit the two signals eliminate each other's power. |
| US07809330B2 |
System and method for reselecting antennas in a cellular mobile communication system using multiple antennas
A cellular mobile communication system using multiple antennas reselects a plurality of transmission antennas of base stations connected to a mobile station. The system includes measuring a channel quality parameter used for estimation of channel performance, determining whether to reselect the transmission antennas using the measured channel quality parameter, reselecting transmission antennas of the base stations connected to the mobile station, and connecting the reselected transmission antennas to the base station. |
| US07809329B2 |
Shared RF bus structure
A device includes a plurality of ICs and an RF bus structure. Each IC includes a plurality of circuit modules, a switching module, an RF bus transceiver, an antenna interface, and an antenna structure. The switching module provides controlled access to the RF bus transceiver, which communicates via the RF bus structure, among the plurality of circuit modules for external IC communications and provides connectivity among the circuit modules for internal IC communications. |
| US07809328B2 |
Base apparatus, monitor terminal and repeater apparatus
A repeater for relaying communication between a base and a monitor which constitute a wireless LAN, includes a control means wherein, when reception quality of received data from the base by the monitor is lower than threshold in a direct communication mode in which the base and the monitor are communicating directly, the repeater is set as an indirect mode of relaying communication between the base and the monitor according to a request from the base based on a request from the monitor, and when reception level of a beacon received by the monitor from the base is equal to or greater than the threshold in the indirect communication mode in which the base and the monitor are communicating via the repeater, the repeater is set, according to a request from the monitor, as a non-indirect mode in which communication between the base and the monitor are not relayed. |
| US07809315B2 |
Transfer/transport conductive endless belt for a tandem system, method for producing same, and image forming apparatus employing same
Provided are a conductive endless belt, a method of producing the same, and an image forming apparatus employing the same, the conductive endless belt having both desirable intended belt properties and surface properties, and being producible without known problems in terms of cost and quality. A conductive endless belt 100 is used as a transfer/transport conductive endless belt for a tandem system in which the conductive endless belt is circularly driven by a drive member so as to transport a recording medium held by the belt through electrostatic attraction to four differing image forming bodies, in which the toner images are sequentially transferred onto the recording medium. The conductive endless belt 100 is composed of a belt base 101 having thereon a resin layer 102, the resin layer 102 containing an ultraviolet or electron beam curable resin. The resin layer 102 preferably contains a conductive agent, specifically carbon black. |
| US07809313B2 |
Toner bottle unit and image forming apparatus
A toner bottle unit detachable to an image forming apparatus includes an opening/closing device for making an opening of a toner bottle by removing a cap from the opening and closing the opening by attaching the cap. An opening/closing operation device is provided to swing from an open position, in which the opening/closing device makes the opening, to close position, in which the opening/closing device closes the opening. The opening/closing device is operated to make the opening in conjunction with swinging movement of the opening/closing operation device from the close position to the open position, and closes the opening in conjunction with the swinging movement of the opening/closing operation device from the open position to the close position. The opening/closing operation device is swung between the open and close positions substantially around the central axis. |
| US07809312B2 |
Toner agitator, toner supplying apparatus including the same, and method of supplying toner
A toner supplying apparatus includes a toner tank to hold toner, a supplying part that protrudes into the toner tank to discharge the toner from the toner tank, and a toner agitating member to rotate within the toner tank to agitate the toner in almost an entire inner space of the toner tank, including a location on a top surface of the supplying part that projects into the toner tank. |
| US07809311B2 |
Camming method and apparatus for controlling color developers for non-contact development
A developer camming apparatus connected to a developer unit, including a slide, a motor, and an encoder, wherein the encoder determines a distance a developer unit is from the photoreceptor, wherein the encoder allows the developer unit to be sufficiently close to effect application of toner to the photoreceptor from the developer unit, but also does not allow the developer unit to contact the photoreceptor during a print job. |
| US07809307B2 |
Image forming apparatus with cleaner having member in contact with a surface of an image carrier
To provide a cleaning apparatus capable of maintaining high cleaning performance even if surface roughness of an image carrier is increased due to wear and a wet image forming apparatus installing the concerned cleaning apparatus, thereby enabling to form images of a stable quality. The cleaning apparatus for removing liquid developer remaining on the surface of a latent image carrier and an intermediate transfer member, which are an image carrier of the image forming apparatus for forming images with the liquid developer including toner particles and carrier liquid, includes three stages of cleaning sections such as a preliminary cleaning member for making contact with the image carrier and suspending the toner particles adhered to the surface of the image carrier in the carrier liquid, a toner particles removing member for removing the suspended toner particles by electrostatic force, and a carrier liquid removing member for removing the remaining carrier liquid. |
| US07809304B2 |
Duct for image forming apparatus
A duct for an image forming apparatus for forming an image on a recording material, the duct includes a discharge opening for discharging air; a fan, mounted to a neighborhood of the discharge opening, for discharging the air; first and second openings for suction of air; a first guiding portion, having first and second openings, for guiding the sucked air; a separation member, provided in the first guiding portion, for separating a flow of the air sucked by the first opening and a flow of the air sucked by the second opening; a second guiding member, disposed overlapped with the first guiding portion, for guiding the air guided by the first guiding portion; a first interconnection opening for feeding the air from the first opening to the second guiding portion; a second interconnection opening for feeding the air from the second opening to the second guiding portion, wherein the first interconnection opening is disposed closer to the discharge opening than the second interconnection opening, and wherein the first interconnection opening has a size smaller than the second interconnection opening. |
| US07809302B2 |
Charging device and image forming apparatus using the same
A charging apparatus includes a charging member to charge a surface of a photoconductive medium, a power unit to supply an electric power as a bias voltage to the charging member, and a resistor unit to reduce a ripple on the surface of the charging member. Accordingly, a stability of the charging apparatus is secured without using a separate power device. |
| US07809299B2 |
Image forming apparatus for forming color images and monochrome images
The present invention provides an image forming apparatus which, when switching operation from color image forming operation to monochromatic image forming operation, forms a monochromatic image on each of a prescribed number of sheets by stopping a part of the functions of yellow, magenta and cyan image forming sections of the color image forming operation, and thereafter, forms a monochromatic image only with a black-only image forming section, thereby permitting extension of service life of the image forming sections, while improving the productivity. |
| US07809298B2 |
Image forming apparatus having display unit for displaying an executable program and control method therefor
An image forming apparatus having a display unit for displaying a program which can be executed in the apparatus has an input unit for inputting a program into the image forming apparatus. A display control unit controls a process for displaying select keys including a plurality of select keys to instruct a selection of a desired one of a plurality of programs stored in the image forming apparatus onto a display screen displayed on the display unit. A discriminating unit discriminates whether or not the select key to instruct a selection of the program inputted by the input unit can be further displayed onto the first display screen to display the select keys corresponding to the programs registered in the image forming apparatus in response to the input of the program from the input unit. |
| US07809293B2 |
Image forming apparatus and method of checking for disconnections between voltage generating circuits and electrodes thereof
A method and apparatus is provided for checking for a disconnection, with respect to an image forming apparatus including electrical loads and voltage generating circuits that generate voltages that are applied to the electrical loads, by determining if the voltage generating circuits and electrodes that are electrically connected to the electrical loads are normally connected. |
| US07809292B2 |
Image forming apparatus, method, and computer program product, detecting temperature of a fixing unit
A temperature detecting unit detects temperature of a fixing unit, and a control unit monitors temperatures detected by the temperature detecting unit. The control unit determines that the temperature detecting unit is abnormal when a first difference in temperatures in a first time period exceeds a first threshold. |
| US07809287B2 |
Consumable cartridge and image forming apparatus using the same
Both the user of an image forming apparatus and the image forming apparatus can determine if the consumable cartridge supplied to the apparatus is a refilled product or not at a glance. The consumable cartridge is for supplying a consumable to be used in the image forming process of an image forming apparatus to the image forming apparatus. It has an ID tag memory seal 100 arranged at a predetermined position and includes an ID tag memory electrically indicating that the consumable cartridge is supplied by the manufacturer of the image forming apparatus and a logo label section, arranged on the surface of the ID tag memory for causing the user to visually recognize that the consumable cartridge is supplied by the manufacturer of the image forming apparatus. |
| US07809280B2 |
Chirp-managed, electroabsorption-modulated laser
An optical transmitter comprising: an optical source modulated with an input digital data signal so as to generate a first, frequency-modulated digital signal; and an amplitude modulator, modulated with the logical inverse of the input digital data signal, for receiving the first, frequency-modulated signal and generating a second, amplitude-modulated and frequency-modulated digital signal; wherein the optical source and the amplitude modulator are each configured so as to produce positive transient chirp. A method for transmitting a signal, the method comprising: generating a first, frequency-modulated digital signal by modulating an optical source with an input digital data signal; and providing a second, amplitude-modulated and frequency-modulated digital signal by passing the first, frequency-modulated digital signal through an amplitude modulator while modulating the amplitude modulator with the logical inverse of the input digital data signal; wherein the optical source and the amplitude modulator are each configured so as to produce positive transient chirp. |
| US07809278B2 |
Apparatus and method of providing separate control and data channels between arrays of light emitters and detectors for optical communication and alignment
A method of aligning optical data communication channels between system functions comprises: emitting an array of light beams from a corresponding array of data emitters in response to electrical data signals generated from a first system function; emitting light beams from two control emitters in response to electrical control signals generated from the first system function; receiving light beams from the data emitters by a corresponding array of data detectors to form an array of data optical communication channels; conducting electrical data signals reproduced from the received data emitter light beams to a second system function; receiving light beams from the two control emitters by two control detector sections to form two control optical communication channels; conducting electrical control signals reproduced from the received control emitter light beams to a second system function; monitoring a multiplicity of light detectors of each of the two control detector sections to determine an offset in optical channel alignment; and controlling the optical channel alignment based on the determined offset. |
| US07809276B2 |
Inter-transceiver module communication for optimization of link between transceivers
A method for two or more optical transceivers coupled to each other by an optical link to optimize communication over the optical link. A first transceiver generates electrical data that represents an operational parameter for optimization. The transceiver then converts the electrical data into an optical signal and transmits the optical signal over the optical link to a second transceiver. The second transceiver recovers the electrical data from the optical signal and uses the recovered electrical data to change characteristics of the optical signal transmitted by the second transceiver. |
| US07809275B2 |
XFP transceiver with 8.5G CDR bypass
This disclosure concerns transceivers that include CDR bypass functionality. In one example, a 10 G XFP transceiver module includes integrated CDR functionality for reducing jitter. The 10 G XFP transceiver module also implements CDR bypass functionality so that the CDR can be bypassed at rate less than about 10 Gb/s, such as the Fibre Channel 8.5 Gb/s rate for example. |
| US07809272B2 |
Systems and methods for providing a three-port reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexer with an improved edge profile and add/drop flexibility
The technology described herein provides a low-cost three-port reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexer (ROADM) with an improved edge profile and add/drop flexibility. The technology described herein further provides a tunable spectral filter utilizing two sets of gratings and lenses and a two-axis micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) mirror with a selectively shaped cut-out disposed within the middle of the collimated optical path. |
| US07809269B2 |
Systems and methods for multiplexing QKD channels
Systems and methods for multiplexing two or more channels of a quantum key distribution (QKD) system are disclosed. A method includes putting the optical public channel signal (SP1) in return-to-zero (RZ) format in a transmitter (T) in one QKD station (Alice) and amplifying this signal (thereby forming SP1*) just prior to this signal being detected with a detector (30) in a receiver (R) at the other QKD station (Bob). The method further includes precisely gating the detector via a gating element (40) and a coincident signal (PN1′) with pulses that coincide with the expected arrival times of the pulses in the detected (electrical) public channel signal (SP2). This allows for the public channel signal to have much less power, making it more amenable for multiplexing with the other QKD signals. |
| US07809267B2 |
Coherent gated receiver
The present invention is directed to a coherent gated receiver. The receiver includes a decoder operable to receive an optical signal and generate a decoded optical signal, the decoder comprises a demultiplexer operable to spatially distribute the optical signal, a phase mask operable to decode the spatially distributed optical signal, and a multiplexer operable to combine the decoded spatially distributed optical signal. The receiver also includes a laser source operable to provide a pulse signal, a combiner coupled to the laser source and the decoder operable to combine the decoded optical signal and the pulse signal, and a detector operable to detect an output from the combiner. |
| US07809266B2 |
Method and apparatus for providing data confidentially for very high-speed multiple-wavelength optical data links
A DWDM optical system in a first embodiment includes a plurality of scramblers on the transmit side and a plurality of corresponding de-scramblers on the receiver side of the DWDM system. Each scrambler includes an input for an encryption key with the corresponding de-scrambler including an input for the same encryption key. In accordance with the pseudorandom encryption key, input data channels are scrambled onto output optical channels to provide data security across the optical path. With a suitable algorithm, this technique can provide very strong data confidentiality. The strength of the technique of the embodiments of the invention resides in the scrambling algorithm that is used to scramble the data over the optical carriers. Preferably the scrambling algorithm is very unpredictable and does not repeat for a very long time. |
| US07809260B2 |
Image capturing apparatus and method for controlling same
The present invention further improves operability related to setting the position and size of a focus detection region. An image capturing apparatus of the invention is provided with an image sensor that photo-electrically converts an object image formed by an optical lens, a focus detection unit that detects the focus state of the object image using an image signal from a focus detection region that is a region that is a portion within a frame of the image sensor, a setting unit that sets one focus detection mode from among a plurality of focus detection modes in which the size and position of the focus detection region within the frame differ, and a storage unit that stores a focus detection region size and position for each of the plurality of focus detection modes. |
| US07809255B2 |
Solid state imaging device
The solid-state imaging device includes a semiconductor substrate and a light receiving portion. On the back surface of the semiconductor substrate a contact surface is provided. The solid-state imaging device photoelectrically converts, in the semiconductor substrate, light transmitted through the object to be imaged in contact with the contact surface, and receives the electric charge generated by the photoelectric conversion with the light receiving portion, to thereby acquire the image of the object to be imaged. The contact surface is a rough surface. |
| US07809254B2 |
Dialysis fluid heating using pressure and vacuum
A dialysis fluid heating system includes a dialysis fluid heater; a heating portion of a dialysis fluid carrying set, the heating portion configured to be placed in contact with a surface of the dialysis fluid heater to heat a dialysis fluid; a pneumatic source connected to the dialysis fluid heater; and a logic implementer configured to cause the pneumatic source to apply a negative pressure between the heating portion and the surface of the dialysis fluid heater. |
| US07809250B2 |
Recording medium having a data structure for managing reproduction of graphic data and recording and reproducing methods and apparatuses
The recording medium includes a graphic information area having at least one graphic image information segment and at least one palette information segment recorded therein. Each palette information segment provides color information. Each graphic image information segment provides reproduction information for reproducing one or more graphic images. |
| US07809248B2 |
Randomly accessible visual information recording medium and recording method, and reproducing device and reproducing method
Access point pictures designated as randomly accessible positions are I pictures or P pictures. Information indicating the decoding sequence (I1, P1, B1, B2, B3, B4, P2, . . . ) of pictures functioning as access points and attribute information (picture_type) indicating whether a picture functions as an access point or is necessary for decoding of the access point following a given access point are recorded on the video information recording medium. Random access is possible even if the GOP interval is lengthened. |
| US07809246B1 |
Apparatus for reproduction of encoded signal
A formatter is provided and, when a code sequence which matches a part (‘00’) of the head of a predetermined code sequence detected by a start code prefix detection unit, is detected, the start code prefix detection unit detects the residual part (‘00’, ‘00’, ‘01’, ‘E0’) of the detected predetermined code sequence to detect a pattern of (‘00’, ‘00’, ‘00’), and the formatter outputs one (‘00’). After the boundary of packets is defined, amongst data which are not transferred to a decoding buffer, data corresponding to code sequences other than the code sequence (‘00’, ‘00’, ‘01’, ‘E0’) indicating that the packet boundary are output to the decoding buffer. Therefore, when separating a coded and multiplexed signal, control of an input buffer reading control circuit is simplified, and thereby the hardware scale is reduced, resulting in an inexpensive apparatus for reproducing a digital code sequence. |
| US07809245B2 |
Information recording method, information recording medium, and information reproducing method, wherein information is stored on a data recording portion and a management information recording portion
With this invention, at least one of a video file containing video information, a still picture file containing still picture information, and an audio file containing audio information and a management file having management information on a control method of reproducing the information in the file are recorded on an information storage medium. This realizes a data structure that causes the recording and deleting places on the information storage medium to correspond spuriously to places on a single tape, such as a VTR tape. Use of the data structure provides users with an easy-to-use interface. |
| US07809238B2 |
After-recording method and apparatus for digital recording medium and reproduction method and apparatus for the digital recording medium
An after recording method comprising a first step of reading the original data including at least a video bit stream from a digital recording medium (1), a second step of decoding the original data, a third step of encoding audio data in synchronism with the decoding of the original data thereby to form a new audio bit stream, and a fourth step of writing the new audio bit stream in an area of the digital recording medium 1 corresponding to a time point substantially equal to the recording area of the original data. The sound after-recorded can be easily reproduced in accurate temporal agreement with the original image. |
| US07809228B2 |
Optical waveguide film, method for manufacturing the same, and optical transmission and reception module
An optical waveguide film includes an optical waveguide film main body having an optical waveguide core through which light is propagated, and a cladding portion that encloses the optical waveguide core and has a lower refractive index than that of the optical waveguide core; and an electric wiring layer formed on at least a part of a principal surface of the optical waveguide film main body. |
| US07809224B2 |
Composite waveguide
A composite waveguide includes a central core configured to transmit a plurality of modes and at least one side core helically wound about the central core and configured to be selectively coupled to at least a portion of the plurality of modes in the central core. |
| US07809223B2 |
Polarization-maintaining optical fiber, method of manufacturing polarization-maintaining optical-fiber connecting portion, and polarization-maintaining optical-fiber connecting portion
A polarization-maintaining optical fiber includes a core region and a cladding region formed around the core region. The cladding region has a refractive index lower than a refractive index of the core region. A refractive index profile of the core region is either one of a step shaped or a concave shaped. The cladding region includes two holes formed in such a manner that a shortest distance from the core region is virtually zero at locations in opposite to each other across the core region. |
| US07809219B2 |
High-sensitivity fiber-compatible optical acoustic sensor
An acoustic sensor includes at least one photonic crystal structure having at least one optical resonance with a resonance frequency and a resonance lineshape. The acoustic sensor further includes a housing mechanically coupled to the at least one photonic crystal structure. At least one of the resonance frequency and the resonance lineshape is responsive to acoustic waves incident upon the housing. |
| US07809218B2 |
Optical modulators
An object of the present invention is, in an optical modulator, to increase the production yield by enhancing the patterning accuracy of the electrodes, as well as to reduce the electrode loss by increasing the thickness of the electrodes. An optical modulator has a substrate 5 made of an electro-optical material; a modulation electrode 2A, 3A, 2B provided on the substrate 5; and an optical waveguide 1c provided on the substrate 5. Light propagating through the optical waveguide 1c is modulated by applying a modulation voltage to the modulation electrode. At least a part of the modulation electrode includes a base 2a, 3a formed on the substrate 5 and a projection part 2b, 3b having a width narrower than that of the base. |
| US07809217B2 |
Light control element
In a polarization-independent light control element operable at low voltage, optical waveguides are provided in an X-cut first substrate and control electrodes are disposed thereabove. Optical waveguides are provided in a Z-cut second substrate and control electrodes are disposed thereabove. The control electrodes of the first and second substrates are connected in series to each other in the propagation direction of light. This allows a transverse electric component and a transverse magnetic component to be efficiently controlled because of the incorporation of high electro-optical effects of the optical waveguides of the first substrate on the transverse electric component and high electro-optical effects of the optical waveguides of the second substrate on the transverse magnetic component. |
| US07809216B2 |
Bi-directional signal interface and apparatus using same
A signal interface includes a dual-drive device having a first and a second input port that receive an outgoing signal. One of the first and the second input ports also receive an incoming signal. The dual-drive device passes the incoming signal to an output port while isolating the outgoing signal from the incoming signal. |
| US07809214B2 |
Device and a method for identifying movement patterns
A device for converting digital images taken along a predefined movement pattern into a control signal. The device comprises an image input device having a connection to a image sensor. The image input device is adapted to receive the digital images captured during the displacement of the image sensor and determine whether motion measured therein corresponds to any prestored movement pattern, that is to say to a predefined gesture. The device further comprises a movement pattern converter to convert the recognized pattern into the control signal. |
| US07809210B2 |
Smart grey level magnifier for digital display
Systems and methods are provided that facilitate grey level magnification to improve details and contrast for a dark scene of video on a digital display system. Preferably implemented over a limited pixel level range, the video enhancement process counts the number of pixels corresponding to each level within the range in a frame and then, based on the percent level distribution of the pixels, calculates the stack of percentage distribution. From the stack of percentage distribution, a transformation process is performed to reassign the pixel values over a dark level range and to expand the distribution of the pixels. The result of transformation enhances the details and contrast of the dark area significantly without affecting the bright scene. By only applying the algorithm to dark scenes, computation loads are reduced compared with some of the full picture processing methods. Lower computational loads are important to reduce motion artifacts in high speed video applications. |
| US07809209B2 |
Image display device, and control method for the same
An image display device includes: a display unit that displays an image; a scene change detection unit that detects a change observed in a scene of the image; a brightness enhancement determination unit that determines a brightness enhancement level of the image based on a detection result of the scene change detection unit; and a brightness enhancement unit that subjects an image signal of the image to a brightness enhancement process in which, based on a determination result of the brightness enhancement determination unit, a brightness enhancement amount is set to 0 or a small value on a side largely observed with the change of the scene, and on a side scarcely observed with the change of the scene, the brightness enhancement amount is set to a large value. |
| US07809205B2 |
Image processing method, image processing apparatus, image forming apparatus and recording medium
An image processing apparatus in which image data is transformed to spatial frequencies to obtain multiple frequency components, the obtained frequency components are processed, the processed frequency components are inversely transformed to image data, and the number of gray levels of the inversely transformed image data is decreased, and the image processing apparatus comprising a frequency component judgment section for comparing the absolute value of each of specific multiple frequency components in the multiple frequency components obtained after transformation to spatial frequencies with a predetermined value in terms of magnitude, a frequency component changing section for changing each of specific frequency components on the basis of the result of the comparison, and a noise addition section for adding a specific value to each of the specific frequency components having been changed and other frequency components. |
| US07809204B2 |
Method and apparatus for encoding and decoding key value data of coordinate interpolator
A method and an apparatus for encoding/decoding key value data of a coordinate interpolator used in a three-dimensional graphic animation are provided. The apparatus for encoding key value data of a coordinate interpolator representing the position of each vertex of an object using coordinates of each of the vertices including x, y, and z components includes a quantizer, which quantizes a coordinate interpolator input thereinto with predetermined quantization bits, a DPCM processor, which performs a DPCM operation of a predetermined mode on each component of each vertex of the quantized coordinate interpolator and thus generates differential data based on the temporal variation of the coordinates of each of the vertices and differential data based on the spatial variation of the coordinates of each of the vertices, a dictionary encoder, which generates symbols representing the differential data of each of the components of each of the vertices and the mode of a DPCM operation which has been performed on the differential data and position indexes indicating the positions of the symbols, and an entropy encoder, which entropy-encodes the symbols and the position indexes. |
| US07809193B2 |
Image input-and-output apparatus
There is provided an image input-and-output apparatus comprising an imaging unit that takes an image of an object to be photographed to obtain imaging data, a recognizing unit that recognizes object information from the imaging data obtained by the imaging unit, and a projecting unit that projects related information related to the object information recognized by the recognizing unit. |
| US07809188B1 |
Digital camera and method
Digital camera contrast enhancement with piecewise-linear transform with lower and upper cutoffs for the transform determined from histogram analysis with a green color conversion approximation for images and IIR parameter filtering for videos. |
| US07809187B2 |
Color processing method and apparatus
A color processing method includes setting a reference color as a reference for mapping, setting a distribution range of mapped points based on a color value of the set reference color, distributing a mapped point corresponding to an input color into the distribution range, and mapping the input color into an output color gamut using the mapped point. |
| US07809184B2 |
Devices and methods for automatically verifying, calibrating and surveying instruments for computer-assisted surgery
A device and method for automatically verifying, calibrating and surveying a navigable surgical instrument, wherein by means of a scanning device, the geometry of the instrument, in particular the shape of the functional elements (e.g., tips) and their spatial position with respect to an attachable reference system, are detected. By means of a data processing unit, a three-dimensional model of the instrument is calculated from the detected information concerning the geometry of the instrument including the reference system, wherein verification, calibration or surveying is performed with the aid of the ascertained information concerning the geometry of the instrument. |
| US07809182B2 |
Method and device for suppressing electromagnetic background radiation in an image
A method for suppressing electromagnetic background radiation in the image according to a precharacterization, a device for carrying out the method according to a precharacterization, a measuring instrument, and a use of the device for identifying a laser signal as a mark for subsequent measuring processes as well as for identifying a source of a laser signal. |
| US07809179B2 |
Manufacturing inspection of folded feminine hygiene products by cascading edge and skew detection
A process is provided for inspecting an absorbent article constructed from multiple components. A filtered image is produced from the absorbent article. In the image of the absorbent article, a nonlinear first edge and a second edge are identified at a location where there is a course change in contrast. A center point and centerline of the absorbent article is calculated using the position of the first edge and the second edge. A skew of the absorbent article is calculated. These known locations are utilized to define at least one additional region of the image for further analysis. A third edge and fourth edge are identified at a location where there is a fine change in contrast. The skew of the third edge and the fourth edge within the defined region is calculated and compared to known parameters for the absorbent article. |
| US07809176B2 |
Device and method for automated planning of an access path for a percutaneous, minimally invasive intervention
A device and a method are disclosed for automated planning of an access path for a percutaneous, minimally invasive intervention on an area of the body, in particular on the lungs. In the method, 3D image data of the body area are prepared, from which bones and elements endangered by the intervention are automatically segmented. In a display of the 3D image data and/or of image data derived therefrom, a target position is marked in the 3D image data by a user. On the basis of one or more predefined path geometries, the target position and the segmented data, a planning module automatically determines one or more access paths to the target position which do not run through bones and which do not intersect any elements endangered by the intervention, or intersect only a minimal number of elements endangered by the intervention. The one or more access paths are presented to the user on a monitor for information and/or interactive selection and/or correction in a display of the 3D image data or of image data derived therefrom. |
| US07809170B2 |
Method and apparatus for choosing and evaluating sample size for biometric training process
At least two biometric measurements of a person are collected, then a statistical measure based on the measurements is computed. The statistical measure is a bounded estimate of the discriminative power of a test based on the measurements. While the discriminative power is less than a target value, additional biometric measurements are collected. When enough measurements have been collected, a biometric template is constructed from the measurements and stored for use in future identifications. Systems and software to implement similar methods are also described and claimed. |
| US07809149B2 |
Microphone placement in hearing assistance devices to provide controlled directivity
The present disclosure includes various methods and apparatus for controlling directionality of a hearing assistance device including a pair of directional microphones. In various examples, the hearing assistance device includes a pair of directional microphones and an omnidirectional microphone. In various examples, the hearing assistance device includes a directional microphone and an omnidirectional microphone. In examples with multiple directional microphones, various angles can be employed. For example, in some applications the first directional axis can be about ninety degrees offset of the second directional axis. The microphones are aligned with an intended direction of reception in some embodiments. In some examples the microphones are not aligned with an intended direction of reception. Other variations are possible without departing from the scope of the present subject matter. |
| US07809148B2 |
Loudspeaker
A loudspeaker of improved construction includes a frame and a toroidal magnet that is affixed to the rear of the frame. The toroidal magnet has a central passageway that opens into the frame. A cap is affixed to the rear of the magnet and closes the central passageway. A guide rod is affixed to the cap and projects forwardly from the cap into the central passageway. A tubular former is slidably positioned upon the guide rod. A voice coil is wound about, and is affixed to, the tubular former. A forward cone has a narrow, rear end that is affixed to the tubular former and a wide, front end that is affixed to the front of the frame. A rearward cone has a narrow, rearward end with a central opening that loosely receives the tubular former between the rear of the frame and the rear end of the forward cone. The rearward cone also has a wide, forward end that is affixed to the frame rearwardly of the front end of the forward cone. A rearward spider is affixed to the rearward end of the rearward cone and is affixed to the rear of the frame. A forward spider is affixed to the rear end of the forward cone and is affixed to the forward end of the rearward cone. |
| US07809146B2 |
Audio signal separation device and method thereof
Problems of permutation can be solved with high accuracy without utilizing knowledge about original signals or information concerning positions of microphones and the like when each one of plural signals mixed in an audio signal is separated using independent component analysis. A short-time Fourier transformation section generates spectrograms of observation signals from observation signals in time domain. A signal separation section separates the spectrograms of the observation signals into spectrograms of respective signals, to generate spectrograms of separate signals. A permutation problem solution section calculates a scale corresponding to the degree of permutation, e.g., a Kullback-Leiblar information amount calculated by use of a multidimensional probability density function or multidimensional kurtosis, from substantial whole of the spectrograms of the separate signals. Based on the scale, signals at each of frequencies bin of the spectrograms of the separate signals are exchanged between channels, to solve the permutation problem. |
| US07809142B2 |
Data scrambling and encryption of database tables
An apparatus, program product and method protect data in a database table from unauthorized access through the combination of scrambling the data in the rows and columns of a database table and encrypting the data in different rows and/or columns using different encryption keys. A complementary descrambling and decryption process may then be used by an authorized party to recover the data stored in the scrambled and encrypted table. |
| US07809139B2 |
Digital broadcasting system and method of processing data in digital broadcasting system
A digital broadcast receiver and a control method thereof are disclosed. The control method includes receiving a broadcast signal into which mobile service data and main service data are multiplexed, extracting TPC signaling information and FIC signaling information from a data group in the received mobile service data, acquiring a program table describing virtual channel information and a service of an ensemble, using the extracted FIC signaling information, the ensemble being a virtual channel group of the received mobile service data, detecting a conditional access descriptor indicating whether the mobile service data was encrypted, using the acquired program table, and controlling such that the encrypted mobile service data is decrypted, using information of the detected conditional access descriptor. |
| US07809137B2 |
Job allocation control apparatus and job allocation control method
In a job allocation control apparatus, whether or not a job has security setting is discriminated, if it is decided that the job has the security setting, this job is set to a scheduling target to a clean device, and if it is decided that the job does not have the security setting, this job is set to a scheduling target to a non-clean device. When a process of the job having the security setting as a scheduling target to the clean device cannot be executed, the job having the security setting is set to the scheduling target to the non-clean device. Whether or not the non-clean device satisfies a predetermined condition is discriminated. If the predetermined condition is satisfied, the job having the security setting is transmitted to the non-clean device. |
| US07809136B2 |
Enhanced ANSI X9.17 and FIPS 186 pseudorandom number generators with forward security
Disclosed herein are apparatuses and methods for generating pseudorandom numbers by making the existing ANSI and FIPS PRNGs forward secure and eliminating the need for re-keying them. A forward secure ANSI PRNG is created which includes an enhanced block cipher that is non-invertible even if the key becomes known and a function of the block cipher used in the existing ANSI PRNG. Additionally, the forward secure ANSI PRNG includes an enhanced next state that allows previous states to remain secret even when the key and the current state become known. A forward secure FIPS PRNG is created which includes a computation of an enhanced next state that is noninvertible. |
| US07809135B2 |
System and method for protecting computer software from a white box attack
Methods and systems related to increasing the cryptographic security of keys used by software with cryptographic functions. This is done by increasing the mathematical complexity of the software. The components and functions used by the software are first determined and, using these components, functions, and the data exchanged between them, the software is made more resistant to analysis. The methods used in increasing analytical resistance are grouped into 3 general types: adjusting the information exchanged between the components, replacing some components with different but related components, and adjusting the data flow between the components. |
| US07809126B2 |
Proxy server for internet telephony
An apparatus and a method are provided for proxying communications between devices on an IP telephony network. In a preferred embodiment, an appliance comprising a network server and proxy server software includes filtering rules which can be modified to enable proxied communication between an IP phone on a first data network, such as, for example, the internet, and a call processing server located on a second data network. In another embodiment, an appliance comprises a proxy server that proxies call-processing and signaling communications between an authenticated IP phone on a first data network and a call processing server located on a second data network. In another embodiment, the appliance relays voice traffic between IP phones. In another embodiment, the proxy server software operates in a secure mode to permit encryption and decryption of voice and control communications. In another embodiment, the proxy server enables proxied communications between a call processing server and an IP phone by modifying the provisioning data exchanged between the call processing server and the IP phone. |
| US07809125B2 |
Method and apparatus for selection of special-purpose gateways
A method and apparatus route telecommunication calls in a communication system based on media type by detecting a requirement for a special media type for a telecommunication call; and selecting a subset of a plurality of gateways wherein only the subset of gateways is capable of providing communication for the special media type. |
| US07809120B2 |
Collect credit card service
Systems and methods for operator type calling and billing is accomplished by either automated operator instruction prompts, live operator instruction prompts or a combination of both automated and live operator prompts and live or automated billing verification and authorization processes. The operator call type and billing method can be used for operator calls such as calling card, credit card, collect, third party or person-to-person operator calls. In an embodiment the called party is given the option of paying for the incoming collect telephone call with a credit or debit card or with a calling card. |
| US07809116B2 |
DSL system estimation including known DSL line scanning and bad splice detection capability
Estimates of a communication system configuration, such as a DSL system, are based on operational data collected from a network element management system, protocol, users and/or the like. The operational data collected from the system can include performance-characterizing operational data that typically is available in an ADSL system via element-management-system protocols. Scanning, wherein a number of line profiles are used in connection with DSL loops having known configurations, can be used to generate a database or library of loop configuration information. One or more of the line profiles can be used with an unknown DSL loop to generate operational data from the unknown DSL loop that is compared to the loop configuration information in the database, allowing identification of loop configuration information pertaining to the unknown DSL loop. The unknown DSL loop operational data also can be used to determine whether one or more bad splices are present on the unknown DSL loop and, in some cases, the approximate or exact bad splice(s) location(s). |
| US07809115B2 |
Diode for flash radiography
A flash radiography diode includes a cathode and an anode. The cathode includes a frustum member with a bore extending through the frustum member. The anode is a tapered anode made of an electrically conductive material and oriented toward the cathode. The anode and the cathode are housed in a chamber with a gap between the anode and the cathode. The cathode is configured to emit electrons to the tapered anode, which electrons strike the anode and create an anode plasma. The anode plasma creates X rays which propagate from the anode. |
| US07809111B2 |
User control device for controlling a medical system
An operating device with an operating piece, which may be positioned near the floor, includes at least one operating element for controlling a medical instrument. Operation of the medical instrument is possible by actuation of the at least one operating element by foot, such that the operator has hands free to use for further manipulation. A flexible positioning of the operating piece in a defined movement range is possible by arrangement of the operating device such as to be pivotable and/or extendable/retractable relative to the medical instrument which is good for operational manipulation. The operational device may be used during operation of a mammography device. |
| US07809109B2 |
Multiple image collection and synthesis for personnel screening
An apparatus and method for inspecting personnel or their effects. A first and second carriage each carries a source for producing a beam of penetrating radiation incident on a subject. A positioner provides for synchronized relative motion of each carriage vis-à-vis the subject in a direction having a vertical component. A detector receives radiation produced by at least one of the sources after the radiation interacts with the subject. |
| US07809104B2 |
Imaging system with long-standoff capability
An imaging system that can form an image of an item under inspection using scattered radiation. A pencil beam of radiation is steered over the item under inspection and scattered radiation is detected. Regions of the item under inspection from which radiation is scattered are resolved in three dimensions using two-dimensional coordinates to which the pencil beam is steered. The third dimension is resolved using time of flight from the source. Because the inspection system can be located on one side of an item under inspection, an item may be imaged from a long distance and the imaging system may be mounted on a moving vehicle, making the imaging system well suited for use in many security inspection systems to detect explosives and other contraband items. |
| US07809102B2 |
Method and apparatus for positioning a subject in a CT scanner
An apparatus and method for optimally positioning a region of interest of a subject for imaging by a CT scanner. The scanner provides a source of one or more X-ray beams, at least one of which is used for acquiring a CT image of the subject, a movable support for the subject, and a controller that controls the X-ray source. To position the region of interest of the subject, the controller operates to illuminate the subject with X-rays to acquire stereo image data for the region of interest and controls the position of the support responsive to the stereo image data. |
| US07809100B2 |
Rebinning for computed tomography imaging
A tomographic apparatus includes a radiation source (12) having a plurality of focal spots (Fa, Fb, Fc, Fd) and a detector (20) which generates output signals indicative of radiation received along a plurality of rays. A height rebinner (34) performs a height rebinning of the acquired rays to generate height interpolated readings. A transverse rebinner (36) performs a two-dimensional transverse interpolation of the height interpolated rays in a canonical space to generate a plurality of transversely interpolated readings (302). The transversely interpolated readings (302) are reconstructed to generate a human readable image. |
| US07809099B2 |
Direct vessel injection (DVI) nozzle for minimum emergency core cooling (ECC) water bypass
A direct vessel injection (DVI) nozzle for minimum emergency core coolant (ECC) bypass is disclosed. The DVI nozzle is used in a pressurized light water reactor (PLWR) having a reactor vessel with a reactor coolant system in which a coolant flows into the reactor vessel through a cold leg and passes through a reactor core prior to being discharged to the outside of the reactor vessel through a hot leg. The DVI nozzle, provided to directly inject ECC into the reactor vessel to cool the reactor core during a break in the reactor coolant system, such as a cold leg break (CLB) that may occur in the PLWR, is placed on the reactor vessel at a position horizontally offset from the central axis of the hot leg at an angle of 10° to 30° and is involved within a region defined above the central axis of the hot leg by a distance of 1.5 times the sum of diameters of the hot leg and the DVI nozzle. Thus, the DVI nozzle efficiently injects ECC, and remarkably reduces the direct ECC bypass fraction to a broken cold leg and minimizes the amount of direct ECC bypass. |
| US07809097B2 |
Frame timing synchronization for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)
A frame timing synchronization technique for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems is presented. First, a coarse synchronization technique generates a coarse frame timing estimate. The coarse synchronization technique applies a sliding window differentiator to the output of a conventional auto-correlator to mitigate the plateau effect associated with conventional auto-correlation techniques. Second, a fine synchronization technique generates a fine frame timing estimate. The fine synchronization technique uses the coarse frame timing estimate to reduce the number of cross-correlation calculations. Additionally, the fine synchronization technique acquires a fine frame timing estimate based on a signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) metric, which is more robust to multi-paths and pseudo multi-paths caused by cyclic delay diversity (CDD) schemes than conventional cross-correlation synchronization techniques. A fine-tuning technique generates a desired frame timing estimate by searching a first signal path in a searching window around the fine frame timing estimate to further refine frame timing synchronization. |
| US07809092B2 |
Method and system for UMTS HSDPA shared control channel processing
Aspects of a method and system for UMTS HSDPA Shared Control Channel processing may include calculating at a receiver, for each one of a plurality of control channels, a quality metric derived from at least one Viterbi Decoder state metric. A control channel may be selected on the basis of the quality metrics, where the quality metric is selected that provides maximum confidence. The selected control channel may be chosen if its corresponding 3GPP metric is greater than a specified threshold, where the threshold is a design parameter. A validity of a selected control channel may be determined based on consistency and a CRC, where the CRC may be derived from decoding a sub-frame. The calculating and selecting may be done for a first slot of a sub-frame for High-Speed Shared Control Channels. |
| US07809089B2 |
Decorrelating discrimination system of code division multiple access signals
A de-correlating discriminating system of code division multiple access signals including a system structure composed of a plurality of cells, each of the plurality of cells including a base-station and a plurality of user-stations, each of the user-stations including a user-transmitter and a user-receiver, communicating through a multi-access channel with the base station which includes a base-station receiver and a base-station transmitter, and the user-transmitter is capable of transmitting a data symbol to convey a data with a spreading sequence and a pilot symbol that is the spreading sequence to identify a channel from the user transmitter to the base-station receiver and the base-station receiver includes a minimum means square error detector to analyze an input vector that is a received signal containing both multiple users specific data responses. |
| US07809084B2 |
Signal receiving circuit and signal input detection circuit
In a signal receiving circuit there are provided N input detection circuits 2a to 2n for receiving clock signals S1-c to SN-c included in N channels of signals S1 to SN. Each of the input detection circuits 2a to 2n detects the transition of the input signal of the corresponding channel and further confirms that the signal of the corresponding channel is being received after the transition detection to thereby detect the input of the signal of the corresponding channel. The selection circuit 3 selects and outputs the clock signal and the data signal in the signal of the channel of which the input is detected. The selected output signal is successively subjected to input processes through one each of the phase synchronization circuit 4, the serial/parallel conversion circuit 5, etc., which are shared by N channels. |
| US07809076B1 |
Adaptive interference canceling system and method
A communication system adaptively cancels noise and/or interference from signals communicated through a communication channel, such as signals communicated by a telecommunication network. The system, based on a common mode signal of a received signal, generates an estimate of noise or interference within a differential mode signal of the received signal. The system then subtracts the estimate from the differential mode signal in an effort to remove noise from the differential mode signal thereby providing a differential mode signal that is substantially free of the estimated noise or interference. |
| US07809073B2 |
Multiple input/multiple output communication method based on distributed transmission sources
A MIMO method based on distributed transmission sources for transmitting a downlink data stream between M transmitting antennas and a mobile terminal having P receiving antennas, M and P>1, channels from at least two transmitting antennas to one of receiving antennas have different multipath distributions, comprises transmitting a different sub-data stream of M sub-data streams from the M transmitting antennas respectively to the mobile terminal by using the same spreading code: estimating multipath channel matrix of channels from the M transmitting antennas to the receiving antenna, which use the spreading code: and processing transmitted signals corresponding to the M sub-data streams received by the receiving antenna based on the multipath channel matrix of each receiving antenna, to restore the downlink data stream. |
| US07809071B2 |
Wireless communication receiving device and wireless communication system
A wireless communication receiving device includes an initializing section for obtaining a temporary solution from a transmission route estimation value and a reception signal, a solution candidate calculating section for obtaining a solution candidate for each dimension existing inside a search area around the temporary solution, a solution candidate selecting section for deleting a solution candidate a cumulative distance of which is large when the number of solution candidates exceeds a specified resource number, a distance calculating section for obtaining a partial distance between the temporary solution and the solution candidate for each dimension, and a cumulative distance of the obtained partial distances, and a distance comparing section. |
| US07809070B2 |
Crosstalk estimation methods and apparatus using auxiliary time-domain signals
Techniques are disclosed for measuring crosstalk between at least two communication channels of a communication system. A receiver of the system receives a signal over a given one of the communication channels from a transmitter of the system. The receiver correlates the received signal with a sequence of time-domain signals associated with another of the communication channels, and generates a measure of crosstalk between the given communication channel and the other communication channel based on the correlation between the received signal and the sequence of time-domain signals. The sequence of time-domain signals may be selected from a designated set of M-sequences. |
| US07809068B2 |
Integrated circuit capable of independently operating a plurality of communication channels
An apparatus according to one embodiment may include an integrated circuit. The integrated circuit may include a plurality communication channels. The integrated circuit may be is capable of communicating with at least one remote node external to the integrated circuit, via at least one of the communication channels, in accordance with at least one communication protocol. Each of said plurality of communication channels may provide a communication path between a host system and at least one remote node. The integrated circuit may be further capable of operating each communication channel independently of each other and independently of the host system. Of course, many alternatives, variations, and modifications are possible without departing from this embodiment. |
| US07809066B2 |
Packet error signal generator
A software packet error system for a High Definition Television (HDTV) receiver. A data packet error signal is transferred from a forward error correcting Reed-Solomon decoder to a transport processor. In response to a segment sync signal, the transport processor generates an error signal which appears on a programmable output pin. The software packet error signal is synchronized with the outgoing data packet signal such that each data packet is bracketed or framed by its associating packet error signal. Precession of the start of the data packets forwarded on the transport but relative to the start of the data packets appearing at the output of the decoder occurs as a result of a training packet generated for every 312 data packets. The precession is reset at the beginning of every field and is predictable across the field duration with sufficient accuracy to make the software packet error mechanism feasible. |
| US07809062B2 |
Motion picture encoding device and motion picture decoding device
When a prediction is made between fields with different parity, the predicative efficiency of a chrominance vector is improved by adaptively switching the generation of a chrominance motion vector depending on a encoding/decoding field parity (top/bottom) and a reference field parity (top/bottom), and the coding efficiency is improved accordingly. |
| US07809061B1 |
Method and system for hierarchical data reuse to improve efficiency in the encoding of unique multiple video streams
Data is shared across several simultaneous software video encode/compressions sessions with a common input video source. This reduces the amount of work done by each individual encoder by intelligently sharing/reusing data between encoders at various stages of encoding. Each encoder may use the data from another encoder “as-is” or may further minimally process the data. This data sharing reduces the overall encoding time of the streams significantly by reducing the duplicative work that would otherwise have to be performed by each encoder. Data sharing thus enables production of more simultaneous unique compressed video streams per encoding station. To allow sharing and reuse of data between encoders, various modules in the encoding pipeline operate in a hierarchical manner and use each other's output data, and cooperate to produce multiple unique video streams that may differ in format, bit rate, resolution, frame rate, or other video characteristic. |
| US07809057B1 |
Methods for intra beating reduction in video compression
A method for compressing a video stream including the steps of: (1) encoding at least two pictures of the video stream as a first intra picture and a second intra picture, where the first intra picture occurs temporally before the second intra picture, (2) encoding another picture of the video stream as a first inter picture, where the first inter picture (a) occurs temporally (i) after the first intra picture and (ii) before the second intra picture and (b) uses (i) the second intra picture and (ii) one other picture occurring temporally before the first inter picture as references, (3) encoding another picture of the video stream as a second inter picture, where the second inter picture (a) occurs temporally (i) after the first intra picture and (ii) before the second intra picture and (b) uses (i) the second intra picture and (ii) the first inter picture as references and (4) encoding another picture in the video stream as a third inter picture, where the third inter picture (a) occurs temporally after the first intra picture and (ii) before the second intra picture and (b) uses (i) the second intra picture and (ii) the second inter picture as references. |
| US07809055B2 |
Recursive equalization matrix for multiple input multiple output systems
A method for receiving a signal in a wireless communication system based on Multiple-Input Multiple Output (MIMO)—Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) through multiple antennas. In the system, weight for a zero forcing based equalization matrix is determined by inverting a channel transfer matrix for each subcarrier of the signals. The original data transmitted is recovered by combining data subcarriers from different receive antennas using the calculated weights thus reducing the system complexity. |
| US07809052B2 |
Test circuit, system, and method for testing one or more circuit components arranged upon a common printed circuit board
A test circuit, system, and method are provided herein for testing one or more circuit components arranged upon a monolithic substrate. According to one embodiment, the system may include a test circuit and one or more circuit components, all of which are arranged upon the same monolithic substrate. In general, the test circuit may be configured for: (i) receiving an input signal at an input frequency, (ii) generating a test signal by modulating a phase of the input signal in accordance with a periodic signal, and (iii) supplying either the input signal or the test signal to the one or more integrated circuits, based on a control signal supplied to the test circuit. More specifically, the test circuit may be used to determine the jitter and/or duty cycle distortion (DCD) tolerance of any system component without changing the frequency of the clock signal supplied to the component or injecting noise into the clock recovery system. |
| US07809051B2 |
Method to perform a statistical test in which the experiment is multinomial
A method for performing a statistical test on a device or radio channel, which has N outcomes in the form of N different events, whereby N is higher than two, with the following steps: measuring ns samples of the output of the device or radio channel under test, whereby occurs a specific number (na,nb,ne) of each event, defining a specific limit (L) for the test in a space spanned out by specific numbers of each event, erecting a N−1 dimensional likelihood distribution on several points of the limit (L), and constructing a threshold for fail of the radio channel or device and a threshold for pass of the radio channel or device by summing or integrating the N−1 dimensional likelihood distribution along unbroken paths parallel to the limit L until a predefined confidence level is reached. |
| US07809050B2 |
Method and system for reconfigurable channel coding
Aspects of a reconfigurable system for providing channel coding in a wireless communication device are described. The aspects include a plurality of computation elements for performing channel coding operations and memory for storing programs to direct each of the plurality of computation elements. A controller controls the plurality of computation elements and stored programs to achieve channel coding operations in accordance with a plurality of wireless communication standards. The plurality of computation elements include a data reordering element, a linear feedback shift register (LFSR) element, a convolutional encoder element, and a Viterbi decoder element. |
| US07809049B2 |
Voice data RF image and/or video IC
An integrated circuit includes a baseband processing module, an RF section, and an interface module. The baseband processing module converts an outbound voice signal into an outbound voice symbol stream; converts an inbound voice symbol stream into an inbound voice signal; converts outbound data into an outbound data symbol stream; converts an inbound data symbol stream into inbound data; converts outbound image/video data into an outbound image/video symbol stream; and converts an inbound image/video symbol stream into inbound image/video data. The RF section converts an inbound RF voice signal into the inbound voice symbol stream; converts the outbound voice symbol stream into an outbound RF voice signal; converts an inbound RF data signal into the inbound data symbol stream; converts the outbound data symbol stream into an outbound RF data signal; converts an inbound RF image/video signal into the inbound image/video symbol stream; and converts the outbound image/video symbol stream into an outbound RF image/video signal. The interface module couples the baseband processing module to the RF section. |
| US07809046B2 |
Timing-offset estimation in modulated signals using weighted correlation values
In one embodiment, a timing-offset estimator calculates a correlation value for each sample of an OFDM signal having a cyclic prefix for each OFDM symbol. The correlation value is provided to a tapped delay line that applies a separate weight to each of 2V correlation values, where V is the length of the cyclic prefix and the weights are based on a triangular weighting scheme that increases linearly from the first value, peaks at the Vth value, and decreases linearly to the 2Vth value. A stream of combined, squared correlation values is generated by combining and squaring the 2V weighted correlation values for each sample of the OFDM signal. For each cyclic prefix of the OFDM signal, a timing-offset estimate is determined based on a detected peak value in the stream of combined, squared correlation values. A timing-offset estimator with triangular weighting scheme may be implemented using recursive processing. |
| US07809042B2 |
Two-wavelength semiconductor laser device and its fabricating method
A two-wavelength semiconductor laser device includes a first semiconductor laser device including a first-conductivity type first cladding layer, a first guide layer made of AlGaAs mixed crystal, a first quantum well active layer having a barrier layer made of AlGaAs mixed crystal, a second guide layer made of AlGaAs mixed crystal, and a second-conductivity type second cladding layer, and a second semiconductor laser device including a first-conductivity type third cladding layer, a third guide layer made of AlGaInP mixed crystal, a second quantum well active layer having a barrier layer made of AlGaInP mixed crystal, a fourth guide layer made of AlGaInP mixed crystal, and a second-conductivity type fourth cladding layer. At least the barrier layer included in the first quantum well active layer, the first guide layer, and the second guide layer each have an Al molar ratio of more than 0.47 and 0.60 or less. |
| US07809041B2 |
Surface emitting semiconductor laser
In a surface emitting semiconductor laser, a first distributed Bragg reflector includes first and second semiconductor layers of a first conductive type. A second distributed Bragg reflector includes first and second portions. An active layer is provided on the first distributed Bragg reflector. The first distributed Bragg reflector, the active layer and the second distributed Bragg reflector are sequentially arranged in the direction of a predetermined axis. A III-V compound semiconductor region is provided on the first distributed Bragg reflector so as to surround the first portion of the second distributed Bragg reflector. A tunnel junction region with a mesa portion and a tunnel junction also is provided. Further, a second conductive type III-V compound semiconductor layer is provided between the active layer and the tunnel junction region. |
| US07809040B2 |
Red surface emitting laser element, image forming device, and image display apparatus
A red surface emitting laser element includes a first reflector, a second reflector including a p-type semiconductor multilayer film, an active layer between the first reflector and the second reflector, and a p-type semiconductor spacer layer between the active layer and the second reflector, the p-type semiconductor spacer layer having a thickness of 100 nm or more and 350 nm or less. |
| US07809039B2 |
Light-emitting device and manufacturing method of the same
A semiconductor light-emitting device including an insulating film, an optical resonator formed on the insulating film, and a p-electrode and an n-electrode which are disposed on the both sides of the optical resonator, respectively. The optical resonator includes a first semiconductor wire and a second semiconductor wire which are arranged in parallel with a space left therebetween, the space being narrower than emission wavelength, resonator mirrors disposed at the both ends of these semiconductor wires, and a plurality of semiconductor ultra-thin films which are interposed between the first semiconductor wire and the second semiconductor wire and are electrically connected with these semiconductor wires, the first semiconductor wire is electrically connected with the p-electrode, and the second semiconductor wire is electrically connected with the n-electrode, thereby enabling the semiconductor ultra-thin films to generate laser oscillation as a current is injected thereinto. |
| US07809038B2 |
Electro-absorption optical modulator integrated with a laser to produce high speed, uncooled, long distance, low power, 1550 nm optical communication device with optimized parameters
In a conventional EA/DFB laser, since the temperature dependence of the operation wavelength of the EA portion is substantially different from that of the DFB portion, the temperature range over which a stable operation is possible is small. In the case of using the EA/DFB laser as a light emission device, an uncooled operation is not possible. An EA/DFB laser which does not require a temperature control mechanism is proposed.A quantum well structure in which a well layer made of any one of InGaAlAs, InGaAsP, and InGaAs, and a barrier layer made of either one of InGaAlAs or InAlAs is used for an optical absorption layer of an EA modulator. By properly determining detuning at a temperature of 25° C. and a composition wavelength of the barrier layer in the quantum well structure used for the optical absorption layer, it can be realized to suppress the insertion loss, maintain the extinction ratio, and reduce chirping simultaneously over a wide temperature range from −5° C. to 80° C. |
| US07809037B2 |
Laser array circuit
A laser array circuit decreases the size of a circuit pattern. A laser-diode (LD) driving switching element with a low on resistance is used in common with and switches conduction and non-conduction of a large current to each of a plurality of charge capacitors and charge switching elements that accumulate charge in the charge capacitors in respective drive circuits. An LD array and the LD driving switching element are closely located on a light-emitting board. By laying out the LD array and charge capacitors considering only the positional relationship therebetween, the size of a circuit pattern including LDs and the charge capacitors can be decreased. |
| US07809036B2 |
Pump light control of a lamp-pumped laser
A lamp-pumped laser includes a pump light source for optically pumping a laser medium, such as a laser rod, a pump light sensor that detects the optical pumping power of the pump light source, and a control unit connected to receive an output signal from the pump light sensor and to increase the electric power of the pump light source on the basis of the detected optical pumping power and in correspondence with a predetermined rise characteristic of the optical pumping power. |
| US07809033B2 |
Laser oscillator
A laser oscillator is obtained in which the flatness of an optical element that makes contact with a cooling flange is maintained in a highly precise state, by suppressing a flange presser and a base from profile-deforming the cooling flange. The flange presser and the cooling flange make contact with each other by the intermediary of three protrusions provided in either one of the flange presser and the cooling flange, and the three protrusions are arranged at the vertexes of a triangle; the cooling flange and the base make contact with each other by the intermediary of three protrusions provided in either one of the cooling flange and the base; the three points at which the flange presser and the cooling flange make contact with each other by the intermediary of the protrusions and the three points at which the cooling flange and the base make contact with each other by the intermediary of the protrusions are arranged in such a way as to face respective corresponding points; and the flange presser and the base that flank the cooling flange are fixed fastened with a fastening member. |
| US07809032B2 |
Control method of distributed Bragg reflection semiconductor laser, and image projecting apparatus
A DBR semiconductor laser is controlled in an image projecting apparatus, which includes the DBR laser having a phase and DBR region, a light wavelength converting device for converting fundamental-wave light emitted from the DBR laser into second harmonic wave light, an optical deflector for scanning the second harmonic wave in a one or two-dimensional manner, and a modulating portion for modulating the DBR laser. Coefficient calculating and wavelength adjusting steps are performed within a non-drawing time. The coefficient calculating step calculates at least one coefficient in a relationship between a DBR current to be injected into the DBR region and a phase current to be injected into the phase region for continuously shifting the wavelength of the fundamental-wave light. The wavelength adjusting step changes DBR current injected into the DBR region and phase current injected into the phase region based on the relationship. |
| US07809030B2 |
OPO mid-IR wavelength converter
A wavelength converter comprising an arsenic sulfide (As—S) chalcogenide glass fiber coupled to an optical parametric oscillator (OPO) crystal and a laser system using an OPO crystal coupled to an As—S fiber are provided. The OPO receives pump laser radiation from a pump laser and emits laser radiation at a wavelength that is longer than the pump laser radiation. The laser radiation that is emitted from the OPO is input into the As—S fiber, which in turn converts the input wavelength from the OPO to a desired wavelength, for example, a wavelength beyond about 4.4 μm. In an exemplary embodiment, the OPO comprises a periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) crystal. The As—S fiber can include any suitable type of optical fiber, such as a conventional core clad fiber, a photonic crystal fiber, or a microstructured fiber. |
| US07809027B2 |
Network clock synchronization floating window and window delineation
A network component comprising at least one processor configured to implement a method comprising initiating a synchronization window, and promoting the transmission of a frame comprising a control symbol, wherein the control symbol delineates a beginning of the frame, and wherein the control symbol is offset from the beginning of the synchronization window. Also disclosed is a system comprising an upstream node in communication with a downstream node, wherein the upstream node transmits a data stream comprising a plurality of frames to the downstream node, wherein the data stream is organized into a plurality of synchronization windows, and wherein the frames float within the synchronization windows. Included is a method comprising transmitting an Ethernet data stream comprising an Ethernet control symbol, wherein the Ethernet control symbol is transmitted within a synchronization window and delineates a start of a packet within the synchronization window. |
| US07809025B2 |
System and method for distributing clock signals
There is provided a method of operating a computer system. The computer system comprises at least two cabinets and the at least two cabinets have at least one clock signal. The method includes selecting one of the at least one clock signal to serve as a master signal, and synchronizing the computer system to operate from the master signal. Additionally, the method includes altering the capacity of the system while the system is operating. |
| US07809020B2 |
Start of packet detection for multiple receiver combining and multiple input multiple output radio receivers
A method and an apparatus for detecting the start-of-packet in a wireless receiver operating in a packetized wireless network. One method embodiment includes calculating a plurality of start of packet (SOP) indicators, each for one or more of a plurality of receive chains in the receiver; determining one or more linear combinations of respective pluralities of the calculated SOP indicators to form one or more combined SOP indicators; comparing each of a plurality of SOP indicators or combined SOP indicators, including at least one of the combined SOP indicators to a respective threshold to form one or more respective SOP events; and, in the case there is more than one SOP event, determining a logic function of the SOP events to form a SOP decision event. |
| US07809018B2 |
Apparatus for generating and interpreting a data stream with segments having specified entry points
An apparatus for generating a data stream having a series of segments using data organized in subsequent data frames. The apparatus comprises a packetiser for packetising data from a data frame into the series of segments having a first segment and a second segment, where the second segment has interpretable data entities and has a data entity fragment, the data entity fragment including only a part of an interpretable data entity preceding an interpretable data entity. The apparatus comprises furthermore an information block adder for adding an information block associated with the second segment, the information block indicating an entry point into the second segment, the entry point indicating a start of the interpretable data entity following the data entity fragment. |
| US07809005B2 |
Integrated services director (ISD) overall architecture
A video enable answering machine having many new features including customized video announcement messages, caller ID based video announcement messages, and time based video announcement messages. |
| US07809004B2 |
Data processing system and processing unit having an address-based launch governor
A data processing system includes an interconnect fabric, a protected resource having a plurality of banks each associated with a respective one of a plurality of address sets, a snooper that controls access to the resource, one or more masters that initiate requests, and interconnect logic coupled to the one or more masters and to the interconnect fabric. The interconnect logic regulates a rate of delivery to the snooper via the interconnect fabric of requests that target any one the plurality of banks of the protected resource. |
| US07809003B2 |
Method for the routing and control of packet data traffic in a communication system
The invention relates to a method, which comprising initiating the establishment of a security association between a client node and a gateway node. User data is obtained from an authentication server and the user is authenticated. Authorization is obtained for the user for certain network services from a separate authorization node. An authorized address is provided to the client node. The authorization is checked by the gateway node for the allowing outbound packets to specific destinations. |
| US07809001B2 |
Opened network connection control method, opened network connection control system, connection control unit and recording medium
Disclosed are an opened network connection control method, an opened network connection control system, a connection control unit and a recording medium, which allow only terminal units capable of securing security to be connected to an opened network, thereby improving the security level. The connection control unit acquires connection history information held by the terminal unit which has sent a request for connection to the opened network to a central unit, and assigns a logic identifier to the terminal unit and connects the terminal unit to the opened network when the contents of the acquired connection history information coincide with the contents of connection condition information record. |
| US07808999B2 |
Method and apparatus for out-of-order processing of packets using linked lists
These and other aspects of the present invention will be better described with reference to the Detailed Description and the accompanying figures. A method and apparatus for out-of-order processing of packets using linked lists is described. In one embodiment, the method includes receiving packets in a global order, the packets being designated for different ones of a plurality of reorder contexts. The method also includes storing information regarding each of the packets in a shared reorder buffer. The method also includes for each of the plurality of reorder contexts, maintaining a reorder context linked list that records the order in which those of the packets that were designated for that reorder context and that are currently stored in the shared reorder buffer were received relative to the global order. The method also includes completing processing of at least certain of the packets out of the global order and retiring the packets from the shared reorder buffer out of the global order for at least certain of the packets. |
| US07808992B2 |
Platform independent implementation of private VLANS
A PVLAN having a primary and secondary VLAN's where the primary and secondary VLAN's have ports and the users connected to those ports. The MAC addresses of those users are learned in the primary or the secondary VLAN's and together with the port designation are stored preferably in tables associated with the VLAN's and the associated VLAN's. Processes are provided that replicate the tables in the other VLAN's so that the information necessary to transfer packets between source and destination ports is available to the associated VLAN's. |
| US07808988B2 |
System and method for connecting mobile devices
A system and a method connect mobile devices via channels which connect a first terminal and a second terminal. A bearer establishment of the connection is identified by the first terminal and/or the second terminal. The first terminal accesses information to identify the second terminal and/or to select a first codec for data to transmit the data in the first codec between the terminals. The first terminal alternatively chooses a first codec without accessing the information. The data in the first codec is transmitted from the first terminal to the second terminal without an exchange of codec capabilities and/or codec preferences. The second terminal is capable of receiving the data sent in the first codec. Alternatively, the second terminal may be incapable of receiving the data sent in the first codec. The first terminal uses capability and/or preference information received from the second terminal to detect cases whether the second terminal is incapable of receiving the data in the first codec. The first terminal identifies a second codec for the data which is acceptable by the second terminal for receiving the data. The first terminal changes from transmitting the data in the first codec to transmitting the data in the second codec. The second terminal receives and/or accepts the data sent in the second codec. The capability information and/or the preference information of the second terminal is stored in the first terminal and/or in a database accessible by the first terminal. |
| US07808985B2 |
Network repeater
A network repeater is configured to repeat data packets in a broadcast mode without generating a significant broadcast storm. The network repeater is configured to detect a characteristic of a received data packet. The data packet characteristic is compared with valid copies of packet characteristics previously stored in a packet registry. During a delay period, if a valid copy of the detected characteristic is found in the packet registry, then it is assumed that the packet is being received for the second time and the data packet is not repeated in the broadcast mode. If a valid copy of the detected characteristic of the data packet is not found in the packet registry, then the characteristic is stored in the packet registry and the data packet is repeated in a broadcast mode. |
| US07808983B2 |
Network device architecture for centralized packet processing
A method and system for centralized packet processing is disclosed. The method includes transferring a packet received at a port interface of a network device to an uplink interface of the network device, and sending the packet to an uplink from the uplink interface. The transferring and the sending are performed irrespective of a destination of the packet. |
| US07808982B2 |
Method for verifying shared state synchronization of redundant modules in a high availability network switch
Embodiments of the invention disclose a method of determining the existence of state synchronization between two redundant processing modules operating in a network switch that operates in a manner wherein ordinary network traffic stimuli are autonomously processed through interface and fabric modules, and extraordinary network stimuli are processed from the interface modules to the redundant processing modules, wherein one of the modules is operating actively in the switch and the other is operating in a standby condition whereby state latency exists between the two modules, comprising stopping processing of the extraordinary stimuli to the actively operating processing module, completing processing of stimuli previously received by the actively operating processing module, completing processing of stimuli previously received by the processing module operating in a standby condition, reading the state information of each of the two processing modules, and comparing the state information of said two processing modules to determine if their state information is synchronized, and resuming processing extraordinary stimuli by the actively operating processing module. |
| US07808978B2 |
Voice over internet protocol (VoIP) telephone apparatus and communication system for carrying VoIP traffic
A method of establishing Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) communications is provided. The method includes establishing a virtual circuit to carry VoIP traffic via a first Point to Point Protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE) session and to carry other data traffic via a second PPPoE session. The first PPPoE session and the second PPPoE session are supported by a digital subscriber line access multiplexer (DSLAM). |
| US07808977B2 |
Network telephony interface systems between data network telephony and plain old telephone service
A computerized telephony bridge unit has a Data Network Telephony (DNT) Port and a Connection Oriented/Switched Telephony (COST) trunk port, each associated with circuitry for receiving a placing calls in the data format required by connected networks. The bridge unit further comprises conversion circuitry for converting data dynamically between network protocols compatible with each connected network. Control routines executable on the computerized bridge unit are adapted to receive a first call from one of the COST and DNT networks, to place a call associated with the received call on the network other than the network on which the call is received, and to dynamically convert data between a call connected at one port and a call connected at the other port. The data network can be the Internet, and the COST network can be any publicly or privately switched dedicated-connection-oriented telephone network. Association between calls between two otherwise incompatible networks can be by a locally-stored lookup table, by negotiation with a caller, or by retrieval of data from incoming calls. Methods for practicing the invention are taught in the disclosure. |
| US07808976B2 |
Voice communication system and voice communication method
A voice communication system, which is connected to a LAN to which communication terminals are connected and to a public network to which telephones are connected, is provided with a communication server between the LAN and public network having different protocols from each other. The communication server enables a voice communication between a telephone on the public network and a communication terminal connected to the LAN by performing processing similar to that for a voice communication between two communication terminals connected to the LAN. The communication server determines whether an address of the other party inputted by a user is a communication terminal address or a telephone number, and transmits a voice communication request to a communication terminal of the other party when the address is a communication terminal address. When the address is a telephone number, the user acquires the communication terminal address of the communication server, and transmits a voice communication request to the communication server. Thereafter, the voice communication processing is performed through the communication server. |
| US07808975B2 |
System and method for history driven optimization of web services communication
A system, method and computer program product for communicating Web-Services (WS) messages. First there is allocated an identical amount of a cache history storage at each sender and receiver device for storing a history of communicated WS message strings. At the sender, there is generated an intermediate data representations of each message being built, the corresponding message string stored in the cache history storage. The message is communicated as a serialized data string according to the built data representation. For each subsequent message to be communicated, the method comprises identifying identical portions in intermediate data representations of a current message being built and replacing each identified portion in message strings with a reference indicator to a location in the cache history storage corresponding to an identical character string portion associated with a prior message that has been communicated. At the receiver device, the references are identified in received message strings and one or more intermediate data representations locally stored at the receiver device are substituted in the message to complete a build of the received message. |
| US07808973B2 |
Data network interface and communication devices having a data network interface
Line-oriented communication devices are coupled by a data network interface to a packet-oriented data network. The data network interface has a data network connection for coupling a data network cable to the data network, as well as a communication network connection for coupling a communication device for setting up line-oriented communication links. The data network interface couples the communication network connection and the data network connection to transmit communication signals on the communication links between the communication network connection and at least one supply conductor, which is provided for supplying voltage to data communication devices in the data network, in the data network cable. |
| US07808967B2 |
Method of performing cell search in wireless communication system
A method of performing cell search includes receiving a primary synchronization signal (PSS) comprising a primary synchronization code (PSC) and receiving a secondary synchronization signal (SSS) comprising a first secondary synchronization code (SSC) and a second SSC, wherein the SSS includes a first SSS and a second SSS, the first SSC and the second SSC are arranged in that order in the first SSS, and the second SSC and the first SSC are arranged in that order in the second SSS. Detection performance on synchronization signals can be improved, and cell search can be performed more reliably. |
| US07808958B1 |
Rogue wireless access point detection
A local computing endpoint (e.g., a desktop computer, a notebook computer) is used to detect the presence of and record information about one or more wireless access point within range of the local computing endpoint. The recorded information is processed by a centralized computing endpoint to determine whether any of the one or more wireless access points is a rogue wireless access point. |
| US07808956B2 |
Dynamic, adaptive power control for a half-duplex wireless communication system
The power of a signal transmitted from a mobile terminal of a half-duplex TDMA communication system to a base station is controlled by collecting data relating to bit errors in the transmitted signal received on an inbound channel, generating a time-varying statistic of the data. If the time varying statistic indicates that the power should be adjusted, a power control command is embedded in one or more time slots of an outbound channel to the mobile terminal to change the power of the signal. The data may be the bit error rate (BER) reported by a forward error correction decoder and/or returned signal strength information (RSSI). The time varying statistic may be the moving average and standard deviation of the data. |
| US07808947B2 |
Managing network service access
Managing network service access includes receiving a packet data service request. The packet data service request is associated with a mobile subscriber and a service identifier that can bypass validation for accessing a traffic destination. Access is requested from an access node in response to the packet data service request. The access node maps a target access point to the mobile subscriber, where the target access point provides the mobile subscriber with access to the traffic destination. An access acceptance message is received from the access node, where the access acceptance message identifies the target access point. A packet data context is created by associating the target access point with the mobile subscriber to allow the mobile subscriber to access the traffic destination. |
| US07808943B2 |
Mobile body communication system, mobile body communication method, and mobile body communication base station device
In the IP adapted mobile body communication system, a call receiving procedure according to a paging area providing method is provided, and an existing mobile body communication system and a VoIP-based mobile body communication system can be used at the same time.The mobile body communication system includes subnet forming means for forming a broadcast domain with at least one base station device (2), and simultaneous call means for transmitting a call signal to the broadcast address of said subnet when calling a mobile station device (1). |
| US07808941B2 |
Dynamic adaptation for wireless communications with enhanced quality of service
Techniques and systems designed to dynamically control communications between wireless devices and an access point in a wireless local area network (WLAN) to enhance the quality of service (QoS). Described techniques and systems may be implemented to further enhance QoS in WLANs under IEEE 802.11e. |
| US07808940B2 |
Peak-to-average power ratio control
A method for reducing the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) in an OFDM based wireless system is disclosed herein. The reduced PAPR may be achieved by appropriately selecting subpackets for transmission. For example, a scheduler may elect to sequentially transmit the subpackets in an order related to the PAPR of each of the subpackets until at least one of the subpackets is properly received. In one embodiment of the instant invention the order of transmission is selected to be from lowest to highest PAPR. |
| US07808938B2 |
Very narrow band multipoint communication system
A very narrow band multipoint communication system suitable for use in an automatic meter reading (AMR) system having a communication protocol that divides each main channel of a frequency or digital code hopping system into multiple sub-channels and applies frequency division multiplexing among the sub-channels. Each sub-channel exhibits a very narrow band characteristic that allows gain increase to increase the transmission range of the meters. In addition, frequency division multiplexing among the sub-channels greatly increases the number of meters that can communicate on each main channel. The data collection device demodulates and decodes the multiplexed meter signals at an intermediate frequency with electronic circuitry. The resulting very narrow band AMR system exhibits greater transmission range, greater bandwidth and can accommodate a much larger number of meters per data collection device in comparison to a conventional narrow band AMR system. |
| US07808937B2 |
Variable interference cancellation technology for CDMA systems
An interference canceller comprises a composite interference vector (CIV) generator configured to produce a CIV by combining soft and/or hard estimates of interference, an interference-cancelling operator configured for generating a soft-projection operator, and a soft-projection canceller configured for performing a soft projection of the received baseband signal to output an interference-cancelled signal. Weights used in the soft-projection operator are selected to maximize a post-processing SINR. |
| US07808934B2 |
TDD frame format in wireless mesh network
In a wireless mesh network a method includes, at a first node, receiving a transmission from a second node during a first sub-frame of a frame with a first transceiver operating with a first center frequency; processing the received transmission; and transmitting, after a predetermined fixed interval, with a second transceiver operating with a second center frequency the processed received transmission to a third node during a second sub-frame of a subsequent frame or of the same frame. Also disclosed are computer programs to execute the method, as well as apparatus constructed to implement the method. |
| US07808933B2 |
Cascade-type multiplex radio communication relay system
A cascade-type multiplex radio communication relay system, in which a donor and a Main Hub Unit (MHU) are connected to each other through an Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) cable to enable duplex communication, and in which a plurality of remote units are connected to the MHU through UTP cables to enable duplex communication. The cascade-type multiplex radio communication relay system adopts a method of converting at least two different RF communication signals into a single UTP transmission frame, and relaying the UTP transmission frame through a UTP cable in a digital communication manner. |
| US07808929B2 |
Efficient ACL lookup algorithms
A rule management system and methods are disclosed. A rule management system includes a processor and an interface for receiving data comprising a plurality of data fields. The processor includes in a data structure nodes corresponding to combinations of first and second data field values. The data structure includes a node for each combination of first and second data field values for which there exists at least one rule and does not include at least one node corresponding to at least one combination of first and second data field values for which there does not exist a rule. The processor associates rules with each node of the data structure. A node and an associated set of rules for processing a data packet may be identified by determining first and second indices into the data structure that correspond to first and second data field values of the received data packet. |
| US07808926B2 |
System and method for resource discovery
In distributed networks of cooperating nodes, it is useful to perform resource discovery in a manner that is efficient but that also minimizes communication complexity. A system and method in which nodes in a network efficiently are provided with information about the presence of, and other information about, other nodes in the network provides tangible benefits. In general, in one aspect, a system and method according to the invention features a distributed method for communicating information among a plurality of nodes. The method includes choosing, by a first node, one second node from information about nodes that the first node is aware of. The method further includes communicating from the first node to the second node information about the first node and nodes that the first node is aware of. The method further includes adding or merging, by the second node, the information about the first node and nodes that the first node is aware of with information about nodes that the second node is aware of. The method further includes each of the plurality of cooperating nodes repeating these steps. |
| US07808925B2 |
Methods and systems for determining reverse DNS entries
Systems and methods that determine reverse DNS entries for IP addresses are described. In one embodiment, a first group of consecutive IP addresses is identified, a first configured IP address in the first group is determined, wherein the first configured IP address has an associated first domain name, a first non-configured IP address in the first group is determined, and the first domain name is associated with a set of IP addresses from the first configured IP address to the first non-configured IP address. |
| US07808920B2 |
Tandem-free vocoder operations between non-compatible communication systems
Tandem-free vocoder operations (TFO) between non-compatible communication systems may be enabled through hardware modifications at communication elements within each system. In one aspect, each infrastructure entity in System 1 comprises an intra-system TFO Frame Generator G1, an intra-system TFO Frame Extractor E1, and a TFO Frame Extractor E2 of System 2, which is non-compatible to System 1. Each infrastructure entity in System 2 comprises an intra-system TFO Frame Generator G2, an intra-system TFO Frame Extractor E2, and a TFO Frame Extractor E1 of System 1. |
| US07808919B2 |
Network monitoring using a proxy
A method and apparatus for network monitoring using a proxy are disclosed. In one embodiment, a method generally comprises receiving at a proxy, path information for a label switched path (LSP) from a forwarding device located in the LSP, generating a connectivity verification message based on the path information, adding a proxy label to the connectivity verification message, and transmitting the connectivity verification message to the forwarding device. The proxy label is configured to inject the connectivity verification message into a forwarding plane at the forwarding device and the connectivity verification message is configured for transmittal from the forwarding device over the LSP to a destination node to verify a forwarding path associated with the path information received from the forwarding device. |
| US07808918B2 |
System and method for dynamically shaping network traffic
A system for dynamically shaping data packet traffic on a packet network including at least one customer access node for communicating the data packets on the packet network; at least one customer premises equipment in communication with the at least one customer access node; at least one Internet gateway for communicating the data packets from an Internet, the at least one Internet gateway in communication with the at least one customer access node through the packet network; and at least one data packet rate shaper in communication with the at least one Internet gateway for shaping the rates of transmission of the data packets through the packet network based on network performance data transmitted by the at least one customer access node to the Internet gateway. A method for dynamically shaping data packet traffic on a packet network is also included. |
| US07808913B2 |
Dynamic bandwidth allocation and service differentiation for broadband passive optical networks
A dynamic upstream bandwidth allocation scheme is disclosed, i.e., limited sharing with traffic prediction (LSTP), to improve the bandwidth efficiency of upstream transmission over PONs. LSTP adopts the PON MAC control messages, and dynamically allocates bandwidth according to the on-line traffic load. The ONU bandwidth requirement includes the already buffered data and a prediction of the incoming data, thus reducing the frame delay and alleviating the data loss. ONUs are served by the OLT in a fixed order in LSTP to facilitate the traffic prediction. Each optical network unit (ONU) classifies its local traffic into three classes with descending priorities: expedited forwarding (EF), assured forwarding (AF), and best effort (BE). Data with higher priority replace data with lower priority when the buffer is full. In order to alleviate uncontrolled delay and unfair drop of the lower priority data, the priority-based scheduling is employed to deliver the buffered data in a particular transmission timeslot. The bandwidth allocation incorporates the service level agreements (SLAs) and the on-line traffic dynamics. The basic limited sharing with traffic prediction (LSTP) scheme is extended to serve the classified network traffic. |
| US07808911B2 |
Dynamic firewall for NSP networks
Method for protecting an NSP data network against data overflow, according to which the NSP data network is divided to a protected sub-network and an unprotected sub-network. Connectivity to external data networks is allowed through the unprotected sub-network via a set of predefined controlled data ports. A maximum available bandwidth that can be processed by a user is determined for each user and maximal sub-bandwidth is allocated for each router. Whenever the data packet flow intended to the user exceeds the sub-bandwidth at one of the routers, the excess packet flow is filtered. |
| US07808904B2 |
Method and apparatus for managing subscriber profiles
Methods and apparatus for managing subscriber profiles are described herein. In one embodiment, the method includes receiving, from a requester, a request to determine an operation to be performed on a data packet. The method also includes determining profile identifiers associated with the requester, wherein the profile identifiers include, a first-level profile identifier associated with a lower-level profile identifier that defines the operation. The method also includes determining, based on the profile identifiers, that the operation should be performed on the data packet and transmitting an indication of the operation to the requestor, wherein the requestor performs the operation on the data packet. |
| US07808903B2 |
System and method of forecasting usage of network links
An approach is provided for forecasting usage of network links. The method includes determining traffic data values for traffic over a network link that is used to provide one or more services to one or more customers, where the traffic data values are taken at intervals for a predetermined range of time. A historical data set of peak traffic data values is compiled from the traffic data values. A mathematical confidence factor is applied to the peak traffic data values to achieve modified data values, and a time-based weighting factor is applied to the modified data values to achieve further modified data values. And, a forecast trend curve of traffic over the network is calculated using the further modified data values. |
| US07808902B1 |
Method of performance measurement for a scalable network
Systems and methods for measuring the performance of a scalable network are disclosed. In one embodiment, a system configured in accordance with this disclosure may comprise a packet generator for providing test packets to a network under test; and a packet count unit for counting test packet received from the network under test. The system may be configured to test networks of various bandwidths such as OC-3 and OC-12 level networks. |
| US07808901B2 |
Media processing system based on satellite set top box platform with telephony downstream and upstream data paths
Systems and methods that provide satellite-based media processing are described. In one embodiment, a system that exchanges media may include, for example, a communications device that may be coupled to a network and to an antenna. The communications device may provide two-way communications with the network and may provide one-way communications with the antenna. The communications may receive media content from the antenna and/or the network. The communications device may send the media content to the network. |
| US07808898B2 |
Flow estimator
A system for communication flow estimation and method therefore are described. The system comprises a filter array arranged to receive a packet, an index hash unit, a flow count array, and a global average counter. The index hash unit generates an index based on a received index set. The flow count array comprises one or more counters and updates a counter based on a received index. The global average counter updates an average count of received packets based on the received packet. |
| US07808895B2 |
Isochronous device communication management
Various embodiments of the invention relate to apportioning a total memory bandwidth available for a time period amongst a plurality of bandwidth requests according to a power managed profile. In addition, isochronous data transmission may be appended together and transmitted according to a data transmission policy, wherein the policy may include transmitting the appended isochronous data during an opportunistic data transmission, or during a time identified for transmitting a combined isochronous data transmission, but prior to a time delay compliance limit for isochronous requirements. |
| US07808894B2 |
Managing bursts of traffic in such a manner as to improve the effective utilization of session servers
A method, system and computer program product for managing bursts of traffic. A counter, referred to herein as a “frequency counter,” is incremented during those time intervals an overload condition is detected and is decremented during those time intervals an overload condition is not detected. An overload condition may refer to when the number of out-of-dialog messages exceeds a threshold value corresponding to the maximum number of out-of-dialog messages that should be accepted and forwarded to an associated session server. If the count of the frequency counter exceeds some pre-configured value, then traffic that exceeds the threshold for the overload condition is stopped from being sent to the associated session server. Otherwise, traffic that exceeds the threshold for the overload condition is permitted to be sent to the associated session server. By managing bursts of traffic in such a manner, the effective utilization of session servers is improved. |
| US07808890B2 |
Forwarding data in a data communications network
An apparatus for forwarding data in a data communications network having as components nodes and links there between, the apparatus being arranged to forward data to a receiving node via a primary path the apparatus further having a repair capability of computing a repair path around a failure component in the primary path to an address having a repair identifier for the receiving node not via the failure component, the apparatus being arranged to forward data to the receiving node via the repair path upon failure of the failure component if a node in the primary path to the receiving node does not have said repair capability. |
| US07808889B1 |
Silent failover from a primary control unit to a backup control unit of a network device
A network device includes a primary control unit that establishes a network tunnel with another network device. The network device applies a silent failover technique to failover from the primary control unit to a backup control unit while maintaining the network tunnel. The network tunnel may be, for example, a Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) tunnel, and the network device may be an L2TP Access Concentrator (LAC) or an L2TP Network Server (LNS). The techniques may prevent abnormal termination of the network tunnel during the failover. Once the failover from the primary control unit to the backup control unit is complete, the backup control unit synchronizes sequence numbers associated with the network tunnel with sequence numbers of the non-failed network device, and resolves inconsistencies between subscriber session databases of the backup control unit and the non-failed network device. |
| US07808886B2 |
Pilot signal in an FDMA communication system
Methods (500, 800) and corresponding systems (100, 200, 300, 400, 900) for generating a pilot symbol (330) include providing an M-point parallel transform sequence that is a discrete Fourier transform of a CAZAC sequence (312, 504-508). The M-point parallel transform sequence (312) is distributed (316, 510) to a set of M subcarriers among N subcarriers to form an N-point frequency-domain sequence (318) wherein the M subcarriers are evenly spaced apart. An N-point inverse fast Fourier transform (320, 512) is performed to convert the N-point frequency-domain sequence to an N-point time-domain sequence (322). The N-point time-domain sequence is converted (324, 514) to a serial sequence (326), and a cyclic prefix is added (328, 516) to the serial sequence to form a pilot symbol (330). |
| US07808877B2 |
Optical recording device and optical recording method
An optical recording device includes a light source, a light-converging optical system, a moving unit, detection unit, and an acquisition unit. In the optical recording device, interference fringes from a recording light are shift multi-recorded as a plurality of pages of holograms within each of a plurality of planes corresponding to a plurality of convergence positions based on light exposure amount of each page, acquired by the acquisition unit, for each of the convergence positions. |
| US07808876B2 |
Hologram recording/reconstructing apparatus
A hologram recording/reconstructing apparatus includes a spatial modulator in which a reference beam region and a reconstruction beam region are formed, and a controller configured to control a range of the reference beam region and a range of the reconstruction beam region. According to a temperature of a hologram recording medium during recording, the controller sets the range of the reference beam region to a first predetermined range and thereby sets a range of an incident angle of a reference beam on the hologram recording medium to a first predetermined angle range. According to a temperature of the hologram recording medium during reconstruction of recorded data, the controller sets the range of the reconstruction beam region to a second predetermined range and thereby sets a range of an incident angle of a reconstruction beam on the hologram recording medium to a second predetermined angle range. |
| US07808874B2 |
Optical information reproducing method
An optical information reproducing method of reproducing multivalued information recorded on a track of an optical information medium having a recording/reproducing region, which has virtual cells arranged thereon at regular spacings, the multivalued information being recorded thereon by changing a length of an information pit in a track direction or an area of the information pit in a cell with the use of a light spot, and the multivalued information being reproduced by detecting the level of a multistage reproduced signal from the information pit. The method includes detecting a cell center value of the central cell among three continuous cells recorded with an M-value (M |
| US07808870B2 |
Optical disk recording/reproducing device and disk determination method for optical disk recording/reproduction device
An optical disk recording/reproduction device and a disk determination method for an optical disk recording/reproduction device. The disk determination method compares with a threshold value a drive value when the arrival of a focus point at a recording surface is detected during a focus search relative to an optical disk (301) or a drive value during an on-focus state. By this, two or more kinds of optical disks having different substrate thicknesses are determined. The threshold value is determined based on a drive value during an on-focus state when one or more kinds of disks out of the two or more kinds of optical disks become reproducible. |
| US07808860B2 |
Analog radio-controlled timepiece
To make such that, in a case displaying the fact that a time code could not be normally received in an analog radio-controlled timepiece, by a simple constitution there is performed a display having no sense of discomfort for a user. In a case where there could not be normally received in a time code reception operation in the last time, a second hand is normally moved by 1 second. In a case where there failed in a reception, after the second hand was normally moved till a 55-second position, the second hand is stopped at the 55-second position till a second time instant becomes 59 seconds. When it became 59 seconds, by fast-forwarding the second hand till an exact second position, the fact that the time code could not be normally received is displayed by the display having no sense of discomfort for the user without using an exclusive display means, and the like. |
| US07808858B2 |
Method and circuit for driving word line of memory cell
A method and circuit are provided for driving a word line. The word line driving circuit includes first and second power drivers, a switching unit and a word line driver. The first power driver is driven to a boosting voltage level and the second power driver is driven to an internal power voltage level. The switching unit transfers a first output of the first power driver to the word line driver in response to a first switching signal and transfers a second output of the second power driver to the word line driver in response to a second switching signal. The word line driver alternately drives a word line to the first output and the second output transferred from the switching unit in response to a word line driving signal. |
| US07808854B2 |
Systems and methods for data transfers between memory cells
Systems and methods for reducing the latency of data transfers between memory cells by enabling data to be transferred directly between sense amplifiers in the memory system. In one embodiment, a memory system uses a conventional DRAM memory structure having a pair of first-level sense amplifiers, a second-level sense amplifier and control logic for the sense amplifiers. Each of the sense amplifiers is configured to be selectively coupled to a data line. In a direct data transfer mode, the control logic generates control signals that cause the sense amplifiers to transfer data from a first one of the first-level sense amplifiers (a source sense amplifier) to the second-level sense amplifier, and from there to a second one of the first-level sense amplifiers (a destination sense amplifier.) The structure of these sense amplifiers is conventional, and the operation of the system is enabled by modified control logic. |
| US07808853B2 |
Semiconductor memory device and method with a changeable substrate potential
A semiconductor memory device and method with a changeable substrate potential. One embodiment provides for operating a semiconductor memory device having at least one read or write/sense amplifier. The method includes changing the substrate potential of the read or write/sense amplifier. |
| US07808852B2 |
Semiconductor memory device and layout method thereof
Example embodiments relate to a semiconductor memory device, for example, a semiconductor memory device including an efficient layout circuit and method thereof. The method may include sharing a first active area between a first precharger and a second precharger and sharing a second active area between a third precharger and a fourth precharger. The semiconductor memory device may include a level shifter configured to receive a first precharge control signal and boost a logic high level of the first precharge control signal to an external power supply voltage level to output a boosted first precharge control signal. The semiconductor memory device may further include first, second, third and fourth prechargers. The first and third prechargers may be configured to precharge data signals transmitted to a first and second pair of local input/output data lines to the first precharge voltage in response to the boosted first precharge control signal during a data read operation. |
| US07808845B2 |
Methods and systems to write to soft error upset tolerant latches
Methods and systems to write to redundant storage latches, or storage cells, including soft error upset tolerant latches and feedback-interlocked redundant storage cells, including to write a logic value to one of a plurality of same sense storage nodes, and to write a complementary logic value to a selected one of a plurality of opposite sense storage nodes responsive to the logic value. Remaining storage nodes may be written to through circuitry within the storage cell. Logic values may be output substantially simultaneously with corresponding write operations. A system may include a multiple logic level write circuit to write to the first same sense storage node, and first and second single logic level write circuits to write to the first and second opposite sense storage nodes, respectively. |
| US07808841B2 |
Data output circuit for semiconductor memory apparatus
A data output circuit for a semiconductor memory apparatus includes a driver control signal generating unit that has a plurality of control signal generating units, each of which generates a driver unit control signal in response to a test signal during a test, and generates the driver unit control signal according to whether or not a fuse is cut after the test is completed, a first driver that has a plurality of driver units, each of which is activated in response to the driver unit control signal to drive a first data signal as an input signal and to output the driven first data signal to an output node, a signal combining unit that generates a first driver control signal in response to the driver unit control signal and an enable signal, and a second driver that has a plurality of driver units, each of which is activated in response to the first driver control signal to drive a second data signal as an input signal and to output the driven second data signal to the output node, and the number of driver units being two or more times as much as the number of driver units in the first driver. A voltage level on the output node is the voltage level of an output signal. |
| US07808834B1 |
Incremental memory refresh
A memory system comprises charge storage cells and a refresh control module. The charge storage cells have a charge level decay that is based on lifetime erase operations performed on the charge storage cells. The refresh control module increases charge levels of the charge storage cells to offset the charge level decay without first erasing the charge storage cells. A method of controlling a memory system comprises determining charge level decay of charge storage cells having charge level decay characteristics that are based on lifetime erase operations performed on the charge storage cells; and increasing charge levels of the charge storage cells to offset the charge level decay without first erasing the charge storage cells. |
| US07808833B2 |
Method of operating an integrated circuit, integrated circuit and method to determine an operating point
Embodiments of the present invention relate to a method to operate an integrated circuit that includes a memory. The memory encompasses a first and a second threshold level. The invention further relates to integrated circuits including a memory with a first and a second threshold level and a method to determine an operating point of an integrated circuit. |
| US07808830B2 |
Semiconductor device and method for adjusting reference levels of reference cells
A semiconductor device includes a first reference cell used for programming or reading non-volatile memory cells, and an adjustment circuit adjusting a first reference level of the first reference cell when the first reference level is changed. |
| US07808829B2 |
Flash memory device capable of overcoming fast program/slow erase phenomenon and erase method thereof
An erase operating time can be shortened and an erase operating characteristic can be improved in a flash memory device. The flash memory device includes a plurality of memory cell blocks, an operating voltage generator and a controller. Each of the plurality of memory cell blocks includes memory cells connected to a plurality of word lines. A voltage generator is configured to apply an erase voltage to a memory cell block selected for an erase operation, and change a level of the erase voltage if an attempt of the erase operation is not successful. A controller is configured to control the voltage generator to apply a first erase voltage to a memory cell block selected for an erase operation. The first erase voltage corresponds to a previous erase voltage that was used successfully in completing a previous erase operation. The first erase voltage is an erase voltage that is used in a first erase attempt for the erase operation. |
| US07808820B2 |
Parallel programming of multiple-bit-per-cell memory cells by controlling program pulsewidth and programming voltage
Write operations that simultaneously program multiple memory cells on the same word line in an MBPC Flash memory employ word line voltage variation, programming pulse width variation, and data-dependent bit line and/or source line biasing to achieve uniform programming accuracy across a range of target threshold voltages. A first type of write operation reaches different target threshold voltages during different time intervals, but uses word line signals that optimize threshold voltage resolution regardless of the target threshold voltage. A second type uses bit line and/or source line biases that depend on the multi-bit data values being written so that different memory cells reach different target threshold voltage at about the same time. Source line biasing can also reduce bit line leakage current through unselected memory cells during read or verify operations. A memory includes divided source lines that permit separate data-dependent source biasing. During or at the end of write operations, remedial programming sequences can adjust the threshold voltages of memory cells that program slowly. |
| US07808819B2 |
Method for adaptive setting of state voltage levels in non-volatile memory
A method in which non-volatile memory device is accessed using voltages which are customized to the device, and/or to portions of the device, such as blocks or word lines of non-volatile storage elements. The accessing can include programming, verifying or reading. By customizing the voltages, performance can be optimized, including addressing changes in threshold voltage which are caused by program disturb. In one approach, different sets of storage elements in a memory device are programmed with random test data. A threshold voltage distribution is determined for the different sets of storage elements. A set of voltages is determined based on the threshold voltage distribution, and stored in a non-volatile storage location for subsequent use in accessing the different sets of storage elements. The set of voltages may be determined at the time of manufacture for subsequent use in accessing data by the end user. |
| US07808815B2 |
Variable resistance memory device and method of manufacturing the same
A variable resistance memory device includes a substrate, a plurality of active lines formed on the substrate, are uniformly separated, and extend in a first direction, a plurality of switching devices formed on the active lines and are separated from one another, a plurality of variable resistance devices respectively formed on and connected to the switching devices, a plurality of local bit lines formed on the variable resistance devices, are uniformly separated, extend in a second direction, and are connected to the variable resistance devices, a plurality of local word lines formed on the local bit lines, are uniformly separated, and extend in the first direction, a plurality of global bit lines formed on the local word lines, are uniformly separated, and extend in the second direction, and a plurality of global word lines formed on the global bit lines, are uniformly separated, and extend in the first direction. |
| US07808806B2 |
Semiconductor apparatus having a large-size bus connection
In a semiconductor apparatus of the present invention, a plurality of circuit components are provided. A first bus interconnects the circuit components. A second bus interconnects the circuit components. A switching unit outputs a select signal that causes each circuit component to select one of the first bus and the second bus when transmitting a signal from one of the circuit components to another. The second bus has a size larger than a size of the first bus. |
| US07808804B2 |
Power line layout
A power line layout for a semiconductor device includes a memory cell region, a plurality of wordline enable signal lines in the memory cell region, a plurality of first power lines arranged between the wordline enable signal lines in the memory cell region, and a plurality of second power lines arranged perpendicular to the first power lines in the memory cell region to form a mesh arrangement of first and second power lines. |
| US07808802B2 |
Isolated switched-mode power supply with output regulation from primary side
Embodiments disclosed herein describe an isolated switched-mode power supply with its output regulated from the primary side, by generating a sensing current using a sensing element coupled to the output of the power supply, and measuring a scaled version of the sensing current which depends on the output voltage, and calculating an estimate voltage representing the output voltage, and regulating the output of the isolated switched-mode power supply based on the estimate voltage. |
| US07808801B2 |
Mounting apparatus for expansion card
A mounting apparatus is provided for mounting expansion cards. The mounting apparatus includes a rear panel, a retainer, and a clip. The rear panel has a support wall for supporting the bent portion of the cover plate, the rear panel defining an opening for facilitating installing or removing the expansion card. The retainer has a pressing plate pivotally coupled to the support wall. The clip has a resilient member for securing the retainer to the rear panel. The retainer has a fixing member for clasping the bent portion of the cover plate when the retainer is rotated to a first position and unclasping the bent portion of the cover plate if the retainer is rotated to a second position. |
| US07808798B2 |
Versatile Si-based packaging with integrated passive components for mmWave applications
An apparatus is described incorporating an interposer having a cavity for a portion of an antenna structure, having conductor through vias, a top Si part having interconnection wiring and having pads for electrically mounting an integrated circuit chip thereon, wherein the top Si part mates with the interposer electrically and mechanically. The interposer and top Si part may be scaled to provide an array of functional units. The invention overcomes the problem of combining a high efficient antenna with integrated circuit chips in a Si package with signal frequencies from 1 to 100 GHz and the problem of shielding components proximate to the antenna and reduces strain arising from mismatching of TCEs. |
| US07808795B2 |
Positioning assembly between computer-related assembly and hub
A positioning assembly between a computer-related assembly and a hub at a rear side of the computer-related assembly has a support arm connected between the computer-related assembly and the hub for receiving conductive wires; a positioning device at one surface of the computer-related assembly for combining the hub; two sliding tracks at two opposite lateral side of the computer-related assembly; the sliding track and sliding track being supported by four supporting posts which are formed as a supporting frame; the computer-related assembly being movable along the tracks from an outer side to an inner side; by the positioning device, the computer-related assembly being combinable with the hub. If an external force is applied to the computer-related assembly, the positioning device will release from the computer-related assembly. |
| US07808793B2 |
Console device and rack-mount system
A console apparatus includes a console portion, which is detachably provided and with which a server apparatus can be operated, and further includes a tray portion that is attached on a rack chassis for the server apparatus and is electrically coupled to the server apparatus. |
| US07808792B2 |
Single fan tray in a midplane architecture
A chassis may include a front section that contains a first electronic circuit board oriented in a first plane, a rear section that contains a second electronic circuit board oriented in a second plane, where the first plane and the second plane are substantially orthogonal, a midplane dividing the front and the rear sections, and a fan tray assembly including a plurality of fans to cool both the first electronic circuit board of the front section and the second electronic circuit board of the rear section. |
| US07808790B2 |
Fastening apparatus
A fastening apparatus for fastening a first device to a second device is disclosed. The apparatus comprises a standoff member disposed through a through hole of the first device; a clamp member having a clamp portion for clamping the standoff member; a sleeve member having a hollow body and enclosing the clamp member, wherein the clamp member is compressed in the hollow body; a resilient member wrapping around the sleeve member; a rotatable cam member pivotly coupled to the clamp member; and a cap member arranged between the rotatable cam member and the resilient member, wherein the rotatable cam member is rotated to a first location to compress the resilient member for causing a first preload force exerted on the second device. |
| US07808789B2 |
Structure and method to form a heat sink
The present invention relates generally to heat removal from circuit board components and, more specifically, to improved thermal management for circuit board components mounted on electrical wiring boards. The structure comprises a heat sink; and an auxiliary heat sink positioned in thermal contact with the heat sink and a circuit board component on a wiring board, the auxiliary heat sink having a plurality of slots located in a central portion of the auxiliary heat sink, wherein the auxiliary heat sink is both mechanically compliant and thermally conductive with both the heat sink and the circuit board component. |
| US07808785B2 |
Semiconductor module
A semiconductor module has a housing, including a power semiconductor, a cooler bearing against the latter and serving for dissipating heat loss. In at least one embodiment, a spring element, which is supported between housing and cooler, is arranged on the side of the cooler remote from the power semiconductor and prestresses the cooler against the power semiconductor. |
| US07808782B2 |
Support device for heat dissipation module
A support device for heat dissipation module provides a frame with four corners thereof extending outward a support part respectively. A mounting opening is disposed at the central area of the frame with two opposite side of the mounting opening having a projection plate respectively. A facial side of the projection plate is provided with fitting pins to fit with a guide heat plate and covering the mounting opening without help of welding. Therefore, thinner guide heat plate can be used for simplifying manufacturing process and lowering production cost. |
| US07808777B2 |
Hard disk case
A hard disk case for installation in a computer case includes a support frame for installation of a hard disk drive, a base mounted to the support frame, and a handle. The handle has a pivoting end pivotally connected with the base, a first protrusion insertable in an insertion portion of the computer case and pushable against a periphery wall of the insertion portion for enabling engagement of the hard disk drive with the computer case, and a second protrusion spaced from the first protrusion and pushable against a stopping portion of the computer case for enabling disengagement of the hard disk drive from the computer case. As a result, the hard disk case of the present invention is convenient in assembly and disassembly works. |
| US07808769B2 |
Dielectric device and method of manufacturing the same
A dielectric device has a first conductor and a dielectric disposed thereon. An intermediate region is formed between the first conductor and dielectric. In the intermediate region, an additive different from the first conductor and dielectric and the dielectric are mixed with each other. The additive contains at least one element of Si, Al, P, Mg, Mn, Y, V, Mo, Co, Nb, Fe, and Cr. |
| US07808767B2 |
Control unit
A control unit includes an input terminal and an output terminal for a signal to be controlled, a control input terminal and a control output terminal for a control signal, variable capacitors connected in a bridge configuration between the input terminal and control input terminal, between the input terminal and control output terminal, between the control input terminal and output terminal, and between the control output terminal and output terminal, capacitances thereof being changed by the control signal, and a differential signal-controlled power source in which the control signal is applied across the control input terminal and control output terminal in a differential mode with a pair of signals having the same absolute value and mutually opposing polarities. Voltage or current of the signal to be controlled is controlled by the control signal changing the capacitances of the variable capacitors in the bridge configuration. |
| US07808766B2 |
Device with optimised capacitive volume
A capacitive device comprising at least one first and one second comb, respectively provided with interdigital fingers, adapted to be mobile relative to each other depending on the closing-spacing apart of the axes of the fingers, at least one finger of the first comb including a face opposite a face of a finger of the second comb wherein the axis of the finger of the first comb and the axis of the finger of the second comb are inclined relative to a plane orthogonal to the first direction of displacement of the combs, the plane being defined by the second and third directions perpendicular to the direction, and perpendicular to each other. |
| US07808765B2 |
Varactors including interconnect layers
In an embodiment of the present invention is provided a varactor comprising a substrate, a bottom electrode positioned on a surface of the substrate, a tunable dielectric material positioned adjacent to and extending over the bottom electrode forming a step and in contact with a top electrode, and an interconnect layer in contact with the bottom electrode, the tunable dielectric and the top electrode. |
| US07808764B2 |
System and method for avoiding contact stiction in micro-electromechanical system based switch
A system that includes micro-electromechanical system switching circuitry, such as may be made up of a plurality of micro-electromechanical switches, is provided. The plurality of micro-electromechanical switches may generally operate in a closed switching condition during system operation. A controller is coupled to the electromechanical switching circuitry. The controller may be configured to actuate at least one of the micro-electromechanical switches to a temporary open switching condition while a remainder of micro-electromechanical switches remains in the closed switching condition to conduct a load current and avoid interrupting system operation. The temporary open switching condition of the switch is useful to avoid a tendency of switch contacts to stick to one another. |
| US07808763B2 |
Adjustable speed drive protection
A protection scheme to protect pulse width modulated drives is described. The scheme is implantable in both hardware and software and combinations thereof. The semiconductor devices of the drive are protected from transient signals such as power line spikes and loss of line. The present scheme uses an adaptive technique to determine the normal or steady state distortion (transients and harmonics) value in an unfiltered power signal. The present distortion value is compared to the normal distortion. If the present distortion exceeds the steady state value by a given amount, then the drive is placed in freewheel mode to protect the semiconductor devices in the drive. |
| US07808762B2 |
Semiconductor device performing overheat protection efficiently
A semiconductor device includes a constant voltage circuit configured to convert an input voltage to a predetermined voltage by controlling an output transistor, and an overheat protection circuit configured to restrict output current of the constant voltage circuit according to temperature of the semiconductor device. The overheat protection circuit includes a diode to detect the temperature of the semiconductor device and a resistor connected in series with the diode. |
| US07808760B2 |
Electrical fire prevention from over-temperature conditions
An electrical device including a heat sensing circuit interrupter to enable a load to be selectively coupled to or disconnected from a power source in accordance with a level of a sensed temperature includes a relay assembly operable between a closed state when the sensed temperature is below a predetermined limit temperature, thereby enabling the coupling of the load to the power source, and an open state when the sensed temperature is above the predetermined limit temperature, thereby electrically disconnecting the load from the power source. The device further includes a sensor assembly including a light source operatively associated with a light sensor. The light sensor is configured to be sensitive to specific levels of the sensed temperature and the light source is configured to emit light along a plurality of optical paths at any one of a plurality of wavelengths sensitive to temperature. The light sensor is further configured to sense temperature at any one of a plurality of operating points on the electrical device and trigger the relay assembly between the closed state and the open state. |
| US07808758B2 |
Combination current sensor and relay
A protection device for monitoring current in a power cable to an electrical device and for controlling a remotely located starter for the electrical device in response to a system controller. The device includes a transformer magnetically linked with the power cable to produce a voltage signal in response to the presence of a changing current within the power cable. An input circuit located in a single housing together with the transformer is electrically connected to the transformer so as to receive the voltage signal. The input circuit produces, in response to the voltage signal, either a first signal or a first circuit condition at the output terminal of the input circuit, representative of the changing current in the power cable. A switch circuit also in the same container with the transformer has a terminal for sensing either a second signal or a second circuit condition of the remotely located system controller. The switch circuit has a second terminal to provide either a third signal or a third circuit condition effective to control the starter, in response to sensing one of the second signal and the second circuit condition. All of the transformer, the input circuit, and the switch circuit are located in a single unitary package which is easily mounted and adjusted to a desired position. |
| US07808757B2 |
Power switching apparatus with overload protection
Power supply apparatus with overload protection comprising a switch responsive to an input signal for switching between an ON-state for supplying current from a source of power to a load and an OFF-state for interrupting the supply of current to the load, and protection means responsive to an overload condition to switch the switch to the OFF-state. The protection means is responsive to a first overload condition during an initial phase after the switch switches to the ON-state so as to switch the switch back to the OFF-state and maintain the switch in the OFF-state. The protection means is subsequently responsive to a second overload condition if the first overload condition is not detected during the initial phase so as to switch the switch to the OFF-state and subsequently switch the switch back to the ON-state after an interval of time.The protection means is responsive to the current exceeding a first threshold value in detecting the first overload condition, and is responsive to the current exceeding a second threshold value in detecting the second overload condition, the second threshold value being lower than the first threshold value. The protection means is responsive to a temperature of the switch means exceeding a temperature threshold value in detecting at least the first overload condition. |
| US07808756B2 |
Circuit and method for short circuit protection
The present invention discloses a short circuit protection circuit comprising: a first input terminal; a second input terminal; an output terminal; at least two transistors including a first and a second transistors connected in series with each other and electrically connected between the first input terminal and the output terminal; and a voltage source circuit electrically connected with the first input terminal, the second input terminal, the output terminal, and the gates of the first and second transistors. |
| US07808751B2 |
Differential electrical surge protection within a LAN magnetics interface circuit
A magnetic interface circuit for interfacing between the line side and the circuit side of a communication channel, such as an Ethernet port, includes a transformer having a primary winding connected to the line side of the channel and a secondary winding connected to the circuit side of the channel. The primary winding is fortified to provide differential mode electrical surge protection on the line side. The transformer design having parasitic L, C and R and, saturation during the surge event, acting to suppress the coupling of the electrical surge to the secondary winding. A voltage limiting device is connected in the circuit side of the channel to limit any voltage surges on the circuit side to a safe level. A pair of voltage limiting devices connected in series with the connection therebetween connected to ground may be used to also provide common mode surge protection. |
| US07808747B2 |
Magnetoresistive effect element, magnetic head and magnetic recording/reproducing apparatus
A magnetoresistive effect element includes a fixed magnetization layer; a free magnetization layer; a nonmagnetic spacer layer between the fixed magnetization layer and the free magnetization layer; and an insertion layer disposed on an opposite side of the free magnetization layer from the nonmagnetic spacer layer, wherein the first insulating layer has an oxide, a nitride, or an oxynitride including at least one kind of element selected from a group constituted of Al (aluminum), Si (silicon), Mg (magnesium), Ta (tantalum) and Zn (zinc) as a major constituent, and the insertion layer has an oxide, a nitride, or an oxynitride including at least one kind of element selected from a group constituted of Al (aluminum), Si (silicon), Mg (magnesium), Ta (tantalum) and Zn (zinc) as a major constituent. |
| US07808746B2 |
Method and apparatus for active control of spacing between a head and a storage medium
A slider having a slider body is provided. An electrical connection is coupled to the slider body. A first actuator is coupled to the electrical connection and adapted to displace a first portion of the slider body. Additionally, a second heater is coupled to the electrical connection and adapted to displace a second portion of the slider body. |
| US07808742B2 |
Thin-film magnetic head comprising shield/magnetic-pole layer having surface without right nor sharp angle
Provided is a thin-film magnetic head in which the concentration of magnetic flux in the shield layer and the magnetic pole layer is suppressed. The thin-film magnetic head comprises a plurality of magnetic layers that have front surfaces reaching a head end surface on the ABS side. Further in this head, at least one of the plurality of magnetic layers has a shape in which: each of edges corresponding to both side surfaces extends so as to spread obliquely rearward with each other from an end of a straight edge in a track width direction corresponding to the front surface; and the front surface reaching the head end surface has a shape in which upper and lower corner portions in each of both end portions in the track width direction form obtuse angles or rounded shapes. |
| US07808739B2 |
Disk drive device and servo control method thereof
Embodiments of the present invention help to perform appropriate servo control in response to detected vibration in a disk drive device having a vibration sensor. In an embodiment of the present invention, an HDD switches a correction servo mode to perform vibration correction in head positioning and a normal servo mode not to perform the vibration correction. The HDD performs servo positioning in either one of the serve modes and determines servo positioning accuracy in the servo mode from the measured positional error signal. The HDD obtains data indicating the servo positioning accuracy in the other servo mode from a table. The HDD compares the accuracy in the two servo modes and selects the servo mode with higher accuracy. The table contains previous measurements on servo positioning accuracy in the servo modes. |
| US07808737B2 |
Magnetic disk drive
Embodiments of the present invention provide a magnetic disk drive capable of controlling write/read positions by a method that takes the disturbance in the circumferential direction of a magnetic disk into consideration, thereby making it possible to improve the positioning accuracy. A magnetic disk drive in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention comprises: a magnetic recording medium on which information is written to each track thereof, the recording medium having a servo signal formed in the each track at specified intervals; a magnetic head including a read head for reading a signal from the magnetic recording medium, and a write head for writing information to the magnetic recording medium. At the time of writing/reading information by the magnetic head, a servo signal is detected from among signals read out by the read head. Information about intervals of the detection is continuously acquired on the basis of the information about the servo-signal detection intervals that have been continuously acquired. The amount of rotational fluctuations of a magnetic disk is calculated; and if the amount of rotational fluctuations exceeds the predetermined allowable range, specified processing relating to at least one of writing and reading is stopped. |
| US07808736B2 |
Servo signal recording apparatus, servo signal recording method, and magnetic tape
A servo signal recording apparatus and servo-signal recording method for recording a servo signal on a magnetic tape that includes a magnetic layer having a data area capable of storing data and a servo area capable of storing a servo signal, the apparatus including a transportation unit for transporting the magnetic tape; a direct current (DC) erasing unit on a downstream side in a magnetic tape transportation direction that performs DC erasure to a surface layer portion of the magnetic layer by magnetization in a longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape; and a servo signal recording unit on a downstream side of the DC erasing unit in the magnetic tape transportation direction, that rubs against the magnetic layer of the magnetic tape, and records a servo signal in the servo area by magnetization in a direction opposite to a direction of the magnetization of the DC erasing unit. |
| US07808733B2 |
Method and apparatus for transmitting and receiving digital video and audio information
A method and apparatus for transmitting and receiving digital information including video information and audio information. The video information is compressed by a first compression method and the audio information is compressed by a different second compression method for transmission on a transmission path. |
| US07808730B2 |
Lens assembly with actuating means and auto-focus controlling apparatus having the same
A lens assembly has a driving actuator which includes a magnet, a yoke and a coil and is formed along a lens barrel that accommodates a lens unit for focusing and an auto-focus controlling apparatus comprises the lens assembly for camera module. The magnet or the coil has an internal diameter smaller than a maximal diameter of the lens barrel. Therefore, it is possible to manufacture much smaller lens assembly according to the present invention compared to the conventional ones and to reduce the possibility of component damages in the lens assembly in operating the camera module. |
| US07808729B2 |
Driving device
A driving device includes a piezoelectric element that expands and contracts by the application of voltage, a driving shaft fixed to one end of the piezoelectric element in a direction of the optical axis, a lens holder fixed to the other end of the piezoelectric element in the direction of the optical axis, a friction portion frictionally engaged with the driving shaft, and a base that supports the driving shaft such that the driving shaft is capable of moving along the optical axis. The friction portion includes a receiving portion and a leaf spring that are arranged in a manner such that the driving shaft extending along the optical axis is clamped therebetween in the radial direction. |
| US07808726B2 |
Image capture lens and image capture apparatus
An image capture lens includes: when changed from infinity to close focusing, a first lens group moving from an image to an object with positive refractive power; and a second lens group fixed relatively to the image with negative refractive power, wherein the first lens group includes a negative first lens having a strong concave surface facing the image, the second lens group includes one negative lens having a strong concave surface facing the image or a negative cemented lens including positive and negative lenses, and conditional expressions; 0.7 |
| US07808725B2 |
Taking optical system
The invention relates to an eyepiece-connected taking optical system well fit for TV camera heads using a small-format imaging device. The taking optical system comprises a field direction turning member 1P, 2P, a positive first group and a negative second group. The first group comprises a positive cemented lens convex on its object side, a positive single lens convex on its object side and a positive cemented lens convex on its object side, and the second group comprises a negative single lens. Focus adjustment is implemented by changing a spacing t2 between the first group and the second group. The taking optical system satisfies condition (1) for defining the position of the front focus with respect to the taking lens, condition (2) for defining the refracting power of each lens group, condition (3) for defining the imaging magnification of the second group, and condition (4) for defining the profile of refracting power in the first group. |
| US07808722B2 |
System and method for inducing far field transparency with negative index materials
A lens system with a lens formed of a material having a negative index of refraction in an operational frequency range, a first surface of the material having a convex hyperbolic curvature, and a second surface of the material having a concave circular curvature. A lens system can include two of these lenses, arranged with the concave circular surfaces facing each other. Far field radiation arriving at the hyperbolic surface of the the first lens is refracted by the lens material toward the circular surface, out of the first lens in a direction parallel to the original radiation direction, and into the circular surface of the second lens, where it is refracted toward the hyperbolic surface of the second lens, and exits the second lens in a direction parallel to the original direction. The lens material can have a tunable or fixed negative refractive index and/or resonant frequency. |
| US07808719B2 |
Zoom lens system, interchangeable lens apparatus and camera system
A zoom lens system is provided that includes a compactly constructed focusing lens unit and that has a suppressed change in the image magnification at the time of movement of a focusing lens unit. The zoom lens system according to the present invention, in order from an object side to an image side, comprises: a first lens unit having positive optical power; a second lens unit having negative optical power; and at least three subsequent lens units, wherein the at least three subsequent lens units, in order from an object side to an image side, include: a lens unit A having positive optical power; a lens unit B having positive optical power and arranged on the image side relative to the lens unit A; and a lens unit C having negative optical power and arranged on the image side relative to the lens unit A, the lens unit C being located on the most image side, at the time of zooming, all lens units move in a direction along the optical axis so that intervals between the lens units vary, and at the time of focusing, the lens unit B moves in a direction along the optical axis. |
| US07808717B2 |
Apparatus for forming variable fluid meniscus configurations
Apparatus for providing a fluid meniscus with variable configurations by means of electrowetting. A fluid chamber (5) holds two different fluids (A, B) separated by a meniscus (14) of which the edge, having different sides, is constrained by the fluid chamber. A first electrowetting electrode (2a) is arranged to act on a first side of the meniscus edge and a second electrowetting electrode (2a′) is arranged to act separately on a second side of the meniscus edge. Selected meniscus configurations can be formed by providing selected voltages to the first and second electrowetting electrodes respectively. |
| US07808715B2 |
Michelson-interferometer-based delay-line interferometers
An interferometer includes a means for splitting, at a splitting location, an input light beam into a first beam and a second beam; and means for recombining, at a recombination location, the first beam and the second beam. The interferometer is designed such that the first beam will travel a first optical path length (OPL) from the splitting location to the recombination location, and the second beam will travel a second OPL from the splitting location to the recombination location and such that when the input light beam has bean modulated at a data rate comprising a time interval, then the difference in optical path lengths between the first OPL and the second OPL is about equal to the time interval multiplied by the speed of light. |
| US07808707B2 |
Process for producing a transparent optical element, optical component involved in this process and optical element thus obtained
To produce a transparent optical element, the process starts with the production of an optical component having at least one transparent array of cells that are juxtaposed parallel to one surface of the component, each cell being hermetically sealed and containing a substance having an optical property. This optical component is then cut along a defined contour on its surface, corresponding to a predetermined shape of the optical element. Preferably, the array of cells constitutes a layer having a height of less than 100 μm perpendicular to the surface of the component. |
| US07808706B2 |
Light management films for displays
Microlens arrays include a substrate, an array of microlenses on a first side of the substrate and an aperture mask on a second side of the substrate. The aperture mask includes an array of apertures at optical axes of the lenses. A second array of apertures may be included in the aperture mask at randomized positions therein. The randomized apertures may be provided in the aperture mask by providing a diffusive layer between the aperture mask and the substrate, and directing coherent radiation through the lens array, the diffusive layer and aperture mask. |
| US07808705B2 |
Wavelength-selective switch
A wavelength-selective switch with a switch unit having a lens array, a first lens and a beam expander, and a branching unit having a second lens, a diffraction grating, a third lens and a mirror, in which the switch unit and the branching unit are accommodated in independent casings, and a confocal point of the light transmitted through the first lens and the light transmitted through the second lens are arranged on a connecting surface of the casing of the switch unit and the casing of the branching unit. |
| US07808701B2 |
Microscope apparatus
Diffracted light generated by a diffraction grating passes through a tube lens, reflected by a reflection mirror and forms illuminating light in a strip pattern on the surface of a sample. Thus, fluorescence generated by an objective lens from the sample passes through the objective lens, the reflection mirror and a tube lens, and forms an image of the sample on the diffraction grating. When the diffraction grating is removed from an optical system and a dichroic mirror is arranged, in instead of the reflection mirror, fluorescence from the sample passes through the dichroic mirror, and forms an image of the sample on an imaging surface of an imaging device by an imaging lens. Thus, a microscope which can be used by being switched from a normal fluorescent microscope and uses the diffracted light is provided. |
| US07808700B2 |
Confocal microscope system
A confocal microscope system capable of observing a bright field image and a fluorescent image together with a confocal image can be achieved with a simple configuration. The confocal microscope system may include a confocal scanner unit having a microlens array disc and a pin hole array disc, for scanning a face of the observation sample by a plurality of beam spots, a relay lens connected to a camera for acquiring observed images; a microscope for holding the observation sample and illuminating an observation light for observing the bright field image and an excitation light for observing the fluorescent image on the observation sample, and having a port part for outputting the observation light acquired from the observation sample to the confocal scanner unit; and a detour light path unit selectively inserted between the port part of the microscope and the confocal scanner unit. |
| US07808695B2 |
Method and apparatus for low range bit depth enhancement for MEMS display architectures
A light modulator device includes a first electrical conduit, a second electrical conduit electrically isolated from the first conduit, a first display element, and a second display element. The first display element is in an actuated state when a voltage difference between the first conduit and the second conduit has a magnitude greater than a first actuation voltage and is in a released state when the voltage difference has a magnitude less than a first release voltage. The second display element is in an actuated state when the voltage difference has a magnitude greater than a second actuation voltage and is in a released state when the voltage difference has a magnitude less than a second release voltage. Either the actuation voltages are substantially equal and the release voltages are different, or the actuation voltages are different and the release voltages are substantially equal. |
| US07808692B2 |
Manufacturing of curved electrochromic devices
A method of manufacturing permanently curved electrochromic devices is presented. The method includes provision (210, 211) of two plane thermoplastic substrates at least partly coated by an electron conducting layer. The substrates are further at least partially coated (220, 221) with an electrochromic or a counter electrode layer. The coated substrates laminated (230) together with an adhesive electrolyte layer in the middle into an electrochromic laminate sheet. The electrochromic device is formed (240) by thermoforming the covered substrates into a permanent curvature, prior or after the further coating, prior to the laminating of the substrates or by thermoforming the electrochromic laminate sheet after the lamination. Once formed, the coated substrates or electrochromic device, respectively, permanently remains in its curved shape. Additional layer, such as bus bars and layers for chemically adaptation can be provided onto the substrates prior or after the thermoforming step. |
| US07808691B2 |
Green electrochromic materials
Green electrochromic (EC) materials based on thiophene, and a green EC material based on pyrazine are disclosed. A first thiophene derivative (2,3-Di-thiophen-2-yl-thieno[3,4-b]pyrazine), which was previously investigated as a nonlinear optical material, is here disclosed for its use as an EC material and for its incorporation into an EC device. Synthesis of two new thiophene derivatives (2,5-di(thien-2-yl)-3,4-di(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxy)-thiophene and 2,5-(2,3-dihydro-thieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxin-5-yl)-3,4-di(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxy)-thiophene), and a new pyrazine derivative (2,3-dibenzyl-5,7-di(thien-2-yl)thieno[3,4-b]pyrazine) are also disclosed, since these materials are all able to selectively change state to appear a green color and can be polymerized to achieve a green EC polymer. |
| US07808690B2 |
Electro optical device and electronic apparatus
An electro optical device having a substrate, scanning lines, data lines, and pixel electrodes arranged to correspond to intersections of scanning and data lines, a counter electrode opposite the substrate from a pixel electrode, an emission layer between the pixel electrode and the counter electrode, a driving transistor connected to the pixel electrode, a driving circuit for supplying a signal to at least one of the scanning lines and data lines, a potential supply line for the driving circuit, an insulating film between the driving transistor and the counter electrode, the insulating film in a first area on the substrate, and a planarizing layer covering the counter electrode, wherein the potential supply line extends along an edge of the substrate in a second area, and the planarizing layer covers the insulating film and overlaps with at least a part of the potential supply line in the second area. |
| US07808689B2 |
Image forming apparatus, and scanning optical unit and optical element used for the apparatus
In an image forming apparatus in which light fluxes emitted from at least two light sources are brought close to one another to be allowed to enter the rotating reflector 35 to be allowed to scan the photoreceptor 39, the cylindrical lens presser spring 12 provided on the cylindrical lens supporting member 10 is positioned such that the lens presser spring 12 pushes the cylindrical lens at a position so that the light fluxes enter the cylindrical lens at ranges extending toward both strides from the lens presser spring 12. |
| US07808688B2 |
Apparatus and method of capturing images from alternative media types
A method and apparatus to permit digital capture of images from both transmissive and reflective media. A laser or other source of excitation radiation is coupled to a mounting surface to be in optical communication with a reading window when installed on a scanner. A rear casing is coupled to the monitoring surface to engage a housing of a scanner, the housing defining the reading window. |
| US07808686B2 |
Picture editor
It is intended to provide a picture editor which displays the color pictorial data matching designated pictorial information, according to pictorial information code of the analyzed color pictorial data of a plurality of color pictures added to the color pictorial data, picks out and displays the color pictorial data matching designated pictorial information. For this purpose, the information code of each pictorial information on brightness, saturation, and hue of the color pictorial data, which is analyzed, digitized, and averaged in a pictorial data analyzing unit, is added to the color pictorial data in a retrieval information adding unit. According to the color pictorial data to which the information code is added, a retrieving unit picks out the color pictorial data matching designated pictorial information. A video monitor displays the retrieved color pictorial data. |
| US07808685B2 |
Method and system for printing a print job using a memory device
A method of printing a print job includes storing print job data on a non-volatile memory device that includes a connector for connection to a port of a printer. |
| US07808682B2 |
Image scanning system
An image scanning system comprises: an image-capturing device that captures an image of a scan original and outputs image signals; an image processing circuit that executes image processing on the image signals; an image signal output device that outputs the image signals having undergone the image processing; a calculation device that calculates an estimated length of required time to complete image signal output after a scan instruction with regard to the scan original is issued; and a calculation result output device that outputs calculation results obtained at the calculation device. |
| US07808681B2 |
Portable photocopy apparatus and method of use
An apparatus and methods for copying documents, especially to a personal, portable and foldable document copier that can identify the presence of a new document such as a book, a page, a business card, an ID card, a passport and the like documents, adapt to its size, automatically synchronize with text line orientation if present, take an image and transfer it to a coupled computer. |
| US07808680B2 |
Image forming apparatus and control method thereof
An image forming apparatus including: a reflection member to reflect light at a first position spaced a predetermined distance from a scan glass; a moving unit to move the reflection member between the first position and a second position; and a control unit to generate initial reference data from an image signal transmitted from a scanning device to receive the light reflected by the reflection member. When the initial reference data is not suitable for shading correction, the control unit controls the moving unit to move the reflection member to the second position for reference data reacquisition. |
| US07808679B2 |
Printing system for operating marginless printing on roll paper
A printing system performing marginless printing. The system includes a host device operable to send image data, and a recording device performs marginless recording based on the image data received from the host device. The system includes a setting unit setting the width of the recording medium, a changing unit changing scaling ratio of the image data based on the width of the recording medium. Furthermore the system includes a recording unit recording the image on the recording medium based on the image data with the changed scaling ratio. An image is enlarged/reduced to the width of the roll paper sheet, thereby loss portions in the longitudinal direction are controlled to a minimum. |
| US07808677B2 |
Printer controller configured to perform a method of page expansion and printing
The invention provides for a printer having a controller configured to perform a method of page expansion and printing of image data received from a computer. The method includes the steps of receiving a page description from the computer, the page having a bi-level black layer and a continuous tone (“contone”) layer, and decompressing the respective layers in parallel. The method also includes the steps of halftoning the contone layer data to bi-level data, compositing the bi-level black layer over the bi-level data to form an image, and printing the composite image with a pagewidth printhead. |
| US07808674B2 |
Image stitching for a multi-head printer
Techniques are disclosed for stitching images printed by a multi-head printer in a manner that is relatively insensitive to misregistration of the image segments. When a pair of overlapping print heads print a pair of adjacent image segments which meet in a stitching region, printing at each location in the stitching region is accomplished by both print heads with a weighting that depends on the location being printed within the stitching region. In one embodiment, for example, the output of each print head is weighted by a linear function of horizontal pixel position. Techniques are also disclosed for selecting screening patterns for use when stitching is performed with variable-dot printers. Such screening patterns are selected to minimize variations in density that may arise as the result of cross-web and/or down-web misregistration. |
| US07808673B2 |
Method and system for sending notification of an issued draft
A system, method and computer readable medium for capturing check data during a print process is disclosed. The method on a computer system includes observing a print command issued by an application to send check information to a printer. Next, a spool file in a condensed format, such as Extended Metafile Format (EMF), is written to a disk in response to the print command. This spool file read, and subsequently an output file is generated based on information in the spool file. The output file is written in EMF format if the output file contains image information. If the output file does not contain image information, the output file is written in text format. Then, the output file is modified to conform to a template. Lastly, the output file that was modified is sent to an output destination, such as a file storage space, a bank or a printer. |
| US07808663B2 |
Apparatus, method and computer program product for processing document images of various sizes and orientations
The image forming apparatus receives image data based on multiple document images of various sizes and/or orientations. The apparatus identifies areas that are not yet assigned with document images on a single sheet of paper and identifies whether any document image can be laid out in an identified area. In another aspect of the apparatus, a maximum document image size is detected from multiple document images, and a scale factor is calculated to cause the detected maximum size match with the size of the entire area of the paper or an area obtained by dividing the paper into equal parts. In another aspect of the apparatus, a scaling factor is calculated for each document image to cause the size of the particular document match with the size of an area obtained by dividing the paper into equal parts. |
| US07808661B2 |
Print controlling program, process method, recording medium, information processor and printing system
An object is to provide a scheme that holds back loads born by a print controlling apparatus capable of communication with an information processor, secure a constant level of usability related to printing by users and can establish a highly reliable printing system. With a scheme in an information processor including an issuing unit for issuing a request for process to a print controlling apparatus, a load is calculated for each of a number of requests that have been issued from the information processor but have received no response from the print controlling apparatus, and issuance of requests from the information processor is restrained based on the calculated loads. |
| US07808652B2 |
Interferometric measurement of DLC layer on magnetic head
An explicit relationship is developed between the ratio of average interferometric modulation produced by diamond-like carbon (DLC)-coated magnetic-head surfaces and the thickness of the DLC layer. Accordingly, the thickness of the DLC layer is calculated in various manners from modulation data acquired for the system using object surfaces of known optical parameters. |
| US07808650B2 |
Displacement measuring apparatus
Disclosed is a displacement measuring apparatus that includes a composite scale having a magnetic pattern and a diffraction grating each aligned in a direction of measuring axis, and a detector head moving in a direction of measuring axis relative to the composite scale. The detector head has a magnetic detection unit detecting a magnetic field exerted by the magnetic pattern to generate first reproduced signals, a light source irradiating the diffraction grating with light, and an optical detection unit detecting the light diffracted by the diffraction grating to generate second reproduced signals. In composite scale, the magnetic pattern and the diffraction grating are arranged such that a pitch of the first reproduced signals is larger than that of the second reproduced signals. |
| US07808649B2 |
Fixed-point detector and displacement-measuring apparatus
A fixed-point detector is provided. The fixed-point detector includes a plurality of fixed-point detecting patterns, a fixed-point detecting light source, and a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements. The plurality of fixed-point detecting patterns each have a pair of diffraction gratings for diffracting incident light in different directions. The fixed-point detecting light source irradiates the pair of diffraction gratings with light while moving in the measurement-axis direction with respect to the plurality of fixed-point detecting patterns. The plurality of photoelectric conversion elements move together with the fixed-point detecting light source, while receiving light beams diffracted by the respective diffraction gratings of the plurality of fixed-point detecting patterns and converting the diffracted light beams into electric signals. |
| US07808647B2 |
Shape measuring method
A method for detecting shapes based on interferometric observation of an object surface subjected to narrow-band lighting. Movement of the interferometer (1) relative to the object surface (2) generates a measuring signal on a photo receiver, e.g., camera circuit (5), from which two extremely closely positioned signal frequencies (fo) and (fo+Δf) are extracted. The phase difference between the two signal components is used for determining the distance and/or the change in distance. The method has a large unambiguousness range, making it possible to have a large depth measurement range, and can be used for workpieces having offset areas on the surface, wherein the measurement is not disturbed along the edges and the offset areas. The method also allows examining strongly inclined surfaces having a steep inclination such that that traditional methods based on evaluating interference lines cannot be used because of a high density of the interference lines. |
| US07808644B2 |
Device for optically measuring the shapes of objects and surfaces
A device is provided for optically measuring shapes and/or examining objects, comprising at least one camera, at least one lens, a scattering body and at least two light sources. The device is characterized in that the scattering body is opaque and that at least two light sources are disposed on the inside of the scattering body and illuminate the inside thereof, and that either only two light sources are used, which are disposed opposite from one another on an imaginary diameter line, or that the light sources are disposed at the corners of a—preferably equilateral—triangle or a cross. |
| US07808641B2 |
Interactive variable pathlength device
This disclosure relates generally to a sampling device, and, more particularly, a sampling device that facilitates spectroscopic measurements with a variable path length and the necessary software controlled algorithms, and methods for using such a device. |
| US07808640B2 |
Photoacoustic spectroscopy system
A system for providing photoacoustic spectroscopy. A light source having a quantum dot filter may provide a band of infrared light which is to be reflected by a lamellar grating to a photoacoustic chamber. The light may be modulated by the grating. The chamber may contain a sample of fluid for which spectral information is sought. A sensor may detect acoustic pressures in the chamber which indicate the spectral information. Signals from the sensor may be processed and displayed. Identification and concentration of certain substances in the fluid may be obtained. |
| US07808638B2 |
Scatterometry target and method
Embodiments of the invention include a SCOL targeting groups configured to increase target to target separation and thereby increase target utility to simultaneous exposures to multiple illumination dots and associated inspection methodologies. The embodiments of the invention further relate to apparatus for projection simultaneous illumination dots onto different targets of the same targeting group on a wafer to conduct multiple simultaneous target inspections. Embodiments of the invention further relate to methods used to inspect SCOL targets using simultaneous illumination dots directed onto different targets of the same targeting group to conduct multiple simultaneous target inspections. |
| US07808636B2 |
Systems, methods, and devices for handling terahertz radiation
Methods and apparatus for detecting variations in electromagnetic fields, in particular, terahertz (THz) electromagnetic fields, are provided. The methods and apparatus employ polarization detection devices and controllers to maintain or vary the polarization of modulated signals as desired. The methods and apparatus are provided to characterize electromagnetic fields by directing the electromagnetic field and a probe beam upon an electro-crystal and detecting the modulation of the resulting probe beam. Detection of the modulation of the probe beam is practiced by detecting and comparing the polarization components of the modulated probe beam. Aspects of the invention may be used to analyze or detect explosives, explosive related compounds, and pharmaceuticals, among other substances. A compact apparatus, modular optical devices for use with the apparatus, sample holders, and radiation source mounts are also disclosed. |
| US07808633B2 |
Spectroscopic system and method for predicting outcome of disease
A system and method to predict the progression of disease of a test sample. A group of known biological samples is provided. Each known biological sample has an associated known outcome including a non-diseased sample or a diseased sample. A Raman data set is obtained for each known biological sample. Each Raman data set is analyzed to identify a diseased or non-diseased reference Raman data set depending on whether respective biological sample is the non-diseased sample or the diseased sample. A first database is generated where the first database contains reference Raman data sets for all diseased samples. A second database is generated where the second database contains reference Raman data sets for all non-diseased samples. A test Raman data set of a test biological sample is received, where the test biological sample has an unknown disease status. A diagnostic is provided as to whether the test sample is a non-diseased sample or a diseased sample. The diagnostic is obtained by comparing the test Raman data set against the reference Raman data sets in the first and the second databases using a chemometric technique. A prediction of the progression of disease may be then provided. |
| US07808627B2 |
Method for directing a controlled movement of a vehicle component
Methods for facilitating controlled movement of at least one vehicle wheel. The methods include the step of presenting a display of information, such as by visual display or audible signals, to an operator to direct a manual controlled-speed movement of the vehicle wheel. The controlled-speed movement may be a rotational movement such as during a wheel alignment rolling compensation procedure, a steering movement, such as during a vehicle wheel alignment angle measurement procedure, or a rotational movement such as during a wheel assembly measurement procedure on a vehicle wheel balancer. |
| US07808624B2 |
Inspecting end surfaces of fiber optic connectors
A system for inspecting the end faces of fiber optic connectors includes a fixture holding a plurality of fiber optic connectors. The system also includes an inspection device configured to inspect end faces of each of the fiber optic connectors, the inspection device including a movement device to which the fixture is coupled, the movement device being configured to move the inspection device relative to the fixture to allow all of the end faces to be inspected. The system also includes a computer system connected to the inspection device, the computer system being programmed to control the inspection device, display inspection data from the inspection device, and store the inspection data. |
| US07808620B2 |
Microchip testing device
A testing device equipped with: a microchip having a receiver for a test fluid, a discharge lamp which emits light into the microchip test fluid receiver, a light source housing in which the discharge lamp is located, and an arithmetic calculation mechanism, which calculates the concentration of the component to be detected, based on the intensity of the light emitted from the test fluid container unit. To reduce the size of the device and to shield the arithmetic calculation mechanism from electromagnetic waves generated around the light source, the light source housing is equipped with shielding connected to the ground on the outside of the light source housing made of insulating material. The light source housing is positioned within an enclosure of the testing device holding the microchip and containing the arithmetic calculation mechanism, analysis output device(s), and other components of the testing device. |
| US07808619B2 |
System for assembling a fluid analysis apparatus
A fluid analysis apparatus includes a cell body having a chamber disposed therein for containing fluid during analysis thereof. The chamber is specifically configured to operably and statically secure a radiant energy guiding member solely through surface-to-surface interaction. |
| US07808616B2 |
Reticle transport apparatus, exposure apparatus, reticle transport method, and reticle processing method
A reticle transport apparatus transports a reticle to and from a processing atmosphere. A reticle loader loads the reticle into the processing atmosphere, with at least a portion of the reticle being covered by a cover. A cover manipulator, in the processing atmosphere, removes the reticle from the cover and transfers the cover, without the removed reticle, to the reticle loader, and the reticle loader unloads the cover from the processing atmosphere. A cover cleaner, outside of the processing atmosphere, cleans the cover. When processing involving the reticle is completed, the reticle is returned to the cleaned cover or is placed in a different cover. |
| US07808614B2 |
Lithographic apparatus and device manufacturing method
An immersion lithographic projection apparatus has a liquid confinement structure configured to at least partly confine liquid to a space between a projection system and a substrate, the confinement structure having a buffer surface, when in use, positioned in close proximity to a plane substantially comprising the upper surface of the substrate and of a substrate table holding the substrate, to define a passage having a flow resistance. A recess is provided in the buffer surface, the recess, when in use, being normally full of immersion liquid to enable rapid filling of a gap between the substrate and substrate table as the gap moves under the buffer surface. The recess may be annular or radial and a plurality of recesses may be provided. |
| US07808613B2 |
Individual wafer history storage for overlay corrections
The invention relates to a device manufacturing method comprising identifying a substrate to be processed, performing a manufacturing step of a patterned layer on the substrate, and storing a substrate process history for the substrate. The history may comprise a correction map comprising position errors caused by the manufacturing step. Identifying the substrate may be done by reading an identification sign present on the substrate or by reading an identification code of a lot comprising the substrate and determining a sequence number of the substrate in the lot. Alignment of the substrate with respect to a patterning device of a lithographic apparatus may be corrected using information of the substrate process history. Alternatively or additionally, measured overlay errors may be corrected per substrate using information of the substrate process history. |
| US07808608B2 |
Liquid crystal display device
Disclosed herein is an LCD device having a drive area directly formed inside a non-pixel area of a substrate without an additional drive IC. The LCD device includes a first substrate having a pixel area and a non-pixel area disposed peripherally to the pixel area. The pixel area has a thin film transistor and a pixel electrode in each sub-pixel defined by gate and data lines crossing each other. A second substrate formed in opposition to the first substrate includes a color filter layer and a black matrix layer. A liquid crystal layer is formed between the first and second substrates. An opening in the black matrix layer reveals an alignment mark, which is disposed on at least one of the first substrate and the second substrate. |
| US07808606B2 |
Method for manufacturing substrate, liquid crystal display apparatus and method for manufacturing the same, and electronic device
A method for manufacturing a substrate, includes: coating the substrate with a first layer including a first metallic element by a dry deposition technique; coating the first layer with a photo resist layer; forming on the photo resist layer an exposure portion, a pair of non-exposure portions being in contact with the exposure portion and having a substantially parallel stripe-like plan shape, and a half exposure portion that is a part of an inner region of the non-exposure portions and an outer region of the non-exposure portions; removing the exposure portion and an upper portion of the half exposure portion, the upper portion having been exposed; forming an electrode portion and a wiring portion by etching the first layer exposed by removing the exposure portion; exposing the electrode portion and the wiring portion by removing the half exposure portion of which the upper portion has been removed, and forming a pair of banks by the pair of non-exposure portions; applying a treatment solution including a second metallic element on a recess portion formed by the wiring portion sandwiched between the pair of banks and the pair of banks by a droplet discharge technique; and forming a second layer including the second metallic element on the wiring portion by hardening the applied treatment solution to thicken the wiring portion. |
| US07808605B2 |
Sheeting and methods for the production thereof
The present invention relates to a foil material for transfer to a target substrate, and methods for manufacturing such a foil material. In a method according to the present invention, a plastic substrate foil (32) is provided that is suitable for aligning liquid crystal material. To the substrate foil (32) is discontiguously applied a layer (34) comprising a liquid crystal material that is aligned. |
| US07808603B2 |
Laminated article with flexible substrate
A laminated article comprises a first substrate and a second substrate at least one of which is flexible, the substrates being spaced apart from each other by spacing means and enclosing a layer of a fluid material. At least some of the spacing means comprise wall structures enclosing an adhesive material which adheres the substrates together. Fluid material which is outside the wall structures is isolated from the adhesive material and any fluid material within the wall structures. Another aspect of the invention provides a method of manufacturing the article. |
| US07808598B2 |
Liquid crystal display device having a common electrode substrate
A common electrode substrate for use in a liquid crystal display (LCD) device includes a substrate body, a common electrode disposed on the substrate body, and a peripheral first circuit disposed on the substrate body. The peripheral first circuit and the common electrode are electrically separate from each other, and the peripheral first circuit extends along at least a portion of a peripheral region of the substrate body. |
| US07808596B2 |
TFT LCD array substrate and the manufacturing method thereof
Provided are a TFT LCD array substrate and manufacturing method thereof. The TFT LCD array substrate comprises a substrate, a gate line and a data line formed on the substrate and crossing each other so as to define a pixel area, a pixel electrode formed in the pixel area, a TFT formed in the pixel area, a common electrode formed on the substrate and extending parallel to the data line. The common electrode is not formed in the central portion of a pixel area, thus improving the aperture ratio. |
| US07808595B2 |
Array substrate for liquid crystal display device and manufacturing method of the same
According to an embodiment, an array substrate for an LCD device includes a substrate, gate lines on the substrate along a first direction, data lines formed along a second direction and crossing the gate lines to define first, second and third pixel regions, thin film transistors at crossing points of the gate lines and the data lines, red, green and blue color filter patterns sequentially disposed in the first, second and third pixel regions, respectively, first, second and third common lines corresponding to the first, second and third pixel regions and receiving first, second and third common voltages, respectively, a pixel electrode over each of the red, green and blue color filter patterns and connected to one of the thin film transistors, and a common electrode over each of the red, green and blue color filter patterns and connected to one of the first, second and third common lines. |
| US07808589B2 |
Transflective liquid crystal display device having particular angle between initial liquid crystal alignment direction and pixel electrode projection direction
In a transflective liquid crystal display device, assuming that a narrower angle among angles formed by the initial liquid crystal alignment direction of a liquid crystal layer, and the projection direction of a pixel electrode of a transmissive unit is θt and that a narrower angle among angles formed by the initial liquid crystal alignment direction of the liquid crystal layer, and the projection direction of a pixel electrode of a reflective unit is θr, (1) when the liquid crystal layer possesses a positive-type liquid crystal, the relation of θt>θr is satisfied, and (2) when the liquid crystal layer possesses a negative-type liquid crystal, the relation of θr>θt is satisfied. The relations are satisfied by slanting or bending at least one of the pixel electrodes, and the reflectivity is improved. |
| US07808588B2 |
Display substrate comprising reflective patterns having a lens shape, method of manufacturing the same, and display apparatus having the same
A display substrate includes a transparent substrate, a pixel layer, an organic insulation layer, a transparent electrode and a reflective electrode. The pixel layer is formed on the transparent substrate. The pixel layer has pixel parts arranged in a matrix shape. Each of the pixel parts has a transmissive region and a reflective region. The organic insulation layer is formed on the pixel layer. The organic insulation layer has reflective patterns of decreasing size along a direction from a center of the reflective region to a periphery of the reflective region. The transparent electrode is formed on the organic insulation layer. The reflective electrode is formed on the transparent electrode such that the reflective electrode is disposed over the reflective region. Therefore reflectance efficiency of ambient light is enhanced. |
| US07808585B2 |
Color filter and color LCD apparatus having red filter with a peak wavelength between 685 nm and 690 nm and a red light source having a peak wavelength of between 640 nm and 645 nm
A color filter (19) used in a transmissive color liquid crystal display panel of a color liquid crystal display (LCD) apparatus. This color filter (19) is constituted by a tristimulus color filter for wavelength-selecting and transmitting red light, green light and blue light. Mixing of blue color and red color is prohibited by not having the transmission wavelength band of the red filter CFR overlaid substantially on the transmission wavelength band of the blue filter CFB. |
| US07808583B2 |
Polarizing sheet capable of color conversion and liquid crystal display equipped with the polarizing sheet
The present invention provides a liquid crystal display with a polarizing sheet capable of color conversion. The liquid crystal display includes an upper polarizing sheet and a lower polarizing sheet, in one of which is provided with a conversion layer to absorb predetermined spectrum distribution energy of the light provided by the backlight module and to convert it to white light spectrum distribution. |
| US07808580B2 |
Reflector member, backlight assembly and display apparatus having the same
In a backlight assembly, a reflector member includes a base sheet reflecting a light and a connecting line disposed on a face of the base sheet and, and transmitting signals. An input pad is disposed at a first end portion of the connecting line and receives the signals, and an output pad is disposed at a second end portion of the connecting line and outputs the signals transmitted through the connecting line. |
| US07808579B2 |
Display using light guide and refractive index control
Some embodiments provide a device including a first material associated with a controllable refractive index, a second material associated with a first refractive index, and a third material disposed between the first material and the second material, the third material being substantially transparent to a plurality of visible light wavelengths and being associated with a second refractive index greater than the first refractive index. Devices according to some embodiments may be employed as a display in a laptop computer, a desktop computer, a personal digital assistant, a minicomputer, a projection television, a front projector, etc. |
| US07808576B2 |
Liquid crystal display device
The present invention provides a backlight of a liquid crystal display device having an inclination surface on a light guide plate and preventing a breakage of a liquid crystal panel, wherein light which leaks from the inclination surface is made to return to the light guide plate and the adhesiveness of the light guide plate and a flexible printed circuit board is increased. In a liquid crystal display device having a backlight which radiates light to a liquid crystal panel, LEDs are formed on a light guide plate formed on the backlight as light emitting elements. Between the plurality of light emitting elements, a projecting portion of the light guide plate is formed, and a reflection member is formed on an adhesive sheet which adheres a projection member and a flexible printed circuit board to each other. By arranging the reflective member and the cushion member close to an inclination surface, light from the inclination surface is made to return to a light guide plate side, and an external force from the outside can be alleviated by a cushion member. |
| US07808572B2 |
Liquid crystal display device including heat conducting pads between shield cover and inverter IC and transformer
A liquid crystal display (LCD) device having a heat releasing structure is disclosed to effectively release heat generated from heating elements such as an inverter IC and a transformer formed on an inverter PCB (Printed, Circuit Board). The LCD device includes a lower cover; a backlight unit formed on the lower cover and providing light; a liquid crystal panel separated from the backlight unit and provided with light; an inverter PCB that drives the backlight unit; an inverter IC and a transformer mounted on the PCB and generating voltage supplied to the backlight unit; a heat conduction unit attached on the inverter IC and the transformer and heat-conducted; and a shield cover protecting the PCB from the exterior and contacting with the heat conduction unit on the inverter IC and the transformer to release heat. |
| US07808571B2 |
Liquid crystal display device
A liquid crystal display (LCD) device includes an LCD panel to display images, a backlight unit to supply light to the LCD panel, a frame provided with an inverter to supply an alternating current of a high voltage to the lamp, and an inverter cover engaged with the frame to receive the inverter. |
| US07808570B2 |
Active matrix substrate for display device and its manufacture method
An active matrix substrate has: scanning lines extending in row direction and image data lines extending in column direction, formed in display area; semiconductor islands at each cross point and in peripheral circuit area; a first gate insulating film formed on each pixel semiconductor island; a first gate made of a first wiring layer and formed on said first gate insulating film; a second gate insulating film thinner than the first gate insulating film formed on peripheral circuit semiconductor island; and a second gate electrode made of a second wiring layer and formed on the second gate insulating film, wherein the pixel transistor semiconductor island, first gate insulating film and first gate electrode constitute a pixel transistor, and the scanning line includes a lower layer made of the second wiring line and an upper layer made of the first wiring line connected to the lower layer. |
| US07808569B2 |
Method for manufacturing pixel structure
A method for manufacturing a pixel structure includes forming a first conductive layer on a substrate and patterning the first conductive layer with use of a first mask as an etching mask to form a gate. A dielectric layer is formed over the substrate to cover the gate. A semiconductor material layer is formed on the dielectric layer and patterned with use of the first mask as an etching mask to form a semiconductor layer on the dielectric layer. A second conductive layer is formed over the substrate and patterned with use of a second mask as an etching mask to form a source/drain over the substrate. A third conductive layer is formed over the substrate and patterned with use of a third mask as an etching mask to form a pixel electrode over the substrate. The pixel electrode is electrically connected to the drain. |
| US07808563B2 |
Flat panel TV screen frame system
A frame is attached to a wall mountable flat panel TV screen by connector structure. The frame enhances the appearance of the flat panel TV screen. An electronic component receptacle is connectable to the frame to hold modular electronic components employed in association with the flat panel TV screen. |
| US07808557B2 |
Method and apparatus for automatic reduction of noise in video transmitted over conductors
A method and apparatus for automatic reduction of noise in video signals transmitted over conductors is presented. The present invention provides an adjustable amount of noise filtering matched to the amount of gain provided by an adjustable gain amplifier to a received video signal. One or more stages of a multi-stage discrete gain amplifier is provided with a corresponding noise filter circuit. The filter circuit is matched to the frequency response of and the amount of gain provided by the discrete gain amplifier stage. When the amplifier stage is applied to the received signal, the corresponding noise filter for that stage is invoked as well. In that manner, the amount of noise filtering applied to a video signal automatically varies with the amount of amplification provided to that signal. |
| US07808554B2 |
Automatic and interactive configuration and control of a video system
The present invention involves inserting a sequence of computer-like commands into a video signal stream (230) and which contain data processing instructions (401; 457; 500) and video test patterns (407; 452) in order to automate the integration, configuration, set up, adjustment, calibration and control of the components (131; 132; 133) in a video system, such as an HDTV, a studio video camera, or Telecine conversion of filmed content. The command source can be any video hardware signal source or any video program content, such as a DVD being played in a DVD player, a game console, game software, a Set Top Box or broadcast video. |
| US07808545B2 |
Image-pickup device, color chart, image adjusting method, and image adjusting system
When switching a mode between an imaging mode imaging an object and an adjustment mode adjusting an image produced by the imaging, in accordance with the switched mode, one photometric region is selected from at least two photometric regions to an image signal obtained from incident light, and exposure of the incident light is controlled on the selected photometric region based on photometric information, thereby achieving accuracy in adjusting the image produced by imaging an object by preventing effect on exposure due to dispersion in field angle. |
| US07808544B2 |
Electronic still camera with capability to perform optimal focus detection according to selected mode
An electronic still camera includes a finder optical system for viewing a subject image. An imaging section obtains the subject image. A display section displays the subject image based on image data associated with the subject image obtained by the imaging section. A mode selecting section selects either a first mode in which the electronic still camera performs imaging operation using the imaging section while a user views the subject image through the finder optical system or a second mode in which the electronic still camera performs imaging operation using the imaging section while the user views the subject image on the display section. A first focus detection circuit performs a first focus detecting operation when the first mode is selected by the mode selecting section. A second focus detection circuit performs a second focus detecting operation when the second mode is selected by the mode selecting section. |
| US07808539B2 |
Image processor that controls transfer of pixel signals between an image sensor and a memory
Pixel signals are sequentially output from an image sensor in a reverse order to an order in which light sensing cells are arranged with respect to one of a horizontal direction and a vertical direction. In an image processor, first, a data reading part transfers the pixel signals in the same order as corresponding light sensing cells are arranged with respect to both of a horizontal direction and a vertical direction, and a signal sequence of the pixel signals is changed. Then, the pixel signals which are output group by group are sequentially selected by a selector in accordance with a sequence of groups. As a result, the pixel signals can be supplied from the selector in an order conforming a two-dimensional array of the light sensing cells, to thereby facilitate color interpolation which is to be later performed by a color interpolator. |
| US07808535B2 |
Semiconductor device and method of driving the same
To provide a semiconductor device and a driving method of the same that is capable of enlarging a signal amplitude value as well as increasing a range in which a linear input/output relationship operates while preventing a signal writing-in time from becoming long. The semiconductor device having an amplifying transistor and a biasing transistor and the driving method thereof, wherein an electric discharging transistor is provided and pre-discharge is performed. |
| US07808531B2 |
Method and apparatus for auto white controlling
An auto white controlling method and apparatus are provided. The method includes providing a plurality of feature points having color features of an image if the image includes an object having dominant chroma; detecting a first illuminant according to the feature points; calculating a mean chroma of data showing a chroma difference within a threshold value with a chroma of the first illuminant among data constituting the image; and providing a second illuminant by mapping the mean chroma to an illuminant locus. The apparatus includes a feature-analyzing module that provides a plurality of feature points having color features of an image; and an illuminant-detecting module that detects a first illuminant by using the feature points, calculates a mean chroma of data showing the color difference within a threshold value with the chroma of the first illuminant, and provides a second illuminant by mapping the mean chroma to an illuminant locus. |
| US07808530B2 |
Image pickup apparatus, guide frame displaying controlling method and computer program
An apparatus and method is disclosed which allows a user to grasp recording image regions for a moving image and a still image to be recorded actually to perform accurate image recording. An image pickup apparatus which can record moving images and still images determines forms of guide frames for a moving image and a still image based on aspect ratios for moving images and still images set in advance by a user. The guide frames are displayed on a monitor screen in response to a situation of an actual recording process. Where the image pickup apparatus is not in a state wherein image data can be recorded such as where a medium does not exist, only a guide frame for an image of a category which can be recorded is displayed together with a picked up image. |
| US07808528B2 |
Method and apparatus for an on-chip variable acuity imager array incorporating roll, pitch and yaw angle rates measurement
A variable acuity imager incorporates an array of detection elements for light energy, in the visible, infrared, ultraviolet, or light energy in another region of the electromagnetic spectrum with a means to change the spatial configuration of the array to include “superpixels” by combining energy detected by adjacent elements, thus permitting any number of high-resolution “foveal” regions to be placed within the confines of the focal plane array and moved around at the frame rate of the imaging device. Detectors to measure the pitch, yaw and roll angle rates of background imagery using velocity-sensing circuitry are employed for variation of the foveal regions to accommodate motion of the array. |
| US07808525B2 |
Transparent camera calibration tool for camera calibration and calibration method thereof
The calibration tool of the present invention is a transparent camera calibration tool in which a plurality of indicator points is spatially distributed and fixed, wherein the indicator points are formed as intersecting points of thin wires extended to the frame by varying the position of the thin wires in the thickness direction and the indicator points are formed as groups of intersecting points of thin wires rendered by extending a plurality of parallel thin wire groups in different directions. The indicator groups are arranged in at least two sets in a non-coplanar relationship and embodied by distributing distinguishable minute particles in a transparent raw material or by marks or similar in the surface of the raw material. Further, a plurality of cameras arranged separately from one another are calibrated in the same coordinate system by using the transparent camera calibration tool, plate tools that are added thereto, and light beams. |
| US07808523B2 |
Lane boundary detector
A boundary detector includes a candidate line detecting unit that detects a candidate line of a lane boundary position drawn on a road surface based on image data of a predetermined detection time period acquired from a camera. The detector also includes a lane boundary position selecting unit that selects a lane boundary position based on the candidate line; a branch lane boundary position selecting unit that selects a lane boundary position of a branch lane that diverts from a main lane based on the candidate line; and a branch processing unit that sets a branch process mode in which the detection time period is short without using the selected lane boundary position of the branch lane when the branch lane boundary position selecting unit selects the lane boundary position of the branch lane. |
| US07808521B2 |
Multimedia conference recording and manipulation interface
A technique is provided for recording and manipulating a multimedia conference. For example, an audio and/or video conference is conducted via computer and the audio data from a set of one or more participants in an audio conference is received and recorded and stored, and the audio data for each participant is recorded onto a separate track of a file. |
| US07808519B2 |
Line head and an image forming apparatus using the line head
A line head, includes: a microlens array in which a plurality of microlenses having a magnification whose absolute value is below 1 are arranged in a main scanning direction of a surface-to-be-scanned, and a plurality of luminous element groups which are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the respective plurality of microlenses, wherein in each of the plurality of luminous element groups, a plurality of luminous elements are arranged at mutually different main-scanning-direction positions in the main scanning direction, the plurality of luminous elements are respectively caused to emit lights at timings in conformity with a movement of the surface-to-be-scanned in a sub scanning direction, and light beams emitted from the plurality of luminous elements are imaged on the surface-to-be-scanned at mutually different main-scanning-direction positions in the main scanning direction to form a plurality of spots side by side on the surface-to-be-scanned in the main scanning direction, and in each of the plurality of luminous element groups, out of the plurality of luminous elements constituting the luminous element group, two luminous elements caused to emit lights to form adjacent spots are arranged at mutually different sub-scanning-direction positions in the sub scanning direction. |
| US07808518B2 |
Ink sheet cartridge
There is provided an ink sheet cartridge that includes a cartridge case having a case body disposed opposite to an upper surface of an ink sheet unit, driving sidewall portions rotatably supporting driving shafts of respective sheet supply and winding bobbins, and a supporting sidewall portion to rotatably support supporting shafts of respective sheet supply and winding bobbins. The ink sheet unit is detachably insertable in the case body, receives an ink sheet wound around the sheet supply bobbin, and includes a supply sheet case capable of drawing out the ink sheet therefrom at the time of receiving the ink sheet. The ink sheet cartridge enables replacement of the ink sheet unit such that the cartridge case is reusable and protects the replacement ink sheet from foreign objects and substances. |
| US07808516B2 |
Image forming apparatus
An image forming apparatus includes a photosensitive drum, a charging apparatus arranged to charge the photosensitive drum, and a developing apparatus arranged to supply toner to an electrostatic latent image in a development region, thereby developing the electrostatic latent image to a toner image. The image forming apparatus further includes a laser unit, an LED array unit which is located downstream of the laser unit in a moving direction of the photosensitive drum and is disposed inside the photosensitive drum to be able to perform exposure within the development region, and a control unit configured to control the laser unit and the LED array unit such that the LED array unit is able to expose the same area on the photosensitive drum which has been exposed by the laser unit. |
| US07808511B2 |
Method and system for streaming documents, E-mail attachments and maps to wireless devices
A method for pre-processing a vector image, including: receiving data for a vector image, the vector image data including a list of descriptions of global vector objects that can be rasterized for display at arbitrary levels of resolution; for each local region from among a plurality of local rectangular regions of the vector image, the local rectangular regions being associated with levels of resolution, determining local vector objects that correspond to intersections of global vector objects with such local region; and for each local region from among the plurality of local rectangular regions, storing descriptions of its local vector objects within a computer memory. |
| US07808510B2 |
Image processing apparatus, image transmission apparatus, display, image processing method, and image transmission method
An image processing apparatus, an image transmission apparatus, a display, an image processing method and an image transmission method, capable of suppressing tone or gray-level distortion before and after dithering as well as reducing and then increasing the number of bit-planes of an image. An image processing apparatus comprises a first image processor for performing multi-level dithering based on a two-dimensional dither matrix to reduce the bit-plane number of a raster image as an original image, a memory for storing image data of the raster image whose bit-plane number has been reduced by the first image processor, and a second image processor for performing bit addition for the image data read out from the memory to increase the bit-plane number thereof. The first image processor applies to the multi-level dithering the sum of threshold values generated by a threshold generator and offset values generated by an offset generator for minimizing the difference between the signal value of the original image and the average of all the dither values of the raster image whose bit-plane number has been increased. A threshold matrix is obtained by changing matrix values of the two-dimensional dither matrix corresponding to matrix values of an offset matrix not being “0” (zero) to values other than their original values, respectively. |
| US07808502B2 |
Perspective editing tools for 2-D images
Methods and apparatus, including computer systems and program products, to provide an image editing application including a perspective editing tool for performing edits in regions of an image having perspective. The perspective editing tool enables the user to identify one or more regions having perspective, i.e., perspective areas. The user can perform various editing operations on an object such that the edited object conforms to the perspective of the perspective area. The image editing application can also automatically create a perspective area from an existing perspective area. The editing tool enables the user to move objects from a source perspective area to a destination perspective area such that the edited object conforms to the perspective of the destination perspective area. |
| US07808500B2 |
Method for improving spatial index efficiency by jittering splitting planes
Embodiments of the invention provide methods and apparatus to improve the efficiency of a ray tracing image processing system. According to one embodiment of the invention, when building a spatial index the position of a splitting plane used to create a bounding volume may be jittered or moved along an axis to determine if a more efficient location for the splitting plane exists. After jittering the splitting plane a number of primitives intersected by the splitting plane may be calculated. The number of primitives intersected by the splitting plane for each location may be compared, and the location with the fewest intersected primitives may be chosen for the final position of the splitting plane. By choosing the location with the fewest intersected primitives the number of ray-primitive intersection tests necessary when performing ray tracing may be reduced. Consequently, the efficiency of the image processing system may be improved. |
| US07808497B2 |
Driving circuit and method for AMOLED using power pulse feed-through technique
An AMOLED driving circuit and driving method adds an additional switching transistor to a 2T1C driving circuit. An additional switching transistor is connected to the high voltage source, a scan line and a node connected a source terminal of a driving transistor of the 2T1C driving circuit and the light-emitting device. The additional switching transistor and an original switching transistor of the 2T1C driving circuit are activated when the scan line outputs high voltage. At the time, a low voltage of a PWM voltage is added to the high voltage source not to drive the driving transistor, and a storage capacitor stores a voltage of the image data signal. When the two switching transistors turn off and a high voltage of the PWM voltage is provided to the high voltage source, the driving transistor is driven to generate a driving current to the light-emitting device. |
| US07808494B2 |
Display device and driving method thereof
A display device that employs fewer IC chips and lends itself to cost-efficient manufacturing is presented. The device includes: a plurality of pixel rows including first and second pixels alternately arranged; a plurality of first and second gate lines disposed above and below the pixel rows and applying first and second gate-on voltages to the first and the second pixels, respectively; data lines intersecting the first and the second gate lines, each data line disposed between the first and the second pixels in a pair of first and second pixels and applying data voltages to the first and the second pixels; first and second gate drivers applying the first and the second gate-on voltages to the first and the second gate lines; and a data driver applying the data voltages to the data lines, wherein the second gate-on voltage is applied earlier than the first gate-on voltages by a predetermined time. |
| US07808493B2 |
Displaying apparatus using data line driving circuit and data line driving method
A data line driving circuit includes a first buffer circuit configured to drive a data line, and a second buffer circuit configured to drive a data line. N first data lines (n is a natural number larger than 1), and m second data lines (m is a natural number larger than 1) are alternately arranged in units of data lines as a group. The data line driving circuit further includes a first switch circuit configured to select one of the n first data lines in a first ON period and to connect the selected first data line with the first buffer circuit, and a second switch circuit configured to select one of the m second data lines adjacent to the selected first data line in a second ON period and to connect the selected second data line with the second buffer circuit. |
| US07808490B2 |
Device and method for determining touch position on sensing area of capacitive touch panel
Described is a device and a method for determining a touch position on a sensing area of a capacitive touch panel. In the device and method, an alternating current (AC) scan signal having a frequency and a current value is supplied to each of four corners of the capacitive touch panel. Next, the frequencies of the AC scan signals are each rapidly switched among a group of specific frequencies. The current values of the AC scan signals detected. In response, a group of selected frequencies is selected according to a noise filtering procedure from the group of specific frequencies based on the current values. Final current values are obtained by calculating the current values of the AC scan signals of the group of selected frequencies. Finally, the touch position on the capacitive touch panel is determined based on the final current values. |
| US07808488B2 |
Method and apparatus for providing tactile sensations
Products and processes for providing tactile sensations to input devices or electronic devices are provided. Input devices include mechanical input devices (such as, for example, mechanical switches) and non-mechanical input devices (such as, for example, touchpads). Tactile feedback is provided by using an actuator or other means in communication with the input device or electronic device. A controller may be employed to receive signals from the input devices and control the actuator. Tactile feedback to an input device or electronic device may be provided in response to one or more events or situations. Such an event or situation may be any one designated. Examples of such events and situations include the level of pressure placed on an input device; the availability or lack of availability of a function associated with an input device; and the function, menu, or mode of operation associated with an input device's activation. A variety of feedback types and combinations may be selected. |
| US07808482B2 |
Slim mouse
A slim mouse includes a first housing, a second housing and a connecting member. The first housing includes a first front part and a first rear part, wherein the first rear part has a first slant. The second housing includes a second front part and a second rear part, wherein the second front part has a second slant. The connecting member includes a rotating shaft for connecting the first slant and the second slant, so that the second housing is rotatable with the rotating shaft and relative to the first housing. |
| US07808478B2 |
Autonomous handheld device having a drawing tool
An autonomous handheld device comprises a drawing module having drawing capabilities for electronically editing a drawing and a motion sensing feature for sensing self-motion. The autonomous handheld device is configured to associate the motion sensing feature with the drawing capability thereby to allow sensed motion of the motion sensing feature to modify the electronic editing. |
| US07808476B2 |
Pixel structure
A pixel structure is provided. A scan line and a data line are disposed over a substrate. A first, second, and third thin film transistors are electrically connected with the data line and the scan line. The width-to-length ratios of the second and third thin film transistors are the same but larger than that of the first thin film transistor. A first, second and third pixel electrodes are electrically connected with the first, the second and the third thin film transistors, respectively. A first, second and third common lines are disposed below the first, second and third pixel electrodes respectively. The first and second common lines are electrically connected to a first voltage and the third common line is electrically connected to a second voltage. |
| US07808475B2 |
Photo-luminescent backlight support for power saving
Backlight support is provided for flat panel displays through use of phospho-luminescent materials. Photo-luminescent materials are integrated into a flat panel display such as an LCD display as a back panel substrate or by embedding in display pixels. When ambient light levels exceed a predetermined threshold the material is activated allowing a reduction in active backlight power. The active backlight may be provided by an electrically supported system such as an ELP, a light pipe, an LED, etc. By reducing the power of the active backlight in an analog manner or through decreasing the duty cycle, an overall power savings is accomplished for the display. By embedding different photo-luminescent materials that operate at different wavelengths, color display may be enhanced while reducing power consumption. Display properties, such as transparency, contrast, etc., may be adjusted to affect phospho-luminescent backlight support. |
| US07808472B2 |
Liquid crystal display and driving method thereof
A liquid crystal display device and a driving method thereof are provided. The liquid crystal display includes a data driver that is operative to supply data to the data lines. The data have the same polarity for the liquid crystal cells that are adjacent horizontally and opposite polarities for the liquid crystal cells that are adjacent vertically. A gate driver is operative to supply scan signals to the gate lines. The scan signals have different swing widths from each other in accordance with a polarity of the data. The switch devices include a plurality of first switch devices and a plurality of second switch devices. The first switch devices are connected to the (n−1)th (where n is a positive integer of not less than 2) gate line and the second switch devices are connected to the nth gate line. |
| US07808469B2 |
Liquid crystal display control device
There is provided a liquid crystal display control device which can display pictures in a magnification mode by using only a memory having low-speed access and a low storage capacity. When a video signal has intermediate resolution or less, the enlargement processing is performed by a frame memory, a line memory and an enlargement processing control circuit. If the input operation and the output operation to and from the frame memory are synchronized with each other, it is sufficient for the frame memory to have a storage capacity of two lines. When the video signal has the same high resolution as a liquid crystal display panel, the video signal is output through a gate circuit to a display timing generating circuit, and it is displayed in a through mode. In this case, no processing is performed by the frame memory or the like. |
| US07808467B2 |
Electro-optical device, method of driving electro-optical device, driving circuit, and electronic apparatus
A method of driving an electro-optical device having a plurality of pixels which are formed to correspond to intersections between a plurality of scan lines and a plurality of data lines and each of which exhibits a grayscale of output light corresponding to a data signal sampled and supplied to the corresponding data line when the corresponding scan line is selected is provided. The method includes: selecting the plurality of scan lines in a predetermined order; dividing a period of time, when one of the scan lines is selected, into a first period and a second period; selecting m (where m is an integer greater than or equal to 2) lines from one of an odd group and an even group consisting of odd-numbered and even-numbered data lines, respectively, in the first period; selecting m data lines from the other of the odd group and the even group of data lines in the second period; and sampling data signals supplied to m image signal lines and supplying the sampled data signals to the selected m data lines. |
| US07808465B2 |
Gamma voltage generator, source driver, and display device utilizing the same
A gamma voltage generator generating a plurality of gamma voltages transformed into a plurality of data signals by a processing unit is disclosed. The processing unit outputs the data signals according to a color separation method. The gamma voltage generator comprises a setting unit, a resistor string, and a selection unit. The setting unit provides a first parameter, a second parameter, and a third parameter. The resistor string generates the gamma voltages according to the first, second, or third parameter. The selection unit is coupled between the setting unit and the resistor string for outputting the first, second, or third parameter to the resistor string according to a control signal group. |
| US07808464B2 |
Apparatus and method for driving liquid crystal display device
An apparatus and method for driving an LCD device is provided. The apparatus for driving an LCD device includes an image display unit that displays an image, and a driving circuit that varies the number of frames of the image displayed in the image display unit in response to motion of the image. |
| US07808463B2 |
Data driver and organic light emitting display having the same
An organic light emitting display having color-specific demultiplexers is disclosed. Each demultiplexer receives a data signal for a specific color and sequentially supplies the data signals to sub-pixels for the specific color. Therefore, a data driving circuit supplying the data signal to the demultiplexer receives and successively processes only data of the specific color, so that power loss due to data charging/discharging operations is reduced when specific color sub-pixels of neighboring pixels receive the data signal corresponding to similar gray-scale voltages. |
| US07808462B2 |
Display apparatus
A display apparatus includes an RGB-RGBX signal converter having a variable RGB-RGBX conversion ratio and configured to convert an RGB signal into an RGBX signal. An RGBX type self light-emitting display is configured to display video, based on the RGBX signal obtained by the RGB-RGBX signal converter. A controller is configured to control the RGB-RGBX conversion ratio utilized for converting the RGB signal into the RGBX signal, in accordance with a display position of the RGB signal. |
| US07808461B2 |
Image display apparatus
An image display apparatus according to the present invention includes: n of scanning lines, n being an integer of 3 or greater; a scanning circuit that outputs a selection signal for sequentially selecting scanning lines from the n of scanning lines in each transitional selection period, light being to be emitted onto the selected scanning lines; a plurality of display devices that are to form a plurality of pixels that form the plurality of scanning lines; an evaluation circuit that outputs an evaluation value corresponding to the brightness of an image formed by the pixels of each of the plurality of display devices; and a control circuit that changes scanning conditions in the scanning circuit in accordance with the evaluation value, so that the ratio of the total time in term of a unit time of the time when each of the n of scanning lines being selected during the selection periods to the unit time is changed. |
| US07808460B2 |
Display LED drive circuit
A display LED drive circuit configured in such a manner that, for example, a constant current circuit, a green display LED circuit, and a red display LED circuit are connected in series and a resistor circuit having a resistor that generates a potential difference identical to the respective display LEDs is connected in parallel to the respective LED circuits. A corresponding switching element of the display LED circuit and a corresponding switching element of the resistor circuit connected in parallel are controlled to be opened and closed in opposite ways, another route connected to a source circuit in parallel is connected to the constant current circuit, a blue display LED circuit connected in parallel to the resistor circuit as described above, and a constant voltage diode in series, and a predetermined voltage is derived from an output terminal by the constant voltage diode and supplied to a control circuit. |
| US07808458B2 |
Light emitting display and driving method thereof
A light emitting display displays an image on a display panel having a plurality of scan lines, a plurality of data lines, and a plurality of pixel circuits. In the light emitting display, one of the plurality of pixel circuits includes a light emitting element having a first electrode and a second electrode, and a current detector. The light emitting display further includes: a current estimator for estimating the amount of current flowing through the light emitting element; a controller for outputting a gamma compensation value; and a data driver for generating a data signal. |
| US07808452B2 |
Plasma display panel driving method and plasma display device
A method for driving a plasma display panel including discharge cells at the intersections of data electrodes D1 to Dm and pairs of scan electrodes SC1 to SCn and sustain electrodes SU1 to SUn. One field period is composed of a plurality of subfields each including a writing period and a sustain period. During the writing period, a writing discharge is generated in a selected one of the discharge cells. During the sustain period, a sustain discharge is generated in the selected discharge cell. A voltage to be applied to sustain electrodes SU1 to SUn in the writing period of the subfield having the lowest display luminance of all the subfields is set higher than a voltage to be applied to sustain electrodes SU1 to SUn in the writing period of the subfields other than the subfield having the lowest display luminance. |
| US07808450B2 |
Image processing method and image processing apparatus
When a plurality of mixed reality (MR) experiencing persons experience the same mixed reality, there is a possibility that the experiencing persons come into contact with one another. An image processing apparatus capable of reporting to the MR experiencing persons that there is a possibility of contact. Therefore, a real space image that is image captured from the position and orientation of a user's viewpoint is drawn. The position and orientation of the user's viewpoint at this time is detected by a sensor unit. It is determined whether or not the viewpoint position is smaller than or equal to an attention distance at which there is a possibility of contact. If the viewpoint position is smaller than or equal to the attention distance, an attention display for this fact is performed. |