专利汇可以提供TECHNIQUES FOR ENSURING POWER DELIVERY OVER ONLY DATA-ACTIVE PAIRS OF DATA COMMUNICATIONS CABLING专利检索,专利查询,专利分析的服务。并且A power delivery technique which involves connecting power sourcing equipment (PSE) with a powered device (PD) through data communications cabling (e.g., an Ethernet cable). The technique further involves negotiating an acceptable power level for the PD and a data rate for the PD, and enforcing delivery of power to the PD using only wire pairs of the data communications cabling which carry data between the PSE and the PD. As a result, the PSE does not deliver any power to the PD through wire pairs which are not data-active.,下面是TECHNIQUES FOR ENSURING POWER DELIVERY OVER ONLY DATA-ACTIVE PAIRS OF DATA COMMUNICATIONS CABLING专利的具体信息内容。
What is claimed is:
Power over Ethernet (PoE) refers to delivery of power from power sourcing equipment (PSE) to powered devices (PDs) through Ethernet cabling. IEEE 802.3af and 802.at are standards which provide specific implementation details for such power delivery.
Examples of PSE include network switches and hubs. Examples of PDs include wireless access points, IP phones, and IP cameras.
Presently, there is no enforcement over how the PSE delivers power over the four twisted-wire pairs of an Ethernet cable (e.g., Cat 5, Cat 5e, Cat 6, etc.). Accordingly, it is currently possible for the PSE to deliver power to a PD over twisted-wire pairs of the cabling that do not carry data between the PSE and the PD. For example, through an Ethernet cable, it is possible for the PSE to exchange data with a PD only through first and second wire pairs of the Ethernet cable (e.g., 100 Mbps), and to deliver power only through the other twisted pairs, i.e., the remaining third and fourth twisted pairs of the Ethernet cable. It is also currently possible for the PSE to exchange data with a PD only through first and second twisted pairs of the Ethernet cable, and to deliver power through all of the twisted pairs of the Ethernet cable, i.e., power delivery to the PD using all four twisted pairs.
The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages will be apparent from the following description of particular embodiments of the invention, as illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which like reference characters refer to the same parts throughout the different views. The drawings are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon illustrating the principles of various embodiments of the invention.
It is possible for power sourcing equipment (PSE) to deliver power to a powered device (PD) over wire pairs that do not carry data between the PSE and the PD. Due to the lack of enforcement over which wire pairs are used for Power over Ethernet (PoE) power delivery, there are unfortunately associated drawbacks, e.g., the PD could operate improperly or suffer damage if the PSE attempts to inject power over the wrong or unanticipated wire pairs, there may be manufacturer imposed restrictions on which wire pairs are used for power delivery, etc.
Fortunately, improved techniques involve supplying power using only data-active pairs of data communications cabling, i.e., wire pairs which actively carry meaningful data between PSE and PD. In particular, electronic circuitry enforces power delivery from PSE to PD only over wire pairs that actively carry data with no power being delivered over wire pairs which do not carry data. Such enforcement is preferably ongoing so that, if the data rate between the PSE and PD changes over time (e.g. the PSE and PD may negotiate a new data rate), the electronic circuitry dynamically changes the particular wire pairs used for power delivery as well. As a result, the electronic circuitry continuously enforces delivery of power from the PSE to the PD using only data-active pairs.
One embodiment is directed to a power delivery method which involves connecting power sourcing equipment (PSE) with a powered device (PD) through data communications cabling (e.g., an Ethernet cable). The method further involves negotiating an acceptable power level for the PD and a data rate for the PD (e.g., 10 Mbps, 100 Mbps, 1 Gbps, etc.). The method further involves enforcing delivery of power to the PD using only wire pairs of the data communications cabling which carry data between the PSE and the PD. As a result, the PSE does not deliver any power to the PD through wire pairs which are not actively carrying data between the PSE and the PD (although these non data-active pairs may occasionally carry a test or discovery signal which is not considered meaningful data exchanged between the PSE and PD).
The data communications cabling 26 includes multiple twisted wire pairs 28(1), 28(2), 28(3), and 28(4) (collectively, parallel pairs of wires or simply wire pairs 28). Each wire pair 28 includes two end-to-end conductive paths (solid or stranded wires) for robust and reliable differential signaling to carry data 30 bi-directionally between the PSE 22 and the PD 24. Such data 30 refers to meaningful information exchanged between the PSE 22 and the PD 24 such as OSI Layer 3 or higher information (e.g., packetized application level data, voice data, etc.) in each direction. Along these lines, as illustrated by the arrow 32 associated with the wire pair 28(1), the PSE 22 is able to send data 30 to the PD 24. Likewise, as illustrated by the arrow 34 associated with the wire pair 28(2), the PD 24 is able to send data 30 to the PSE 22. Similarly, the PSE 22 and the PD 24 are able to exchange data 30 bi-directionally through the wire pairs 28(3), 28(4). Moreover, in the context of very high bandwidth (e.g., 1 Gbps), each pair 28 carries both transmit and receive data (i.e., the data is bidirectional).
Although the data communications cabling 26 is shown as a single, contiguous pathway between the PSE 22 and the PD 24 for simplicity, it should be understood that the data communications cabling 26 may include a variety of data communications components. Such components include cables, couplings, connectors, patch panels, combinations thereof, etc. which are capable of conveying data 30 as well as inline power.
As will be explained in further detail shortly, the PSE 22 is constructed and arranged to ensure that power delivery occurs only over data-active pairs of the data communications cabling 26. For example, the PSE 22 may deliver power to the PD 24 only over wire pairs 28(1), 28(2) if only wire pairs 28(1), 28(2) currently carry data 30 (i.e., the primary pair 36 illustrated by a dashed line around wire pairs 28(1), 28(2)). In this situation, the PSE 22 pre-empts power delivery over wire pairs 28(3), 28(4) if wire pairs 28(3), 28(4) do not carry data 30.
As another example, the PSE 22 may exchange data with the PD 24 over all four wire pairs 28. In this situation, the PSE 22 purposefully does not pre-empt delivery of power to the PD 24 over any wire pairs 28.
At this point, it should be understood that PSE 22 enforces power delivery only over data-active pairs 28 by imposing tight coupling between power negotiation and data rate negotiation (e.g., 10 Mbps, 100 Mbps, 1 Gbps, etc.). To this end and as shown in
If the minimum acceptable power requirement 38 of the PD 24 requires power delivery over all four wire pairs 28, the PSE 22 permits power delivery using all four wire pairs 28 and sets the data rate between the PSE 22 and the PD 24 utilize all four wire pairs 28 as well (e.g., 1 Gbps). In this situation, all four wire pairs 28 are data-active (i.e., each wire pair 28 carries meaningful data 30 between the PSE 22 and the PD 24, and all four wire pairs 28 participate in power delivery.
Alternatively, if power delivery over two wire pairs 28 (e.g., wire pairs 28(1) and 28(2)) is able to satisfy the minimum acceptable power requirement 38 of the PD 24, the PSE 22 permits power delivery only through two wire pairs 28 (e.g., wire pairs 28(1), 28(2)) and sets the data rate between the PSE 22 and the PD 24 utilize only those data-active wire pairs 28 as well (e.g., 100 Mbps). In this situation, the remaining non data-active wire pairs 28 (e.g., wire pairs 28(3), 28(4)) are not involved in the delivery of power or data. It should nevertheless be understood that the remaining non data-active wire pairs 28 may still carry an occasional electrical signal to enable discovery/sensing, error detection, etc.
At this point, it should be understood that the PSE 22 and the PD 24 may dynamically re-negotiate power and/or data rate. For example, suppose that initially the wire pairs 28(1), 28(2) are data-active, and the wire pairs 28(3), 28(4) are not data-active. In this situation, the PSE 22 currently delivers PoE to the PD 24 using only the wire pairs 28(1), 28(2) due to the tight coupling existing between power delivery and data rate. Further suppose that the PD 24 notifies the PSE 22 that the PD 24 now requires increased power to the extent that all four wire pairs must be used to deliver power, or alternatively, suppose that the PD 24 informs the PSE 22 that the PD 22 requires a higher data rate that must be support by the use of all four wire pairs 28. In response, the PSE 22 is capable of simultaneously satisfying the request from the PD 24 by delivering power through all of the wire pairs 28 and increasing the data rate so that all of the wire pairs 28 are now data-active. Accordingly, the PD 24 enjoys dynamically increased power delivery and increased bandwidth while the PSE 22 maintains tight coupling between power delivery and data rate.
A similar exchange is possible between the PSE 22 and the PD 24 to reduce power delivery and the data rate. For example, suppose that the PSE 22 and the PD 24 utilize all four wire pairs 28 for power delivery and data exchange. Further suppose that the PSE 22 and the PD 24 now wish to coordinate a reduction of power and bandwidth. Here, the PSE 22 may pre-empt delivery of power through wire pairs 28(3), 28(4) and concurrently terminate data exchange through wire pairs 28(3), 28(4). Accordingly, the PSE 22 steadfastly delivers power only through data-active pairs 28.
It should be understood that the minimum acceptable power requirement 38 of the PD 24 is capable of being determined by a number of internal and external factors including need/pre-configuration/prioritization of the PD 24, capacity and loading of the system 20, etc. In some arrangements, the minimum acceptable power requirement 38 is a predefined value, and the PD 24 conveys the minimum acceptable power requirement 38 to the PSE 22 during a negotiation or exchange of operating parameters (e.g., during power negotiation shortly after discovery). In some arrangements, the minimum acceptable power requirement 38 is one of multiple predefined values based at least partially on the current state of operation of the PD 24 (e.g., sleep mode, low bandwidth mode, high bandwidth mode, etc.). In some arrangements, the PSE 22 dynamically monitors power draw over time and locally keeps track of the minimum acceptable power requirement 38 based on the power drawn by the PD 24.
It should be further understood that non data-active pairs 28 may carry an occasional electrical signal. That is, a wire pair 28 is considered to be “data-active” and thus carry data 30 between the PSE 22 and the PD 24 only if the data 30 is meaningful to the PD 24. If the data 30 through a particular wire pair 28 is not meaningful to the PD 24, there is no data communication between the PSE 22 and the PD 24 through that wire pair 28, and that wire pair is considered non data-active.
In some arrangements, the PSE 22 is capable of applying an electrical signal to the non data-active pairs 28. That is, the PSE 22 may transmit signals which are meaningless to the PD 24 on the non data-active pairs 28, i.e., electrical signals which are not received or not acted on by the PD 24. For instance, the PSE 22 may test whether there is a short or loop back at the PD 24 through non-data active pairs 28 even though there is no data communication occurring through those pairs 28. In such arrangements, the PSE 22 is nevertheless able to utilize the non data-active pairs 28 for exploratory, or error detection purposes, among other reasons. In these situations, the PSE 22 still pre-empts power delivery over non data-active pairs 28 of the data communications cabling 26. Further details will now be provided with reference to
During operation, the controller 52 (i) negotiates an acceptable power level for the PD 24 and a data rate for the PD 24 through a particular port 50 and the data communications cabling 26, and (ii) enforces delivery of power from the power source 54 to the PD 24 using only wire pairs 28 of the data communications cabling 26 which carry data 30 between the port 50 and the PD 24. Such operation is carried out by the power delivery enforcement circuitry 58. In particular, the power delivery enforcement circuitry 58 sets registers within the PHY of the port 50 to allow it to link up at a high data rate (e.g., 1 Gbps) using all wire pairs 28 of the data communications cabling 26 or a low data rate using only primary wire pairs 28 (e.g., any data rate which uses only wire pairs 28(1), 28(2)).
Once power negotiation is complete and the data rate is set, the controller 52 performs traditional switching operations to route traffic over a local area network (LAN). In particular, the data communications circuitry 56 (e.g., switching circuitry) carries out packet switching among multiple computerized devices connected to the ports 50. In this context, the PD 24 is one of the computerized devices which communicates with the other with the other devices through the PSE 22. During such operation, the PSE 22 makes sure that power is always transmitted over only those wire pairs 28 that actively carry data 30.
In some arrangements, the power delivery enforcement circuitry 58 and the data communications circuitry 56 are discrete electronic circuits (e.g., ASICs, FPGAs, etc.) which are housed within a common PSE enclosure. In other arrangements, the power delivery enforcement circuitry 58 and the data communications circuitry 56 are implemented using a set of processors (i.e., one or more microprocessors) running software which performs the above-described power delivery enforcement and data communications tasks. In yet other arrangements, the power delivery enforcement circuitry 58 and the data communications circuitry 56 are implemented using a combination of discrete electronic circuits and processors. Further details will now be provided with reference to
In step 74, the PSE 22 selects power delivery based on the outcome of step 72. If the controller 52 of the PSE 22 selects 4-wire power (e.g., because the PD 24 mandates the use of all four wire pairs 28), the procedure proceeds to step 76. However, if the controller 52 selects 2-wire power (e.g., because the minimum acceptable power requirement 38 of the PD 24 can be accommodated using only two wire pairs 28), the procedure proceeds to step 78.
In step 76, the PSE 22 exchanges data with the PD 24 through all four wire pairs 28 of the data communications cabling 26. In particular, the power delivery enforcement circuitry 58 sets registers in the PHY to only allow it to link up at a data rate that utilizes all four wire pairs 28 (e.g., 1 Gbps). Such operation forces all of the wire pairs of the data communications cabling 26 to be data-active. While the PSE 22 and the PD 24 now exchanging data 30 over all four wire pairs 28, the power delivery enforcement circuitry 58 concurrently delivers power to the PD 24 over all four wire pairs 28.
In step 78, the PSE 22 exchanges data with the PD 24 through only two wire pairs 28 of the data communications cabling 26. In particular, the power delivery enforcement circuitry 58 directs delivery of power to the PD 24 over only the primary wire pairs 28 of the data communications cabling 26 (e.g., wire pairs 28(1), 28(2)) and then negotiates a data rate which only uses the primary wire pairs 28. The PSE 22 and the PD 24 exchange data 30 only over the primary wire pairs 28, and the PSE 22 delivers power only over the primary wire pairs 28.
At this point, it should be understood that it is possible for the PSE 22 and the PD 24 to re-negotiate power over time. For example, some protocols permit event-driven or periodic re-negotiation of power delivery and/or data rate between the PSE 22 and the PD 24. Additionally, if the link between the PSE 22 and the PD 24 is ever lost, the PSE 22 and PD 24 are able to renegotiate power delivery and data rate by repeating the procedure 70. To illustrate this situation, both steps 76 and 78 of the procedure 70 are shown leading back to step 72.
It should be further understood that other power classes are suitable for use by the system 20 in addition to 4-wire and 2-wire power. For instance, in some arrangements, the PD 24 is capable of negotiating a data rate which uses all four wire pairs (i.e., 1 Gbps), but receives power only over two wire pairs 28 (e.g., wire pairs 28(1), 28(2)). The procedure 70 is able to accommodate these arrangements by including another branch from step 74 (e.g., branch based on power class). In this situation, there is still enforcement of power delivery over only data-active pairs 28, i.e., there are two other data-active pairs 28 that do not deliver power (e.g., wire pairs 28(3), 28(4)). Further details will now be provided with reference to
The particular configuration for the electronic system 20 shown in
For the configuration of
As mentioned above, improved techniques involve supplying power 90 using only data-active pairs of data communications cabling 26, i.e., wire pairs 28 which actively carry meaningful data between PSE 22 and a PD 24. In particular, electronic circuitry enforces power delivery from PSE 22 to PD 24 only over wire pairs 28 that actively carry data 30 with no power being delivered over wire pairs 28 which do not carry data 30. Such enforcement is preferably ongoing so that, if the data rate between the PSE 22 and the PD 24 changes over time (e.g. the PSE 22 and the PD 24 may negotiate a new data rate), the electronic circuitry dynamically changes the particular wire pairs 28 used for power delivery as well. As a result, the electronic circuitry continuously enforces delivery of power 90 from the PSE 22 to the PD 24 using only data-active pairs 28.
While various embodiments of the invention have been particularly shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
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