专利汇可以提供Straight-bladed vertical axis wind turbine专利检索,专利查询,专利分析的服务。并且The present invention concerns a wind turbine device having two or more vertical blades as generally used to generate power that gives a self-regulating angular speed using a collective blade-pitch control system with common biasing springs indirectly connected to each of the blades. A multiple retainer struts attachment system is disclosed for each blade to limit the effects of bending stresses on the latter. A new robust blade mounting, construction and design method is also described for use in the present wind turbine device.,下面是Straight-bladed vertical axis wind turbine专利的具体信息内容。
I claim:1. A wind turbine device of the vertical axis type comprising:a static support structure rotatably supporting a rotor assembly at its substantially vertical turbine drive shaft connected to a power generator member, the rotor assembly also includes;a plurality of vertical blade members equally and circumferencially spaced apart from and parallel to said shaft, said blade members having a leading and a trailing edges, said blade members being vertically pivotally mounted at their top and bottom extremities and close to said leading edge to respective rigid horizontal support struts to allow for a variable pitch angle of said blade members from a neutral position with said blade member being essentially tangential to said shaft, each of said horizontal support struts being fixedly radially secured to said shaft;a short horizontal arm secured at one end on respective of said blade members and substantially tangential to said shaft and secured at a second end to a first extremity of a respective rigid horizontal control rod;a second extremity of each of said control rod is secured to a common control disc member rotatably mounted to said shaft; anda control disc biasing member secured to said shaft and biasing said control disc member against any positive common angular pivoting change of said pitch angle of said blade members about their respective pivoting axis.2. A device as defined in claim 1, wherein said second end of each of said short horizontal arms includes an adjustable weight member to allow for specific calibration of said blade member of said wind turbine device.3. A device as defined in claim 2, wherein each of said blade members includes a shaped external body having a leading and a trailing edges and a center of aerodynamic pressure loads therebetween, and being longitudinally pivotally mounted onto a substantially vertical post member at said center of pressure loads, said vertical post member being rigidly secured to respective said horizontal support struts, said leading edge of said external body having said one end of said respective short arm being secured thereto.4. A device as defined in claim 3, wherein each of said blade members further includes at least one substantially horizontal intermediate retainer member fixedly secured to said shaft at a first extremity and rotatably secured to said vertical post member of said blade member at a second extremity, said intermediate retainer members being equally spaced apart along said external body between said respective horizontal support struts and parallel to the latter.5. A device as defined in claim 3, wherein each of said vertical post members is located inside respective said external body that is pivotally mounted thereon.6. A device as defined in claim 4, wherein each of said vertical post members is located inside said respective external body that is pivotally mounted thereon, said external body of said blade member having at least one corresponding small opening allowing said second extremity of said intermediate support member to reach said vertical post member and a substantial free pivoting of said external body around said vertical post member with said pitch angle varying between zero and +25 degrees from said neutral position.7. A device as defined in claim 5, wherein each of said vertical post members includes an inner tube rigidly secured to said respective horizontal support struts at its extremities and an outer tube coaxial to said inner tube and rotatably secured therealong, said outer tube being rigidly secured to said external body and of essentially a same length thereof.8. A device as defined in claim 6, wherein each of said vertical post members includes an inner tube rigidly secured to said respective horizontal support struts at its extremities and an outer tube coaxial to said inner tube and rotatably secured therealong, said outer tube being rigidly secured to said external body and of essentially a same length thereof, said outer tube also having at least one corresponding small opening allowing said second extremity of said intermediate support member to reach said inner tube and a substantial free pivoting of said outer tube around said inner tube with said pitch angle varying between zero and +25 degrees from said neutral position.9. A device as defined in claim 1, wherein said control disc member is a generally round disc with a radius relatively smaller than the distance separating each of said blade members from said shaft such that each of said control rods is substantially parallel to said corresponding support struts, and said control disc biasing member includes a transverse bar rigidly secured to said shaft and abutting at least one pair of biasing springs axially supported by said round disc, said biasing springs biasing said control disc member and said blade members into said neutral position thereby controlling rotational speed of said shaft at a pre-determined speed for said power generator member.10. A device as defined in claim 7, wherein said control disc member is a generally round disc with a radius relatively smaller than the distance separating each of said blade members from said shaft such that each of said control rods is substantially parallel to said corresponding support struts, and said control disc biasing member includes a transverse bar rigidly secured to said shaft and abutting at least one pair of biasing springs axially supported by said round disc, said biasing springs biasing said control disc member and said blade members into said neutral position thereby controlling rotational speed of said shaft at a pre-determined speed for said power generator member.11. A device as defined in claim 8, wherein said control disc member is a generally round disc with a radius relatively smaller than the distance separating each of said blade members from said shaft such that each of said control rods is substantially parallel to said corresponding support struts, and said control disc biasing member includes a transverse bar rigidly secured to said shaft and abutting at least one pair of biasing springs axially supported by said round disc, said biasing springs biasing said control disc member and said blade members into said neutral position thereby controlling rotational speed of said shaft at a pre-determined speed for said power generator member.12. A device as defined in claim 1, wherein said short horizontal arms, said control rods, said control disc member and said control disc biasing member are substantially at mid vertical distance between said respective horizontal support struts.13. A device as defined in claim 11, wherein said short horizontal arms, said control rods, said control disc member and said control disc biasing member are substantially at mid vertical distance between said respective horizontal support struts.14. A wind turbine device of the vertical axis type comprising:a static support structure rotatably supporting a rotor assembly at its substantially vertical turbine drive shaft connected to a power generator member, the rotor assembly includes;a plurality of vertical blade members equally and circumferencially spaced apart from and parallel to said shaft, said blade members having a leading and a trailing edges, said blade members being vertically pivotally mounted at their top and bottom extremities and close to said leading edge to respective rigid horizontal support struts to allow for a variable pitch angle of said blade members from a neutral position with said blade member being essentially tangential to said shaft, each of said horizontal support struts being fixedly radially secured to said shaft, each of said blade members includes a shaped external body having a leading and a trailing edges and a center of aerodynamic pressure loads therebetween, and being longitudinally pivotally mounted onto a substantially vertical post member at said center of pressure loads, said vertical post member being rigidly secured to respective said horizontal support struts; andat least one substantially horizontal intermediate retainer member fixedly secured to said shaft at a first extremity and rotatably secured to said vertical post member of said blade member at a second extremity, said intermediate retainer members being equally spaced apart along said external body between said respective horizontal support struts and parallel to the latter.15. A wind turbine device of the vertical axis type comprising:a static support structure rotatably supporting a rotor assembly at its substantially vertical turbine drive shaft connected to a power generator member, the rotor assembly includes;a plurality of vertical blade members equally and circumferencially spaced apart from and parallel to said shaft, said blade members having a leading and a trailing edges, said blade members being vertically pivotally mounted at their top and bottom extremities and close to said leading edge to respective rigid horizontal support struts to allow for a variable pitch angle of said blade members from a neutral position with said blade member being essentially tangential to said shaft, each of said horizontal support struts being fixedly radially secured to said shaft, each of said blade members includes a shaped external body having a leading and a trailing edges and a center of aerodynamic pressure loads therebetween, and being longitudinally pivotally mounted onto a substantially vertical post member at said center of pressure loads, said vertical post member being rigidly secured to respective said horizontal support struts;at least one substantially horizontal intermediate retainer member fixedly secured to said shaft at a first extremity and rotatably secured to said vertical post member of said blade member at a second extremity, said intermediate retainer members being equally spaced a part along said external body between said respective horizontal support struts and parallel to the latter;a short horizontal arm secured at one end on respective said leading edge of said external body of each of said blade members and substantially tangential to said shaft and secured at a second end to a first extremity of a respective rigid horizontal control rod;a second extremity of each of said control rod is secured to a common control disc member rotatably mounted to said shaft; anda control disc biasing member secured to said shaft and biasing said control disc member against any positive common angular pivoting change of said pitch angle of said blade members about their respective pivoting axis.16. A device as defined in claim 15, wherein said second end of each of said short horizontal arms includes an adjustable weight member to allow for specific calibration of said blade member of said wind turbine device.17. A device as defined in claim 15, wherein each of said vertical post members is located inside said respective external body that is pivotally mounted thereon, said external body of said blade member having at least one corresponding small opening allowing said second extremity of said intermediate support member to reach said vertical post member and a substantial free pivoting of said external body around said vertical post member with said pitch angle varying between zero and +25 degrees from said neutral position.18. A device as defined in claim 17, wherein each of said vertical post members includes an inner tube rigidly secured to said respective horizontal support struts at its extremities and an outer tube coaxial to said inner tube and rotatably secured therealong, said outer tube being rigidly secured to said external body and of essentially a same length thereof, said outer tube also having at least one corresponding small opening allowing said second extremity of said intermediate support member to reach said inner tube and a substantial free pivoting of said outer tube around said inner tube with said pitch angle varying between zero and +25 degrees from said neutral position.19. A device as defined in claim 15, wherein said control disc member is a generally round disc with a radius relatively smaller than the distance separating each of said blade members from said shaft such that each of said control rods is substantially parallel to said corresponding support struts, and said control disc biasing member includes a transverse bar rigidly secured to said shaft and abutting at least one pair of biasing springs axially supported by said round disc, said biasing springs biasing said control disc member and said blade members into said neutral position thereby controlling rotational speed of said shaft at a pre-determined speed for said power generator member.20. A device as defined in claim 18, wherein said short horizontal arms, said control rods, said control disc member and said control disc biasing member are substantially at mid vertical distance between said respective horizontal support struts.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to wind turbines, more specifically to a wind turbines with multiple straight blades around a substantially vertical axis and a collective blade-pitch control system therefor.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Wind turbines commonly known as windmills have been used to produce power via a mechanical shaft for thousands of years. Vertical axis windmills are probably among the oldest of all. Many various types of arrangements have been created in recent years. Some modifying the design, construction or assembly of the blades, or modifying the attachment system between the support struts and the blades, or also modifying the blade-pitch control system regulating the angular speed of the blades.
In the U.S. Pat. No. 1,835,018 to Darrieus entitled “Turbine having its rotating shaft transverse to the flow of the current” and dated Dec. 8, 1931, the U.S. Pat. No. 4,299,537 to Evans entitled “Interlinked variable-pitch blades for windmills and turbines” and dated Nov. 10, 1981, the U.S. Pat. No. 4,718,821 to Clancy entitled “Windmill blade” and dated Jan. 12, 1988, the U.S. Patent 5,057,696 to Thomas entitled “Vertical windmill with omnidirectional diffusion” and dated Oct. 15, 1991, and the U.S. Pat. No. 5,126,584 to Ouellet entitled “Windmill”, no specific design features are given to reinforce the construction of the blades themselves, except in Ouellet where a shaft goes through the blades, and in Thomas where a shaft goes through the external vertical stator to protect from high winds but not specifically inside the airfoils. In those cases, however, there is no system permitting for example to have for each blade assembly a strong rod and a light and resistant blade surrounding the rod. In Thomas the system of airfoils basically has to be protected by the use of the complex stators. In most cases however, robust and strong construction of all of the blades may mean heavier blades.
Furthermore, heavy blades, and long blades will both be a cause for higher bending stresses due to the centrifugal forces being exerted on the blades during the rotation of the rotor, often resulting in added cost in the construction of the blades and the turbine rotor. In the case of Ouellet however, a bracing ring solidifies the shutters, but part of the shutters are fixed. In the case of Thomas, upper and lower support bars are included in the system, but they are inserted in-between the vertical stators, preventing the stators or blades to have relatively large length or height. Clancy and Evans also both show struts to attach the blades, but this is done on the outside of the blade, necessitating a more rigid blade than if the attachment was done on a structural member inside the blade for example.
On wind turbines, a relatively strong design focus is also given to the pitch control of the blades to regulate speed and/or power output of the rotor. Some have a system where pitch control is individually provided for each blade, such as in Clancy, which subjects each blade to cyclic fluctuations during each rotation due to the variation of aerodynamic pressures acting on the blade during its rotation and could result in greater wear and tear on the blades and increased maintenance costs.
The pitch control system is also sometimes collective such as in Darnieus, Evans, Thomas and Ouellet. In Darrieus' invention, the pivoting blades are linked to an eccentric ring to give a possible oscillation on the blades when they are in rotation. This system is purely a blade pitch control system, as also in Evans' invention. In both inventions, the force of the wind is furthermore inducing the pitch control (via a system of linkages at the top of the central vertical shaft in Evans' case) as opposed to have the centrifugal forces acting in the pitch control.
In Thomas' invention, the centrifugal forces act upon an arm pivoting about the strut. As such, the arm does not tend to rotate the disk, which is activated via a loose cable, which becomes tight as the arm extends outwards. Furthermore, the pitching of the blades is finally achieved through a system of cables and cam sliding in a rail attached to the blade. The collective blade-pitch control is not in this case provided by centrifugal forces that tend to turn the disc and arise from centrifugal forces acting on the unbalanced blades and connecting rods. Ouellet's invention has a plurality of stationary and movable shutters arranged inside the rotor. Both previously mentioned inventions have a collective pitch control system requiring an elaborate mechanism including numerous cams and cables or toothed crown wheel and pinions.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
It is therefore a general object of the present invention to provide a wind turbine device of the character described which obviates the above noted disadvantages.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a wind turbine device that provides a simple and effective collective blade-pitch control system induced by centrifugal forces to self-regulate the angular speed and/or power output of the rotor of the wind turbine.
A further object of the present invention is to provide a wind turbine device that provides a method of effective attachment of multiple retainer struts in order to limit the effects of centrifugal forces or bending stresses on the blades while keeping the blades' maximum effectiveness.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a wind turbine device that gives simple design and structural modifications to strengthen and lighten turbine blades.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a wind turbine device that has a support structure easily adaptable to receive more than one rotor assembly depending on the required output power.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is directed to a wind turbine device of the vertical axis type that comprises:
a static support structure rotatably supporting a rotor assembly at its substantially vertical turbine drive shaft connected to a power generator member, the rotor assembly also includes;
a plurality of vertical blade members equally and circumferencially spaced apart from and parallel to said shaft, said blade members having a leading and a trailing edges, said blade members being vertically pivotally mounted at their top and bottom extremities and close to said leading edge to respective rigid horizontal support struts to allow for a variable pitch angle of said blade members from a neutral position with said blade member being essentially tangential to said shaft, each of said horizontal support struts being fixedly radially secured to said shaft;
a short horizontal arm secured at one end on respective of said blade members and substantially tangential to said shaft and secured at a second end to a first extremity of a respective rigid horizontal control rod;
a second extremity of each of said control rod is secured to a common control disc member rotatably mounted to said shaft; and
a control disc biasing member secured to said shaft and biasing said control disc member against any positive common angular pivoting change of said pitch angle of said blade members about their respective pivoting axis.
Preferably, the second end of each of said short horizontal arms includes an adjustable weight member to allow for specific calibration of said blade member of said wind turbine device.
Preferably, each of the blade members includes a shaped external body having a leading and a trailing edges and a center of aerodynamic pressure loads therebetween, and being longitudinally pivotally mounted onto a substantially vertical post member at said center of pressure loads, said vertical post member being rigidly secured to respective said horizontal support struts, said leading edge of said external body having said one end of said respective short arm being secured thereto.
Preferably, each of the blade members further includes at least one substantially horizontal intermediate retainer member fixedly secured to said shaft at a first extremity and rotatably secured to said vertical post member of said blade member at a second extremity, said intermediate retainer members being equally spaced a part along said external body between said respective horizontal support struts and parallel to the latter.
Preferably, each of the vertical post members is located inside said respective external body that is pivotally mounted thereon, said external body of said blade member having at least one corresponding small opening allowing said second extremity of said intermediate support member to reach said vertical post member and a substantial free pivoting of said external body around said vertical post member with said pitch angle varying between zero and +25 degrees from said neutral position.
Preferably, each of the vertical post members includes an inner tube rigidly secured to said respective horizontal support struts at its extremities and an outer tube coaxial to said inner tube and rotatably secured therealong, said outer tube being rigidly secured to said external body and of essentially a same length thereof, said outer tube also having at least one corresponding small opening allowing said second extremity of said intermediate support member to reach said inner tube and a substantial free pivoting of said outer tube around said inner tube with said pitch angle varying between zero and +25 degrees from said neutral position.
Preferably, the control disc member is a generally round disc with a radius relatively smaller than the distance separating each of said blade members from said shaft such that each of said control rods is substantially parallel to said corresponding support struts, and said control disc biasing member includes a transverse bar rigidly secured to said shaft and abutting at least one pair of biasing springs axially supported by said round disc, said biasing springs biasing said control disc member and said blade members into said neutral position thereby controlling rotational speed of said shaft at a pre-determined speed for said power generator member.
Preferably, the short horizontal arms, said control rods, said control disc member and said control disc biasing member are substantially at mid vertical distance between said respective horizontal support struts.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In the annexed drawings, like reference characters indicate like elements throughout.
FIG. 1
is an elevation view of an embodiment according to a wind turbine of the present invention;
FIG. 2
is a partially broken perspective view of a blade assembly of the embodiment of
FIG. 1
shown in its neutral position;
FIG. 3
is a top section view taken along line
3
—
3
of
FIG. 2
;
FIG. 4
is a partially broken elevation section view taken along line
4
—
4
of FIG.
2
.
FIG. 5
is an enlarged partially broken elevation view of the arrangement of the attachment of blade retainers and control rods with the control disc on the rotor shaft, and of the blade assembly on the wind turbine and its support structure;
FIG. 6
is a plan view taken along line
6
—
6
of
FIG. 5
;
FIG. 7
is an enlarged partially broken elevation view of the arrangement of the control disc and its biasing member on the drive shaft of the embodiment of
FIG. 1
; and
FIG. 8
is a plan view taken along line
8
—
8
of FIG.
7
.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring to
FIG. 1
, there is shown an embodiment of turbine a wind device
20
according to the present invention with an upper static support structure
22
secured to a lower support structure
24
. At the center of the upper support structure
22
is a rotatable vertical turbine drive shaft
26
secured thereto by typical bearing members
28
and preferably connected to a speed increaser or gearbox
30
also secured to the upper support structure
22
. A power generator member
32
is furthermore mounted on the gearbox
30
. It shall be understood that the drive shaft
26
may be a plurality of shaft sections (not shown) with mating flanges on them for preferably bolting the sections together.
The turbine drive shaft
26
supports the rotor assembly of the turbine device
20
that includes at least two, preferably six, blade members
34
substantially vertical and parallel to the shaft
26
. The blade members
34
are equally and circumferencially spaced-apart from each other around that shaft
26
. Each blade member
34
is vertically pivotally mounted at its extremities onto a pair of top and bottom rigid support struts
36
, preferably horizontal and all secured to the shaft
26
.
As shown in
FIG. 2
, each vertical blade
34
is secured to its horizontal support struts
36
at the extremities of an inner tube
48
. A plurality of retainer attachment members, preferably support lugs
38
(shown on
FIGS. 2
,
3
, and
4
), are rigidly secured to the inner tube
48
. A first extremity of a plurality of intermediate retainer members
40
, preferably substantially horizontal, is preferably rotatably secured to one of the support lugs
38
. The second extremity of each intermediate retainer members
40
is secured to the shaft
26
. Each blade member
34
is linked to a common control disc member
44
rotatably secured to the shaft
26
via a horizontal control rod
42
. The control disc member
44
is biased from free rotation by a control disc biasing member
46
secured to the shaft
26
.
FIGS. 2
,
3
, and
4
show the details of the design surrounding the blade member
34
. The vertical rigid inner tube
48
is secured between the support struts
36
. A hollowed vertical outer tube
52
is rotatably secured on the inner tube
48
, preferably by means of tube bearings or bushings
50
, to form the vertical post member. The outer tube
52
is substantially coaxial to its inner tube
48
. The shape external body of the blade
34
, preferably of NACA airfoil shape configuration, is securely mounted on, preferably around, the outer tube
52
by standard attachment means, preferably riveting or welding, as to have the axis of the outer and inner tubes
52
,
48
respectively at preferably approximately a quarter of the distance from the leading edge
54
, or nose tip, to the trailing edge
55
of the shaped blade
34
, from the leading edge
54
. That location is the so-called center of aerodynamic pressure loads on the shaped blade
34
to help prevent dynamic oscillations in the pivoting of the blade
34
during the variations of the aerodynamic forces acting on that blade
34
when the turbine drive
26
shaft is rotating. The above-mentioned arrangement allows the blade
34
to angularly rotate as shown by angle A, the blade-pitch angle, around the vertical post member from its neutral position being essentially tangential to the shaft
26
. A horizontal arm
56
is secured, at one of its ends, to the leading edge
54
of a corresponding blade member
34
, and preferably also to further the outer tube
52
for better structural stability of the blade member
34
, at a same horizontal level as the level of the control disc member
42
. An adjustable counter balance weight member
58
is preferably attached onto the second end of the horizontal arm
56
to provide counter balancing to the blade
34
. It is on the same second end of the horizontal arm
56
that is rigidly linked to the horizontal control rod
42
. On the same figures it is shown that the support lugs
38
to which are rotatably secured the horizontal retainers
40
are secured on the inner tube
48
preferably in-between the tube bushings
50
and protrude through the blade
34
and the outer tube
52
via corresponding small openings
39
. The small openings
39
allow for a small positive rotation of the blade
34
and its outer tube
52
around their inner tube
48
by a pitch angle between zero (0) (neutral position) to approximately plus twenty-five (+25) degrees. This allows the centrifugal loads due to the rotation of parts of the turbine
20
to be shared between the horizontal retainers
40
substantially spaced-apart and limit the effect of bending stresses on the blade
34
. Obviously, the higher the number of struts provided, the more the effect of the bending stresses shall be dissipated between the retainers
40
of the turbine device
20
.
FIGS. 5
,
6
,
7
, and
8
show the details of the collective, or common, blade-pitch control system used in order to achieve self-regulating angular speed and/or power output of the rotor or turbine drive shaft
26
. Each control rod
42
is secured to the common control disc
44
preferably in such a way that in neutral position it is tangential to the control disc
44
and substantially parallel to its respective support struts
36
. The control and preferably round disc
44
is rotatably secured on the shaft
26
using preferably a disc bearing
60
and thereby accommodates any pivoting action, blade-pitch angle variation, of the blades
34
. The control disc
44
is held in that neutral position by the control disc biasing member
46
. The latter includes a transverse bar
61
substantially located in close proximity to the control disc
44
and abutting a pair, preferably only one, of biasing springs
64
. Holding rods
62
are preferably pivotally mounted onto the control disc
44
at one end and carry a pair of axially mounted biasing springs
64
abutting the transverse bar
61
. The control disc
44
is initially held in a predetermined neutral position by the selected desired setting at a certain value of the biasing springs
64
as determined by the requirements for the speed control of the turbine shaft
26
.
During the rotation of the turbine rotor, the pivotal actions of the blades
34
around the respective inner tube
48
due to the unbalanced centrifugal forces acting on the blades
34
are restrained and the blades
34
are held in a fixed position by the counteracting compression in the biasing springs
64
. Whenever the wind speed exceeds the rated wind speed conditions, there is an increase in the aerodynamic forces acting on the blades
34
that exert additional pressure on the blades
34
and increase the rotation speed of the turbine shaft
26
, which then result in an increase of the unbalanced centrifugal forces acting on the blades
34
and the counter balance weight members
58
. These additional centrifugal forces tend to pivot the blades
34
(increase the blade-pitch angle) and force the control rods
42
to exert an additional collective tangential pull on the control disc
44
. The latter is counter reacted by the compression of the biasing springs
64
that allow the control disc
44
to rotate in a controlled manner and allow the blades
34
to pivot within a certain limit, set by the spring-rate of the biasing springs
64
, thus resulting in a decrease in the aerodynamic forces acting on the blades
34
to decrease and re-establish the rotation speed of the turbine shaft
26
within a plus or minus percentage of its rated rotational speed.
Finally, as it can be seen on
FIGS. 1 and 8
, when the wind W acts on the blades
34
to force them into a shaft rotation R. Upon excessive speed, the control disc
44
will temporarily be forced to further rotate in the rotational direction R′ against the compression of the biasing springs
64
.
Although the embodiment
20
shown in
FIG. 1
has only one rotor assembly, it is understood that a person skilled in the art could easily provide an upper static support structure
22
adapted to receive either two or three similar rotor assemblies installed on top of each other on a same turbine drive shaft
24
, with respective bearing members
26
.
Although an embodiment has been described herein with some particularity and details, many modifications and variations of the preferred embodiment are possible without deviating from the scope of the present invention.
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