Method and apparatus for logging well boreholes with gamma rays from the inelastic scattering of fast neutrons
阅读：432发布：2021-03-25
专利汇可以提供Method and apparatus for logging well boreholes with gamma rays from the inelastic scattering of fast neutrons专利检索，专利查询，专利分析的服务。并且A fast neutron source is periodically switched between a pulsed mode and a continuous mode. A first gamma ray detection interval follows the pulsed mode to provide an indication of the capture gamma rays. A second detection interval occurs during the continuous mode to provide an indication of the capture gamma rays plus the gamma rays resulting from the inelastic scattering of fast neutrons. The first indication is subtracted from the second, resulting in an indication solely of the gamma rays from inelastic scattering. The pulses occurring in such intervals are further subjected to energy discrimination which provides information relating to carbon and oxygen content, such information being used with a ratio circuit to provide a carbon/oxygen ratio. In another embodiment, a pair of neutron sources, one pulsed, one continuous, provide analogous results. In still another embodiment, the borehole is first logged with a pulsed source and then later with a continuous source. In yet another embodiment, a shielding, rotating disk having alternate short and long windows is used between an alpha particle source and a neutron emitter to simulate the pulsed and continuous modes.，下面是Method and apparatus for logging well boreholes with gamma rays from the inelastic scattering of fast neutrons专利的具体信息内容。
1. The method of well logging comprising the steps of: irradiating the formations surrounding a well with a first discrete pulse of high energy neutrons, said first pulse being of a first duration; detecting radiations emanating from said irradiated formations following said first pulse; irradiating the formations surrounding said well with a second discrete pulse of high energy neutrons, said second pulse being of a second duration substantially longer than that of said first pulse; detecting radiations emanating from said irradiated formations during a portion of said second pulse; and establishing an electrical signal functionally related to the difference in number between the detected radiations following said first pulse and the detected radiations during a portion of said second pulse.
2. The method according to claim 1 including the additional step of recording said electrical signal as a function of depth in the well bore.
3. The method of well logging comprising the steps of: irradiating the formations surrounding a well with a first discrete pulse of high energy neutrons, said first pulse being of a first duration and having a given number of sucH neutrons; detecting radiations emanating from said irradiated formations following said first pulse; irradiating said formations with a second discrete pulse of high energy neutrons, said second pulse being of a second duration substantially longer than that of said first pulse and having substantially at least as many of such high energy neutrons as said given number; detecting radiations emanating from said irradiated formations during a portion of said second pulse having substantially the same number of high energy neutrons as said given number; and establishing an electrical signal functionally related to the difference in number between the detected radiations following said first pulse and the detected radiations during a portion of said second pulse.
4. The method according to claim 3 including the additional step of recording said electrical signal as a function of depth in the well bore.
5. The method of well logging comprising the steps of: irradiating the formations surrounding a well with a plurality of discrete pulses of high energy neutrons, each of said pulses each having a given duration and a given number of such neutrons; detecting radiations emanating from said irradiated formations following said plurality of pulses, respectively; irradiating said formations with a longer discrete pulse of high energy neutrons, said longer pulse having substantially at least as many of such high energy neutrons as the total of said plurality of discrete pulses; detecting radiations emanating from said irradiated formations during a portion of said longer pulse; and establishing an electrical signal functionally related to the difference in number between the total detected radiations following said pulrality of pulses and the detected radiations occurring during a portion of said longer pulse.
6. The method according to claim 5 including the additional step of recording said electrical signal as a function of depth in the well bore.
7. The method according to claim 6 wherein said portion of said longer pulse has substantially the same number of high energy neutrons as does the total of said plurality of pulses.
8. The method of well logging comprising the steps of: irradiating the formations surrounding a well with a plurality of discrete pulses of high energy neutrons, said pulses together having a given number of such neutrons and together having a given total duration; detecting radiations emanating from said irradiated formations following said plurality of pulses, respectively; irradiating said formations with a longer discrete pulse of high energy neutrons, said longer pulse having substantially at least as many of such high energy neutrons as the total of said plurality of discrete pulses; detecting radiations emanating from said irradiated formations during a portion of said longer pulse; and establishing an electrical signal functionally related to the difference in number between the total detected radiations following said plurality of pulses and the detected radiations occurring during a portion of said longer pulse.
9. The method of well logging comprising the steps of: irradiating the formations surrounding a well with a first discrete pulse of high energy neutrons, said first pulse being of a first duration; detecting radiations emanating from said irradiated formations following said first pulse; establishing a first electrical signal functionally related to those radiations having a first energy level detected following said first pulse; irradiating said formations with a second discrete pulse of high energy neutrons, said second pulse being of a second duration substantially longer than that of said first pulse; detecting radiations emanating from said irradiated formations during a portion of said second pulse; establishing a second electrical signal functionally related to those radiations having said first energy level detected duriNg a portion of said second pulse; and establishing a third electrical signal functionally related to the subtraction of said first signal from said second signal.
10. The method according to claim 9 wherein said first energy level corresponds to the 4.4 mev gamma ray peak of carbon.
11. The method according to claim 9 wherein said first energy level corresponds to the 6.1 mev gamma ray peak of oxygen.
12. The method according to claim 9 wherein said first energy level corresponds to the 6.4 mev gamma ray peak of calcium.
13. The method according to claim 9 wherein said first energy level is one of the energy levels selected from the group consisting of the 5.0 and 7.6 mev gamma ray peaks of iron.
14. The method of well logging comprising the steps of: irradiating the formations surrounding a well with a first discrete pulse of high energy neutrons, said first pulse being of a first duration; detecting radiations emanating from said irradiated formations following said first pulse; establishing a first electrical signal functionally related to those radiations having a first energy level detected following said first pulse; establishing a second electrical signal functionally related to those radiations having a second energy level detected following said first pulse; irradiating said formations with a second discrete pulse of high energy neutrons, said second pulse being of a second duration substantially longer than that of said first pulse; detecting radiations emanating from said irradiated formations during a portion of said second pulse; establishing a third electrical signal functionally related to those radiations having said first energy level detected during a portion of said second pulse; establishing a fourth electrical signal functionally related to those radiations having said second energy level detected during said portion of said second pulse; and establishing a fifth electrical signal functionally related to the subtraction of said first signal from said third signal; and establishing a sixth electrical signal functionally related to the substraction of said second signal from said fourth signal.
15. The method according to claim 14 wherein said first energy level corresponds to the 4.4 mev gamma ray peak of carbon and said second energy level corresponds to the 6.1 mev gamma ray peak of oxygen.
16. The method according to claim 14 including the additional step of establishing a seventh electrical signal functionally related to the ratio of said fifth and sixth electrical signals.
17. The method of well logging comprising the steps of: irradiating the formations surrounding a well with a plurality of discrete pulses of high energy neutrons, each of said pulses each having a given duration and a given number of such neutrons; detecting radiations emanating from said irradiated formations following said plurality of pulses, respectively; establishing a first electrical signal functionally related to those radiations having a first energy level detected following said plurality of pulses; irradiating said formations with a longer discrete pulse of high energy neutrons, said longer pulse having substantially at least as many of such high energy neutrons as the total of said plurality of discrete pulses; detecting radiations emanating from said irradiated formations during a portion of said longer pulse; establishing a second electrical signal functionally related to those radiations having said first energy level detected during a portion of said second pulse; and establishing a third electrical signal functionally related to the subtraction of said first signal from said second signal.
18. The method according to claim 17 wherein said first energy level corresponds to the 4.4 mev gamma ray peak of carbon.
19. The method according to claim 17 wherein said first energy level corresponds to the 6.1 mev gamma ray peak of oxygen.
20. The method according to claim 17 wherein said first energy level corresponds to the 6.4 mev gamma ray peak of calcium.
21. The method according to claim 17 wherein said first energy level is one of the energy levels selected from the group consisting of the 5.0 and 7.6 mev gamma ray peaks of iron.
22. The method of well logging comprising the steps of: irradiating the formations surrounding a well with a plurality of discrete pulses of high energy neutrons, each of said pulses having a given duration and a given number of such neutrons; detecting radiations emanating from said irradiated formations following said plurality of pulses, respectively; establishing a first electrical signal functionally related to those radiations having a first energy level detected following said plurality of pulses; establishing a second electrical signal functionally related to those radiation having a second energy level detected following said plurality of pulses; irradiating said formations with a longer discrete pulse of high energy neutrons, said longer pulse being of a duration substantially longer than that of the total of said plurality of pulses and having substantially at least as many of such neutrons as the total of said pulses; detecting radiations emanating from said irradiated formations during a portion of said longer pulse; establishing a third electrical signal functionally related to those radiations having said first energy level detected during a portion of said longer pulse; establishing a fourth electrical signal functionally related to those radiations having said second energy level detected during said portion of said longer pulse; and establishing a fifth electrical signal functionally related to the subtraction of said first signal from said third signal; and establishing a sixth electrical signal functionally related to the subtraction of said second signal from said fourth signal.
23. The method according to claim 22 wherein said first energy level corresponds to the 4.4 mev gamma ray peak of carbon and said second energy level corresponds to the 6.1 mev gamma ray peak of oxygen.
24. The method according to claim 22 including the additional step of establishing a seventh electrical signal functionally related to the ratio of said fifth and sixth electrical signals.
25. A radioactivity well logging apparatus, comprising : a source of pulsed neutrons adapted to be passed through a borehole adjacent the formations of interest; a continuous source of neutrons adapted to be passed through said borehole; and means for periodically switching between said pulsed and said continuous sources of neutrons, whereby said formations are alternately irradiated by such pulsed and continuous sources.
26. A radioactivity well logging apparatus, comprising: a first source of pulsed neutrons adapted to be passed through a borehole adjacent the formations of interest, said pulses each having a given duration; a second source of longer pulsed neutrons adapted to be passed through said borehole, said longer pulses having a duration substantially longer than the duration of the pulses of said first source and having substantially at least as many neutrons as do the pulses of said first source; and means for causing said first and second sources to alternately irradiate said formations.
27. The well logging apparatus according to claim 26 wherein each of said sources emit a single pulse prior to switching to the other source.
28. The well logging apparatus according to claim 26 wherein said first source emits a plurality of pulses prior to switching to the continuous mode of operation.
29. The apparatus according to claim 26 wherein said first and said second sources of neutrons comprise a single source of high energy neutrons.
30. In a radioactivity well logging system having a neutron source, the imProvement comprising means to first pulse the formations surrounding the borehole with a first pulse of high energy neutrons having a given time duration and a given number of such neutrons and then to pulse the formations with a second pulse of high energy neutrons having a time duration longer than said given time duration and having substantially at least as many high energy neutrons as said given number.
31. In the system according to claim 30, including in addition thereto, means for separating said first and second pulses by a quiescent period substantially equal to a portion of said second pulse having as mahy high energy neutrons as does said first pulse.
32. In a radioactivity well logging system having a neutron source, the improvement comprising means to first pulse the formations surrounding the borehole with a plurality of high energy neutron pulses, said pulses together having a given time duration and a given number of such neutrons, and then to pulse the formations with a single pulse of high energy neutrons having a time duration longer than said given time duration and having substantially at least as many high energy neutrons as said given number.
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